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Glyceroltriheptanoate (GTH) occurrence in animal by-products: a monitoring study to minimise safety-related risk of misuse 甘油三庚酸酯(GTH)在动物副产品中的出现:一项监测研究,以尽量减少误用的安全相关风险
Pub Date : 2022-04-05 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2059109
Sabina Pederiva, Rosa Avolio, Sara Morello, M. Abete, Daniela Marchis
Abstract Early in this century, the crisis connected to the spread of bovine spongiform encephalopathy caused a great concern related to the use of animal by-products (ABPs). According to the Commission Regulation (EU) No 1069/2009, these materials are classified in three categories according to their related risk. In 2011 Commission Regulation (EU) No 142/2011 established that meat and bone meal (MBM) and fat deriving from ABPs not intended for human consumption (category 1 and 2) are required to be permanently marked with glyceroltriheptanoate (GTH), at a minimum concentration of 250 mg kg–1 of fat, while category 3 processed animal proteins (PAPs) must not contain this compound. PAPs are bio resources, which could be used in a renewable and regenerative way in a circular economy model for a conscious usage of raw materials. The aim of this study was to provide information on GTH occurrence in MBM and, if any, in PAPs. Samples were collected from 2017 to 2021 and analysed by GC-MS. Detected non-compliant samples were exclusively of MBM category 1 and 2, probably due to the addition of an inadequate amount of GTH during the manufacturing processes. These results highlighted the importance of National Monitoring Programs as a useful tool to minimise safety related risk due to the misuse of GTH. Thus, investigating the critical points in feed supply-chain and sharing the information on its occurrence may help to improve animal and human wellness and safety.
在本世纪初,与牛海绵状脑病传播有关的危机引起了与动物副产品(ABPs)使用有关的极大关注。根据欧盟委员会法规(EU) No 1069/2009,这些材料根据其相关风险分为三类。2011年欧盟委员会法规(EU) No 142/2011规定,非供人类食用(1类和2类)的肉骨粉(MBM)和来自ABPs的脂肪必须永久标记甘油三七酸酯(GTH),最低脂肪浓度为250 mg kg-1,而3类加工动物蛋白(PAPs)不得含有该化合物。pap是生物资源,可以在循环经济模式中以可再生和再生的方式使用,以有意识地使用原材料。本研究的目的是提供GTH发生在MBM和pap(如果有的话)的信息。样品于2017年至2021年采集,并采用气相色谱-质谱分析。检测到的不合格样品仅为MBM 1类和2类,可能是由于在生产过程中添加的GTH量不足。这些结果突出了国家监测计划作为一种有用的工具的重要性,以尽量减少由于滥用GTH而导致的安全相关风险。因此,调查饲料供应链中的关键点并分享其发生的信息可能有助于改善动物和人类的健康和安全。
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引用次数: 2
‘From soil to chocolate bar’: identifying critical steps in the journey of cadmium in a Colombian cacao plantation “从土壤到巧克力棒”:确定哥伦比亚可可种植园镉旅程的关键步骤
Pub Date : 2022-04-04 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2040747
D. Bravo, M. Santander, Jader Rodríguez, Sebastian Escobar, Gideon Ramtahal, R. Atkinson
Abstract Regulation of maximum levels of cadmium in chocolate is an issue for cacao exportation from many parts of Latin America, including Colombia. These limits are related to the final product, but buyers often request maximum levels of Cd in the beans. However, to date, there is neither a clear understanding of the relationship between the specified levels of Cd in chocolate and cocoa derivatives and levels in harvested beans or soil nor of the effect of post-harvest processes on the levels of Cd in the final product. To address this, the fate of Cd concentration from soil to chocolate bar was followed in a single farm in Santander district, Colombia. The concentration of Cd in soils was measured using ICP-OES and correlated with soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), and the use of P-based fertilisers. Cd concentrations were also measured in unfermented seeds, fermented and dried beans, shell, nibs, and chocolate. SOM (2.93–3.78%), soil pH (4.7–4.9), soil P concentration (120–132 mg kg−1) affect Cd availability. However, it is still unclear whether Cd concentration of P-based fertilisers (3–30 mg kg−1) is important or not. While post-harvest treatments did not affect the Cd concentration of beans (4.17 ± 0.8 mg kg−1 on average), the removal of the shell (6.57 mg kg−1) from the nibs (3.28 mg kg−1), as well as the percentage of cocoa mass used contributes to a reduction in Cd concentration in the chocolate bar (1.60 mg kg−1). This study provides clear indications on where research into mitigation measures should be focussed, as well as indicating the importance of carrying out analyses for Cd in the nib or cacao mass, rather than the whole bean, reducing Cd concentration by up to 40%. Graphical Abstract
对包括哥伦比亚在内的拉丁美洲许多地区的可可出口来说,对巧克力中镉的最高含量进行监管是一个问题。这些限制与最终产品有关,但买家通常要求咖啡豆中镉的最高含量。然而,迄今为止,对于巧克力和可可衍生物中特定的镉含量与收获的豆类或土壤中的镉含量之间的关系,以及收获后的加工过程对最终产品中镉含量的影响,都没有明确的认识。为了解决这一问题,在哥伦比亚桑坦德地区的一个农场跟踪研究了从土壤到巧克力棒的Cd浓度的变化。利用ICP-OES测定了土壤中Cd的浓度,并与土壤pH、土壤有机质(SOM)和磷基肥料的使用相关。还测定了未发酵的种子、发酵和干豆、豆壳、豆粒和巧克力中的镉浓度。土壤有机质(2.93 ~ 3.78%)、土壤pH(4.7 ~ 4.9)、土壤磷浓度(120 ~ 132 mg kg−1)影响Cd有效性。然而,目前尚不清楚磷基肥料(3-30 mg kg - 1)的Cd浓度是否重要。虽然收获后处理不会影响豆子的Cd浓度(平均为4.17±0.8 mg kg - 1),但从笔尖(3.28 mg kg - 1)去除外壳(6.57 mg kg - 1)以及使用的可可质量百分比有助于降低巧克力棒中的Cd浓度(1.60 mg kg - 1)。这项研究提供了明确的指示,说明减缓措施的研究应该集中在哪里,并指出了在笔头或可可块中而不是在整个可可豆中进行Cd分析的重要性,这将使Cd浓度降低高达40%。图形抽象
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引用次数: 5
Simultaneous determination of praziquantel and its main metabolites in the tissues of black goats and their residue depletion 黑山羊组织中吡喹酮及其主要代谢物的同时测定及其残留消耗
Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2032380
Tong-Yan Ding, X. Shu, Renping Xiong, Jingli Qiu, Lu Li, Limin He
Abstract Praziquantel (PZQ) is a pyrazino-isoquinoline compound with broad spectrum of activity against parasitic trematodes and cestodes, and a key veterinary drug in the parasitic disease control field. However, PZQ residues caused by non-conforming or excessive use in food-producing animals may pose a serious threat to human health. Herein, a simple, sensitive and reproducible LC-MS/MS method was developed for the simultaneous determination of praziquantel and trans- and cis-4-hydroxypraziquantel in black goat tissues to guide the reasonable use of PZQ. The mean recoveries for three target analytes were 71.2 ∼ 117.6%, and the limits of quantification were 1.0 μg/kg. Twenty-five healthy black goats were administered a single dose of praziquantel tablets at a dose of 35 mg/kg of body weight for residue elimination study, The results revealed that praziquantel and 4-hydroxypraziquantel were rapidly depleted in goat tissues and the elimination half-lives did not exceed 1 day in all tissues except for muscle and lung. It provides guidance for the establishment of maximum residue limit of praziquantel in goat.
吡喹酮(PZQ)是一种具有广谱抗寄生虫活性的吡嗪基-异喹啉类化合物,是寄生虫病防治领域的关键兽药。然而,在食用动物中不合格或过量使用导致的PZQ残留可能对人类健康构成严重威胁。本研究建立了一种简便、灵敏、重现性好的LC-MS/MS同时测定黑山羊组织中吡喹酮和反式、顺式-4-羟基吡喹酮的方法,以指导复方吡喹酮的合理使用。3种目标物的平均加样回收率为71.2 ~ 117.6%,定量限为1.0 μg/kg。25只健康黑山羊按35 mg/kg体重单次给药吡喹酮片进行残留消除研究,结果表明,吡喹酮和4-羟基吡喹酮在山羊组织中迅速耗尽,除肌肉和肺外,其余组织的残留消除半衰期均不超过1 d。为吡喹酮在山羊体内最大残留限量的确定提供指导。
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引用次数: 1
Accumulation of HT-2 toxin from contaminated mushroom compost by edible Agaricus bisporus 食用双孢蘑菇对污染蘑菇堆肥中HT-2毒素的积累
Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2037723
Emese Varga, Csilla Soros, P. Fodor, M. Cserhati, Rózsa Sebők, B. Kriszt, A. Geosel
Abstract Wheat straw is commonly used as a cellulose source in mushroom compost and could be a secondary source of mycotoxin contamination in the food chain. We cultivated edible Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus on T-2/HT-2 artificially-contaminated mushroom compost and developed and in-house validated an UHPLC-MS/MS method for determination of T-2, HT-2, T2-triol and T2-tetraol in mushroom compost and mushroom basidiocarp. A rapid phase I metabolization of T-2 and HT-2 in mushroom compost was observed. In Agaricus bisporus, basidiocarps 8–15 µg kg−1 accumulation of HT-2 calculated on wet weight was measured. No detectable mycotoxins were found in Pleurotus ostreatus basidiocarp.
摘要小麦秸秆是蘑菇堆肥中常用的纤维素来源,可能是食物链中霉菌毒素污染的二次来源。在T-2/HT-2人工污染的蘑菇堆肥上培养食用双孢蘑菇和平菇,建立并验证了UHPLC-MS/MS测定蘑菇堆肥和担子果皮中T-2、HT-2、t2 -三醇和t2 -四醇的方法。在蘑菇堆肥中观察到T-2和HT-2的快速I期代谢。测定双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)担子果8 ~ 15µg kg−1的HT-2积累量,以湿重计算。侧耳担子果未检出真菌毒素。
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引用次数: 0
Uptake and distribution of difenoconazole in rice plants under different culture patterns 不同栽培模式下水稻对异虫康唑的吸收和分布
Pub Date : 2022-03-31 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2056640
Junli Cao, Xingang Liu, Xiaohu Wu, Jun Xu, F. Dong, Yongquan Zheng
Abstract The effects of spraying and root irrigation on the uptake and transport of the fungicide difenoconazole under hydroponic and soil cultivation were investigated. Rice was used as the crop for a short-term exposure experiment. A modified QuEChERS pre-treatment combined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to extract and detect difenoconazole from rice plants, water and soil. The recoveries of difenoconazole were in the range of 72.8–110.5%, with a relative standard deviation of 2.4–19.5% for all the samples when spiked with 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg kg−1 of difenoconazole, respectively. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) of this method was 0.01 mg kg−1. The exposure results showed that difenoconazole could be absorbed by rice plants and transmitted to different parts of rice plants in all the treatments. In the hydroponic experiment, difenoconazole was mainly distributed in the roots of rice regardless of whether irrigation or spraying was used. For rice cultivated in soil, difenoconazole mainly accumulated in leaves after the root irrigation treatment, whereas after the spraying treatment, the rice roots were the main site of accumulation of difenoconazole. This experiment extends our knowledge of the influence of the cultivation system and application mode on the translocation of difenoconazole in rice plants.
摘要研究了水培和土壤栽培条件下喷施和根灌对杀菌剂异丙康唑吸收和转运的影响。水稻作为短期暴露试验的作物。采用改进的QuEChERS预处理-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术对水稻植株、土壤和水体中的异虫康唑进行提取和检测。当添加0.01、0.1和1 mg kg - 1时,各样品的回收率为72.8 ~ 110.5%,相对标准偏差为2.4 ~ 19.5%。方法的定量限为0.01 mg kg−1。暴露结果表明,在所有处理中,异虫康唑均可被水稻植株吸收并传播到水稻植株的不同部位。在水培试验中,无论灌溉还是喷洒,双苯醚康唑主要分布在水稻根部。对于土壤栽培的水稻,根灌处理后,异丙唑主要在叶片中积累,而喷施处理后,水稻根是异丙唑积累的主要部位。本实验扩展了我们对栽培制度和施用方式对异虫康唑在水稻植株转运的影响的认识。
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引用次数: 2
Reduction the contamination of patulin during the brewing of apple cider and its characteristics 降低苹果酒酿造过程中棒曲霉素的污染及其特性研究
Pub Date : 2022-03-28 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2055155
Zhouli Wang, Leran Wang, Qiaoying Ming, T. Yue, Qian Ge, Yahong Yuan, Zhenpeng Gao, Rui Cai
Abstract Patulin is one of the most significant food safety problems in fruit and derived products. The reduction of patulin contamination in food processing has always been the focus of research. In this study, nine yeast strains were applied for the brewing of apple cider and the fate of patulin was determined. In this process, the patulin contamination can be decreased by adsorption onto and degradation of yeast cells in the main fermentation (20.8–49.1%), as well as the adsorption removal during clarification (18.7–58%), inverted cans (21.3–31.4%) and aging (1.0–5.8%). Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1027) was selected to reveal the elimination mechanism of patulin in main fermentation. The decrease of patulin content was mainly due to degradation and the intracellular enzymes played a more important role than extracellular ones. In addition, the synthesis of enzymes was related to the induction of patulin. Furthermore, the degradation product of patulin in the main fermentation was identified as E-ascladiol, which is less toxic than patulin. Based on the representative strain of S. cerevisiae 1027, patulin contamination can be effectively eliminated during apple cider brewing. This study provides a new insight into eliminating patulin contamination in the brewing of apple cider.
展曲霉素是水果及其衍生产品中最严重的食品安全问题之一。减少食品加工中的展霉素污染一直是研究的热点。本研究将9株酵母菌用于苹果酒的酿造,并对展霉素的命运进行了测定。在该工艺中,主要通过酵母细胞在主发酵过程中的吸附和降解(20.8-49.1%)以及澄清(18.7-58%)、倒罐(21.3-31.4%)和陈化过程中的吸附去除(1.0-5.8%)来减少展霉素污染。以酿酒酵母(1027)为研究对象,探讨其在主发酵过程中曲霉素的消除机制。展霉素含量的降低主要是由于降解所致,胞内酶的作用大于胞外酶的作用。此外,酶的合成与展霉素的诱导有关。此外,在主发酵过程中,棒曲霉素的降解产物被鉴定为E-ascladiol,其毒性低于棒曲霉素。以酿酒葡萄球菌1027为代表菌株,可有效消除苹果酒酿造过程中的展霉素污染。本研究为消除苹果酒酿造过程中的棒曲霉素污染提供了新的思路。
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引用次数: 3
Simultaneous determination of the four key fluoroquinolones and two antipsychotics in fish and shrimp by LC-MS/MS LC-MS/MS同时测定鱼虾中4种关键氟喹诺酮类药物和2种抗精神病药物
Pub Date : 2022-03-18 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2032381
Keyi Shen, Xiaoshuang Zou, Jun Wang
Abstract In this study, we developed and validated a liquid chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method used to simultaneously determine levels of four fluoroquinolones (ofloxacin, norfloxacin, lomefloxacin, and pefloxacin) and two antipsychotics (diazepam and methaqualone) in fish and shrimp. The samples were extracted with a mixture of anhydrous sodium sulfate and acetonitrile, and purified by C18 cartridge solid-phase extraction with an optimized eluent. The MS2 method was applied to recognize the molecular structure of these compounds according to a main fragmentation scheme. The key ions of identification and quantification were deduced from chemical structures. Multiple reaction monitoring was used to quantitatively analyse the compounds of interest. Satisfactory linearities were obtained (R 2 ≥0.99) with the limits of quantitation (LOQs) ranging between 0.03 and 1.96 μg kg−1. The recoveries were 74–122%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) below 4.9% for these compounds at the spiking level of three, five, and ten times the LODs, respectively. The LC-MS/MS method allows precise and sensitive determination of residues of six important banned veterinary drugs in fish and shrimp tissue. This methodological approach solved the problem imposed by the need for two or more analysis methods to analyse the compounds of interest described in this study.
摘要:本研究建立了液相色谱三重四极杆串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)方法,用于同时测定鱼虾中氟喹诺酮类药物(氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、洛美沙星和培氟沙星)和抗精神病药物(安定和甲喹酮)的含量。样品用无水硫酸钠和乙腈混合萃取,用C18筒固相萃取优化洗脱液纯化。采用MS2方法对这些化合物的分子结构进行了识别,并建立了主要的碎片化方案。从化学结构推导出鉴定和定量的关键离子。采用多反应监测法对感兴趣的化合物进行定量分析。线性关系良好(r2≥0.99),定量限(loq)范围为0.03 ~ 1.96 μg kg−1。加样回收率为74 ~ 122%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于4.9%,加样回收率分别为lod的3倍、5倍和10倍。LC-MS/MS方法可以精确、灵敏地测定鱼虾组织中6种重要禁用兽药的残留。这种方法解决了需要两种或更多的分析方法来分析本研究中描述的感兴趣的化合物所带来的问题。
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引用次数: 4
A new real-time PCR assay to specifically detect crustaceans in vegan raw materials and vegan shrimps 一种新的实时荧光定量PCR方法,专门检测素食原料和素食虾中的甲壳类动物
Pub Date : 2022-03-18 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2036822
G. Cottenet, C. Blancpain
Abstract Contamination of vegan products and vegan shrimps with real shrimps and crustaceans must be avoided to comply with vegan claims, even more for preventing strong allergenic reactions. Therefore, the detection of crustaceans must be reliable and sensitive enough for authenticity, traceability, and food safety purposes. A new real-time PCR assay was developed targeting the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene of crustaceans and was optimised to avoid critical mismatches with primers and probe. By testing several crustacean species and common food ingredients, the method was demonstrated to be specific to crustaceans only. To comply with the limit of non-vegan contamination established at 0.1% (w/w) by the European Vegetarian Union, dedicated cut-off CT values were determined on vegan raw materials and on vegan shrimps spiked with crustacean materials. The method reached a sensitivity ≤ 0.0005% (w/w), which was further confirmed on reference materials containing a similar amount of crustacean.
为了符合素食主义者的要求,必须避免用真正的虾和甲壳类动物污染素食产品和素食虾,甚至是为了防止强烈的过敏反应。因此,甲壳类动物的检测必须足够可靠和敏感,以保证真实性、可追溯性和食品安全。建立了一种针对甲壳类动物线粒体16S rRNA基因的实时PCR检测方法,并对其进行了优化,以避免与引物和探针的严重错配。通过对几种甲壳类动物和常见食品成分的测试,证明了该方法仅适用于甲壳类动物。为了符合欧洲素食联盟(European Vegetarian Union)设定的0.1% (w/w)的非素食污染限值,在纯素食原料和添加了甲壳类材料的纯素食虾上确定了专用的截止CT值。该方法灵敏度≤0.0005% (w/w),在含有相近数量甲壳类动物的对照品上得到进一步验证。
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引用次数: 2
Assessment of multi-mycotoxin contamination throughout the supply chain of maize-based poultry feed from selected regions of Malaysia by LC-MS/MS 利用LC-MS/MS对马来西亚部分地区玉米家禽饲料供应链中的多重霉菌毒素污染进行评估
Pub Date : 2022-03-18 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2036821
Norafidah Nasaruddin, S. Jinap, N. Samsudin, N. Kamarulzaman, M. Sanny
Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the occurrence of multi-mycotoxin contamination throughout the supply chain of maize-based poultry feed. Different sampling points throughout the feed supply chain were selected from two companies that manufactured the poultry feed. A total of 51 samples, consisting of grain maize and maize-based poultry feeds, were collected. The samples were analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to determine the occurrence of multi-mycotoxin. The results revealed that 100% of samples throughout the maize-based poultry feed supply chain were spoiled with more than one mycotoxin. Fumonisin B1 (8.02–1,220 µg/kg) and fumonisin B2 (11.1–1,109 µg/kg) were the main mycotoxins detected at all sampling points throughout the feed supply chain. Zearalenone (ZEA) (6.63–7.50 µg/kg) was also detected in 11.7% (n = 6) (out of a total of 51) samples. As the supply chain progresses, a reduction in mycotoxin contamination was observed. Aflatoxins, ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol (DON), HT-2, and T-2 toxin were not detected. The levels of mycotoxins detected throughout the supply chain were below the international regulatory limits, thus indicating the low risk of exposure to mycotoxins in maize-based poultry feed in Malaysia. Nevertheless, due to the presence of multiple ingredients in most food and feed, efforts to understand and address challenges associated with mycotoxins throughout the entire supply chain need to be more holistic to protect public health.
摘要本研究的目的是检查玉米基家禽饲料供应链中多种霉菌毒素污染的发生情况。在整个饲料供应链中,从生产家禽饲料的两家公司中选择了不同的采样点。共收集了51份样品,包括谷物玉米和以玉米为基础的家禽饲料。采用液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)对样品进行分析,确定是否存在多种真菌毒素。结果显示,在整个以玉米为原料的家禽饲料供应链中,100%的样品被一种以上的霉菌毒素破坏。伏马菌素B1(8.02 - 1220µg/kg)和伏马菌素B2(11.1 - 1109µg/kg)是饲料供应链中所有采样点检测到的主要真菌毒素。51份样品中,11.7% (n = 6)的样品中也检测到玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)(6.63-7.50µg/kg)。随着供应链的发展,霉菌毒素污染有所减少。黄曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素A (OTA)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌毒素(DON)、HT-2、T-2毒素未检出。在整个供应链中检测到的真菌毒素水平低于国际监管限值,因此表明马来西亚以玉米为基础的家禽饲料暴露于真菌毒素的风险较低。然而,由于大多数食品和饲料中存在多种成分,因此需要更加全面地了解和应对整个供应链中与霉菌毒素相关的挑战,以保护公众健康。
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引用次数: 3
Extraction and analysis of an organophosphate salt nucleating agent from irradiated polypropylene resin 辐照聚丙烯树脂中有机磷酸盐成核剂的提取与分析
Pub Date : 2022-03-18 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2037727
M. D. Celiz, K. Morehouse, C. Ridge, Fu Chen, L. Dejager, T. Begley
Abstract Although it is well-established that irradiation of produce can reduce food-borne pathogens and spoilage organisms, data on the effect of irradiation on polymer additives in food packaging materials are limited, particularly for those additives used in packaging leafy greens or in current food packaging materials. We investigated the effects of irradiating a nucleating agent, aluminium, hydroxybis[2,4,8,10-tetrakis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-hydroxy-12H-dibenzo [d,g][1,3,2]dioxaphosphocin 6-oxidato]- (CAS Reg. No. 151841-65-5), at doses of 1–20 kGy in polypropylene. That nucleating agent was then extracted using accelerated solvent extraction and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection (LC-PDA), and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) spectroscopy. We found this nucleating agent was not significantly affected by radiation treatment up to 20 kGy. Therefore, this nucleating agent could potentially be useful in food packaging materials that will be irradiated at doses of 20 kGy or less. Establishing which additives are stable under anticipated irradiation doses will help support safety evaluation of food packaging materials. Graphical Abstract
虽然辐照可以减少食源性病原体和腐败生物,但辐照对食品包装材料中聚合物添加剂的影响的数据有限,特别是用于包装绿叶蔬菜或当前食品包装材料的添加剂。研究了成核剂铝对二羟基[2,4,8,10-四(1,1-二甲基乙基)-6-羟基- 12h -二苯并[d,g][1,3,2]二氧磷6-氧化]- (CAS Reg)的影响。编号151841-65-5),剂量为1- 20kgy的聚丙烯。然后采用加速溶剂萃取法提取成核剂,并通过液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)、液相色谱-光电二极管阵列检测(LC-PDA)和固态核磁共振(SSNMR)光谱分析。我们发现这种成核剂不受高达20 kGy的辐射治疗的显著影响。因此,这种成核剂可能在20千戈瑞或更低剂量辐照的食品包装材料中有潜在的用途。确定哪些添加剂在预期辐照剂量下是稳定的,将有助于食品包装材料的安全性评估。图形抽象
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引用次数: 0
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