Fish & shellfish immunology最新文献

{"title":"Identification and expression profile of serotonin receptors in the developmental stages and hemocytes of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)","authors":"Minhui Xu ,&nbsp;Miren Dong ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Gao ,&nbsp;Wei Wu ,&nbsp;Lingling Wang ,&nbsp;Chunlin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), a pleiotropic biogenic monoamine, modulates immune response through interactions with its distinct receptors (5-HTRs). In this study, thirteen 5-HTRs were identified in the Pacific oyster (<em>Crassostrea gigas</em>) to elucidate their functions in immune response to <em>Vibrio</em> stimulation. Except for the unique ligand-gated cation channels (<em>Cg</em>5-HTR3A-like), the other twelve 5-HTRs (Two <em>Cg</em>5-HTR, <em>Cg</em>5-HTR-like, <em>Cg</em>5-HTR1, <em>Cg</em>5-HTR1A-like, <em>Cg</em>5-HTR1B, <em>Cg</em>5-HTR1B-like, <em>Cg</em>5-HTR2A-like, <em>Cg</em>5-HTR2B, <em>Cg</em>5-HTR4, <em>Cg</em>5-HTR5, and <em>Cg</em>5-HTR6) all belong to G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. Among those twelve 5-HTRs, most are non-canonical members lacking complete seven-transmembrane (7TM) domains; only <em>Cg</em>5-HTR2B and <em>Cg</em>5-HTR6 retain the canonical GPCR architecture. Ten conserved motifs were identified in oyster 5-HTRs, with motif 2 being universal across all receptors and motif 10 unique to <em>Cg</em>5-HTR3A-like, indicating subtype-specific divergence. Molecular docking revealed significant differences in binding affinity and residue interaction among <em>Cg</em>5-HTRs, with <em>Cg</em>5-HTR6 exhibiting the highest binding affinity for 5-HT. Analysis across developmental stages revealed that <em>Cg</em>5-HTR1A-like transcripts were enriched in early gastrula, gastrula and trochophore, <em>Cg</em>5-HTR4, <em>Cg</em>5-HTR1B, and <em>Cg</em>5-HTR-like enriched specifically in the D-shape stage, while <em>Cg</em>5-HTR2B and <em>Cg</em>5-HTR1 transcripts enriched during the pediveliger, spat, and juvenile stages. Furthermore, <em>Cg</em>5-HTR-like and <em>Cg</em>5-HTR1 were primarily expressed in granulocytes, <em>Cg</em>5-HTR1A-like and <em>Cg</em>5-HTR2B in agranulocytes, and <em>Cg</em>5-HTR6 and <em>Cg</em>5-HTR1B in semi-granulocytes. Crucially, following secondary <em>Vibrio splendidus</em> stimulation, the expression levels of <em>Cg</em>5-HTR-like, <em>Cg</em>5-HTR1, <em>Cg</em>5-HTR1A-like, <em>Cg</em>5-HTR1B and <em>Cg</em>5-HTR2B mRNA in hemocytes upregulated significantly, indicating their potential role in immune priming. These findings suggested the potential mechanisms of 5-HTRs in regulating the immune response of hemocytes in <em>C. gigas</em>, which offered insights into the evolutionary conservation and immunoregulation divergence of these receptors in invertebrates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 111148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146100076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two CC motif chemokine 20-like genes differentially regulate leukocyte migration and survival via CC chemokine receptor 6 in ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis)","authors":"Jia-Feng Cao ,&nbsp;Yan Zhou ,&nbsp;Li-Jun Duan ,&nbsp;Shi-Li Shang ,&nbsp;Qian-Jin Zhou ,&nbsp;Jiong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) is a key mediator of inflammatory and homeostatic responses in mammal, acting through its receptor CC chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6). However, its functional roles in teleost fish remain poorly defined. In this study, we identified two <em>CCL20</em>-like genes (<em>PaCCL20l1</em> and <em>PaCCL20l2</em>) from ayu (<em>Plecoglossus altivelis</em>). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed their classification within the CCL20 subgroup. Tissue distribution analysis revealed ubiquitous expression of both genes, which were significantly upregulated in multiple tissues (liver, spleen, head kidney, gill, skin, and intestine) following infection with <em>Vibrio anguillarum</em>, albeit with distinct expression profiles. We produced the recombinant mature peptide of PaCCL20ls (rPaCCL20l1 and rPaCCL20l2) and generated specific antibodies. Functional assays demonstrated that both rPaCCL20l1 and rPaCCL20l2 exhibit chemotactic, and anti-apoptosis activities, but with differing cell specificities. rPaCCL20l1 attracted lymphocytes and neutrophils and inhibited lymphocyte apoptosis. In contrast, rPaCCL20l2 attracted monocytes/macrophages (MO/MΦ), lymphocytes, and neutrophils, and suppressed apoptosis in both MO/MΦ and lymphocytes. Crucially, neutralizing PaCCR6 completely abolished all effects of both rPaCCL20l1 and rPaCCL20l2. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that <em>PaCCL20l1</em> and <em>PaCCL20l2</em> play pivotal but distinct roles in ayu immunity by modulating leukocyte recruitment and survival via PaCCR6 pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 111176"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146104451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and efficacy of autogenous multivalent vaccine to prevent Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) and Bacillary Necrosis of Pangasius (BNP) in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)","authors":"Le Minh Khoi ,&nbsp;Thea Aldiano ,&nbsp;Nguyen Bao Trung ,&nbsp;Tran Thi Tuyet Hoa ,&nbsp;Tu Thanh Dung","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vaccines are central to disease prevention in farmed fish and help reduce antimicrobial use in aquaculture. Autogenous vaccines represent a practical solution for managing pathogens with high genetic variability, particularly in urgent outbreaks. In this study, 28 bacterial strains were isolated from striped catfish (<em>P. hypophthalmus</em>) suffering from Motile Aeromonas Septicaemia (MAS) and Bacillary Necrosis of Pangasius (BNP). Strains were identified using specific primers, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and DNA fingerprinting, followed by virulence gene screening and pathogenicity testing. Two strains of <em>Aeromonas</em> VH31, VH74, and two strains of <em>Edwardsiella ictaluri</em> VH83, VH116 were selected to formulate injectable autogenous oil-emulsion vaccines. Experimental trials included four groups of bivalent vaccines (VC-VH31/83, VC-VH31/116, VC-VH74/83, VC-VH74/116), one multivalent vaccine (VC-VHMix), and a PBS control, evaluated over 60 days. The multivalent vaccine conferred the highest relative percent survival (91.7%), while VC-VH31/83 and VC-VH31/116 showed moderate protection (66.7% and 70.8%, respectively). In contrast, VC-VH74/83 and VC-VH74/116 yielded minimal protection (12.5%). Serum IgM antibody analysis showed that the fish had an immune response to <em>Aeromonas</em> and <em>Edwardsiella</em> antigens after 15–30 days of vaccination in the vaccine injection treatments. The concentration of total WBCs, lymphocytes, and granulocytes in the blood of the fish increased and peaked after 45 days. Overall growth performance in the most effective vaccine groups (VC-VHMix, VC-VH31/83, VC-VH31/116) was not significantly affected compared to the control. These results demonstrate that autogenous vaccines are a promising approach to control dual infections of MAS and BNP in striped catfish and highlight their potential role in sustainable aquaculture disease management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 111177"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146104477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic potential of intraperitoneal miconazole nitrate against Saprolegnia parasitica in Labeo rohita under feeding refusal conditions","authors":"Mukta Singh ,&nbsp;Ratan Kumar Saha ,&nbsp;Himadri Saha","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fungal infections caused by <em>Saprolegnia parasitica</em> are a major concern in freshwater aquaculture, particularly during advanced stages of disease when affected fish often exhibit feeding refusal, rendering oral medication ineffective. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of intraperitoneally administered miconazole nitrate (MCZ) in <em>Labeo rohita</em> fingerlings under such critical conditions. The 96-h LD₅₀ of MCZ was determined to be 0.20 ± 0.13 mg kg⁻¹ body weight (BW). Three sub-lethal doses (0.01, 0.02, and 0.04 mg MCZ kg⁻¹ BW) were evaluated alongside a DMSO control over eight time points (0–240 h), analyzing haematological and immuno-biochemical parameters including erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit, Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), glucose, plasma ion concentrations, lysozyme activity, total protein, and respiratory burst activity. A dose-dependent physiological response was observed, with lower doses (especially 0.01 mg MCZ kg⁻¹ BW) exhibiting minimal adverse effects while enhancing immune indicators such as lysozyme and respiratory burst activity. Challenge trials with <em>S. parasitica</em> zoospores further confirmed higher survival and recovery in the low-dose group. These findings highlight the efficacy of injectable MCZ as a vital therapeutic alternative during feeding suppression, offering a targeted strategy for managing saprolegniasis in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 111167"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146100079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel stomach-predominant C-type lectin (LvnCTL) triggers immune response against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and WSSV in shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei","authors":"Shengwen Niu ,&nbsp;Ning Fu ,&nbsp;Yuyu Wang ,&nbsp;Mengxin Xing ,&nbsp;Meiling An ,&nbsp;Hongli Xu ,&nbsp;Bang Xiao ,&nbsp;Weiyan Song ,&nbsp;Yongqing Zeng ,&nbsp;Orlando Borras-Hidalgo ,&nbsp;Hui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>C-type lectins (CTLs) are members of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which can bind to carbohydrates on the surface of pathogens and take part in the immune response of shrimp. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel stomach-predominant C-type lectin (named LvnCTL) in <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em> (<em>L. vannamei</em>). LvnCTL consists of a signal peptide at the N-terminal and a typical C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) at the C-terminal. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that LvnCTL clusters into a distinct clade more closely related to vertebrate CTLs than to invertebrate CTLs. LvnCTL was highly expressed in the stomach, and its expression was significantly induced by immune stimuli and pathogen infections. Functional assays showed that silencing of LvnCTL enhanced the replication of <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), thereby increasing shrimp susceptibility. In contrast, recombinant LvnCTL effectively agglutinated both the Gram-negative bacterium <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> and the Gram-positive bacterium <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> in a Ca²⁺-dependent manner. Furthermore, LvnCTL silencing markedly altered the expression of immune-related genes, including antimicrobial peptides, cytokines, and prophenoloxidase (proPO) genes. Taken together, these findings suggest that LvnCTL plays a crucial role in the shrimp immune response to inhibit pathogen invasion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 111158"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146096966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study on hemolymph sampling methods: Monthly variations in hemocyte characteristics of farmed oyster Crassostrea corteziensis (Bivalvia: ostreidae)","authors":"Miguel Ángel Hurtado–Oliva ,&nbsp;Elena Palacios–Mechetnov","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immune bivalve mollusk response is closely related to environmental conditions (i.e. seawater temperature and salinity, availability and food quality); including routine handling that occurs during sea farming, such as manipulation for size sorting and cleaning epibionts from shells. Storage (hypoxia, dry conditions, etc.), transportation, and acclimatization to laboratory conditions of wild or reared organisms are also known to exert significant changes in bivalve mollusk immune cell responses. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to assess the effect of hemolymph withdrawal handled in two different conditions (field vs. laboratory) in monthly variations of both morphological and functional hemocyte characteristics in oyster <em>C. corteziensis</em>. Hemolymph samples were extracted from oysters immediately sampled at the farming site (field), and from oysters stored in dry-cold conditions and terrestrially transported during 2 h to the laboratory facilities. Total (THC) and differential (DHC) hemocyte counts, hemocyte mortality (HM), and anion superoxide production (ASO/hemocyte) were assessed in hemolymph samples obtained from oysters in both handled conditions (field vs. laboratory). Sea surface temperature (SST), salinity, pH, seston (total, inorganic, and organic particulate matter), and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) were monthly assessed in seawater samples. THC, DHC, HM, and ASO/hemocyte production were not different between hemolymph samples withdrawal from oysters handled in both conditions. All immune parameters assessed were significantly different between sampling dates, but most were not significantly correlated with physicochemical seawater parameters assessed, except THC and hyalinocyte count (HC), which were positively correlated with phytoplankton availability (i.e. Chl-a) that increased during winter, and granulocytes that increased with SST rise but negatively correlated with OCI, along with seston availability. HM decreased with THC and HC increase, suggesting a link with hemocyte proliferation but without compromising immune response. Hemocyte oxidative capacity (i.e. ASO/hemocyte) increased significantly with oyster condition, which coincided with the increase of phytoplankton availability (i.e. Chl-a). Although increasing energy allocation improves oyster physiological condition –including immune response– circulating hemocyte increased and their respective oxidative capacity were more likely to be due to a response to availability and consumption on certain toxin-producing phytoplankton species (dinoflagellates). Hemolymph withdrawal from oysters directly in field could be advantageous, mainly when no other tissues than immune cells and plasma are required to be analyzed, avoiding whole oyster transportation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 111153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146092607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Identification and functional characterization of cGAS and cGAS-like in snakehead Channa argus” [Fish Shellfish Immunol. 165 (2025) 110566]","authors":"Hong Qing Zhang ,&nbsp;Long Wei Cai ,&nbsp;Yu Hang Deng ,&nbsp;Meng Xin Yan ,&nbsp;Peng Fei Mu ,&nbsp;Bo Li ,&nbsp;Lan Hao Liu ,&nbsp;P. Nie","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 111149"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146085025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) exposure induces apoptosis and inflammation of gill in zebrafish (Danio rerio)","authors":"Dianyang Zhou ,&nbsp;Jianming Chen ,&nbsp;Tianyu Zheng ,&nbsp;Tianwei Hao ,&nbsp;Ping Han ,&nbsp;Yadong Xue ,&nbsp;Mingzhe Yuan ,&nbsp;Xubo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), a short-chain perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS), has been widely adopted as an alternative to regulated long-chain PFAS; however, its chronic ecotoxicological effects remain poorly understood. Herein, an integrated analysis combining transcriptomic, histopathological, and molecular approaches was performed to investigate the impacts of environmentally relevant PFBA exposure (1000 ng/L) on the gill tissue of zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>) over a 63 days post-exposure (dpe). A total of 120 zebrafish were randomly assigned to 4 groups (control, 7 dpe, 35 dpe, and 63 dpe groups), with 3 biological replicates (10 fish per tank) per group. The 1000 ng/L exposure concentration was selected based on published environmental PFBA monitoring data and preliminary dose-response trial results. Histopathological observations revealed progressive gill impairment, characterized by epithelial hyperplasia and tissue disintegration, with prolonged PFBA exposure. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated sustained dysregulation of genes associated with the nucleotide excision repair pathway, p53 signaling pathway, and apoptotic pathway throughout the exposure period. Molecular assays indicated that PFBA exposure significantly inhibited the expression of key DNA repair proteins (<em>tyms</em>, <em>fen1</em>, and <em>rad51b</em>); in silico molecular docking analyses predicted that PFBA may bind to the active sites of these proteins. Meanwhile, PFBA exposure coordinately upregulated the expression of <em>atm</em>, <em>p53</em>, <em>bax</em>, and <em>casp3</em> genes, while suppressing <em>bcl-2</em> expression, thereby activating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Additionally, PFBA exposure induced the activation of inflammatory factors, which further exacerbated gill tissue damage. TUNEL assays confirmed a time-dependent increase in apoptotic signals, which were strongly correlated with cumulative DNA damage. Collectively, our findings suggest a potential mechanistic link between chronic PFBA exposure and gill injury in zebrafish, mediated through the DNA damage-p53-apoptosis cascade. These results underscore the previously underestimated ecological risks posed by short-chain PFAS in aquatic ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 111164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146057337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medium-chain fatty acids as feed supplements on immune enhancement in sustainable aquaculture","authors":"Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar ,&nbsp;Majid Khanzadeh ,&nbsp;Zahra Nemati ,&nbsp;Marina Paolucci ,&nbsp;Hien Van Doan","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In terms of chemical structure, medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) have carbon chain lengths of 6–12 atoms. These fatty acids can be found in high amounts in natural sources such as coconut oil, palm kernel oil, and dairy products. Regarding the types of medium-chain fatty acids that received more attention, caproic acid (C6), caprylic acid (C8), capric acid (C10), and lauric acid (C12) can be mentioned. The metabolism of these acids in the bodies of aquatic animals is fast, and they have rapid absorption in the intestine. They reach the liver directly via the mesenteric vessels and the portal vein. In the liver, digestion processes like energy production occur. Studies conducted on aquatic animals showed beneficial effects of these fatty acids on growth performance, feed efficiency, and modulation of gut microbiota composition. Also, results confirm the beneficial effects of these functional feed additives on the antioxidant defence system and immune response in different aquatic species. The present review paper deals with the application and effects of MCFAs and their salts in aquaculture. The focus of this review was on their effects on growth performance, immunobiochemical responses, immune gene expression, and activities of antioxidant and digestive enzymes. Possible mechanisms of action of these fatty acids on the mentioned parameters and their effects on the improvement of resistance against pathogens were reviewed in detail. The aim of this paper is to show the potential of MCFAs for the health and production of aquatic species. In addition to the above cases, research gaps and the areas that need further studies are described in this review.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 111161"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146085038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CiLSM14Aa acts as a cytosolic dsRNA sensor to activate antiviral immunity against GCRV-II","authors":"Hui Jiang ,&nbsp;Chu Zhang ,&nbsp;Pengfei Li ,&nbsp;Yong-An Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiangmou Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The innate immune system relies on pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to detect viral pathogens and initiate antiviral responses. LSM14A, a conserved RNA-binding protein involved in mRNA metabolism, has recently emerged as a cytosolic nucleic acid sensor in vertebrates. However, its role in teleost immunity remains unclear. In this study, two LSM14A paralogs were identified in grass carp (<em>Ctenopharyngodon idella</em>), designated CiLSM14Aa and CiLSM14Ab, and their functions during infection with grass carp reovirus genotype II (GCRV-II) were investigated. Both CiLSM14Aa and CiLSM14Ab were significantly upregulated following GCRV-II infection or poly(I:C) stimulation. Overexpression of CiLSM14Aa or CiLSM14Ab inhibited GCRV-II replication and enhanced the expression of type I interferon and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Further analysis revealed that CiLSM14Aa and CiLSM14Ab can form homodimers and heterodimers. Notably, only CiLSM14Aa demonstrated direct binding to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), suggesting a specific role as a cytosolic dsRNA sensor. These results demonstrate the essential antiviral roles of CiLSM14A paralogs and reveal their contributions to the initiation of innate immune defenses against GCRV-II infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 111162"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146085048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}