Fish & shellfish immunology最新文献_第2页

Two CC motif chemokine 20-like genes differentially regulate leukocyte migration and survival via CC chemokine receptor 6 in ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) 两个CC基序趋化因子20样基因通过CC趋化因子受体6在阿育鱼中调控白细胞迁移和存活的差异。

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Fish & shellfish immunology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111176

Jia-Feng Cao , Yan Zhou , Li-Jun Duan , Shi-Li Shang , Qian-Jin Zhou , Jiong Chen

Chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) is a key mediator of inflammatory and homeostatic responses in mammal, acting through its receptor CC chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6). However, its functional roles in teleost fish remain poorly defined. In this study, we identified two CCL20-like genes (PaCCL20l1 and PaCCL20l2) from ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed their classification within the CCL20 subgroup. Tissue distribution analysis revealed ubiquitous expression of both genes, which were significantly upregulated in multiple tissues (liver, spleen, head kidney, gill, skin, and intestine) following infection with Vibrio anguillarum, albeit with distinct expression profiles. We produced the recombinant mature peptide of PaCCL20ls (rPaCCL20l1 and rPaCCL20l2) and generated specific antibodies. Functional assays demonstrated that both rPaCCL20l1 and rPaCCL20l2 exhibit chemotactic, and anti-apoptosis activities, but with differing cell specificities. rPaCCL20l1 attracted lymphocytes and neutrophils and inhibited lymphocyte apoptosis. In contrast, rPaCCL20l2 attracted monocytes/macrophages (MO/MΦ), lymphocytes, and neutrophils, and suppressed apoptosis in both MO/MΦ and lymphocytes. Crucially, neutralizing PaCCR6 completely abolished all effects of both rPaCCL20l1 and rPaCCL20l2. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that PaCCL20l1 and PaCCL20l2 play pivotal but distinct roles in ayu immunity by modulating leukocyte recruitment and survival via PaCCR6 pathway.

趋化因子配体20 （Chemokine ligand 20, CCL20）是哺乳动物炎症和稳态反应的关键介质，通过其受体CC趋化因子受体6 （Chemokine receptor 6, CCR6）起作用。然而，它在硬骨鱼中的功能作用仍然不明确。在这项研究中，我们从ayu （Plecoglossus altivelis）中鉴定了两个ccl20样基因paccl2011和PaCCL20l2。系统发育分析证实它们属于CCL20亚群。组织分布分析显示，这两个基因在感染鳗弧菌后的多个组织（肝、脾、头肾、鳃、皮肤和肠）中普遍表达，尽管表达谱不同。我们制备了重组PaCCL20ls成熟肽（rPaCCL20l1和rPaCCL20l2），并产生了特异性抗体。功能分析表明，rPaCCL20l1和rPaCCL20l2均表现出趋化和抗凋亡活性，但具有不同的细胞特异性。rpaccl2011吸引淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞，抑制淋巴细胞凋亡。相反，rPaCCL20l2吸引单核/巨噬细胞（MO/MΦ）、淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞，并抑制MO/MΦ和淋巴细胞的凋亡。关键是，中和PaCCR6完全消除了rPaCCL20l1和rPaCCL20l2的所有作用。总之，我们的研究结果表明，PaCCL20l1和PaCCL20l2通过PaCCR6途径调节白细胞募集和存活，在鱼免疫中发挥关键但不同的作用。

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引用次数: 0

CiLSM14Aa acts as a cytosolic dsRNA sensor to activate antiviral immunity against GCRV-II CiLSM14Aa作为胞质dsRNA传感器激活针对GCRV-II的抗病毒免疫。

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Fish & shellfish immunology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111162

Hui Jiang , Chu Zhang , Pengfei Li , Yong-An Zhang , Xiangmou Qin

The innate immune system relies on pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to detect viral pathogens and initiate antiviral responses. LSM14A, a conserved RNA-binding protein involved in mRNA metabolism, has recently emerged as a cytosolic nucleic acid sensor in vertebrates. However, its role in teleost immunity remains unclear. In this study, two LSM14A paralogs were identified in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), designated CiLSM14Aa and CiLSM14Ab, and their functions during infection with grass carp reovirus genotype II (GCRV-II) were investigated. Both CiLSM14Aa and CiLSM14Ab were significantly upregulated following GCRV-II infection or poly(I:C) stimulation. Overexpression of CiLSM14Aa or CiLSM14Ab inhibited GCRV-II replication and enhanced the expression of type I interferon and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Further analysis revealed that CiLSM14Aa and CiLSM14Ab can form homodimers and heterodimers. Notably, only CiLSM14Aa demonstrated direct binding to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), suggesting a specific role as a cytosolic dsRNA sensor. These results demonstrate the essential antiviral roles of CiLSM14A paralogs and reveal their contributions to the initiation of innate immune defenses against GCRV-II infection.

先天免疫系统依赖于模式识别受体（PRRs）来检测病毒病原体并启动抗病毒反应。LSM14A是一种参与mRNA代谢的保守rna结合蛋白，最近在脊椎动物中作为胞质核酸传感器被发现。然而，它在硬骨鱼免疫中的作用仍不清楚。本研究在草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idella）中鉴定出两个LSM14A同源物，分别命名为CiLSM14Aa和CiLSM14Ab，并研究了它们在感染草鱼呼肠孤病毒基因型II （GCRV-II）时的功能。在GCRV-II感染或poly（I:C）刺激后，CiLSM14Aa和CiLSM14Ab均显著上调。过表达CiLSM14Aa或CiLSM14Ab抑制GCRV-II复制，增强I型干扰素和干扰素刺激基因（ISGs）的表达。进一步分析发现，CiLSM14Aa和CiLSM14Ab可以形成同型二聚体和异源二聚体。值得注意的是，只有CiLSM14Aa显示直接结合双链RNA (dsRNA)，表明其作为细胞质dsRNA传感器的特殊作用。这些结果证明了CiLSM14A类似物的重要抗病毒作用，并揭示了它们对启动针对GCRV-II感染的先天免疫防御的贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Population-specific transcriptomics of Pacific oyster after exposure to a highly pathogenic, globally distributed virus 暴露于一种全球分布的高致病性病毒后的太平洋牡蛎种群特异性转录组学。

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Fish & shellfish immunology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111154

Bernarda Calla , Neil F. Thompson , Colleen A. Burge

Disease outbreaks in marine invertebrates, particularly in cultivated species, have increased as stressful environmental conditions become more frequent. The Ostreid herpesvirus and its microvariants have caused substantial mortalities in Pacific oysters globally, heavily impacting aquaculture production in localities where the virus becomes established. This study investigates the molecular response of Pacific oysters to OsHV-1 μVar infection in two oyster populations: a population of Miyagi oysters, and a population of Midori oysters. Although viral infection elicited a general and significant up-regulation of antiviral defense transcripts that was very similar in both populations and that included RIG-I like receptors and the interferon-like pathway, gene-wise clustering analyses clearly differentiated both populations. Among differences between Midori and Miyagi were several immunity-related genes and histone-coding genes that indicated possible pre-transcriptional mechanisms of gene regulation influencing disease outcomes. Among other differences, genes encoding for viral sensing proteins (SAMD9 and NFX-1 zinc finger) showed higher basal and infection-induced expression in Midori, whereas Miyagi oysters exhibited greater up-regulation of ubiquitination pathways. We also compared the general response of Pacific oysters to different OsHV-1 μVars strains, concluding that there is no marked difference between the oyster response to a U.S. OsHV-1 μVar compared to an Australian μVar. These results are important for future work that focuses on developing Pacific oysters that are tolerant to OsHV-1 μVars and to develop additional management strategies to prevent the spread of this viral disease.

海洋无脊椎动物，特别是养殖物种的疾病爆发，随着紧张的环境条件变得更加频繁而增加。牡蛎疱疹病毒及其微变异已在全球范围内造成太平洋牡蛎大量死亡，严重影响该病毒形成地区的水产养殖生产。本研究在宫城牡蛎和Midori牡蛎两个牡蛎种群中研究了太平洋牡蛎对OsHV-1 μVar感染的分子反应。尽管病毒感染引起抗病毒防御转录物的普遍和显著上调，这在两个群体中非常相似，包括rig - 1样受体和干扰素样途径，但基因聚类分析清楚地区分了两个群体。Midori和Miyagi之间的差异在于一些免疫相关基因和组蛋白编码基因，这些基因调控可能影响疾病结局的转录前机制。在其他差异中，编码病毒传感蛋白的基因（SAMD9和NFX-1锌指）在Midori牡蛎中表现出更高的基础和感染诱导表达，而宫城牡蛎则表现出更大的泛素化途径上调。我们还比较了太平洋牡蛎对不同OsHV-1 μVar菌株的总体反应，结论是牡蛎对美国OsHV-1 μVar的反应与对澳大利亚OsHV-1 μVar的反应没有显著差异。这些结果对于未来开发耐受OsHV-1 μVars的太平洋牡蛎和制定其他管理策略以防止这种病毒性疾病的传播具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

The role of VxrB in Vibrio harveyi and evaluation of a VxrB knock-out as a vaccine candidate VxrB在哈维弧菌中的作用及VxrB敲除作为候选疫苗的评价

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Fish & shellfish immunology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111186

Yinhui Peng , Xin Lu , Ming Liu , Shuo Hu , Lulu Liu , Renjie Li , LuJia Yang , Xiaohui Cai , Shuanghu Cai

Vibrio harveyi is a major bacterial pathogen in marine aquaculture and can cause serious disease outbreaks in fish and invertebrates. Two-component systems help bacteria sense environmental change and adjust gene expression, including genes linked to virulence. VxrB is a response regulator that has been connected to virulence control in other Vibrio species, but its role in V. harveyi is not well defined. In this study, we deleted VxrB in a virulent V. harveyi strain and named the mutant VHΔVxrB. We compared it with the wild-type strain (W-VH) using in vitro assays, gene expression analysis, and infection and vaccination tests in pearl gentian grouper. Deleting VxrB did not change cell morphology by Gram staining or scanning electron microscopy. However, VHΔVxrB grew more slowly and showed reduced hemolytic activity, while swarming motility increased. RT-qPCR showed that VxrB deletion reduced expression of several virulence-associated genes and lowered expression of the type VI secretion system (T6SS) genes hcp and vgrG. In fish, VHΔVxrB was less virulent than W-VH, with an LD50 of 1.45 × 10⁸ CFU/mL compared with 4.88 × 10⁷ CFU/mL for the wild type. We also tested VHΔVxrB as a live attenuated vaccine. Vaccinated fish had higher survival after homologous challenge, with an RPS of 68.75%, and showed no obvious histopathological lesions. Vaccination increased spleen expression of mhc-Iα, myd88, and il-10. Together, these results show that VxrB supports virulence-related programs in V. harveyi and that VHΔVxrB is a promising attenuated vaccine candidate for pearl gentian grouper.

哈韦氏弧菌是海洋水产养殖中的一种主要细菌病原体，可引起鱼类和无脊椎动物的严重疾病暴发。双组分系统帮助细菌感知环境变化并调节基因表达，包括与毒力相关的基因。VxrB是一种反应调节因子，与其他弧菌物种的毒力控制有关，但其在哈维弧菌中的作用尚不明确。在这项研究中，我们在一株强毒的哈维氏V.菌株中删除了VxrB，并将其命名为VHΔVxrB。我们将其与野生型菌株（W-VH）进行了体外实验、基因表达分析、感染和接种试验。通过革兰氏染色和扫描电镜观察，删除VxrB未改变细胞形态。然而，VHΔVxrB生长较慢，溶血活性降低，而蜂群运动性增加。RT-qPCR结果显示，VxrB缺失降低了多个毒力相关基因的表达，降低了VI型分泌系统（T6SS）基因hcp和vgrG的表达。在鱼类中，VHΔVxrB的毒性低于W-VH，其LD50为1.45×108 CFU/mL，而野生型为4.88×107 CFU/mL。我们还测试了VHΔVxrB作为减毒活疫苗。免疫后的鱼在同源攻毒后存活率较高，RPS为68.75%，且未出现明显的组织病理学病变。接种疫苗可增加脾脏mhc-Iα、myd88和il-10的表达。总之，这些结果表明VxrB支持V. harveyi的毒力相关程序，并且VHΔVxrB是一种有希望的珍珠龙胆石斑鱼减毒候选疫苗。

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引用次数: 0

The μ-class glutathione S-transferase (SbGSTμ) involved in immune defense and detoxification in the ark shell Scapharca broughtonii μ级谷胱甘肽s -转移酶（SbGSTμ）参与了方舟壳Scapharca broughtonii的免疫防御和解毒。

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Fish & shellfish immunology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111188

Guangming Zhang , Yonghuan Huang , Zhuanzhuan Li , Peizhen Ma , Xiujun Sun , Liqing Zhou , Zhihong Liu , Biao Wu

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) constitute a superfamily of multifunctional detoxification isoenzymes that play essential roles in innate immunity. In this study, a μ-class GST gene was identified from Scapharca broughtonii (designated SbGSTμ) using the RACE approach. The full-length cDNA of SbGSTμ is 1040 bp and encodes a cytosolic protein of 215 amino acids. Sequence analysis revealed that SbGSTμ contains conserved structural features characteristic of the μ-class GST family, including an N-terminal thioredoxin-like domain with glutathione (GSH)-binding sites and a C-terminal domain harboring substrate-binding sites. Tissue distribution analysis showed that SbGSTμ is ubiquitously expressed across all examined tissues, with the highest expression level detected in the foot. Upon challenge with Staphylococcus aureus or Vibrio anguillarum, or exposure to Cu²⁺, SbGSTμ mRNA expression was significantly upregulated compared to controls. Recombinant SbGSTμ protein was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and functionally characterized. The enzyme exhibited optimal activity at temperatures between 30 °C and 40 °C and at pH 7.4. Furthermore, benzo [a]pyrene exposure assays demonstrated the detoxification capacity of SbGSTμ through a significant reduction in 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels. Collectively, these findings support the classical role of GSTs in xenobiotic detoxification while providing evidence for their involvement in immunological host defense mechanisms in the ark shell S. broughtonii.

谷胱甘肽s -转移酶（GSTs）是一个多功能解毒同工酶超家族，在先天免疫中发挥重要作用。本研究利用RACE方法从Scapharca broughtonii （Scapharca broughtonii）中鉴定出一个μ级GST基因，命名为SbGSTμ。SbGSTμ全长1040 bp，编码215个氨基酸的胞质蛋白。序列分析表明，SbGSTμ具有μ类GST家族的保守结构特征，包括一个含有谷胱甘肽（GSH）结合位点的n端硫氧还蛋白样结构域和一个含有底物结合位点的c端结构域。组织分布分析表明，SbGSTμ在所有检测组织中普遍表达，其中足部表达量最高。在金黄色葡萄球菌或鳗弧菌攻击或暴露于Cu2+时，SbGSTμ mRNA的表达与对照组相比显著上调。重组SbGSTμ蛋白在大肠杆菌中成功表达、纯化并进行功能表征。该酶在温度为30 ~ 40℃，pH为7.4时表现出最佳活性。此外，苯并[a]芘暴露试验表明，SbGSTμ通过显著降低8-羟基-2'-脱氧鸟苷（8-OHdG）水平，具有解毒能力。总的来说，这些发现支持了GSTs在外源解毒中的经典作用，同时为它们参与方舟壳S. broughtonii的免疫宿主防御机制提供了证据。

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引用次数: 0

Characterization of Toll-like receptor 22 in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus): Recognition of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria 斑纹鲶鱼toll样受体22的鉴定：革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌的识别。

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Fish & shellfish immunology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111203

Thanh-Tan Nguyen , Hieu Tran-Van

Toll-like receptor 22 (TLR22) in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus is a key component of the fish innate immune system, responsible for recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). However, its bacterial recognition mechanisms remain largely unexplored, particularly in striped catfish. In this study, four recombinant subunits of TLR22 - TLR22 (LRR1-17), TLR22 (LRR1-13), TLR22 (LRR1-10), and TLR22 (LRR1-4) - were successfully produced in Escherichia coli SHuffle® T7 Express, and protein expression was confirmed via SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. Dot blot and ELISA assays were employed to evaluate bacterial-binding activity against Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Among the subunits, TLR22 (LRR1–4) exhibited the strongest binding affinity, particularly toward Gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, pre-blocking bacterial peptidoglycan with mouse serum significantly reduced TLR22 (LRR1-4) binding, indicating a likely peptidoglycan-mediated interaction. These findings provide the first experimental evidence that striped catfish TLR22 can recognize both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, broadening current understanding of its ligand recognition spectrum. This study highlights the potential role of TLR22 in bacterial immune detection and establishes a foundation for further investigations into the molecular mechanisms of fish innate immunity.

下眼Pangasianodon toll样受体22 （TLR22）是鱼类先天免疫系统的关键组成部分，负责识别病原体相关分子模式（PAMPs）。然而，它的细菌识别机制在很大程度上仍未被探索，特别是在条纹鲶鱼中。本研究在大肠杆菌SHuffle®T7 Express中成功构建了TLR22重组亚基TLR22（LRR1-17）、TLR22（LRR1-13）、TLR22（LRR1-10）和TLR22(LRR1-4) -，并通过SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析证实了蛋白表达。采用斑点斑点法和酶联免疫吸附试验评价其对大肠杆菌、嗜水气单胞菌、无乳链球菌和植物乳杆菌的结合活性。在这些亚基中，TLR22 （LRR1-4）表现出最强的结合亲和力，特别是对革兰氏阳性菌。此外，预先阻断细菌肽聚糖与小鼠血清可显著降低TLR22（LRR1-4）的结合，表明可能存在肽聚糖介导的相互作用。这些发现为条纹鲶鱼TLR22能够识别革兰氏阴性和革兰氏阳性细菌提供了第一个实验证据，拓宽了目前对其配体识别谱的认识。本研究突出了TLR22在细菌免疫检测中的潜在作用，为进一步研究鱼类先天免疫的分子机制奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Acetylation-mediated regulation of immune function and antibacterial activity of rhamnose-binding lectin in Pinctada fucata martensii 乙酰化介导的鼠李糖结合凝集素对马氏平锥虫免疫功能和抗菌活性的调节。

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Fish & shellfish immunology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111200

Qiyuan Zhang , Runlin Lei , Chuanjie Liu , Haiying Liang , Chaojie Li , Zixi He

Pinctada fucata martensii is the primary pearl-producing bivalve species in China. However, immune rejection following transplantation reduces pearl formation rates and yields. Previous acetylome analysis revealed elevated acetylation levels at lysine residues K91 and K159 of the rhamnose-binding lectin (PmRBL) in gill tissue after implantation. To investigate its immunoregulatory role, a recombinant mutant protein (rPmKQL), mimicking acetylation at these sites, was generated through site-directed mutagenesis. Both wild-type rPmRBL and rPmKQL were injected into nucleus-transplanted P. f. martensii, followed by assessment of immune-related gene expression, immune enzyme activities, and gill cell apoptosis. In vitro, we evaluated the antibacterial and agglutination activities of rPmKQL. The acetylation mimic significantly reduced PmRBL transcript levels and altered the time-dependent expression of NF-κB pathway genes (IRAK-1, TRAF-3, NF-κB, and IKK) and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-17). Furthermore, rPmKQL significantly enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) at 12 h post-injection, and increased AKP activity at later stages, suggesting improved antioxidant and immune capabilities. Both proteins induced gill cell apoptosis, with no significant difference between the two groups. In vitro, rPmKQL exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and stronger agglutination activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and S. aureus, but reduced activity against certain Gram-negative bacteria. Collectively, these results suggest that acetylation at K91/K159 modulates PmRBL function in P. f. martensii, providing mechanistic insight into immune regulation and informing strategies for breeding disease-resistant bivalves.

fucata martensii是中国产珍珠的主要双壳类。然而，移植后的免疫排斥反应降低了珍珠的形成速度和产量。先前的乙酰化分析显示，鼠李糖结合凝集素（PmRBL）的赖氨酸残基K91和K159在植入后的鳃组织中乙酰化水平升高。为了研究其免疫调节作用，通过位点定向诱变产生了一个重组突变蛋白（rPmKQL），模仿这些位点的乙酰化。将野生型rPmRBL和rPmKQL注射到移植核的马氏p.f . martensii中，随后评估免疫相关基因表达、免疫酶活性和鳃细胞凋亡。体外研究了rPmKQL的抗菌和凝集活性。乙酰化模拟显著降低PmRBL转录水平，改变NF-κB途径基因（IRAK-1、TRAF-3、NF-κB和IKK）和炎症因子（TNF-α和IL-17）的时间依赖性表达。此外，rPmKQL在注射后12 h显著提高了超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、酸性磷酸酶（ACP）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC），并在后期提高了AKP活性，提示抗氧化能力和免疫能力的提高。两种蛋白均诱导鳃细胞凋亡，两组间差异无统计学意义。在体外，rPmKQL对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性增强，对铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的凝集活性增强，但对某些革兰氏阴性菌的抑菌活性降低。综上所述，这些结果表明K91/K159的乙酰化可以调节马氏p.f. martensii的PmRBL功能，为免疫调节提供了机制，并为培育抗病双壳类提供了策略。

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引用次数: 0

Bacillus subtilis spores influence the capacity of rainbow trout leukocytes to respond to a posterior viral encounter 枯草芽孢杆菌孢子影响虹鳟鱼白细胞对后缘病毒遭遇的反应能力

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Fish & shellfish immunology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111207

Samuel Vicente-Gil , Esther Morel , Bárbara Guedes , Gabriela Gonçalves , Rafaela Santos , Silvia Nogales-Mérida , Claudia Serra , Patricia Díaz-Rosales , Carolina Tafalla

Although the positive effects of probiotics on the general immune status of aquacultured fish has been widely demonstrated using different probiotic strains and fish species, whether probiotics specifically stimulate antiviral responses has only been scarcely addressed. To provide more insights into this matter, we have investigated the capacity of Bacillus subtilis to modulate the transcription of a range on genes related to antiviral responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) through two independent experiments. In the first one, fish were fed a B. subtilis-supplemented diet or a control diet and after 15 or 45 days the levels of transcription of these genes evaluated in kidney and spleen. In the second experiment, fish were fed either of the diets and after 30 days, sacrificed and kidney and spleen leukocytes isolated. These leukocytes were then exposed in vitro to either Poly I:C (an analogue of double stranded RNA) or inactivated viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VSHV) (or left untreated). After 24 h of incubation, RNA was extracted from these cultures and the levels of transcription of the antiviral genes analyzed. Our results demonstrate that although the supplemented diet had a faint direct effect on the levels of transcription of these genes in spleen and kidney, it significantly increased the transcriptional response of leukocytes to posterior viral stimuli, pointing to the second method as a more suitable approach to screen for antiviral effects and providing novel insights on the capacity of this probiotic strain to up-regulate antiviral responses.

虽然益生菌对水产养殖鱼类的总体免疫状态的积极作用已被广泛证明，但益生菌是否特异性地刺激抗病毒反应却很少得到解决。为了进一步了解这一问题，我们通过两个独立的实验研究了枯草芽孢杆菌调节虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）抗病毒反应相关基因转录的能力。在第一个实验中，鱼被喂食添加枯草芽孢杆菌的饲料或对照组饲料，在15天和45天后，评估这些基因在肾脏和脾脏中的转录水平。在第二个试验中，分别饲喂两种饲料中的一种，30 d后处死，分离肾和脾白细胞。然后将这些白细胞在体外暴露于Poly I:C（双链RNA的类似物）或灭活的病毒性出血性败血症病毒（VSHV）（或不进行治疗）。孵育24小时后，从这些培养物中提取RNA并分析抗病毒基因的转录水平。我们的研究结果表明，虽然补充饮食对脾脏和肾脏中这些基因的转录水平有微弱的直接影响，但它显著增加了白细胞对后路病毒刺激的转录反应，这表明第二种方法是更适合筛选抗病毒效果的方法，并为这种益生菌菌株上调抗病毒反应的能力提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated immune responses in Manila clam: Antimicrobial activity, immune-related enzymes activity and gene expression profiles following Vibrio anguillarum challenge 马尼拉蛤的综合免疫反应：抗微生物活性，免疫相关酶活性和基因表达谱在鳗弧菌攻击后。

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Fish & shellfish immunology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111166

Yongchao Li, Tianshuo Huang, Pengxiang Lin, Jie Yu, Hongtao Nie

This study examines the innate immune response of the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) to Vibrio anguillarum infection. Clams were experimentally challenged with V. anguillarum, and samples were collected at different time to assess hemocyte counts, antibacterial and bacteriolytic activity, acid phosphatase (ACP) and lysozyme (LZM) activity, and expression of immune-related genes (CTL-3, Defensin, NFκB1, IκBα, TNF-αL, IL17). Results showed a significant increase in total hemocyte count after V. anguillarum challenge. Antibacterial activity in hemolymph peaked at 6 h post challenge (hpc) with a 2.2-fold increase, while bacteriolytic activity reached 2.4-fold at 24 hpc. ACP activity in hepatopancreas and gills peaked at 12 hpc (1.3- and 1.6-fold increases), and LZM activity peaked at 6 hpc (1.4- and 1.5-fold). Gene expression was dynamically upregulated in a tissue-specific manner, with key genes such as CTL-3, Defensin, and NFκB1 showing early peaks in hepatopancreas. The concentration of TNF-α and IL17 also rose significantly after V. anguillarum challenge. The concentration of TNF-α showed a significant difference from the control group at 6–72 hpc (P < 0.05), and the concentration of IL17 showed a significant difference from the control group at 24–72 hpc (P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that V. anguillarum induces a rapid and integrated immune response in Manila clam, involving both cellular and humoral components, and provide new insights into bivalves innate immunity.

本研究探讨马尼拉蛤（Ruditapes philippinarum）对鳗弧菌感染的先天免疫反应。研究人员对蛤蜊进行了实验挑战，并在一段时间内收集样本，以评估血细胞计数、抗菌和溶菌活性、酸性磷酸酶（ACP）和溶菌酶（LZM）活性以及免疫相关基因（CTL-3、防御素、NFκB1、IκBα、TNF-αL、il - 17）的表达。结果显示，攻毒后总血细胞计数显著增加。血淋巴的抑菌活性在攻毒后6 h达到峰值，增加2.2倍，而在攻毒后24 h溶菌活性达到2.4倍。肝胰腺和鱼鳃ACP活性在12 hpc时达到峰值，分别增加1.3倍和1.6倍；LZM活性在6 hpc时达到峰值，分别增加1.4倍和1.5倍。基因表达以组织特异性的方式动态上调，关键基因如CTL-3、Defensin和NFκB1在肝胰腺中出现早期峰值。攻毒后TNF-α和il - 17的浓度也显著升高。6-72 hpc时TNF-α浓度与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）， 24-72 hpc时il - 17浓度与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。这些发现表明，V. anguillarum在马尼拉蛤中诱导了快速和综合的免疫反应，包括细胞和体液成分，并为双壳类先天免疫提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative analysis reveals the diverse immune responses of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei post different pathogen-associated molecular patterns stimulation 对比分析表明，在不同病原体相关分子模式刺激下，凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）的免疫应答存在差异。

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Fish & shellfish immunology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111185

Yiming Xu , Rong Fan , Peiyu Yan , Mengqiang Wang

Bacterial disease is the principal threat to farmed Litopenaeus vannamei, and outbreaks inflict heavy economic losses. Understanding the immune response mechanisms triggered by distinct pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) will furnish a theoretical foundation and technical support for the precise prevention and control of bacterial diseases. In this study, three experimental groups were established and injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN), or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), respectively. The results showed that both the two PAMPs damaged the hepatopancreas, midgut, muscle, and gills, with the hepatopancreas suffering more severe lesions in the LPS group. In hepatopancreas homogenates, LPS stimulation significantly increased alkaline-phosphatase (AKP) and lysozyme (LZM) activities and significantly reduced total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), whereas PGN stimulation significantly elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. In the hepatopancreas, 1253 and 182 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected post LPS and PGN stimulation, respectively. Further analysis on DEGs showed that LPS mainly activated innate immune defenses, whereas PGN tended to regulate metabolism and cellular repair to avoid excessive immunity. Overall, histopathological observations in the hepatopancreas, midgut, muscle, and gills, together with hepatopancreatic immune-enzyme activities and hepatopancreas transcriptomic profiling, indicate that LPS strongly induces innate immunity and oxidative stress, causing more severe tissue damage, while PGN elicits a more conservative immune modulation that balances the immune response and tissue protection, thereby lessening overall injury.

细菌性疾病是对养殖的凡纳滨对虾的主要威胁，暴发会造成严重的经济损失。了解不同病原体相关分子模式（pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs）引发的免疫反应机制，将为细菌性疾病的精准防控提供理论基础和技术支持。本研究建立3个实验组，分别注射脂多糖（LPS）、肽聚糖（PGN）和磷酸盐缓冲盐水（PBS）。结果显示，两种PAMPs均对肝胰脏、中肠、肌肉和鳃造成损伤，且LPS组肝胰脏损伤更为严重。在肝胰腺均质液中，LPS刺激显著提高了碱性磷酸酶（AKP）和溶菌酶（LZM）活性，显著降低了总抗氧化能力（T-AOC），而PGN刺激显著提高了超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性。在肝胰腺中，LPS和PGN刺激后分别检测到1253个和182个差异表达基因（deg）。进一步对DEGs的分析表明，LPS主要激活先天免疫防御，而PGN则倾向于调节代谢和细胞修复以避免过度免疫。总体而言，肝胰腺、中肠、肌肉和鳃的组织病理学观察，以及肝胰腺免疫酶活性和肝胰腺转录组学分析表明，LPS强烈诱导先天免疫和氧化应激，导致更严重的组织损伤，而PGN引发更保守的免疫调节，平衡免疫反应和组织保护，从而减轻整体损伤。

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引用次数: 0