Fish & shellfish immunology最新文献_第10页

Sulforaphane attenuates HFD-induced enteritis in yellow river carp by restoring immune homeostasis, repairing intestinal barrier, and modulating gut microbiota 萝卜硫素通过恢复免疫稳态、修复肠道屏障和调节肠道菌群来减轻黄河鲤口蹄疫诱导的肠炎。

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Fish & shellfish immunology

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111125

Lu Wang , Bingke Wang , Jiaxiang Zhu , Qi Zhang , Yuxuan Cui , Huajuan Shi , Chunnuan Zhang

High-fat diets (HFD) exacerbate intestinal health risks in aquaculture. This study evaluated effects of dietary sulforaphane (SFN) supplementation on intestinal morphology, biochemistry, microbiota, and metabolism in Yellow River carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus) fed HFD. Five isoprotein diets diets were formulated: control (CN, 6 % lipid), HFD (12.29 % lipid), and HFD with 10 (HS10), 15 (HS15), or 20 (HS20) mg/kg SFN. Results demonstrated that HFD induced marked intestinal inflammation featuring villi deformation, oxidative stress, epithelial exfoliation, mitochondrial swelling, significantly elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α/IL-1β/IL-6; p < 0.05), and downregulated tight junction protein genes (Occludin/ZO-1/Claudin-3; p < 0.05), concomitant with microbial dysbiosis (Proteobacteria dominance>70 %, reduced Cetobacterium) and disrupted metabolic pathways (amino acid imbalance). SFN supplementation significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD/CAT/GSH-Px, p < 0.05), peaking in HS15, which also exhibited minimized pro-inflammatory cytokines and maximized tight junction expression (p < 0.05). Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the gut microbiota indicated that SFN restored microbial homeostasis, notably by increasing the abundance of Cetobacterium. Metabolomic analysis based on KEGG enrichment revealed that these beneficial effects were associated with the activation of FoxO signaling, enhanced lysosomal function, and upregulation of coenzyme A biosynthesis. Critically, HS15 demonstrated optimal efficacy across all parameters. Therefore, 15 mg/kg SFN is identified as the optimal dose to ameliorate intestinal health in Yellow River carp, providing a theoretical basis for functional aquafeed development.

高脂肪饲料（HFD）加剧了水产养殖业的肠道健康风险。本研究评价了饲料中添加萝卜硫素（SFN）对饲喂高通量饲料的黄河鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio haematopterus）肠道形态、生化、微生物群和代谢的影响。配制5种同蛋白饲料：对照组（CN， 6%脂质）、高脂饲料（12.29%脂质）和添加10 （HS10）、15 （HS15）和20 (HS20) mg/kg SFN的高脂饲料。结果表明，HFD诱导了明显的肠道炎症，表现为绒毛变形、氧化应激、上皮脱落、线粒体肿胀，促炎细胞因子（TNF-α/IL-1β/IL-6; p70%， Cetobacterium减少）显著升高，代谢途径中断（氨基酸失衡）。添加SFN显著提高了抗氧化酶活性(SOD/CAT/GSH-Px, p

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引用次数: 0

Dietary silymarin improves gut–liver health by enhancing intestinal barrier integrity and modulating TLR4/NF-κB and NLRP3-mediated inflammatory responses in Aeromonas hydrophila–infected grass carp 饲粮中添加水飞蓟素通过增强肠道屏障完整性和调节嗜水气单胞菌感染草鱼的TLR4/NF-κB和nlrp3介导的炎症反应来改善肠-肝健康。

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Fish & shellfish immunology

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111135

Feng Jia , Li Wei , Wei-Dan Jiang , Pei Wu , Yang Liu , Yao-Bin Ma , Hong-Yun Zhang , Xiao-Wan Jin , Hong-Mei Ren , Xiao-Qiu Zhou , Lin Feng

Bacterial infections compromise fish physiological homeostasis by impairing barrier function and metabolic organs, posing a persistent challenge in intensive aquaculture. Silymarin (SLM) is a plant-derived flavonoid complex obtained from Silybum marianum, widely recognized for its multifunctional pharmacological and bioactivity. However, its regulatory role under stress induced by bacterial pathogens in aquatic animals remains poorly understood. This study explored the impact and potential mechanisms of dietary SLM on intestinal barrier function and liver protection in juvenile grass carp. Fish (24.2 ± 0.1 g) were randomly assigned to six groups and fed diets containing 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, or 100 mg/kg SLM for 70 days. Subsequently, the fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) for 6 days. Optimal SLM supplementation (1) alleviated intestinal damage by upregulating tight junction proteins and downregulating myosin light chain kinase (MLCK); (2) reduced liver pro-inflammatory cytokines, inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation, and suppressed activation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) signaling pathway; (3) mitigated liver inflammation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of key nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway proteins and downregulating nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome components; (4) decreased liver oxidative stress while enhancing antioxidant capacity and improving liver function; and (5) modulated gene expression related to metabolic enzymes and transporters in the intestine and liver. Dietary SLM improved gut–liver health by supporting barrier function, reducing inflammation, and enhancing metabolic and antioxidant responses, indicating its promise for nutritional use in aquaculture.

细菌感染通过损害屏障功能和代谢器官来破坏鱼类的生理稳态，对集约化水产养殖构成了持续的挑战。水飞蓟素（Silymarin， SLM）是从水飞蓟中提取的一种植物源性类黄酮复合物，因其具有多种药理和生物活性而被广泛认可。然而，它在水生动物细菌病原体诱导的应激下的调节作用仍然知之甚少。本研究旨在探讨饲料中添加SLM对草鱼幼鱼肠道屏障功能和肝脏保护的影响及其可能机制。试验鱼（24.2±0.1 g）随机分为6组，分别饲喂含0、20、40、60、80和100 mg/kg SLM的饲料，试验期70 d。随后，用嗜水气单胞菌攻毒6天。优化的SLM添加量(1)通过上调紧密连接蛋白和下调肌球蛋白轻链激酶（MLCK）来减轻肠道损伤；(2)降低肝脏促炎细胞因子，抑制脂多糖（LPS）易位，抑制toll样受体4 (TLR4)/髓样分化因子88 （MyD88）信号通路的激活；(3)通过抑制关键核因子κB （NF-κB）和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）途径蛋白的磷酸化和下调核苷酸结合寡聚结构域样受体蛋白3 （NLRP3）炎性小体成分，减轻肝脏炎症；(4)降低肝脏氧化应激，增强抗氧化能力，改善肝功能；(5)调节肠道和肝脏代谢酶和转运体相关基因的表达。饲粮SLM通过支持屏障功能、减少炎症、增强代谢和抗氧化反应来改善肠道-肝脏健康，表明其在水产养殖中的营养应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

CXCL20a promotes the immune protection of an inactivated vaccine against grass carp reovirus infection in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) CXCL20a促进草鱼呼肠孤病毒灭活疫苗对草鱼感染的免疫保护作用。

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Fish & shellfish immunology

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111140

Yizhong Lu , Shijie Wang , Yuezong Xu , Bo Tang , Guanyu Chen , Jianguo Su , Chunrong Yang

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is frequently threatened by hemorrhagic disease caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV) infection in aquaculture. Vaccination represents a crucial strategy for preventing this infectious disease, where adjuvants play a pivotal role in enhancing vaccine efficacy. This study evaluated the chemokine CXCL20a as a molecular adjuvant to boost the immunogenicity of an inactivated GCRV vaccine. A CXCL20a fusion protein (rC20) was prepared and purified, and a tag-free form (Tf-rC20) was obtained after TrxA tag removal. Five experimental groups were established: PBS control, vaccine alone, rC20 alone, and vaccine combined with rC20 and Tf-rC20 in separate groups. The vaccine-alone group showed a 60 % survival rate, which increased to 74 % and 78 % in the Vac + rC20 and Vac + Tf-rC20 groups, respectively. Tf-rC20 showed slightly higher efficacy than rC20, although the difference was limited. Viral load quantification and splenic histopathology further confirmed that combined immunization suppressed viral replication and alleviated tissue damage. Serum immune parameters analyses revealed that combined immunization significantly enhanced the activities of lysozyme, total superoxide dismutase, and complement component C3, suggesting a potentiation of non-specific immunity. qRT-PCR results showed significant upregulation of immune-related genes, including IFN1, IL-6, Mx2, and IgM, in immune tissues, indicating that CXCL20a promoted both innate and adaptive immune responses. These results collectively demonstrate that the recombinant CXCL20a protein, functioning as a molecular adjuvant, can synergize with the inactivated vaccine to significantly enhance protective immunity against GCRV in grass carp, providing a promising candidate for the development of novel adjuvants in fish vaccines.

草鱼呼肠孤病毒（GCRV）感染引起的出血性疾病是养殖业中草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idella）的常见威胁。疫苗接种是预防这种传染病的关键策略，其中佐剂在增强疫苗效力方面发挥关键作用。本研究评估了趋化因子CXCL20a作为分子佐剂增强灭活GCRV疫苗的免疫原性。制备并纯化了CXCL20a融合蛋白（rC20），去除TrxA标签后得到无标签形式（Tf-rC20）。实验组分为PBS对照组、单独接种疫苗组、单独接种rC20组、疫苗与rC20、Tf-rC20联合接种5组。单独接种疫苗组的存活率为60%，而Vac+rC20组和Vac+Tf-rC20组的存活率分别提高到74%和78%。Tf-rC20的疗效略高于rC20，但差异有限。病毒载量定量和脾组织病理学进一步证实联合免疫抑制病毒复制，减轻组织损伤。血清免疫参数分析显示，联合免疫显著提高了溶菌酶、总超氧化物歧化酶和补体成分C3的活性，提示非特异性免疫增强。qRT-PCR结果显示免疫组织中IFN1、IL-6、Mx2、IgM等免疫相关基因显著上调，表明CXCL20a促进了先天和适应性免疫反应。综上所示，重组CXCL20a蛋白作为一种分子佐剂，可与草鱼灭活疫苗协同作用，显著增强草鱼对GCRV的保护性免疫，为开发新型鱼疫苗佐剂提供了前景。

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引用次数: 0

Japanese eel SOCS1 suppresses MyD88-mediated NF-κB activation: implications for negative regulation of innate immunity in teleosts 日本鳗鱼SOCS1抑制myd88介导的NF-κB激活：对硬骨鱼先天免疫负调控的影响

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Fish & shellfish immunology

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111138

Tianyu Wang , Peng Lin , Yilei Wang , Luis O.B. Afonso , Jianjun Feng

Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) is a pivotal negative regulator of cytokine-mediated signaling in mammals, yet its role in teleost fish immunity remains poorly understood. In this study, we cloned and characterized the full-length SOCS1 cDNA from Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica), which encodes a 203-amino acid protein containing a conserved SH2 domain and SOCS box. Phylogenetic analysis placed AjSOCS1 within the teleost clade, showing high conservation with other vertebrate SOCS1 homologs. AjSOCS1 was ubiquitously expressed across tissues, with the highest levels in intestine and immune-related organs. Its transcription was significantly induced both in vivo (lipopolysaccharide [LPS], polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], Aeromonas hydrophila) and in vitro (pathogen-associated molecular patterns [PAMPs] and bacterial infection), highlighting responsiveness to bacterial and viral stimuli. Subcellular localization analysis demonstrated that AjSOCS1 is cytoplasmic, consistent with its role in intracellular signaling regulation. Functional assays using a dual-luciferase reporter system revealed that AjSOCS1 strongly suppressed NF-κB activation under basal conditions, as well as during MyD88-, LPS-, and poly(I:C)-induced stimulation, and overexpression of AjSOCS1 resulted in coordinated downregulation of NF-κB subunits and downstream inflammatory and antimicrobial genes. Together, these findings provide the first functional evidence that SOCS1 in Japanese eel acts as a negative regulator of NF-κB signaling, thereby extending the known repertoire of SOCS1 activity in fish. This study not only enriches comparative immunology of SOCS proteins but also has potential implications for controlling excessive inflammation and improving disease resistance in aquaculture.

细胞因子信号传导抑制因子1 （SOCS1）是哺乳动物细胞因子介导的信号传导的关键负调节因子，但其在硬骨鱼免疫中的作用尚不清楚。本研究克隆并鉴定了日本鳗鲡（Anguilla japonica）全长SOCS1 cDNA，该基因编码一个含有保守SH2结构域和SOCS盒的203个氨基酸的蛋白。系统发育分析表明，AjSOCS1属于硬骨鱼分支，与其他脊椎动物SOCS1同源物具有高度的保守性。AjSOCS1在各组织中普遍表达，在肠道和免疫相关器官中表达水平最高。它的转录在体内（脂多糖[LPS]、多肌苷-多胞酸[poly(I:C)]、嗜水气单胞菌）和体外（病原体相关分子模式[PAMPs]和细菌感染）均被显著诱导，突出了对细菌和病毒刺激的反应性。亚细胞定位分析表明，AjSOCS1是细胞质的，与其在细胞内信号调节中的作用一致。使用双荧光素酶报告系统进行的功能分析显示，AjSOCS1在基础条件下以及MyD88-、LPS-和poly(I:C)-诱导的刺激下强烈抑制NF-κ b的激活，并且AjSOCS1的过表达导致NF-κ b亚基和下游炎症和抗菌基因的协同下调。总之，这些发现提供了第一个功能性证据，证明日本鳗鱼中的SOCS1作为NF-κB信号的负调节因子，从而扩展了鱼类中SOCS1活性的已知曲目。本研究不仅丰富了SOCS蛋白的比较免疫学，而且对控制水产养殖过度炎症和提高抗病性具有潜在的指导意义。

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引用次数: 0

RBX1 and RBX2 promote GCRV replication in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) RBX1和RBX2促进草鱼GCRV的复制。

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Fish & shellfish immunology

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111142

Jianhua Feng , Yafang Wang , Wenji Huang , Dawei Xie , Yinghao Huang , Xinran Tao , Tiantian Zhang , Haixia Wu , Jun Zou , Junya Wang

Cullin-RING ligases (CRLs) constitute the most diverse E3 ligase family in the ubiquitin-proteasome system, yet their antiviral roles in bony fish remain poorly understood. Here, we identify the catalytic cores of CRLs, the RING-box proteins RBX1 and RBX2, as key modulators of antiviral signaling in cyprinid fish. Phylogenetic and structural analyses revealed that Rbx1 and Rbx2 are highly conserved and widely expressed, with preferential enrichment in primordial germ and immune-related cells. Upon infection with grass carp reovirus (GCRV) or spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) in cyprinid fish, Rbxs were rapidly induced in vivo and in vitro. RBX1 and RBX2 synergistically promote viral replication by directly interacting with interferon regulatory factors (IRF) 3 and IRF7 and facilitating their ubiquitin-mediated regulation. Together, our findings uncover RBX1 and RBX2 as evolutionarily conserved negative regulators of fish innate immunity and provide mechanistic insight into the ubiquitin-mediated control of interferon homeostasis across vertebrates.

Cullin-RING连接酶（CRLs）构成了泛素-蛋白酶体系统中最多样化的E3连接酶家族，但它们在硬骨鱼中的抗病毒作用仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们确定了crl的催化核心，RING-box蛋白RBX1和RBX2，作为鲤科鱼类抗病毒信号的关键调节剂。系统发育和结构分析表明，Rbx1和Rbx2是高度保守和广泛表达的，在原始生殖和免疫相关细胞中优先富集。用草鱼呼肠孤病毒（GCRV）或鲤科鱼春季病毒血症（SVCV）感染鲤科鱼后，在体内和体外快速诱导Rbxs。RBX1和RBX2通过直接与干扰素调节因子（IRF） 3和IRF7相互作用，促进其泛素介导的调控，协同促进病毒复制。总之，我们的研究结果揭示了RBX1和RBX2是进化上保守的鱼类先天免疫负调节因子，并为泛素介导的干扰素稳态控制在脊椎动物中的机制提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Zebrafish as a translational model for Bitis arietans envenomation: Integrative proteomic and histopathological insights 斑马鱼作为变异bittis毒化的翻译模型：综合蛋白质组学和组织病理学见解。

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Fish & shellfish immunology

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111141

Dayanne Carla Fernandes , Silas Fernandes Eto , Leo Kei Iwai , Monica Lopes-Ferreira , Isabela de Oliveira Cavalcante Pimentel , Luiz Roberto Sardinha , Ismael Feitosa Lima , Denise V. Tambourgi

The genus Bitis, especially the species Bitis arietans, significantly contributes to snakebite incidents in Africa, causing a range of serious medical conditions. This study aimed to explore the pathological mechanisms underlying envenomations by B. arietans using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism. Blood samples were collected at 3- and 6-h post-envenomation, followed by plasma analysis through mass spectrometry. Key findings indicated that B. arietans venom caused a hemolytic effect leading to acute severe anemia by 6 h post-envenomation. A hematopoietic response was also observed, characterized by an increase in precursor blood cells and leukocytosis with elevated myelomonocytic cell counts. Mass spectrometry analysis identified 558 plasma proteins with differential abundance between the experimental groups, many of which play crucial roles in biological processes such as immune response, hemostasis, coagulation cascade, complement system activation, neutrophil degranulation, and oxidative stress regulation. Additionally, proteins associated with cellular extravasation and regulatory functions were detected, correlating with histopathological lesions observed locally and indicating systemic effects of envenomation affecting vital organs such as the kidneys, heart, liver, and gills. Our results suggest that the plasma protein profile identified may serve as potential biomarkers for assessing lesions resulting from B. arietans envenomation. Overall, these findings enhance our understanding of the toxic impacts of B. arietans venom and underscore the utility of zebrafish as a model for further research into snakebite pathophysiology.

叮咬属，特别是变种叮咬属，是非洲蛇咬伤事件的重要原因，造成一系列严重的医疗状况。本研究以斑马鱼（Danio rerio）为模式生物，探讨变异双歧杆菌中毒的病理机制。在中毒后3小时和6小时采集血样，然后通过质谱法进行血浆分析。主要研究结果表明，异角牛耳毒液在中毒6小时后可引起急性严重贫血的溶血作用。造血反应也被观察到，其特征是前体血细胞和白细胞增多，骨髓单核细胞计数升高。质谱分析鉴定出558种血浆蛋白在实验组之间具有不同的丰度，其中许多蛋白在免疫反应、止血、凝血级联、补体系统激活、中性粒细胞脱粒和氧化应激调节等生物过程中起着至关重要的作用。此外，检测到与细胞外渗和调节功能相关的蛋白质，这些蛋白质与局部观察到的组织病理学病变相关，表明中毒对重要器官（如肾脏、心脏、肝脏和鳃）的全身影响。我们的研究结果表明，鉴定出的血浆蛋白谱可能作为评估变异双歧杆菌中毒引起的病变的潜在生物标志物。总的来说，这些发现增强了我们对变异b.a rietans毒液毒性影响的理解，并强调了斑马鱼作为蛇咬伤病理生理学进一步研究的模型的实用性。

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引用次数: 0

AID/APOBEC-like cytidine deaminases are important mediators of VLR-based adaptive immunity in lampreys AID/ apobec样胞苷脱氨酶是七鳃鳗基于vlr的适应性免疫的重要介质。

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Fish & shellfish immunology

Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111137

Zihao Yan , Jingjing Lu , Yuesi Zhou , Liang Zhao , Ding Li , Huining Jia , Ayqeqan Nurmamat , Min Xiu , Shuyuan Zhang , Ruyu Zhuang , Ya Pang , Tiesong Li , Feng Sun , Yinglun Han

Jawless vertebrates offer critical insights into the evolutionary origins of adaptive immunity due to their unique phylogenetic position among chordates. However, the convergent evolution of adaptive immunity between jawless and jawed vertebrates remains incompletely understood. In this study, we characterized cytidine deaminases (CDAs), ancestral members of the AID/APOBEC deaminase family, in the lamprey Lethenteron reissneri. Functional analyses demonstrated that Lr-CDA1 exhibits in vivo activity comparable to activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) in jawed vertebrates. Loss of Lr-CDA1 disrupted the assembly of the three types of variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs), with the strongest effect observed for VLRB. Within the germline VLR (gVLR) loci of Lethenteron reissneri, we identified CDA-associated regulatory regions that are required for proper VLR assembly and diversification. These regions were specifically bound by Lr-CDAs, and their repression resulted in a marked downregulation of VLRB expression. Collectively, our findings indicate that lampreys possess a CDA-mediated VLR rearrangement mechanism that acts on germline VLRs to regulate their assembly, maturation, and diversification. Moreover, the association of Lr-CDAs with tumorigenesis- and chromosomal translocation-related genes highlights an ancient molecular link between immune diversification and genome instability.

由于无颌脊椎动物在脊索动物中独特的系统发育地位，它们为适应性免疫的进化起源提供了重要的见解。然而，在无颌和有颌脊椎动物之间适应性免疫的趋同进化仍然不完全清楚。在这项研究中，我们对七鳃鳗（Lethenteron reissneri）中AID/APOBEC脱氨酶家族的祖先成员胞苷脱氨酶（CDAs）进行了表征。功能分析表明，Lr-CDA1在有颌脊椎动物中具有与激活诱导胞苷脱氨酶（AID）相当的体内活性。Lr-CDA1的缺失破坏了三种类型可变淋巴细胞受体（VLRs）的组装，其中VLRB受到的影响最大。在leenteron reissneri的种系VLR （gVLR）基因座中，我们发现了与cda相关的调节区域，这些区域是VLR组装和多样化所必需的。这些区域被Lr-CDAs特异性结合，它们的抑制导致VLRB表达显著下调。总之，我们的研究结果表明，七鳃鳗具有cda介导的VLR重排机制，该机制作用于种系VLR，调节其组装，成熟和多样化。此外，Lr-CDAs与肿瘤发生和染色体易位相关基因的关联突出了免疫多样化和基因组不稳定性之间的古老分子联系。

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引用次数: 0

Recent advances in vaccination strategies against acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in shrimp for sustainable aquaculture industry: A comprehensive review 可持续水产养殖业对虾急性肝胰腺坏死病（AHPND）疫苗接种策略的最新进展：综述

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Fish & shellfish immunology

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111136

Tijani Isa , Riyanto Teguh Widodo , Suzita Mohd Noor , Nur Asyura Nor Amdan , Zulhisyam Abdul Kari , Norhidayah Mohd Taufek , Fathiah Mohamed Zuki , Alias Abdullah , Subha Bhassu , Zarif Mohamed Sofian , Sagir Mustapha , Didi Erwandi Mohamad Haron , Ahmad Khusairi Azemi , Muhammad Luqman Nordin

Shrimp farming represents one of the most economically vital branches of aquaculture, significantly contributing to global food security and livelihoods, especially in Asia and Latin America. Countries such as China, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, India, and Bangladesh are major producers, with LitoPenaeus vannamei and Penaeus monodon accounting for over 90 % of global shrimp production. Despite its economic value, the industry faces persistent threats from disease outbreaks, notably acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). Antibiotic use, once common for disease control, is now restricted due to risks of resistance and environmental harm. Vaccination has emerged as a promising alternative, focusing on stimulating shrimp's innate immunity through DNA vaccines, recombinant subunit vaccines, live-attenuated, and whole cell-inactivated methods. Field and laboratory trials have shown promising results, including high levels of protection, improved survival rates, and increased expression of immune-related genes. Despite these advances, challenges persist, such as limited immune responses in juvenile shrimp, the absence of standardized immune markers, antigen degradation during oral delivery, and genetic diversity among V. parahaemolyticus strains. Continued research in shrimp immune mechanisms, antigen selection, and vaccine formulation is crucial to develop effective, scalable, and economically feasible vaccines for effective and sustainable AHPND prevention. This review highlights current vaccine strategies, field trial outcomes, challenges, and future directions, underscoring the potential of vaccination in integrated AHPND control for sustainable shrimp aquaculture.

对虾养殖是水产养殖中经济上最重要的分支之一，对全球粮食安全和生计做出了重大贡献，特别是在亚洲和拉丁美洲。中国、泰国、越南、印度尼西亚、马来西亚、印度和孟加拉国等国家是主要生产国，凡纳滨对虾和单对虾占全球虾产量的90%以上。尽管具有经济价值，但该行业面临着疾病爆发的持续威胁，特别是急性肝胰腺坏死病（AHPND）。抗生素的使用曾经是疾病控制的常用手段，现在由于存在耐药性和环境危害的风险而受到限制。疫苗接种已成为一种有希望的替代方法，重点是通过DNA疫苗、重组亚单位疫苗、减毒活疫苗和全细胞灭活方法刺激虾的先天免疫。现场和实验室试验显示了令人鼓舞的结果，包括高水平的保护、存活率的提高和免疫相关基因表达的增加。尽管取得了这些进展，但挑战仍然存在，例如幼虾的免疫反应有限，缺乏标准化的免疫标记物，口服递送过程中的抗原降解以及副溶血性弧菌菌株之间的遗传多样性。继续研究虾的免疫机制、抗原选择和疫苗配方对于开发有效、可扩展和经济上可行的疫苗以有效和可持续地预防AHPND至关重要。这篇综述强调了目前的疫苗策略、现场试验结果、挑战和未来的方向，强调了疫苗接种在综合控制AHPND中的潜力，以实现对虾养殖的可持续发展。

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引用次数: 0

Co-infection of Cryptocaryon irritans and Vibrio harveyi impairs osmoregulatory and respiratory functions in orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides 刺激隐核菌和哈维弧菌的共同感染损害了橙斑石斑鱼的渗透调节和呼吸功能

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Fish & shellfish immunology

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111133

Xueli Lai , Haoran Tang , Huicheng Wu , Yanwei Li , Xueming Dan , Zequan Mo

Cryptocaryon irritans and Vibrio harveyi are common parasitic and bacterial pathogens infecting mariculture fish such as the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides), and they cause significant economic losses. Epidemiological evidence indicated that V. harveyi commonly causes secondary bacterial infection in teleost infected with C. irritans. However, the pathogenic mechanisms of C. irritans and V. harveyi co-infection in grouper remain unclear. In this study, a co-infection model was established in vivo that the co-infection increased the mortality of grouper and facilitated the replication of V. harveyi. Blood smear analysis showed that the percentage of white blood cells, including monocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils, obviously increased in co-infected grouper. Histopathological and ultrastructural observations showed that co-infection induced the pathological changes in gills and trunk kidney. Excessive mucus was produced in gills and apoptosis was induced in trunk kidney. Enzymatic assays revealed a significant change in serum ion and protein, respiratory enzyme, and osmoregulatory enzyme in co-infected grouper. Moreover, detection of peripheral oxygen saturation and osmotic pressure demonstrated that the death of co-infected grouper was associated with the asphyxiation and osmotic pressure imbalance. Therefore, our study could facilitate further research on the pathogenic mechanisms of C. irritans and V. harveyi co-infection in orange-spotted grouper.

隐核虫和哈维弧菌是感染橙斑石斑鱼等海水养殖鱼类的常见寄生虫和细菌性病原体，它们造成重大的经济损失。流行病学证据表明，哈维梭菌通常会在感染了刺激梭菌的硬骨鱼中引起继发性细菌感染。然而，刺激弓形虫和哈维弓形虫共同感染石斑鱼的致病机制尚不清楚。本研究在体内建立了共感染模型，共感染增加了石斑鱼的死亡率，促进了哈氏弧菌的复制。血液涂片分析显示，共感染石斑鱼的白细胞（包括单核细胞、淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞）百分比明显升高。组织病理学和超微结构观察显示，共感染引起了鳃和干肾的病理改变。鳃部粘液分泌过多，干肾细胞凋亡。酶分析显示，共感染石斑鱼血清离子和蛋白质、呼吸酶和渗透调节酶有显著变化。此外，外周血氧饱和度和渗透压检测表明，共感染石斑鱼的死亡与窒息和渗透压失衡有关。因此，本研究可为进一步研究橘斑石斑鱼体内刺激性弓形虫和哈维弓形虫共同感染的致病机制提供依据。

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引用次数: 0

M-CSF regulates macrophage proliferation, survival, and anti-inflammatory responses in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) M-CSF调节大口黑鲈（Micropterus salmoides）巨噬细胞增殖、存活和抗炎反应。

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Fish & shellfish immunology

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111131

Ziyue Zhao , Li Nie , Jiong Chen , Chenjie Fei

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) is a key hematopoietic cytokine that governs the proliferation, survival, and functional specialization of monocytes and macrophages in vertebrates. Although its roles are well characterized in mammals, knowledge of M-CSF-mediated immune regulation in teleost fish remains limited. In this study, we characterized the M-CSF homolog from largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and investigated its structural features, tissue distribution and immunomodulatory functions. Sequence alignment revealed that largemouth bass M-CSF possesses a signature CSF domain and shares conserved cysteine and histidine residues essential for dimerization and receptor binding in mammals, indicating evolutionary conservation of its functional motifs. Quantitative expression analysis showed broad tissue distribution, with predominant expression in the head kidney and spleen. Recombinant M-CSF (rM-CSF) significantly enhanced monocyte/macrophages (MO/MФ) proliferation and upregulated the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl2, suggesting its role in promoting MO/MФ survival. Moreover, rM-CSF increased arginase activity and induced the expression of anti-inflammatory genes (i.e., IL-10 and TGF-β), indicative of M2-like polarization. Together, these findings demonstrate that largemouth bass M-CSF promotes macrophage proliferation, survival, and modulates functional phenotypes, thereby providing new insight into the evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of innate immune regulation in teleost fish.

巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（M-CSF）是一种关键的造血细胞因子，控制着脊椎动物单核细胞和巨噬细胞的增殖、存活和功能特化。虽然m - csf在哺乳动物中的作用已被很好地描述，但对硬骨鱼中m - csf介导的免疫调节的了解仍然有限。本研究对大口黑鲈M-CSF同源物进行了鉴定，并对其结构特征、组织分布和免疫调节功能进行了研究。序列比对显示，大嘴黑鲈M-CSF具有一个标志性的CSF结构域，并且具有哺乳动物二聚化和受体结合所必需的保守半胱氨酸和组氨酸残基，表明其功能基序的进化保守性。定量表达分析显示其组织分布广泛，主要表达于头部肾和脾脏。重组M-CSF （rM-CSF）显著增强单核细胞/巨噬细胞（MO/MФ）的增殖，上调抗凋亡基因Bcl2，提示其在促进MO/MФ存活中的作用。此外，rM-CSF增加精氨酸酶活性，诱导抗炎基因（即IL-10和TGF-β）的表达，表明m2样极化。总之，这些发现表明，大口黑鲈M-CSF促进巨噬细胞增殖、存活并调节功能表型，从而为硬骨鱼先天免疫调节的进化保守机制提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0