Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in gene regulation and immune defense. This study investigates their function in Penaeus vannamei shrimp during White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) infection. Analysis of small RNA libraries from WSSV-infected shrimp hemocytes identified 82,788 piRNA homologs, with 138 showing altered expression during infection. Putative piRNAs were mapped to both the P. vannamei nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, highlighting their diverse origins. Interestingly, some piRNA sequences from uninfected shrimp mapped to both the shrimp and WSSV genomes, suggesting potential subversion or integration of viral fragments into the host genome. We focused on piR-pva-926938, a downregulated piRNA targeting the WSSV186 gene. Introducing piR-pva-926938 into WSSV-infected shrimp suppressed WSSV186 expression, but paradoxically increased viral load by downregulating host immune genes like calcineurin B and dynamin-binding protein. This study is the first to report WSSV-responsive piRNAs in shrimp and reveals the complex interplay between piRNAs, viral genes, and host immunity during WSSV infection.
{"title":"Unveiling the impact of shrimp piRNAs on WSSV infection and immune modulation","authors":"Waruntorn Luangtrakul , Chantaka Wongdontri , Phattarunda Jaree , Pakpoom Boonchuen , Kulwadee Somboonviwat , Peter Sarnow , Kunlaya Somboonwiwat","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in gene regulation and immune defense. This study investigates their function in <em>Penaeus vannamei</em> shrimp during White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) infection. Analysis of small RNA libraries from WSSV-infected shrimp hemocytes identified 82,788 piRNA homologs, with 138 showing altered expression during infection. Putative piRNAs were mapped to both the <em>P. vannamei</em> nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, highlighting their diverse origins. Interestingly, some piRNA sequences from uninfected shrimp mapped to both the shrimp and WSSV genomes, suggesting potential subversion or integration of viral fragments into the host genome. We focused on piR-pva-926938, a downregulated piRNA targeting the <em>WSSV186</em> gene. Introducing piR-pva-926938 into WSSV-infected shrimp suppressed <em>WSSV186</em> expression, but paradoxically increased viral load by downregulating host immune genes like <em>calcineurin B</em> and <em>dynamin-binding protein</em>. This study is the first to report WSSV-responsive piRNAs in shrimp and reveals the complex interplay between piRNAs, viral genes, and host immunity during WSSV infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 110124"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110126
Ya He , Kang Ouyang , Hui Yang , Liangmou Wang , Qian Zhang , Dapeng Li , Li Li
Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) has been shown to induce neuroinflammation and disrupt neurotransmitter system. However, little is known about the mechanism of toxicity. In this study, male adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to MC-LR at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1, 10 μg/L for 30 days. Histomorphological evaluation revealed thrombus formation and vacuolization in the brains of zebrafish exposed to 10 μg/L MC-LR. Additionally, this exposure led to elevated MDA levels and decreased T-SOD, CAT and GSH levels in the brain, indicating oxidative stress. MC-LR exposure also significantly increased TNF-α and IL-1β contents and altered transcriptional levels of genes associated with the NOD/NFκB pathway (nod1, nod2, tak2, ripk2, ikbkb, nfkbiaa and nfkb2), implicating that MC-LR induced neuroinflammation. Concurrently, disruptions in neurotransmitter systems were observed, manifested by reductions in ACH, DA, 5-HT contents, an increase in Glu, and changes in related genes (ache, chran7a, dat, drd2b, 5htt, htr1aa, glsa and grin2aa). Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) analysis showed that the oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses directly affected the cholinergic and glutamatergic systems and inflammatory response, as well as indirectly influenced the dopaminergic system via inflammation. Thus, our results suggested that oxidative stress may be a potential mechanism underlying the neuroinflammation and disruption of neurotransmitter systems induced by MC-LR. Furthermore, BMD modeling indicated that the BMDL values for ACH, T-SOD and MDA were all greater than 1 μg/L, suggesting that long-term exposure to MC-LR concentrations below 1 μg/L pose a relatively low risk of neurotoxicity. The lowest BMDL for MDA also implies that oxidative stress is a primary concern in the brain, making MDA a preferred biomarker for MC-LR exposure.
{"title":"The MC-LR induced neuroinflammation and the disorders of neurotransmitter system in zebrafish (Danio rerio): Oxidative stress as a key","authors":"Ya He , Kang Ouyang , Hui Yang , Liangmou Wang , Qian Zhang , Dapeng Li , Li Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) has been shown to induce neuroinflammation and disrupt neurotransmitter system. However, little is known about the mechanism of toxicity. In this study, male adult zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>) were exposed to MC-LR at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1, 10 μg/L for 30 days. Histomorphological evaluation revealed thrombus formation and vacuolization in the brains of zebrafish exposed to 10 μg/L MC-LR. Additionally, this exposure led to elevated MDA levels and decreased T-SOD, CAT and GSH levels in the brain, indicating oxidative stress. MC-LR exposure also significantly increased TNF-α and IL-1β contents and altered transcriptional levels of genes associated with the NOD/NFκB pathway (<em>nod1</em>, <em>nod2</em>, <em>tak2</em>, <em>ripk2</em>, <em>ikbkb</em>, <em>nfkbiaa</em> and <em>nfkb2</em>), implicating that MC-LR induced neuroinflammation. Concurrently, disruptions in neurotransmitter systems were observed, manifested by reductions in ACH, DA, 5-HT contents, an increase in Glu, and changes in related genes (<em>ache</em>, <em>chran7a</em>, <em>dat</em>, <em>drd2b</em>, 5htt, <em>htr1aa</em>, <em>glsa</em> and <em>grin2aa</em>). Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) analysis showed that the oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses directly affected the cholinergic and glutamatergic systems and inflammatory response, as well as indirectly influenced the dopaminergic system via inflammation. Thus, our results suggested that oxidative stress may be a potential mechanism underlying the neuroinflammation and disruption of neurotransmitter systems induced by MC-LR. Furthermore, BMD modeling indicated that the BMDL values for ACH, T-SOD and MDA were all greater than 1 μg/L, suggesting that long-term exposure to MC-LR concentrations below 1 μg/L pose a relatively low risk of neurotoxicity. The lowest BMDL for MDA also implies that oxidative stress is a primary concern in the brain, making MDA a preferred biomarker for MC-LR exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 110126"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110128
Ting-Fang Zhu , Hai-Peng Guo , Li Nie , Jiong Chen
The liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) is gaining recognition for its immune regulatory functions beyond direct antimicrobial activity. In this study, we investigated the role of mudskipper (Boleophthalmus pectinirostris) LEAP2 (BpLEAP2) in enhancing the survival, gut health, and immune resilience against Edwardsiella tarda infection. Pre-oral delivery of BpLEAP2 significantly improved survival rates and mitigated infection-induced damage to the gut, as evidenced by preserved villus length and goblet cell count. Analysis of gut microbial communities using 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that pre-oral delivery of BpLEAP2 increased microbial diversity, evenness, and the abundance of beneficial genera such as Pseudoalteromonas and Shewanella, while reducing pathogenic genera like Pseudorhodobacter. Metabolomic profiling showed that BpLEAP2 altered the gut metabolite composition, significantly increasing levels of bile acids and amino acids, which are known to support gut health and immune responses. Correlation analysis demonstrated strong positive associations between BpLEAP2-induced microbial shifts and increased metabolites involved in amino acid metabolism. These findings suggest that BpLEAP2 promotes intestinal homeostasis by modulating gut microbiota composition and enhancing beneficial metabolite production, ultimately improving gut barrier integrity and conferring resistance against E. tarda infection. This study highlights the potential application of BpLEAP2 in enhancing disease resilience in aquaculture species, offering a promising strategy for sustainable aquaculture practices.
{"title":"Oral administration of LEAP2 enhances immunity against Edwardsiella tarda through regulation of gut bacterial community and metabolite in mudskipper","authors":"Ting-Fang Zhu , Hai-Peng Guo , Li Nie , Jiong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) is gaining recognition for its immune regulatory functions beyond direct antimicrobial activity. In this study, we investigated the role of mudskipper (<em>Boleophthalmus pectinirostris</em>) LEAP2 (<em>Bp</em>LEAP2) in enhancing the survival, gut health, and immune resilience against <em>Edwardsiella tarda</em> infection. Pre-oral delivery of <em>Bp</em>LEAP2 significantly improved survival rates and mitigated infection-induced damage to the gut, as evidenced by preserved villus length and goblet cell count. Analysis of gut microbial communities using 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that pre-oral delivery of <em>Bp</em>LEAP2 increased microbial diversity, evenness, and the abundance of beneficial genera such as <em>Pseudoalteromonas</em> and <em>Shewanella</em>, while reducing pathogenic genera like <em>Pseudorhodobacter</em>. Metabolomic profiling showed that <em>Bp</em>LEAP2 altered the gut metabolite composition, significantly increasing levels of bile acids and amino acids, which are known to support gut health and immune responses. Correlation analysis demonstrated strong positive associations between <em>Bp</em>LEAP2-induced microbial shifts and increased metabolites involved in amino acid metabolism. These findings suggest that <em>Bp</em>LEAP2 promotes intestinal homeostasis by modulating gut microbiota composition and enhancing beneficial metabolite production, ultimately improving gut barrier integrity and conferring resistance against <em>E. tarda</em> infection. This study highlights the potential application of <em>Bp</em>LEAP2 in enhancing disease resilience in aquaculture species, offering a promising strategy for sustainable aquaculture practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 110128"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, microsporidiosis caused by a microsporidian [Ecytonucleospora (Enterocytozoon) hepatopenaei, EHP] has been found to seriously impact the global shrimp industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of fumaric acid (FA) in EHP-infected Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). In the first 2 groups, non-EHP-infected shrimp were fed FA-supplemented (10 g/kg diet) or normal feed (CM+ and CM-, respectively). The other 2 groups of EHP-infected shrimp were also fed FA-supplemented or normal feed (EM+ and EM-, respectively). All the experimental groups were fed for 7 days, and the hepatopancreas and intestine of the shrimp were sampled at 0, 1, 3 and 7 days after application (DAAs). The copy number of EHP in the hepatopancreas of the EM + shrimp was significantly lower than that in the hepatopancreas of the EM-shrimp at 3 and 7 DAAs (P < 0.01). Histopathological investigation revealed that the hepatopancreas of EM + shrimp began healing from microsporidiosis at 3 DAA and had almost completely recovered at 7 DAA. Proteomic analysis also revealed that the levels of immune-related proteins, such as β-1,3-glucan-binding proteins, the tumor suppressor TP53, and protein disulfide isomerase A3, were elevated in the hepatopancreas of the CM + shrimp compared with those in the control shrimp. Microbiome analyses from both LC‒MS/MS data and next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the shrimp intestine revealed that FA supplementation strongly affected the bacterial community in the shrimp gut. Based on the results from this study in the hepatopancreas of shrimp fed a diet of 10 g/kg FA for 7 days, FA strongly affected EHP proliferation; simultaneously, it increased the levels of several key molecules involved in oxidative stress, cellular stress and pattern recognition without harmful negative side effects; and effectively influenced the gut microbiota. This research is the first to show the effectiveness of FA in promoting shrimp health in the context of microsporidiosis in Pacific white shrimp and could be further applied in the global shrimp aquaculture industry.
{"title":"Therapeutic effects of fumaric acid on proteomic expression and gut microbiota composition in Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) infected with Ecytonucleospora hepatopenaei (EHP)","authors":"Prapansak Srisapoome , Piyarat Jun-On , Anurak Uchuwittayakul , Cher-un Limyada","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, microsporidiosis caused by a microsporidian [<em>Ecytonucleospora</em> (<em>Enterocytozoon</em>) <em>hepatopenaei</em>, EHP] has been found to seriously impact the global shrimp industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of fumaric acid (FA) in EHP-infected Pacific white shrimp (<em>Penaeus vannamei</em>). In the first 2 groups, non-EHP-infected shrimp were fed FA-supplemented (10 g/kg diet) or normal feed (CM+ and CM-, respectively). The other 2 groups of EHP-infected shrimp were also fed FA-supplemented or normal feed (EM+ and EM-, respectively). All the experimental groups were fed for 7 days, and the hepatopancreas and intestine of the shrimp were sampled at 0, 1, 3 and 7 days after application (DAAs). The copy number of EHP in the hepatopancreas of the EM + shrimp was significantly lower than that in the hepatopancreas of the EM-shrimp at 3 and 7 DAAs (<em>P</em> < 0.01). Histopathological investigation revealed that the hepatopancreas of EM + shrimp began healing from microsporidiosis at 3 DAA and had almost completely recovered at 7 DAA. Proteomic analysis also revealed that the levels of immune-related proteins, such as β-1,3-glucan-binding proteins, the tumor suppressor TP53, and protein disulfide isomerase A3, were elevated in the hepatopancreas of the CM + shrimp compared with those in the control shrimp. Microbiome analyses from both LC‒MS/MS data and next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the shrimp intestine revealed that FA supplementation strongly affected the bacterial community in the shrimp gut. Based on the results from this study in the hepatopancreas of shrimp fed a diet of 10 g/kg FA for 7 days, FA strongly affected EHP proliferation; simultaneously, it increased the levels of several key molecules involved in oxidative stress, cellular stress and pattern recognition without harmful negative side effects; and effectively influenced the gut microbiota. This research is the first to show the effectiveness of FA in promoting shrimp health in the context of microsporidiosis in Pacific white shrimp and could be further applied in the global shrimp aquaculture industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 110122"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110123
Hongli Xia , Bei Li , Bingxi Li , Jianmin Ye
Mammalian Nedd4 family interacting protein 1 (Ndfip1) serves as an activator of the E3 ubiquitin ligase, promoting ubiquitination and limiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, the functional role of teleost Ndfip1 is not completely understood. In the current study, an Ndfip1 gene designated as OnNdfip1 was characterized in Nile tilapia. Then we investigated the expression pattern, its interaction with HECT E3 ligase OnNEDD4 or OnItch, and the regulation of NF-κB signaling. The expression of OnNdfip1 in several tissues was detected by qPCR. Co-immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assay were performed to detect the potential mechanisms. Our study revealed that OnNdfip1 exhibited widespread expression across various tissues, with its expression pattern demonstrating significant changes following stimulation with S. agalactiae or poly I:C. Notably, OnNdfip1 was found to interact with OnItch or OnNEDD4. Functionally, overexpression of OnNdfip1 did not promote the ubiquitination of Tak1 and did not influence NF-κB regulation by Itch, while it significantly inhibited NF-κB signaling induced by OnTak1. This study represents the first characterization on the functional role of teleost Ndfip1 and elucidates its involvement in the signal regulation.
{"title":"Nedd4 family interacting protein 1 directly regulates the NF-κB signaling pathway without promoting the ubiquitination of Tak1 in Nile tilapia","authors":"Hongli Xia , Bei Li , Bingxi Li , Jianmin Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mammalian Nedd4 family interacting protein 1 (Ndfip1) serves as an activator of the E3 ubiquitin ligase, promoting ubiquitination and limiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, the functional role of teleost Ndfip1 is not completely understood. In the current study, an Ndfip1 gene designated as OnNdfip1 was characterized in Nile tilapia. Then we investigated the expression pattern, its interaction with HECT E3 ligase OnNEDD4 or OnItch, and the regulation of NF-κB signaling. The expression of OnNdfip1 in several tissues was detected by qPCR. Co-immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assay were performed to detect the potential mechanisms. Our study revealed that OnNdfip1 exhibited widespread expression across various tissues, with its expression pattern demonstrating significant changes following stimulation with <em>S. agalactiae</em> or poly I:C. Notably, OnNdfip1 was found to interact with OnItch or OnNEDD4. Functionally, overexpression of OnNdfip1 did not promote the ubiquitination of Tak1 and did not influence NF-κB regulation by Itch, while it significantly inhibited NF-κB signaling induced by OnTak1. This study represents the first characterization on the functional role of teleost Ndfip1 and elucidates its involvement in the signal regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 110123"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110117
Lingfeng Guan , Xinshuai Li , Jinpeng Chen , Liqun Wang , Xinyue Zhang , Hongyan Sun , Yanwei Li , Min Yang , Qiwei Qin , Shaowen Wang
Co-infections of different pathogenic microorganisms usually cause complex effects, and receive more attention. Red-grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) and Vibrio are the common viral and bacterial pathogens of fish, and are often detected simultaneously in diseased fish. However, the understanding of co-infection of RGNNV and Vibrio is still unclear. In this study, we have established a grouper (Epinephelus coioides) model of the co-infection of RGNNV and Vibrio harveyi (V. harveyi). Compared with single pathogen infection, co-infection of RGNNV and V. harveyi significantly caused more severe pathologic changes with higher mortality (P < 0.05), and promoted the proliferation of the pathogens by RNA-FISH and qRT-PCR (P < 0.05), demonstrating a synergistic effect of RGNNV and V. harveyi in grouper. Furthermore, we found that V. harveyi inhibited the induction and migration of neutrophils by RGNNV, resulting the obviously reduced neutrophils of co-infection groups (P < 0.05). In addition, transcriptome analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of brain tissues of different experimental groups were enriched in immune signaling pathways, such as JAK-STAT signaling, NF-κB signaling and TNF signaling pathways. For the liver and spleen tissues, the DEGs of different experimental groups were enriched in metabolism-related pathways, such as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and glycerolipid metabolism. Further analysis of the selected DEGs, co-infection of RGNNV and V. harveyi significantly suppressed the host immune response and up-regulated host glucose and lipid metabolism, compared with single-pathogen infection. Taken together, the RGNNV and V. harveyi make synergic reaction in grouper, possibly due to the down regulation of host immune response and up regulation of metabolism to facilitate the replication of both pathogens. These results provide new insights into the pathogenesis of multiple pathogens, and contribute to develop new therapies.
{"title":"Co-infection of nervous necrosis virus and Vibrio harveyi increased mortality and worsened the disease severity in the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides)","authors":"Lingfeng Guan , Xinshuai Li , Jinpeng Chen , Liqun Wang , Xinyue Zhang , Hongyan Sun , Yanwei Li , Min Yang , Qiwei Qin , Shaowen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Co-infections of different pathogenic microorganisms usually cause complex effects, and receive more attention. Red-grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) and <em>Vibrio</em> are the common viral and bacterial pathogens of fish, and are often detected simultaneously in diseased fish. However, the understanding of co-infection of RGNNV and <em>Vibrio</em> is still unclear. In this study, we have established a grouper (<em>Epinephelus coioides</em>) model of the co-infection of RGNNV and <em>Vibrio harveyi</em> (<em>V. harveyi</em>). Compared with single pathogen infection, co-infection of RGNNV and <em>V. harveyi</em> significantly caused more severe pathologic changes with higher mortality (<em>P</em> < 0.05), and promoted the proliferation of the pathogens by RNA-FISH and qRT-PCR (<em>P</em> < 0.05), demonstrating a synergistic effect of RGNNV and <em>V. harveyi</em> in grouper. Furthermore, we found that <em>V. harveyi</em> inhibited the induction and migration of neutrophils by RGNNV, resulting the obviously reduced neutrophils of co-infection groups (<em>P</em> < 0.05). In addition, transcriptome analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of brain tissues of different experimental groups were enriched in immune signaling pathways, such as JAK-STAT signaling, NF-κB signaling and TNF signaling pathways. For the liver and spleen tissues, the DEGs of different experimental groups were enriched in metabolism-related pathways, such as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and glycerolipid metabolism. Further analysis of the selected DEGs, co-infection of RGNNV and <em>V. harveyi</em> significantly suppressed the host immune response and up-regulated host glucose and lipid metabolism, compared with single-pathogen infection. Taken together, the RGNNV and <em>V. harveyi</em> make synergic reaction in grouper, possibly due to the down regulation of host immune response and up regulation of metabolism to facilitate the replication of both pathogens. These results provide new insights into the pathogenesis of multiple pathogens, and contribute to develop new therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 110117"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142964337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-30DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110063
Ying Chen , Mengmeng Yi , Yunsheng Wang , Lan Yao , Guangdong Ji , Zhan Gao
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), derived from a variety of proteins such as ribosomal proteins, play a pivotal role in the innate immune system. However, information regarding ribosomal protein-derived AMPs is currently limited and their mechanisms of action remain poorly defined. Here we identified and characterized the antibacterial activity of amphioxus RPL27 (BjRPL27) and its core functional region located at residues 51–72 (termed BjRPL2751-72). We found that BjRPL27 expression was upregulated in the hepatic caecum following bacterial infection. Both the recombinant protein rBjRPL27 and the synthetic peptide BjRPL2751-72 effectively killed the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and the Gram-negative bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila via a combined action of disrupting cell membrane integrity, inducing membrane depolarization, and increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Additionally, the sequence of BjRPL2751-72 was highly conserved among all eukaryotic RPL27s, implying an ancient origin for the antibacterial activity of the RPL27 family. In vivo assays showed that BjRPL2751-72 not only efficiently protected zebrafish from A. hydrophila infection, but also killed the bacterium S. aureus on the skin wound of rats. Furthermore, neither BjRPL27 nor BjRPL2751-72 exhibited hemolytic activity towards human red blood cells, making them promising lead molecules for designing novel AMPs. These findings highlight the potential of BjRPL2751-72 as a novel AMP with selective bactericidal properties.
{"title":"Identification of a novel antimicrobial peptide from amphioxus ribosomal protein L27","authors":"Ying Chen , Mengmeng Yi , Yunsheng Wang , Lan Yao , Guangdong Ji , Zhan Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), derived from a variety of proteins such as ribosomal proteins, play a pivotal role in the innate immune system. However, information regarding ribosomal protein-derived AMPs is currently limited and their mechanisms of action remain poorly defined. Here we identified and characterized the antibacterial activity of amphioxus RPL27 (BjRPL27) and its core functional region located at residues 51–72 (termed BjRPL27<sub>51-72</sub>). We found that <em>BjRPL27</em> expression was upregulated in the hepatic caecum following bacterial infection. Both the recombinant protein rBjRPL27 and the synthetic peptide BjRPL27<sub>51-72</sub> effectively killed the Gram-positive bacterium <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and the Gram-negative bacterium <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> via a combined action of disrupting cell membrane integrity, inducing membrane depolarization, and increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Additionally, the sequence of BjRPL27<sub>51-72</sub> was highly conserved among all eukaryotic RPL27s, implying an ancient origin for the antibacterial activity of the RPL27 family. <em>In vivo</em> assays showed that BjRPL27<sub>51-72</sub> not only efficiently protected zebrafish from <em>A. hydrophila</em> infection, but also killed the bacterium <em>S. aureus</em> on the skin wound of rats. Furthermore, neither BjRPL27 nor BjRPL27<sub>51-72</sub> exhibited hemolytic activity towards human red blood cells, making them promising lead molecules for designing novel AMPs. These findings highlight the potential of BjRPL27<sub>51-72</sub> as a novel AMP with selective bactericidal properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 110063"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110059
El-Sayed Hemdan Eissa , Basma M. Hendam , Hagar Sedeek Dighiesh , Heba E. Abd Elnabi , Salah El-Sayed Sakr , Hoda Kabary , Afaf N. Abdel Rahman , Moaheda E.H. Eissa , Norhan H. Ahmed
In shrimp aquaculture, enhancing health and disease resistance is crucial for sustainable production. This study investigates the pioneering effects of astaxanthin-enriched microalgal powder from Haematococcus pluvialis (HP) on Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), focusing on growth efficiency, body composition, immune and antioxidant responses, intestinal health, histopathology, gene expression, and resistance against Fusarium solani. Shrimp (initial weight 5.27 ± 0.12 g) were separated into four groups and fed diets supplemented with HP at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 g/kg feed (control, HP 0.5, HP1, and HP1.5), respectively, for 8 weeks. The outcomes revealed marked improvements in growth, feed utilization, and survival rate of the HP-fed groups. The improvement was dose-dependent. The protein and ash content increased and the lipid decreased with HP supplementation. A dose-dependent augmented antioxidant-immune response was obvious in the HP-fed groups. This is proven by the high level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase, total hemocyte count, respiratory burst, lysozyme (LYZ), phenoloxidase (PO), and phagocytic activity with up-regulation of proPO, LYZ, SOD, and CAT genes. Dietary HP influenced the intestinal bacterial community, where it reduced total aerobic and fecal bacteria and rose total probiotic bacteria and Clostridium counts. Histological investigation showed increased secretory vesicles within B-cells in the hepato-pancreas and larger muscle fibers in the HP-fed groups. Additionally, dietary HP notably lowered mortality rates upon the F. solani challenge, with a reduction from 65.00 % in the control to 45.00 %, 35.00%, and 35.00 % in the HP 0.5, HP1, and HP1.5 groups, respectively. Our study recommends adopting dietary HP at the optimal dose of 1.2 g/kg diet relying on the broken line regression model. This study provides valuable insights into the potential of HP as a dietary supplement to improve the health, growth, and disease resistance of L. vannamei, marking a significant advancement in shrimp aquaculture.
{"title":"The benefits of astaxanthin-rich microalgal powder on growth, health, and disease resistance against Fusarium solani in Pacific white shrimp","authors":"El-Sayed Hemdan Eissa , Basma M. Hendam , Hagar Sedeek Dighiesh , Heba E. Abd Elnabi , Salah El-Sayed Sakr , Hoda Kabary , Afaf N. Abdel Rahman , Moaheda E.H. Eissa , Norhan H. Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In shrimp aquaculture, enhancing health and disease resistance is crucial for sustainable production. This study investigates the pioneering effects of astaxanthin-enriched microalgal powder from <em>Haematococcus pluvialis</em> (HP) on Pacific white shrimp (<em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em>), focusing on growth efficiency, body composition, immune and antioxidant responses, intestinal health, histopathology, gene expression, and resistance against <em>Fusarium solani</em>. Shrimp (initial weight 5.27 ± 0.12 g) were separated into four groups and fed diets supplemented with HP at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 g/kg feed (control, HP <sub>0.5</sub>, HP<sub>1</sub>, and HP<sub>1.5</sub>), respectively, for 8 weeks. The outcomes revealed marked improvements in growth, feed utilization, and survival rate of the HP-fed groups. The improvement was dose-dependent. The protein and ash content increased and the lipid decreased with HP supplementation. A dose-dependent augmented antioxidant-immune response was obvious in the HP-fed groups. This is proven by the high level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase, total hemocyte count, respiratory burst, lysozyme (LYZ), phenoloxidase (PO), and phagocytic activity with up-regulation of <em>proPO</em>, <em>LYZ</em>, <em>SOD</em>, and <em>CAT</em> genes. Dietary HP influenced the intestinal bacterial community, where it reduced total aerobic and fecal bacteria and rose total probiotic bacteria and <em>Clostridium</em> counts. Histological investigation showed increased secretory vesicles within B-cells in the hepato-pancreas and larger muscle fibers in the HP-fed groups. Additionally, dietary HP notably lowered mortality rates upon the <em>F. solani</em> challenge, with a reduction from 65.00 % in the control to 45.00 %, 35.00%, and 35.00 % in the HP <sub>0.5</sub>, HP<sub>1</sub>, and HP<sub>1.5</sub> groups, respectively. Our study recommends adopting dietary HP at the optimal dose of 1.2 g/kg diet relying on the broken line regression model. This study provides valuable insights into the potential of HP as a dietary supplement to improve the health, growth, and disease resistance of <em>L. vannamei</em>, marking a significant advancement in shrimp aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 110059"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110058
Sheida Azizi , Joan Carles Balasch , Sara Cartan , Ismael Jerez-Cepa , Juan M. Mancera , Lluis Tort , Ali Reza Khansari
The effectiveness of vaccines may be compromised by the stress response induced by intraperitoneal/intramuscular (IP/IM) vaccination due to an intimate interaction between the neuroendocrine and immune systems. Essential oils (EOs), known for their antibacterial, antioxidant, and sedative properties, are potential candidates to mitigate this stress response. This study investigates the short-term sedative effect of two essential oil-based products, FishEase-C (FEC) and FishEase-L (FEL) in sea bass prior to intraperitoneal vaccination (IP). Physiological stress indicators (plasma cortisol, glucose, lactate) increased 1-h post-vaccination (hpv) as expected. Cortisol remained elevated up to 24 hpv in the N.P. vaccine and FEC + vaccine groups but decreased with FEL treatment (FEL + vaccine group). However, FEC at the tested concentration appeared to induce stress. The transcription of stress (gr, hsp70, cox2), immune (il1β, il6, tnfα), and antioxidant (gpx, sod, catalase) genes confirmed the vaccination-induced stress response, with mc2r transcription indicating increased cortisol production in vaccinated groups (N.P. vaccine and FEC + vaccine). FEL reduced stress at both physiological (e.g., cortisol) and transcriptional levels (e.g., hsp70, cox2 and il6) at either 1 or 24 hpv. It is worth noting that, from an inflammatory perspective, there was a big difference between tissues in terms of magnitude and pattern (treatment and time effects). The brain was more resistant to inflammation, while the head kidney and spleen showed heightened il1β expression (860-2100-fold). These findings support the use of FEL as a sedative before IP/IM vaccination in sea bass.
由于神经内分泌和免疫系统之间的密切相互作用，疫苗的有效性可能会受到由腹腔/肌肉注射（IP/IM）疫苗接种引起的应激反应的影响。精油（EOs）以其抗菌、抗氧化和镇静特性而闻名，是缓解这种应激反应的潜在候选者。本研究研究了两种精油产品fish - ase- c （FEC）和fish - ase- l （FEL）在黑鲈腹腔注射疫苗（IP）前的短期镇静作用。接种hpv疫苗1小时后，生理应激指标（血浆皮质醇、葡萄糖、乳酸）如预期增加。在N.P.疫苗组和FEC+疫苗组中，皮质醇升高至24 hpv，但在FEL治疗组（FEL+疫苗组）中下降。然而，在测试浓度下，FEC似乎诱导了应力。应激基因（gr、hsp70、cox2）、免疫基因（il - 1β、il - 6、tnf - α）和抗氧化基因（gpx、sod、过氧化氢酶）的转录证实了疫苗诱导的应激反应，mc2r转录表明接种组（N.P.疫苗和FEC+疫苗）皮质醇的产生增加。FEL降低了1或24个hpv病毒的生理（如皮质醇）和转录水平（如hsp70， cox2和il6）的应激。值得注意的是，从炎症的角度来看，组织之间在大小和模式（治疗和时间效应）方面存在很大差异。大脑对炎症的抵抗力更强，而头部肾脏和脾脏的il - 1β表达升高（860-2100倍）。这些发现支持在黑鲈接种IP/IM疫苗前使用FEL作为镇静剂。
{"title":"Enhancing farmed fish welfare: Evaluating the effectiveness of plant-based stress mitigating agents as sedatives in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) following intraperitoneal vaccination","authors":"Sheida Azizi , Joan Carles Balasch , Sara Cartan , Ismael Jerez-Cepa , Juan M. Mancera , Lluis Tort , Ali Reza Khansari","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effectiveness of vaccines may be compromised by the stress response induced by intraperitoneal/intramuscular (IP/IM) vaccination due to an intimate interaction between the neuroendocrine and immune systems. Essential oils (EOs), known for their antibacterial, antioxidant, and sedative properties, are potential candidates to mitigate this stress response. This study investigates the short-term sedative effect of two essential oil-based products, FishEase-C (FEC) and FishEase-L (FEL) in sea bass prior to intraperitoneal vaccination (IP). Physiological stress indicators (plasma cortisol, glucose, lactate) increased 1-h post-vaccination (hpv) as expected. Cortisol remained elevated up to 24 hpv in the N.P. vaccine and FEC + vaccine groups but decreased with FEL treatment (FEL + vaccine group). However, FEC at the tested concentration appeared to induce stress. The transcription of stress (<em>gr</em>, <em>hsp70</em>, <em>cox2</em>), immune (<em>il1β</em>, <em>il6</em>, <em>tnfα</em>), and antioxidant (<em>gpx</em>, <em>sod</em>, <em>catalase</em>) genes confirmed the vaccination-induced stress response, with <em>mc2r</em> transcription indicating increased cortisol production in vaccinated groups (N.P. vaccine and FEC + vaccine). FEL reduced stress at both physiological (e.g., cortisol) and transcriptional levels (e.g., <em>hsp70</em>, <em>cox2</em> and <em>il6</em>) at either 1 or 24 hpv. It is worth noting that, from an inflammatory perspective, there was a big difference between tissues in terms of magnitude and pattern (treatment and time effects). The brain was more resistant to inflammation, while the head kidney and spleen showed heightened <em>il1β</em> expression (860-2100-fold). These findings support the use of FEL as a sedative before IP/IM vaccination in sea bass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 110058"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142754771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号