Lys48-linked ubiquitin chains, regulating proteasomal protein degradation, are known to include cyclized forms. This cyclization hinders recognition by many downstream proteins by occluding the Ile44-centered patch. In contrast, the A20-like Znf domain of ZNF216 (a ubiquitin-binding protein, A20 Znf) is expected to bind to cyclic ubiquitin chains via constitutively solvent-exposed surfaces. However, the underlying interaction mechanism remains unclear. Here, our ITC and NMR experiments collectively showed that cyclization did not interfere with and even slightly enhance the molecular recognition of diubiquitin by A20 Znf. This effect is explained by the cyclization-induced repression of conformational dynamics in diubiquitin and an enlarged molecular interface in the complex. Thus, these results suggest that cyclic ubiquitin chains can be involved in regulation of ZNF216-dependent proteasomal protein degradation.
{"title":"Cyclization of ubiquitin chains reinforces their recognition by ZNF216.","authors":"Tomoki Sorada, Erik Walinda, Daichi Morimoto","doi":"10.1002/1873-3468.14951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.14951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lys48-linked ubiquitin chains, regulating proteasomal protein degradation, are known to include cyclized forms. This cyclization hinders recognition by many downstream proteins by occluding the Ile44-centered patch. In contrast, the A20-like Znf domain of ZNF216 (a ubiquitin-binding protein, A20 Znf) is expected to bind to cyclic ubiquitin chains via constitutively solvent-exposed surfaces. However, the underlying interaction mechanism remains unclear. Here, our ITC and NMR experiments collectively showed that cyclization did not interfere with and even slightly enhance the molecular recognition of diubiquitin by A20 Znf. This effect is explained by the cyclization-induced repression of conformational dynamics in diubiquitin and an enlarged molecular interface in the complex. Thus, these results suggest that cyclic ubiquitin chains can be involved in regulation of ZNF216-dependent proteasomal protein degradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12142,"journal":{"name":"FEBS Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141295858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The intricate landscape of cellular processes governing gene transcription, chromatin organization, and genome stability is a fascinating field of study. A key player in maintaining this delicate equilibrium is the cohesin complex, a molecular machine with multifaceted roles. This review presents an in-depth exploration of these intricate connections and their significant impact on various human diseases.
{"title":"Cohesin - bridging the gap among gene transcription, genome stability, and human diseases.","authors":"Maddalena Di Nardo, Antonio Musio","doi":"10.1002/1873-3468.14949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.14949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intricate landscape of cellular processes governing gene transcription, chromatin organization, and genome stability is a fascinating field of study. A key player in maintaining this delicate equilibrium is the cohesin complex, a molecular machine with multifaceted roles. This review presents an in-depth exploration of these intricate connections and their significant impact on various human diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12142,"journal":{"name":"FEBS Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141295857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martín Alcorlo, Siseth Martínez-Caballero, Jianwei Li, Lok-To Sham, Min Luo, Juan A Hermoso
The FtsEX membrane complex constitutes an essential component of the ABC transporter superfamily, widely distributed among bacterial species. It governs peptidoglycan degradation for cell division, acting as a signal transmitter rather than a substrate transporter. Through the ATPase activity of FtsE, it facilitates signal transmission from the cytosol across the membrane to the periplasm, activating associated peptidoglycan hydrolases. This review concentrates on the latest structural advancements elucidating the architecture of the FtsEX complex and its interplay with lytic enzymes or regulatory counterparts. The revealed three-dimensional structures unveil a landscape wherein a precise array of intermolecular interactions, preserved across diverse bacterial species, afford meticulous spatial and temporal control over the cell division process.
FtsEX 膜复合体是 ABC 转运体超家族的重要组成部分,广泛分布于细菌物种中。它控制着细胞分裂所需的肽聚糖降解,是一种信号传递器,而不是底物转运器。通过 FtsE 的 ATP 酶活性,它能促进信号从细胞膜传递到外质,激活相关的肽聚糖水解酶。这篇综述集中探讨了最新的结构进展,阐明了 FtsEX 复合物的结构及其与溶解酶或调控对应物的相互作用。所揭示的三维结构揭示了一幅图景,在这幅图景中,一系列精确的分子间相互作用在不同的细菌物种中得以保留,对细胞分裂过程进行了细致的空间和时间控制。
{"title":"Modulation of the lytic apparatus by the FtsEX complex within the bacterial division machinery.","authors":"Martín Alcorlo, Siseth Martínez-Caballero, Jianwei Li, Lok-To Sham, Min Luo, Juan A Hermoso","doi":"10.1002/1873-3468.14953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.14953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The FtsEX membrane complex constitutes an essential component of the ABC transporter superfamily, widely distributed among bacterial species. It governs peptidoglycan degradation for cell division, acting as a signal transmitter rather than a substrate transporter. Through the ATPase activity of FtsE, it facilitates signal transmission from the cytosol across the membrane to the periplasm, activating associated peptidoglycan hydrolases. This review concentrates on the latest structural advancements elucidating the architecture of the FtsEX complex and its interplay with lytic enzymes or regulatory counterparts. The revealed three-dimensional structures unveil a landscape wherein a precise array of intermolecular interactions, preserved across diverse bacterial species, afford meticulous spatial and temporal control over the cell division process.</p>","PeriodicalId":12142,"journal":{"name":"FEBS Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141287966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kalliopi Stratigi, Athanasios Siametis, George A Garinis
Recently, there has been increasing interest in the complex relationship between transcription and genome stability, with specific attention directed toward the physiological significance of molecular structures known as R-loops. These structures arise when an RNA strand invades into the DNA duplex, and their formation is involved in a wide range of regulatory functions affecting gene expression, DNA repair processes or cell homeostasis. The persistent presence of R-loops, if not effectively removed, contributes to genome instability, underscoring the significance of the factors responsible for their resolution and modification. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of how R-loop processing can drive either a beneficial or a harmful outcome. Additionally, we explore the potential for manipulating such structures to devise rationalized therapeutic strategies targeting the aberrant accumulation of R-loops.
最近,人们对转录与基因组稳定性之间的复杂关系越来越感兴趣,特别关注被称为 R 环的分子结构的生理意义。这些结构是在 RNA 链侵入 DNA 双链时产生的,它们的形成与影响基因表达、DNA 修复过程或细胞稳态的多种调控功能有关。R 环的持续存在如果不能有效清除,就会导致基因组不稳定,这就凸显了负责解决和修饰 R 环的因素的重要性。在这篇综述中,我们将全面概述 R 环处理如何产生有益或有害的结果。此外,我们还探讨了操纵这种结构的潜力,以针对 R 环的异常积累设计合理的治疗策略。
{"title":"Looping forward: exploring R-loop processing and therapeutic potential.","authors":"Kalliopi Stratigi, Athanasios Siametis, George A Garinis","doi":"10.1002/1873-3468.14947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.14947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, there has been increasing interest in the complex relationship between transcription and genome stability, with specific attention directed toward the physiological significance of molecular structures known as R-loops. These structures arise when an RNA strand invades into the DNA duplex, and their formation is involved in a wide range of regulatory functions affecting gene expression, DNA repair processes or cell homeostasis. The persistent presence of R-loops, if not effectively removed, contributes to genome instability, underscoring the significance of the factors responsible for their resolution and modification. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of how R-loop processing can drive either a beneficial or a harmful outcome. Additionally, we explore the potential for manipulating such structures to devise rationalized therapeutic strategies targeting the aberrant accumulation of R-loops.</p>","PeriodicalId":12142,"journal":{"name":"FEBS Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141283429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Omar Arias-Gaguancela, Emily Herrell, Kent D. Chapman
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is a conserved hydrolase in eukaryotes with promiscuous activity toward a range of acylamide substrates. The native substrate repertoire for FAAH has just begun to be explored in plant systems outside the model Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we used ex vivo lipidomics to identify potential endogenous substrates for Medicago truncatula FAAH1 (MtFAAH1). We incubated recombinant MtFAAH1 with lipid mixtures extracted from M. truncatula and resolved their profiles via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Data revealed that besides N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), sn-1 or sn-2 isomers of monoacylglycerols (MAGs) were substrates for MtFAAH1. Combined with in vitro and computational approaches, our data support both amidase and esterase activities for MtFAAH1. MAG-mediated hydrolysis via MtFAAH1 may be linked to biological roles that are yet to be discovered.
{"title":"Ex vivo lipidomics reveal monoacylglycerols as substrates for a fatty acid amide hydrolase in the legume Medicago truncatula","authors":"Omar Arias-Gaguancela, Emily Herrell, Kent D. Chapman","doi":"10.1002/1873-3468.14944","DOIUrl":"10.1002/1873-3468.14944","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is a conserved hydrolase in eukaryotes with promiscuous activity toward a range of acylamide substrates. The native substrate repertoire for FAAH has just begun to be explored in plant systems outside the model <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>. Here, we used <i>ex vivo</i> lipidomics to identify potential endogenous substrates for <i>Medicago truncatula</i> FAAH1 (MtFAAH1). We incubated recombinant MtFAAH1 with lipid mixtures extracted from <i>M. truncatula</i> and resolved their profiles via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Data revealed that besides <i>N</i>-acylethanolamines (NAEs), <i>sn-1</i> or <i>sn-2</i> isomers of monoacylglycerols (MAGs) were substrates for MtFAAH1. Combined with <i>in vitro</i> and computational approaches, our data support both amidase and esterase activities for MtFAAH1. MAG-mediated hydrolysis via MtFAAH1 may be linked to biological roles that are yet to be discovered.</p>","PeriodicalId":12142,"journal":{"name":"FEBS Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/1873-3468.14944","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141237098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transporters for organic cations (OCs) facilitate exchange of positively charged molecules through the plasma membrane. Substrates for these transporters encompass neurotransmitters, metabolic byproducts, drugs, and xenobiotics. Consequently, these transporters actively contribute to the regulation of neurotransmission, cellular penetration and elimination process for metabolic products, drugs, and xenobiotics. Therefore, these transporters have significant physiological, pharmacological, and toxicological implications. In cells of renal proximal tubules, the vectorial secretion pathways for OCs involve expression of organic cation transporters (OCTs) and multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATEs) on basolateral and apical membrane domains, respectively. This review provides an overview of documented regulatory mechanisms governing OCTs and MATEs. Additionally, regulation of these transporters under various pathological conditions is summarized. The expression and functionality of OCTs and MATEs are subject to diverse pre- and post-translational modifications, providing insights into their regulation in various pathological conditions. Typically, in diseases, downregulation of transporter expression is observed, probably as a protective mechanism to prevent additional damage to kidney tissue. This regulation may be attributed to the intricate network of modifications these transporters undergo, shedding light on their dynamic responses in pathological contexts.
{"title":"Regulation of renal organic cation transporters.","authors":"Moritz Pernecker, Giuliano Ciarimboli","doi":"10.1002/1873-3468.14943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.14943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transporters for organic cations (OCs) facilitate exchange of positively charged molecules through the plasma membrane. Substrates for these transporters encompass neurotransmitters, metabolic byproducts, drugs, and xenobiotics. Consequently, these transporters actively contribute to the regulation of neurotransmission, cellular penetration and elimination process for metabolic products, drugs, and xenobiotics. Therefore, these transporters have significant physiological, pharmacological, and toxicological implications. In cells of renal proximal tubules, the vectorial secretion pathways for OCs involve expression of organic cation transporters (OCTs) and multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATEs) on basolateral and apical membrane domains, respectively. This review provides an overview of documented regulatory mechanisms governing OCTs and MATEs. Additionally, regulation of these transporters under various pathological conditions is summarized. The expression and functionality of OCTs and MATEs are subject to diverse pre- and post-translational modifications, providing insights into their regulation in various pathological conditions. Typically, in diseases, downregulation of transporter expression is observed, probably as a protective mechanism to prevent additional damage to kidney tissue. This regulation may be attributed to the intricate network of modifications these transporters undergo, shedding light on their dynamic responses in pathological contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12142,"journal":{"name":"FEBS Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141237139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aging is a multifactorial process occurring in a pathophysiological continuum which leads to organ and system functional loss. While aging is not a disease, its pathophysiological continuum predisposes to illness and multimorbidity clusters which share common biomolecular mechanisms—the pillars of aging. Brain aging and neurodegeneration share many hallmarks with other age-related diseases. The central nervous system is often the weakest link susceptible to the aging process and its deterioration, resulting in cognitive impairment and other symptoms; the aging process is associated with proteostasis collapse, stem cell exhaustion, repair mechanisms, altered brain nutrient sensing, endothelial changes, inflammation, oxidative distress, and energy unbalance, as well as other disturbances. These mechanisms are highly interwoven, and considerable research is aimed at their disentanglement and detection of their clinically relevant impact, particularly in order to identify pharmacological and non-pharmacological preventive and therapeutic strategies.
{"title":"Embracing complexity of (brain) aging","authors":"M. Cristina Polidori","doi":"10.1002/1873-3468.14941","DOIUrl":"10.1002/1873-3468.14941","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aging is a multifactorial process occurring in a pathophysiological continuum which leads to organ and system functional loss. While aging is not a disease, its pathophysiological continuum predisposes to illness and multimorbidity clusters which share common biomolecular mechanisms—the pillars of aging. Brain aging and neurodegeneration share many hallmarks with other age-related diseases. The central nervous system is often the weakest link susceptible to the aging process and its deterioration, resulting in cognitive impairment and other symptoms; the aging process is associated with proteostasis collapse, stem cell exhaustion, repair mechanisms, altered brain nutrient sensing, endothelial changes, inflammation, oxidative distress, and energy unbalance, as well as other disturbances. These mechanisms are highly interwoven, and considerable research is aimed at their disentanglement and detection of their clinically relevant impact, particularly in order to identify pharmacological and non-pharmacological preventive and therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12142,"journal":{"name":"FEBS Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/1873-3468.14941","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141237089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Duco S. Koenis, Inkie J. A. Evers-van Gogh, Pieter B. van Loenen, Wilbert Zwart, Eric Kalkhoven, Carlie J. M. de Vries
Mitochondrial biogenesis requires precise regulation of both mitochondrial-encoded and nuclear-encoded genes. Nuclear receptor Nur77 is known to regulate mitochondrial metabolism in macrophages and skeletal muscle. Here, we compared genome-wide Nur77 binding site and target gene expression in these two cell types, which revealed conserved regulation of mitochondrial genes and enrichment of motifs for the transcription factor Yin-Yang 1 (YY1). We show that Nur77 and YY1 interact, that YY1 increases Nur77 activity, and that their binding sites are co-enriched at mitochondrial ribosomal protein gene loci in macrophages. Nur77 and YY1 co-expression synergistically increases Mrpl1 expression as well as mitochondrial abundance and activity in macrophages but not skeletal muscle. As such, we identify a macrophage-specific Nur77-YY1 interaction that enhances mitochondrial metabolism.
{"title":"Nuclear receptor Nur77 and Yin-Yang 1 synergistically increase mitochondrial abundance and activity in macrophages","authors":"Duco S. Koenis, Inkie J. A. Evers-van Gogh, Pieter B. van Loenen, Wilbert Zwart, Eric Kalkhoven, Carlie J. M. de Vries","doi":"10.1002/1873-3468.14942","DOIUrl":"10.1002/1873-3468.14942","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mitochondrial biogenesis requires precise regulation of both mitochondrial-encoded and nuclear-encoded genes. Nuclear receptor Nur77 is known to regulate mitochondrial metabolism in macrophages and skeletal muscle. Here, we compared genome-wide Nur77 binding site and target gene expression in these two cell types, which revealed conserved regulation of mitochondrial genes and enrichment of motifs for the transcription factor Yin-Yang 1 (YY1). We show that Nur77 and YY1 interact, that YY1 increases Nur77 activity, and that their binding sites are co-enriched at mitochondrial ribosomal protein gene loci in macrophages. Nur77 and YY1 co-expression synergistically increases <i>Mrpl1</i> expression as well as mitochondrial abundance and activity in macrophages but not skeletal muscle. As such, we identify a macrophage-specific Nur77-YY1 interaction that enhances mitochondrial metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":12142,"journal":{"name":"FEBS Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/1873-3468.14942","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141199178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elevated oxidative stress, which threatens genome stability, has been detected in almost all types of cancers. Cells employ various DNA repair pathways to cope with DNA damage induced by oxidative stress. Recently, a lot of studies have provided insights into DNA damage response upon oxidative stress, specifically in the context of transcriptionally active genomes. Here, we summarize recent studies to help understand how the transcription is regulated upon DNA double strand breaks (DSB) and how DNA repair pathways are selectively activated at the damage sites coupling with transcription. The role of RNA molecules, especially R-loops and RNA modifications during the DNA repair process, is critical for protecting genome stability. This review provides an update on how cells protect transcribed genome loci via transcription-coupled repair pathways.
几乎在所有类型的癌症中都发现了氧化应激的升高,它威胁着基因组的稳定性。细胞采用各种 DNA 修复途径来应对氧化应激引起的 DNA 损伤。最近,许多研究深入探讨了氧化应激时的DNA损伤反应,特别是在转录活跃的基因组中。在此,我们总结了最近的研究,以帮助理解 DNA 双链断裂(DSB)时如何调控转录,以及 DNA 修复途径如何在损伤位点选择性地激活与转录的耦合。在 DNA 修复过程中,RNA 分子(尤其是 R 环和 RNA 修饰)的作用对保护基因组稳定性至关重要。本综述介绍了细胞如何通过转录耦合修复途径保护转录基因组位点的最新情况。
{"title":"Transcription-coupled DNA repair protects genome stability upon oxidative stress-derived DNA strand breaks.","authors":"Haibo Yang, Li Lan","doi":"10.1002/1873-3468.14938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.14938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elevated oxidative stress, which threatens genome stability, has been detected in almost all types of cancers. Cells employ various DNA repair pathways to cope with DNA damage induced by oxidative stress. Recently, a lot of studies have provided insights into DNA damage response upon oxidative stress, specifically in the context of transcriptionally active genomes. Here, we summarize recent studies to help understand how the transcription is regulated upon DNA double strand breaks (DSB) and how DNA repair pathways are selectively activated at the damage sites coupling with transcription. The role of RNA molecules, especially R-loops and RNA modifications during the DNA repair process, is critical for protecting genome stability. This review provides an update on how cells protect transcribed genome loci via transcription-coupled repair pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":12142,"journal":{"name":"FEBS Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141175140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jitske Bak, Thijn R. Brummelkamp, Anastassis Perrakis
Microtubules are a major component of the cytoskeleton and can accumulate a plethora of modifications. The microtubule detyrosination cycle is one of these modifications; it involves the enzymatic removal of the C-terminal tyrosine of α-tubulin on assembled microtubules and the re-ligation of tyrosine on detyrosinated tubulin dimers. This modification cycle has been implicated in cardiac disease, neuronal development, and mitotic defects. The vasohibin and microtubule-associated tyrosine carboxypeptidase enzyme families are responsible for microtubule detyrosination. Their long-sought discovery allows to review and summarise differences and similarities between the two enzymes families and discuss how they interplay with other modifications and functions of the tubulin code.
微管是细胞骨架的主要组成部分,可以积累大量的修饰。微管脱酪氨酸化循环就是这些修饰之一;它涉及用酶去除组装微管上α-微管蛋白 C 端酪氨酸,并在脱酪氨酸化的微管蛋白二聚体上重新连接酪氨酸。这种修饰循环与心脏疾病、神经元发育和有丝分裂缺陷有关。血管抑制素和微管相关酪氨酸羧肽酶家族负责微管脱酪氨酸化。通过对这两个酶家族的长期研究发现,我们可以回顾和总结这两个酶家族之间的异同,并讨论它们是如何与微管蛋白代码的其他修饰和功能相互作用的。
{"title":"Decoding microtubule detyrosination: enzyme families, structures, and functional implications","authors":"Jitske Bak, Thijn R. Brummelkamp, Anastassis Perrakis","doi":"10.1002/1873-3468.14940","DOIUrl":"10.1002/1873-3468.14940","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Microtubules are a major component of the cytoskeleton and can accumulate a plethora of modifications. The microtubule detyrosination cycle is one of these modifications; it involves the enzymatic removal of the C-terminal tyrosine of α-tubulin on assembled microtubules and the re-ligation of tyrosine on detyrosinated tubulin dimers. This modification cycle has been implicated in cardiac disease, neuronal development, and mitotic defects. The vasohibin and microtubule-associated tyrosine carboxypeptidase enzyme families are responsible for microtubule detyrosination. Their long-sought discovery allows to review and summarise differences and similarities between the two enzymes families and discuss how they interplay with other modifications and functions of the tubulin code.</p>","PeriodicalId":12142,"journal":{"name":"FEBS Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/1873-3468.14940","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141175137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}