European review for medical and pharmacological sciences最新文献

OBJECTIVE: α-tocopherol has a protective role against free radical-induced damage. The intestinal absorption of α-tocopherol is in part carried out by Nieman-Pick1-like1 protein, which is the target of ezetimibe, a drug used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Ezetimibe is frequently prescribed to patients with type 2 diabetes in combination with statins. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of ezetimibe treatment on the blood level of α-tocopherol. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred patients affected by type 2 diabetes, regularly attending the diabetes clinic, were recruited. All patients should not have received vitamin supplements in the six months preceding the study. α-tocopherol was measured by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Other laboratory parameters were determined by standard laboratory procedures. Patients were analyzed according to ezetimibe treatment. A linear multivariate regression analysis was used to estimate the factors associated with α-tocopherol level. RESULTS: The majority of patients were on ezetimibe/statin treatment. Patients taking ezetimibe showed a significantly lower α-tocopherol level, 29.9±5.7 vs. 32.9±7.0 μmol/L (p=0.006) compared to those not taking the drug. Ezetimibe was significantly and negatively associated with α-tocopherol level in the multivariate analysis (β standardized coefficient = -.217, p = .002). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with ezetimibe can reduce α-tocopherol plasma levels by inhibiting the Niemann-Pick C1-like protein. Future studies are required to address the clinical implications of this finding.

Graphical abstract: https://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/Graphical-Abstract-NEW-2-scaled.jpg.

The article "The efficacy and safety of a single dose of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide gynaecologic solution versus a seven-dose regimen of vaginal clindamycin cream in patients with bacterial vaginosis" by M. Minozzi, S. Gerli, G.C. Di Renzo, E. Papaleo, A. Ferrari, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2008; 12 (1): 59-65-PMID: 18401974 has been retracted by the Authors in accordance with the Publisher and the Editor in Chief. Following some concerns raised by a third party regarding a possible high degree of textual similarity with a previously published paper, the journal has started an investigation. The authors were informed of the ongoing investigation and were asked to provide original data and clarify several other issues. In response, the authors requested the retraction of the manuscript, citing discrepancies related to the article and expressing a lack of confidence in the accuracy of the information submitted. This article has been retracted. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/477.

Objective: The study compared anterior knee laxity and anterior cruciate ligament magnetic resonance signals between healthy and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) knees after exercise to verify differences. This research can guide future training to reduce the risk of reinjury.

Materials and methods: Fifty-four male footballers between June and August 2022 were enrolled in this case-control study. Subjects who underwent ACLR in the previous 3 years (study group) were compared with healthy volunteers (control group). Each group consisted of twenty-seven patients. Data recorded were anterior tibial translation (ATT) expressed in millimeters using an arthrometer and the ratio of ACL to fat tissue signal intensity using magnetic resonance imaging. Measurements were collected at T0 (at rest), T1 (after 40 minutes of linear running of 3.5 miles), and T2 (after 90 minutes of a regular football match).

Results: No statistical difference was observed in demographic pre-analysis features. No difference was indicated between the two groups according to ATT. Conversely, ACL natives demonstrated significant increases in the ratio of ACL to fat tissue signal intensity when compared with ACLR in the three different measurements. Regarding differences within each group, we demonstrated that anterior knee laxity increased in both groups after 90 minutes of a regular football match. The ACL MRI signal did not differ in the study group, but it increased in the control group after exercise.

Conclusions: Although exhibiting distinct MRI signals, ACL-reconstructed tendons show similar post-exercise joint laxity as healthy ligaments. Looking ahead, leveraging specific insights could help tailor training sessions for preventive purposes.

The Editor in Chief and the Publisher are issuing an expression of concern regarding the following article: Unfer V, Carlomagno G, Rizzo P, Raffone E, Roseff S. Myo-inositol rather than D-chiro-inositol is able to improve oocyte quality in intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles. A prospective, controlled, randomized trial. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2011 Apr; 15(4): 452-457. PMID: 21608442. This Expression of Concern is issued following a notification from a third party concerning a potential conflict of interest involving Dr. Unfer's role at Loli Pharma, the company marketing inositol-based products. This expression of concern aims to notify a possible bias arising from an undeclared conflict of interest. The authors have been notified of both the ongoing investigation and the publication of this notice. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/929.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the metabolic profiles and the frequency of the Serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11) rs8111699 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) among Jordanian women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety Jordanian women with PCOS and ninety healthy controls participated in the study. Metabolic characteristics were recorded, and direct sequencing was used to identify STK11 SNP genotypes. RESULTS: Among the PCOS patients, 23 (31.1%) had the wild-type (CC) genotype, while 39 (46.6%) and 28 (35.5%) had heterozygous (CG) and homozygous (GG) genotypes, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the genotype and allele distribution between the cases and controls (p=0.264 and p<0.702, respectively). Women carrying the minor G allele had poor metabolic profiles and more severe clinical features. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the importance of early detection of PCOS, especially in high-risk populations, to enable timely preventive interventions. The interplay between genetic and metabolic profiles offers guidance for improving treatment outcomes in women with PCOS.

Graphical abstract: https://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/Graphical-abstract-14056.jpg.

OBJECTIVE: Open partial laryngectomy (pLE), in cases not suited for transoral resection, aims to provide an oncologically safe resection, maintaining laryngeal function without the need for permanent tracheostomy. In cases requiring extensive resection, debate remains about whether pLE is feasible with a functional outcome or if total laryngectomy (tLE) is preferable. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This monocentric retrospective cohort study evaluated the resection of locally advanced (T3, T4) laryngeal carcinoma (LC) performed via open pLE or tLE between November 2010 and August 2023. Transoral resections, T1 and T2 cases were excluded. The presence of tracheostomy, the rate of oral feeding, the ability to phonate, and the oncologic outcome were assessed. RESULTS: The outcome of 38 pLEs and 56 tLEs was assessed. Adjuvant therapy was administered in 76% (n=29/38) pLEs and 47% (n=26/56) tLEs. While the oncologic results remained comparable between the two procedures (negative margins: p = 0.349; 5-year overall survival: p = 0.421), total laryngectomy (tLE) achieved better functional outcomes. Swallowing ability was markedly better after tLE (pLE vs. tLE: 39.5% vs. 91%, p < 0.001), particularly in patients with T4 tumors (pLE vs. tLE: 14% vs. 89%, p < 0.001) and in those over 65 years (pLE vs. tLE: 14% vs. 100%; p < 0.001). Overall, aspiration was the most frequent post-therapeutic complication after pLE, preventing unassisted oral intake in 58% of cases (22/38). The tracheostomy could be closed in 26% (n=10/38) of pLE-patients, at a median of 6.57 months (range 0.6-24 months). Consequently, after pLE 74% (n=28/38) of patients retained their tracheostomy at a median follow-up of 4 years. CONCLUSIONS: The low rates of tracheostoma closure, low rates of oral feeding over a median of 4 years, and R0 resection status of T4 tumors after pLE compared to tLE suggest patients with locally advanced LC are better suited for tLE.

Graphical abstract: https://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/Graphical-Abstract-NEW-1.jpg.

OBJECTIVE: Degenerative meniscal lesions consist of an alteration of the meniscal structure, eventually leading to pain and dysfunction. In the absence of mechanical symptoms, meniscectomy should be considered the last resort. Polynucleotides represent a novel treatment option which have shown promising results in different fields, including knee osteoarthritis. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a cycle of intra- and peri-meniscal polynucleotide injections for the treatment of degenerative meniscus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study included 30 patients aged 25-65 with degenerative meniscal tears confirmed by MRI. Eligible patients were treated with three intra- and peri-meniscal injections of polynucleotides, administered with a two-week time interval under ultrasound guidance. The primary outcome was improvement in the overall Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) by at least 10 points from baseline to 12-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes included Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain, the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, and the Tegner Activity Scale. Safety was assessed through the monitoring of adverse events. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients completed the 12-month follow-up. KOOS scores showed a statistically significant improvement from a mean of 61.99 at baseline to 84.32 at 12 months [95% CI: (79.25, 89.4); p<0.001]. VAS mm scores also decreased significantly, from 62.68 at baseline to 20.63 at 12 months [95% CI, (12.84, 28.41), p<0.001]. Improvements in IKDC and Tegner scores were observed but plateaued after 6 months. No adverse events were reported throughout the entire study period. CONCLUSIONS: A cycle of three intra- and peri-meniscal poly-nucleotides injections is able to provide statistically significant improvements in clinical scores up to 1 year of follow-up in patients affected by symptomatic degenerative meniscus of the knee.

Graphical abstract: https://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/Graphical-abstract-1-2.jpg.

Prediabetes is an intermediary metabolic state marked by impaired glucose control, often preceding the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Early detection of prediabetes and intervention are critical to prevent the progression to T2D and its associated complications. This review examines the effects of nutraceuticals on regulating metabolism, with a focus on glucose control, specifically chromium picolinate (CrP) and banaba leaf extract. CrP has been extensively studied, and its role in regulating metabolism has been officially recognized. Preclinical research demonstrates its ability to improve glucose control by enhancing insulin sensitivity. These effects explain the reductions in fasting plasma glucose, elevated hemoglobin A1c, and insulin levels observed in clinical studies, particularly in patients with T2D. Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa) leaf extract, rich in corosolic acid and ellagitannins, has also shown promising results in improving glycemic control. As observed in preclinical studies, both banaba extract and corosolic acid exert insulin-sensitizing, glucose-lowering, and lipid-lowering properties. Clinical trials have confirmed these effects in individuals with T2D and prediabetes. Based on this evidence, combining CrP and banaba leaf extract may offer synergistic benefits in managing dysglycemia and delaying the onset of T2D in individuals with prediabetes. Only one study has evaluated the effects of the CrP and banaba extract combination, showing positive outcomes in individuals with prediabetes. Further research is needed to corroborate these preliminary findings. In conclusion, nutraceuticals like CrP and banaba leaf extract hold promise as complementary therapies to be used alongside lifestyle modifications for individuals with prediabetes.

Graphical abstract: https://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/Graphical-Abstract-1-1-scaled.jpg.

OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in women and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Conventional prognostic tools may not fully capture disease outcomes. MicroRNA (miR) expression has emerged as a potential prognostic factor, though findings remain inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis assess the prognostic role of miR-190, miR-221, and miR-381 in predicting overall survival (OS) among breast cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus identified relevant studies. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the relationship between miR expression and OS. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS: Four studies on miR-221, four on miR-190, and three on miR-381 met inclusion criteria. High miR-190 expression was significantly associated with improved OS (HR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.47-0.84), as was miR-381 (HR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.52-0.79). No significant association was found between miR-221 expression and OS (HR: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.86-1.46). Subgroup analysis reinforced these findings, and Newcastle-Ottawa scale assessment indicated low publication bias in 10 out of 11. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated miR-190 and miR-381 levels are associated with improved OS in breast cancer, whereas the prognostic role of miR-221 remains unclear. These findings underscore the potential of miR-190 and miR-381 as prognostic biomarkers.

Graphical abstract: https://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/Graphical-Abstract-18-scaled.jpg.