European review for medical and pharmacological sciences最新文献

Objective: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, resulting from human-to-human transmission of a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a global health emergency. The lack of a specific drug or treatment strategy against this disease makes it devastating. Given that the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 plays an indispensable role in viral polyprotein processing, its successful inhibition prevents viral replication and constrains virus spread. Therefore, developing an effective SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor to treat COVID-19 is imperative.

Materials and methods: We employed a high-throughput screening (HTS) method based on fluorescence polarization (FP) assay and further confirmed by the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) method for the discovery of Mpro inhibitors. Then multiple approaches were taken to investigate the inhibition profiles of the hit compounds against Mpro, including 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) proliferation assay, surface plasmon resonance analysis (SPR), high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS), cytopathic effect (CPE) assay, molecule docking, and the drug-likeness analysis.

Results: In this study, four Mpro inhibitors with low toxicity were selected from HTS. According to SPR, all the hit compounds had medium binding affinities toward SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. HPLC-Q-TOF-MS results revealed the non-covalent linkage of each compound with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Molecule docking simulated the molecule interactions between each compound and the substrate binding pocket of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. CPE assay was used to detect their inhibitory activities against coronaviruses HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-229E. In particular, the IMB63-8G compound demonstrated the highest antiviral potency [50% effective concentration (IC50) value of 1.71 μg/mL] and selectivity against HCoV-OC43 (SI = 39), which was more than 4-fold higher than that of ribavirin (RBV). Besides, the IMB63-8G compound possessed favorable drug-likeness characteristics.

Conclusions: Our results will highlight the therapeutic potential of these compounds for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the utilization and outcomes of Hartmann's procedure in the emergency left colon surgery with respect to other stoma interventions.

Patients and methods: A total of 70 consecutive patients (mean±SD age: 71.1±15.5 years, 51.4% were males) who underwent emergency surgery for the left colon were included in this retrospective cohort study. Data on patient demographics, primary diagnosis, emergency surgery indication, operative risk, stoma type (Hartmann's procedure, primary anastomosis with diverting loop ileostomy, double-barreled ostomy), surgeon sub-specialty, postoperative complications, and stoma reversal time and rates were recorded.

Results: Hartmann's procedure (72.9%) was the most commonly utilized stoma type, followed by primary anastomosis with diverting loop ileostomy (14.3%) and double-barreled ostomy (10.0%), while primary anastomosis was performed only in 2.8% of patients. The stoma reversal rate was 25.0%, and the median time to stoma reversal was 10 months (range, 3 to 48 months). Hartmann's procedure was less commonly performed by colorectal surgeons than by general surgeons (35.3% vs. 68.4%, p=0.013) and was associated with a lower chance of stoma reversal compared to other stoma types, including primary anastomosis with diverting loop ileostomy and double-barreled ostomy (15.7% vs. 52.9%, p=0.006).

Conclusions: In conclusion, our findings revealed that Hartmann's procedure, although performed less commonly by colorectal surgeons than by general surgeons, was still the most prevalent procedure applied for the surgical management of left colon emergencies, particularly in the setting of tumor-induced obstruction or perforation, despite the potential risk of severe postoperative complications and lower stoma reversal rates with this procedure.

Objective: According to the World Health Organization, 17.9 million individuals died from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in 2019, constituting 32% of all global mortalities. In recent years, percutaneous coronary interventions such as stenting have become a common treatment approach for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the problem of angina recurrence after stenting, associated with in-stent restenosis, persists. The aim of this study was to elucidate the intricate structure of relevant countries and regions, prominent research institutions, prolific authors, and recurring keywords shaping the landscape of this field.

Materials and methods: The search strategy involved Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection databases on December 13, 2023. Bibliometric analysis was performed using the Bibliometrix R-package.

Results: An upward trend was found, characterized by an annual growth rate (AGR) of 6.82%. China leads with 17 publications, followed by Argentina with 14 and Italy with 9. Capital Medical University from China has published the largest number of articles in the field. The most significant number of publications were published in the American Journal of Cardiology. Among the top ten authors, Kim J. has published six articles and Yang C. has published four, making them the most productive in the field. "In-stent restenosis" and "percutaneous coronary intervention" were the most frequently used terms between 2002 and 2023.

Conclusions: It is important to note that the majority of studies examined were conducted in developed countries, which may influence the generalization of results. Nevertheless, there is also considerable attention to the topic from scientific groups in developing countries. This analysis helps identify gaps in the current research field and define directions for future studies.

Background: Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (IVBCG) is considered the most optimal follow-up therapy for high-risk urothelial cancers. Although side effects such as cystitis, hematuria, and low-grade fever are common, they are generally mild. Severe reactions involving the kidneys are extremely rare. Here, we present the case of a 64-year-old male who developed acute renal failure due to acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN) following the first IVBCG administration. We have also conducted a literature review concerning IVBCG-induced nephritis.

Case report: A 64-year-old male presented to the Nephrology Department with acute kidney injury indicators and hematuria. The patient was suffering from high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor was performed twice and followed by one IVBCG administration - two days before the symptoms occurred. The latest follow-up cystoscopy excluded the recurrence of the cancer. Laboratory tests displayed hyperkalemia, decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR = 4 ml/min/1.73 m2), elevated C-reactive protein, and acute metabolic acidosis. Urinalysis showed proteinuria (900 mg/24 h), leukocyturia, and erythrocyturia (20,402.7 per microliter). Renal ultrasound demonstrated slight bilateral renal enlargement. The patient was identified with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN). The treatment involved intravenous methylprednisolone (250 mg three times every two days and then 125 mg four times every two days), fol-lowed by oral methylprednisolone (24 mg and 12 mg daily alternately for a week). Piperacillin and tazobactam, probiotics, and proton pump inhibitors were also administered. Hemodialysis was conducted three times. Two weeks after the admission, a significant improvement was observed: creatinine decreased to 2.04 mg/dl, and GFR increased to 33 ml/min/1.73 m2. The patient was discharged with a recommendation to reduce the dose of glucocorticosteroids and continued in the outpatient clinic.

Conclusions: IVBCG may lead to acute kidney injury due to ATIN. Symptoms may occur as early as after the first IVBCG, contrary to previous reports. Patients should be regularly assessed for potential complications, including creatine level measurement, after each IVBCG treatment.

Objective: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common extraintestinal infectious diseases encountered in clinics. It affects both genders and all age groups and constitutes a major health issue in clinical practice worldwide. Uropathogens often develop resistance to therapeutic agents, creating a formidable challenge for physicians to treat these infections. The goal of the current review is to provide current information on therapeutic advancements and interventions in the treatment of urinary tract infections.

Materials and methods: Databases like MEDLINE, PubMed, and ClinicalTrials.gov were used as search engines to collect the relevant articles, and the required information was extracted.

Results: Research data suggest an increasing prevalence of pathogenic strains that are resistant to standard antimicrobial regimens recommended for the treatment of urinary tract infections. Targeted therapies for urinary tract infections, such as mannosides and pilicides, as well as vaccinations against uropathogenic Escherichia coli, have been developed recently. The efficacy of other strategies like iontophoresis, hydrogel-coated catheters, and antibiofilm therapy is also investigated. Clinical trials conducted between 2014 and 2019 show a rise in interest in a variety of therapies, highlighting the need for a thorough strategy to treat urinary tract infections, particularly in populations of women.

Conclusions: Antimicrobial-resistant strains of Escherichia coli are becoming more common in urinary tract infections, which have led to the development of targeted medicines such as mannosides and pilicides, as well as immunizations against the pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. There is continuing research into alternate approaches, such as hydrogel-coated catheters, antibiofilm therapy, and iontophoresis. Clinical trials conducted between 2014 and 2019 showed a rise in interest in these different treatment approaches.

Background: Behavioral and neuropsychological functions are frequent long-term sequelae of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Neuropeptides, such as nerve growth factor (NGF), can enhance neurogenesis and improve cognitive functions after TBI, playing a pivotal role in neuroplasticity. A limited number of studies documented the safety and efficacy of intranasal NGF administration in children with severe TBI.

Case report: A fourteen-year-old boy with a diffuse axonal injury secondary to severe TBI was treated with human-recombinant NGF administration. This patient underwent treatment with intranasal hr-NGF administration at a total dose of 50 gamma/kg, three times a day for seven consecutive days. The treatment schedule was performed for 4 cycles, at one month distance each. NGF administration improved radiologic functional assessment evaluated with positron emission tomography scan (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), with an important improvement in clinical conditions. Significant improvements were also observed, mainly in cognitive processes, memory, the planning of a communication strategy, execution skills, attention, and verbal expression. No side effects were reported.

Conclusions: Additional studies are required to gain a deeper insight into this neurotrophin's neuroprotective function, but our findings reveal a potential efficacy of intranasal hr-NGF administration in enhancing cognitive and clinical outcomes among children with diffuse axonal injury after severe TBI.

The article "Influence of 12 weeks of basketball training on college students' heart function" by Z.-T. Yang, S.-W. Kim, Y.-S. Kim, X. Tang, H. Li, E.-L. Wang, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27 (14): 6474-6479 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202307_33117-PMID: 37522658 has been retracted by the Editor in Chief. Due to third-party concerns about potential misquotations, the Editor-in-Chief has initiated an investigation to verify the validity of the allegations. The journal's assessment has shown that all references cited were not relevant to the text. The authors have been contacted to address the issues but only provided an updated list of references without a satisfactory explanation for the mistake. In light of the absence of a valid justification and the substantial misquotations throughout the text, the Editor-in-Chief has decided to retract the manuscript. The authors have been informed about the retraction but remained unresponsive. This article has been retracted. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/33117.

The article "STAT5A reprograms fatty acid metabolism and promotes tumorigenesis of gastric cancer cells" by S.-R. Dong, X.-L. Ju, W.-Z. Yang, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 23 (19): 8360-8370 - PMID: 31646566 has been retracted by the Editor in Chief following the expression of concern published in May 2024, available at https://www.europeanreview.org/article/36273. Following concerns raised by third party and by readers on PubPeer (link: https://pubpeer.com/publications/2D2719EECB2A38AFB430AE920E0ADD), the Editor in Chief has started an investigation to assess the validity of the results as well as possible figure manipulation. The journal's investigation revealed duplications involving Figure 2F, Figure 3I, and Figure 4D with previously published articles (https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.102995 and https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S151029). Additionally, a duplication was found between the GAPDH panels of MKN28 and AGS in Figure 3C. The authors have been informed about the journal's investigation but remained unresponsive and have not provided the study's raw data. Consequently, the Editor in Chief mistrusts the results presented and has decided to retract the article. This article has been retracted. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/19147.

Objective: Recurrent respiratory infections (RRIs) represent a demanding challenge in pediatricians' clinical practice. A previous Inter-Society Consensus defined criteria for identifying children with RRIs and assessed the available treatments, considering the evidence grade.

Materials and methods: The present Delphi consensus proposed a series of statements concerning the practical use of Citomix, a multicomponent low-dose medication. The participants should be primary care, private practice, and hospital/university pediatricians with extensive experience using this product to manage children with RRIs. One hundred twelve Italian pediatricians voted for the statements.

Results: The agreement grade was high for all statements (ranging from 69.6% to 99.1%). The participants expressed their satisfaction with using this medication, which may represent a valuable and safe option for preventing and adding on treating children with RRIs. These statements reflected their personal opinions based on daily clinical practice.

Conclusions: The results of this Delphi consensus represented an input for further evidence-based studies highlighting the effectiveness of low-dose medications for both the prevention and treatment of RRIs.