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Thermal insulation coating using natural stone powder-epoxy composite for room temperature reduction 保温涂料采用天然石粉-环氧树脂复合材料进行室温还原
Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/fme2304457b
Redi Bintarto, Anindito Purnowidodo, Widodo Dwi, Marco Talice, Djarot Darmadi
The ability of a roof to absorb heat is crucial for maintaining temperature stability within a room. Therefore, natural material composite coatings utilization offers a viable option for modern roof development. This research investigates how using natural stone mixed with epoxy, and applied as a coating on a galvalume surface, influences thermal conductivity and reduces room temperature. Temperature measurements were collected around a small room with a composite-coated roof, utilizing different types of rock in the composition. Thermocouples were placed 20 cm above the roof's surface, attached to the roofing composite, positioned beneath the galvalume layer, and within the small room. The results demonstrate a reduction in thermal conductivity and room temperature when natural stone powder is added to the roof. Experiments using composite coatings with various stone types exhibit varying degrees of room temperature reduction. Consequently, this research concludes that the unique properties of natural stone can effectively lower the thermal conductivity of roofs and decrease room temperature.
屋顶吸收热量的能力对于保持房间内的温度稳定至关重要。因此,利用天然材料复合涂料为现代屋顶发展提供了一个可行的选择。本研究探讨了天然石材与环氧树脂混合,并作为涂层应用于石灰石表面,如何影响导热性并降低室温。温度测量是在一个小房间周围收集的,这个房间有一个复合涂层的屋顶,利用不同类型的岩石组成。热电偶被放置在屋顶表面以上20厘米处,连接到屋顶复合材料上,位于galgalme层下方和小房间内。结果表明,当天然石粉添加到屋顶时,导热性和室温都有所降低。使用不同石材类型的复合涂层的实验显示出不同程度的室温还原。因此,本研究得出结论,天然石材的独特性能可以有效降低屋顶的导热系数,降低室温。
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引用次数: 0
Design a new hybrid controller based on an improvement version of grey wolf optimization for trajectory tracking of wheeled mobile robot 设计了一种基于改进灰狼优化的轮式移动机器人轨迹跟踪混合控制器
IF 1.6 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/fme2302140h
R. Hussein
Nonholonomic wheeled mobile robots are considered to be multi-input multi-output systems that are performed in varying environments. This work presents the trajectory tracking control of a nonholonomic wheeled mobile robot (WMR). The Kinematic and the dynamic models of the robot were derived. A new hybrid controller was designed, which consisted of two controllers based on an optimization algorithm to solve the trajectory tracking problem. The first controller is the Fractional order PID controller, which is based on the kinematic model and has been applied to control the linear and the angular robot velocities, while the second controller is a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and is based on the dynamic model used to control the motors' torques. A new, improved version of grey wolf optimization wasadopted to tune the parameters of the hybrid controller. The main goals of this improvement are rapid convergence towards a solution, reducing the effect of the wolves' random motion, and balancing exploitation and exploration processes. MATLAB software was used to simulate the results under an S-shape trajectory and to evaluate the robustness and performance of the proposed control unit. The simulation results demonstrated the adopted control system's activity and efficiency based on the mean square error (MSE) between the desired and actual trajectory. The values of MSE of trajectory in the X and Y directions and the orientation are [6.589*10-4(m) 8.421*10-5(m) 0.00401(rad)]T . Also, the adopted control system can generate smooth values of the control input signals without sharp spikes. The performance of the presented control system has been verified and compared with the results obtained from the other two control systems, and the simulation results have offered the superiority and effectiveness of the hybrid controller of this work.
非完整轮式移动机器人被认为是一个多输入多输出的系统,它在不同的环境中工作。研究了非完整轮式移动机器人的轨迹跟踪控制问题。建立了机器人的运动学模型和动力学模型。基于优化算法,设计了一种由两个控制器组成的混合控制器来解决轨迹跟踪问题。第一个控制器是基于运动学模型的分数阶PID控制器,用于控制机器人的线速度和角速度;第二个控制器是基于动态模型的线性二次型调节器(LQR),用于控制电机的转矩。采用一种改进的灰狼优化方法对混合控制器进行参数整定。这种改进的主要目标是快速收敛到一个解决方案,减少狼随机运动的影响,平衡开发和探索过程。利用MATLAB软件对s型轨迹下的结果进行了仿真,并对所提控制单元的鲁棒性和性能进行了评价。仿真结果表明,基于期望轨迹与实际轨迹之间的均方误差(MSE),所采用的控制系统具有良好的活动性和有效性。弹道在X、Y方向和方位上的均方差值为[6.589*10-4(m) 8.421*10-5(m) 0.00401(rad)]T。此外,所采用的控制系统可以产生平滑的控制输入信号值,没有尖锐的尖峰。通过与其他两种控制系统的仿真结果对比,验证了该控制系统的性能,验证了该混合控制器的优越性和有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Static behaviour of functionally graded rotating cantilever beams using B-spline collocation technique 基于b样条配置技术的功能梯度旋转悬臂梁的静力性能
IF 1.6 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/fme2303347c
Shashi Chichkhede, D. Mahapatra, Shubhashis Sanyal, Shubhankar Bhowmick
The present work reports the static behaviour of functionally graded rotating beam based on Timoshenko beam theory, which includes the effect of shear deformation. The principle of virtual displacement is applied to derive a governing equation for the functionally graded (FG) rotating beam, considering the centrifugal stiffening effect. The B-spline collocation technique is employed to solve the differential equation and material properties are function of power law distribution. The effect of material power index and rotational speed on the static characteristics of functionally graded rotating cantilever beams has been investigated for two different slenderness ratios. The obtained results demonstrate the beam deflection and the beam normal and shear stresses for the power gradient and rotational speed values. The results help to conclude that material gradation can be utilized to improve the functioning of the rotating structures such as helicopter rotor, aircraft propellers, windmill blades etc.
本文报道了基于Timoshenko梁理论的功能梯度旋转梁的静力性能,其中包括剪切变形的影响。应用虚位移原理,推导了考虑离心加劲效应的功能梯度旋转梁的控制方程。采用b样条配点法求解微分方程,材料性能是幂律分布的函数。研究了两种不同长细比下材料功率指数和转速对功能梯度旋转悬臂梁静态特性的影响。得到的结果表明,梁的挠度以及梁的法向应力和剪应力随功率梯度和转速的变化而变化。这些结果有助于得出结论,材料级配可以用来改善旋转结构的功能,如直升机旋翼,飞机螺旋桨,风车叶片等。
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引用次数: 0
Theoretical model of high-speed tracked vehicle general motion 高速履带车辆一般运动理论模型
IF 1.6 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/fme2303449m
S. Milićević, I. Blagojević
This paper presents a systematically derived theoretical model for the motion of tracked vehicles, encompassing various scenarios such as soft terrain and slopes. The model considers all the resistances encountered by tracked vehicles, including track-terrain interaction, grade and air resistance, centrifugal force, inertial forces, and turning resistance. The heading angle determines the geometrical orientation of the vehicle on the slope. A MATLAB model of tracked vehicle general motion was established based on theoretical discussions. The paper discusses the steering performance of tracked vehicles on slopes of different inclinations. A simulation of steering with different turning radiuses was also presented. It is shown that the proposed model can be used for predicting and evaluating the steering performance of tracked vehicles with adequate accuracy. Furthermore, due to its high computational efficiency, the proposed model can be utilized for power demand modeling in research on the hybridization or electrification of tracked vehicles.
本文提出了一个系统推导的履带车辆运动理论模型,该模型涵盖了软地形和斜坡等各种场景。该模型考虑了履带车辆所遇到的所有阻力,包括履带-地形相互作用、坡度和空气阻力、离心力、惯性力和转向阻力。航向角决定了车辆在斜坡上的几何方向。在理论讨论的基础上,建立了履带车辆总体运动的MATLAB模型。本文讨论了履带车辆在不同倾斜度的斜坡上的转向性能。给出了不同转弯半径下的转向仿真。仿真结果表明,该模型能较好地预测和评价履带车辆的转向性能。此外,该模型计算效率高,可用于履带车辆混合动力或电动化研究中的动力需求建模。
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引用次数: 0
Differences in Kaizen implementation between countries and industry types in multinational supply chain 跨国供应链中不同国家、不同行业改善实施的差异
IF 1.6 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/fme2302183s
V. Spasojević-Brkić, B. Tomić, Martina Perišić, Nemanja Janev
Previous research shows that Kaizen's benefits are multiple and evident, but its practices in the supply chain have been sufficiently examined now. Conversely, we are witnessing numerous issues in contemporary global supply networks. In this survey, after conducting a literature review, three research questions regarding Kaizen modes of usage were formulated and tested on the sample of 195 enterprises that are part of the global supply chain, located in 31 countries, and active in two different types of industries - aircraft, and transportation. A combined approach containing descriptive statistics, reliability, factor analysis, and statistical hypothesis testing by Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U tests were used. Results show significant differences between Kaizen practices applied in countries such as Italy, the United Kingdom, Canada, the USA, Japan, and China, where national and corporate cultures differ. Kaizen implementation significantly differs between companies operating in the aircraft and transportation sectors, which is unsurprising since aircraft industry has a higher formalization level. The goal to determine the differences in Kaizen practices around the globe was fulfilled since statistically significant differences indicate the importance of the contextual factors and connect adverse and Kaizen events.
先前的研究表明,改善的好处是多方面的,而且是显而易见的,但它在供应链中的实践现在已经得到了充分的检验。相反,我们看到当代全球供应网络中出现了许多问题。在本次调查中,在进行文献综述后,制定了三个关于改善使用模式的研究问题,并在195家企业的样本上进行了测试,这些企业是全球供应链的一部分,位于31个国家,活跃于两种不同类型的行业-飞机和运输。采用描述性统计、信度、因子分析和Kruskal-Wallis单因素方差分析和Mann-Whitney U检验的统计假设检验相结合的方法。结果显示,在意大利、英国、加拿大、美国、日本和中国等国家和企业文化不同的地方,改善实践之间存在显著差异。飞机和运输行业的公司在改善实施方面存在显著差异,这并不奇怪,因为飞机行业的正规化程度更高。确定全球改善实践差异的目标已经实现,因为统计上的显著差异表明了环境因素的重要性,并将不良事件和改善事件联系起来。
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引用次数: 0
Numerical investigation of single and multiple impinging synthetic jets on the flow field and heat transfer at low orifice-to-plate distances 低孔板距离下单、多碰撞合成射流对流场和传热的数值研究
IF 1.6 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/fme2303273e
Eda Ergur, T. Calisir
In the present numerical study, the thermal performance and fluid flow properties have been investigated to show the effect of single-orifice and multiple-orifice impingement of synthetic jets for dimensionless orifice-toplate distance (H/D) of lower than one. Investigations have been done for an actuation frequency of f=500 Hz, 0.10 ≤ H/D ≤ 0.75, and dimensionless pitch ratio of 1.25 ≤ Do/D ≤ 1.75. The results were validated with experimental results from the literature, and a fair agreement was obtained. The results showed that at low nozzle-to-plate spacing, lower target plate temperatures could be obtained. It was observed that with the use of multiple orifices at especially higher Do/D higher heat transfer values are present. The study was performed to add knowledge to the electronics and aviation industries where high temperatures in small cavities occur.
在本文的数值研究中,研究了单孔和多孔合成射流撞击对无量纲孔顶板距离(H/D)小于1的影响。对驱动频率f=500 Hz, 0.10≤H/D≤0.75,无量纲螺距比1.25≤Do/D≤1.75进行了研究。结果与文献中的实验结果进行了验证,得到了比较一致的结果。结果表明,在较低的喷嘴-板间距下,可以获得较低的靶板温度。观察到,在高Do/D下使用多孔时,存在更高的换热值。这项研究是为了给电子和航空工业增加知识,这些行业的小腔内会出现高温。
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引用次数: 0
Empirical equation of the Mach number as a function of the stagnation pressure ratio for a quasi-one-dimensional compressible flow 准一维可压缩流马赫数随滞止压力比的经验方程
IF 1.6 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/fme2302149t
S. Tolentino
In the present work for a quasi-one-dimensional isentropic compressible flow model, an empirical equation of the Mach number is constructed as a function of the stagnation pressure ratio for an analytical equation that algebraic procedures cannot invert. The Excel 2019 Solver tool was applied to calibrate the coefficients and exponents of the empirical equation during its construction for the Mach number range from 1 to 10 and 1 to 5. A specific heat ratio from 1.1 to 1.67 and the generalized reduced gradient iterative method were used to minimize the sum of squared error, which was set as the objective function. The results show that for Mach 1 to 10, an error of less than 0.063% is obtained, and for Mach 1 to 5, an error of less than 0.00988% is obtained. It is concluded that the empirical equation obtained is a mathematical model that reproduces the trajectories of the inverted curves of the analytical equation studied.
在目前的工作中,准一维等熵可压缩流动模型,马赫数的经验方程被构造为一个滞止压力比的函数的解析方程,代数程序不能反转。在马赫数1 ~ 10和1 ~ 5范围内,应用Excel 2019 Solver工具对经验方程构建过程中的系数和指数进行了标定。以比热比1.1 ~ 1.67为目标函数,采用广义归约梯度迭代法使误差平方和最小化。结果表明,在马赫数1 ~ 10范围内,误差小于0.063%,在马赫数1 ~ 5范围内,误差小于0.00988%。得到的经验方程是再现所研究的解析方程的倒曲线轨迹的数学模型。
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引用次数: 1
Springback optimization for CNC tube bending machine based on an artificial neural networks (ANNs) 基于人工神经网络的数控弯管机回弹优化
IF 1.6 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/fme2303405k
Somchai Kongnoo, K. Sonthipermpoon, Kielarova Wannarumon
Predicting the springback angle has become the major production problem among tube benders. Springback is where the tube on a mandrel-less rotary draw bending tends to bounce back after being bent when the clamps are released. Accurately predicting the springback angle is crucial for effective tube bending. Machine learning (ML), a popular prediction approach, was applied to functions such as prediction or function approximation, pattern classification, clustering, and forecasting. To achieve this, the springback angle values from 27 experiments were collected and used as input into artificial neural networks (ANNs) in one area of ML. This research was conducted to study the optimization of the springback angle when bending ASTM A-210 Gr. A1 seamless tube with an outside diameter of 44.45 mm, using the 4 input factors Wall Thickness, Bending Radius, Dwell Time, and Bending Angle. The results showed that all factors significantly influence the springback angle in the tube bending process; different prediction methods were analyzed by comparing the results using different activation functions. The results showed that the optimal neural network architecture is 4-98-1; these results were achieved using the Sigmoid function, giving the lowest mean squared error (MSE) = 0.001892. The resulting coefficient of determination (R2 ) = 99.42%, the ReLU function R2 = 98.99%, the TanH function R2 = 98.53%, and the Identity function, which was 79.53%. It was also found that the best prediction of the springback angle using the best regression equation, with R2 = 82.32%, was better than the prediction using the 65 neurons with the Identity function R2 = 79.53%, a 2.79% difference in favor of the regression equation.
回弹角的预测已成为弯管机生产中的主要问题。回弹是在一个无芯筒的旋转拉伸弯曲管往往反弹后被弯曲,当夹具被释放。准确预测回弹角是有效弯曲管件的关键。机器学习(ML)是一种流行的预测方法,应用于预测或函数逼近、模式分类、聚类和预测等功能。为此,收集了27个实验的回弹角值,并将其输入到ML某区域的人工神经网络(ANNs)中,研究了外径为44.45 mm的ASTM A-210 Gr. A1无缝管在壁厚、弯曲半径、停留时间和弯曲角度4个输入因素下,弯曲回弹角的优化问题。结果表明:各因素对弯管回弹角影响显著;通过比较不同激活函数的预测结果,分析了不同的预测方法。结果表明:最优神经网络结构为4-98-1;这些结果是使用Sigmoid函数实现的,给出最低的均方误差(MSE) = 0.001892。结果确定系数(R2) = 99.42%, ReLU函数R2 = 98.99%, TanH函数R2 = 98.53%,恒等函数R2 = 79.53%。使用最佳回归方程对回弹角的预测效果最佳,R2 = 82.32%,优于使用恒等函数R2 = 79.53%的65个神经元对回弹角的预测效果,与回归方程的预测效果相差2.79%。
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引用次数: 0
Impact shock events in multimodal container transshipment for packaging testing 用于包装试验的多式联运集装箱转运中的冲击事件
IF 1.6 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/fme2302161n
Z. Németh, P. Böröcz
In modern global supply chains, intermodal and multimodal distribution has become essential means of transportation. The combination of different modes of transport is the most commonly used method for distributing shipments between continents. This paper examines and measures physical events, such as shock and impact, that occur while transporting 40ft long ISO containers using multiple modes of transport. These events can directly affect the integrity of packaged products and cause damage. The study focuses on events such as transshipments and handling of containers in hubs and terminals. The impact shock levels were separately analyzed in all three-dimensional directions, namely vertical, longitudinal, and lateral. The results indicate the percentage of occurrence below a given impact level using statistical characteristics of the events that occurred. The magnitude and mean of acceleration levels, pulse duration, and velocity change are also reported.
在现代全球供应链中,多式联运已成为重要的运输方式。不同运输方式的结合是在大陆之间分配货物最常用的方法。本文研究和测量了在使用多种运输方式运输40英尺长的ISO集装箱时发生的物理事件,如冲击和冲击。这些事件可直接影响包装产品的完整性并造成损害。这项研究的重点是转运和集装箱在枢纽和码头的处理等事件。在垂直、纵向和横向的所有三维方向上分别分析了冲击冲击水平。结果使用已发生事件的统计特征指示低于给定影响级别的事件发生的百分比。加速度水平、脉冲持续时间和速度变化的幅度和平均值也被报道。
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引用次数: 0
An analysis of causal relationships among challenges impeding adoption of Industry 4.0 through DEMATEL technique 通过DEMATEL技术分析阻碍工业4.0采用的挑战之间的因果关系
IF 1.6 Q3 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/fme2302262b
Vaibhav Bisht, V.G. Sridhar, M. Janardhanan
Industries must be more innovative than ever before to face rising global competition and stay in the market today. These now aim to enhance operational efficiency by using different advanced technology tools and techniques of Industry 4.0, satisfying the varying customer needs with products of the highest quality offered at minimal costs. With different bottlenecks faced in industrial operations, the large-scale adoption of such systems faces multiple impediments relevant to the country's socioeconomic make-up, and therefore, nine pertinent barriers deterring India's transition to Industry 4.0 with varying interdependencies and importance are identified. Data collected from multiple industry experts is subsequently analyzed using the DEMATEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) technique to identify the key barriers having the biggest influence over India's industrial landscape based on their cause effect value and importance scores. The study conclusively ends with discussing the analysis findings for use in solving complex industry problems and identifying new roles, work environments, and skills required in different domains for the adoption of systems of Industry 4.0 in India.
行业必须比以往任何时候都更具创新性,才能面对日益激烈的全球竞争,并在今天的市场中站稳脚跟。这些公司现在的目标是通过使用不同的先进技术工具和工业4.0的技术来提高运营效率,以最低的成本提供最高质量的产品来满足不同客户的需求。由于工业运营面临着不同的瓶颈,大规模采用此类系统面临着与该国社会经济构成相关的多重障碍,因此,确定了阻碍印度向工业4.0过渡的9个相关障碍,这些障碍具有不同的相互依赖性和重要性。从多位行业专家那里收集的数据随后使用DEMATEL(决策试验和评估实验室)技术进行分析,以根据其因果值和重要性得分确定对印度工业格局影响最大的关键障碍。研究最后讨论了分析结果,用于解决复杂的行业问题,并确定在印度采用工业4.0系统的不同领域所需的新角色、工作环境和技能。
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引用次数: 1
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