Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-218-10-229-233
A. E. Shklyaev, V. V. Zaitseva, A. Bessonov, V. M. Dudarev
The article presents a clinical observation of a patient with hereditary hemolytic anemia and cholelithiasis that developed from it. The record of ultrasound of the abdominal, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, and the movement of laboratory parameters are demonstrated. The patient underwent splenectomy with cholecystectomy, the information of the postoperative period are presented. The purpose of the article was to study, using the example of this clinical case, the features of the course of hereditary spherocytosis complicated by cholelithiasis in an adult patient; to assess the feasibility of the presented variant of the tactics of managing patients with this pathology. It is shown that at the present stage, despite the dynamic pace of development, pharmacology does not offer effective therapy, and splenectomy remains the only method for treating hereditary spherocytosis. Removal of the spleen eliminates intrasplenic hemolysis and therefore corrects the anemia. With the development of gallstone disease as a result of hemolysis, splenectomy is performed in combination with cholecystectomy.
{"title":"Cholelithiasis in a patient with hereditary spherocytosis","authors":"A. E. Shklyaev, V. V. Zaitseva, A. Bessonov, V. M. Dudarev","doi":"10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-218-10-229-233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-218-10-229-233","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a clinical observation of a patient with hereditary hemolytic anemia and cholelithiasis that developed from it. The record of ultrasound of the abdominal, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, and the movement of laboratory parameters are demonstrated. The patient underwent splenectomy with cholecystectomy, the information of the postoperative period are presented. The purpose of the article was to study, using the example of this clinical case, the features of the course of hereditary spherocytosis complicated by cholelithiasis in an adult patient; to assess the feasibility of the presented variant of the tactics of managing patients with this pathology. It is shown that at the present stage, despite the dynamic pace of development, pharmacology does not offer effective therapy, and splenectomy remains the only method for treating hereditary spherocytosis. Removal of the spleen eliminates intrasplenic hemolysis and therefore corrects the anemia. With the development of gallstone disease as a result of hemolysis, splenectomy is performed in combination with cholecystectomy.","PeriodicalId":12262,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"25 57","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140240194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-218-10-88-94
A. S. Teplova, T. Demidova, T. N. Korotkova
Butyric acid (BA, butyrate) is a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) - a metabolite of the human gut microbiota (GM). This SCFA is represented in a larger amount relative to other SCFAs and is synthesized by butyrate-producing representatives of GM via various pathways. The substrate for the synthesis of BA is some food products, mainly starch and to a lesser extent dairy products. The synthesis of BA is directly or indirectly influenced by various factors, including dietary habits, antibacterial therapy, as well as harmful habits (smoking, alcohol abuse). Numerous data confirm the important role of BA in various metabolic processes. The effects of BA are of particular relevance in endocrinology as one of the potential mechanisms for controlling carbohydrate metabolism and body weight. Given the large amount of data on the correlation of an increase in the level of BA with the positive dynamics of metabolic parameters, as well as the presence of a wide range of pleiotropic effects of BA, it is interesting to study ways to control the metabolism of GM and, in particular, the production of BA. At the moment, there is no doubt about such method as the modification of nutrition. The use of dietary fiber, transplantation of fecal microbiota and the use of genetic engineering methods to improve the butyrate-producing properties of bacteria are actively discussed. Nevertheless, there are no unambiguous recommendations regarding the most effective way to manage the level of BA as an element of the treatment and prevention of obesity.
丁酸（BA，butyrate）是一种短链脂肪酸（SCFA），是人体肠道微生物群（GM）的代谢产物。与其他 SCFA 相比，这种 SCFA 的含量更高，由产生丁酸的 GM 代表通过各种途径合成。合成 BA 的底物是一些食品，主要是淀粉，其次是乳制品。BA 的合成直接或间接地受到各种因素的影响，包括饮食习惯、抗菌治疗以及有害的生活习惯（吸烟、酗酒）。大量数据证实了 BA 在各种代谢过程中的重要作用。作为控制碳水化合物代谢和体重的潜在机制之一，BA 的作用对内分泌学具有特别重要的意义。鉴于大量数据表明 BA 水平的增加与代谢参数的积极动态相关，以及 BA 存在广泛的多效应，研究如何控制转基因代谢，特别是控制 BA 的产生是很有意义的。目前，毫无疑问的方法是改变营养。人们正在积极讨论使用膳食纤维、移植粪便微生物群和使用基因工程方法来改善细菌产生丁酸盐的特性。然而，对于如何最有效地控制 BA 水平，将其作为治疗和预防肥胖症的一个要素，目前还没有明确的建议。
{"title":"Butyric acid and its perspectives in control of obesity","authors":"A. S. Teplova, T. Demidova, T. N. Korotkova","doi":"10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-218-10-88-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-218-10-88-94","url":null,"abstract":"Butyric acid (BA, butyrate) is a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) - a metabolite of the human gut microbiota (GM). This SCFA is represented in a larger amount relative to other SCFAs and is synthesized by butyrate-producing representatives of GM via various pathways. The substrate for the synthesis of BA is some food products, mainly starch and to a lesser extent dairy products. The synthesis of BA is directly or indirectly influenced by various factors, including dietary habits, antibacterial therapy, as well as harmful habits (smoking, alcohol abuse). Numerous data confirm the important role of BA in various metabolic processes. The effects of BA are of particular relevance in endocrinology as one of the potential mechanisms for controlling carbohydrate metabolism and body weight. Given the large amount of data on the correlation of an increase in the level of BA with the positive dynamics of metabolic parameters, as well as the presence of a wide range of pleiotropic effects of BA, it is interesting to study ways to control the metabolism of GM and, in particular, the production of BA. At the moment, there is no doubt about such method as the modification of nutrition. The use of dietary fiber, transplantation of fecal microbiota and the use of genetic engineering methods to improve the butyrate-producing properties of bacteria are actively discussed. Nevertheless, there are no unambiguous recommendations regarding the most effective way to manage the level of BA as an element of the treatment and prevention of obesity.","PeriodicalId":12262,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"120 S7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140237860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-218-10-216-220
T. G. Glushkova, S. I. Lentsova, M. A. Gorbunova
The goal. To study the effect of hepatoprotective drug “Remaxol” on morphology of the liver and pancreas as well as on blood serum indices in rats with alcohol damage. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on mature male white laboratory rats divided into three groups: the first (control group) - intact animals, the second and third (experimental groups) - daily part of the rats received 40 % aqueous ethanol solution (96 % ethanol in a dose of 8ml/kg weight) for 7 days, then part of the rats from the experimental group were injected “Remaxol” in a dose 5 mg/kg weight daily for 7 days. Morphological study of the liver and its macrostructure was carried out; diameters of hepatocytes, sinusoid capillaries and pancreatic acini in animals of the control and experimental groups were measured; general and biochemical blood parameters were assessed. Results. Blood tests demonstrated acute alcohol poisoning in experimental groups (leukocytosis); short-term (7 days) alcohol damage had less effect on the size of hepatocytes than on the size of pancreatic acini; pancreatic acini were more reactive on toxic influence of alcohol; in the liver and pancreas there were signs of inflammatory reaction (cell swelling, lymphocytes infiltration). Conclusion. Histological picture of the liver and pancreas of the animals with acute alcohol poisoning on the background of “Remaxol” treatment showed a decrease in the toxic effect of 40 % alcohol on hepatocytes and pancreatocytes, normalization of their morphological parameters.
{"title":"Morphofunctional characteristics of the liver and pancreas under the influence of the hepatoprotector “Remaxol” against the background of acute alcohol damage in rats","authors":"T. G. Glushkova, S. I. Lentsova, M. A. Gorbunova","doi":"10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-218-10-216-220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-218-10-216-220","url":null,"abstract":"The goal. To study the effect of hepatoprotective drug “Remaxol” on morphology of the liver and pancreas as well as on blood serum indices in rats with alcohol damage. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on mature male white laboratory rats divided into three groups: the first (control group) - intact animals, the second and third (experimental groups) - daily part of the rats received 40 % aqueous ethanol solution (96 % ethanol in a dose of 8ml/kg weight) for 7 days, then part of the rats from the experimental group were injected “Remaxol” in a dose 5 mg/kg weight daily for 7 days. Morphological study of the liver and its macrostructure was carried out; diameters of hepatocytes, sinusoid capillaries and pancreatic acini in animals of the control and experimental groups were measured; general and biochemical blood parameters were assessed. Results. Blood tests demonstrated acute alcohol poisoning in experimental groups (leukocytosis); short-term (7 days) alcohol damage had less effect on the size of hepatocytes than on the size of pancreatic acini; pancreatic acini were more reactive on toxic influence of alcohol; in the liver and pancreas there were signs of inflammatory reaction (cell swelling, lymphocytes infiltration). Conclusion. Histological picture of the liver and pancreas of the animals with acute alcohol poisoning on the background of “Remaxol” treatment showed a decrease in the toxic effect of 40 % alcohol on hepatocytes and pancreatocytes, normalization of their morphological parameters.","PeriodicalId":12262,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"23 52","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140240369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-218-10-57-62
G. Bikbavova, M. Livzan, N. S. Lisyutenko, A. E. Romanyuk
In recent decades, there has been a steady increase in the number of patients with non-communicable chronic diseases in developed economic countries, which include all nosologies of metabolic syndrome and chronic inflammatory diseases. To date, there is no doubt that pro-inflammatory pathogenetic mechanisms and changes in intestinal microbiocenosis associated with obesity are promoters of many non-communicable diseases. The “Westernized” style of nutrition influences the intraspecific qualitative and quantitative diversity of the intestinal microbiome, leading to a change in the permeability of the intestinal barrier and triggering an immune response. Recent studies show that about 15-40 % of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are obese, and another 20-40 % are overweight. The coexistence of inflammation, obesity and metabolic syndrome in patients with ulcerative colitis is becoming more and more frequent, meanwhile, there is a discrepancy between the severity of the disease and weight indicators, which may be unchanged and even exceed the norm. The effects associated with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity negatively affect the quality of life of patients with ulcerative colitis and long-term results. Sarcopenia acts as an independent predictor of surgical interventions in patients with IBD, is associated with high activity of the disease and with a higher frequency of postoperative complications, and is also a marker of the need for escalation of therapy. The general mechanisms of development indicate that the management of these conditions should be considered in a complex.
{"title":"Pathomorphosis of ulcerative colitis: from body weight deficiency to sarcopenic obesity","authors":"G. Bikbavova, M. Livzan, N. S. Lisyutenko, A. E. Romanyuk","doi":"10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-218-10-57-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-218-10-57-62","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, there has been a steady increase in the number of patients with non-communicable chronic diseases in developed economic countries, which include all nosologies of metabolic syndrome and chronic inflammatory diseases. To date, there is no doubt that pro-inflammatory pathogenetic mechanisms and changes in intestinal microbiocenosis associated with obesity are promoters of many non-communicable diseases. The “Westernized” style of nutrition influences the intraspecific qualitative and quantitative diversity of the intestinal microbiome, leading to a change in the permeability of the intestinal barrier and triggering an immune response. Recent studies show that about 15-40 % of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are obese, and another 20-40 % are overweight. The coexistence of inflammation, obesity and metabolic syndrome in patients with ulcerative colitis is becoming more and more frequent, meanwhile, there is a discrepancy between the severity of the disease and weight indicators, which may be unchanged and even exceed the norm. The effects associated with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity negatively affect the quality of life of patients with ulcerative colitis and long-term results. Sarcopenia acts as an independent predictor of surgical interventions in patients with IBD, is associated with high activity of the disease and with a higher frequency of postoperative complications, and is also a marker of the need for escalation of therapy. The general mechanisms of development indicate that the management of these conditions should be considered in a complex.","PeriodicalId":12262,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"3 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140241315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-218-10-197-201
S. Styazhkina, T. R. Spiridonov, T. O. Eltsov, E. D. Novikova
The most frequent complication of endoscopic papillosphincterotomy (EPST) is acute pancreatitis. This complication is supposed to be based on mechanical, chemical, hydrostatic, enzymatic and thermal impact on pancreatic ducts and parenchyma. According to different literature data, the incidence of post-EPST pancreatitis (PEP) varies from 30 to 40%, and the mortality rate is 2-10%. The aim of the investigation was to expand information about peculiarities of early diagnostics and prevention of post-EST pancreatitis at the present stage. To reach the set goal we analyzed 559 case histories of patients with diagnosed cholelithiasis, 319 of them underwent EPST. During the study it was found out, that elevated neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio over 4,96 (p=0,001), high LDH level over 250 IU/ml (p=0,01), as well as C-reactive to albumin index over 0,180 (p=0,001) are reliable markers of early diagnosis. Also, indirect diagnostic markers of PEEP are biochemical signs of cholestasis and cytolysis of hepatocytes, as well as hyperglycemia combined with glucosuria. We consider the inclusion of intraoperative injections of papillotomy wound margins with Epinephrine in combination with subsequent Somatostatin administration in combination with rectal Diclofenac and intravenous hydration with Reamberin to be the most effective strategy for PEP prevention. Thus, we can conclude that despite the ongoing research and the search for effective algorithms for the prevention and early diagnosis of PEP, their data often contradict each other or simply do not confirm their effectiveness. The problem of prevention and diagnosis of PEP remains complex and requires further study. There are discrepancies, sometimes significant ones, in the current literature, which provides grounds for the development and research of new methods of early diagnosis and prevention.
内镜乳头括约肌切开术（EPST）最常见的并发症是急性胰腺炎。这种并发症应该是基于对胰腺导管和实质的机械、化学、静水压、酶和热影响。根据不同的文献数据，EPST 术后胰腺炎（PEP）的发病率在 30% 到 40% 之间，死亡率为 2%-10%。调查的目的是扩大现阶段早期诊断和预防后EST胰腺炎特殊性的信息。为了实现既定目标，我们分析了 559 例确诊胆石症患者的病历，其中 319 例接受了 EPST。研究发现，中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比率超过 4.96（p=0.001）、LDH 水平超过 250 IU/ml（p=0.01）以及 C 反应与白蛋白指数超过 0.180（p=0.001）是早期诊断的可靠标志。此外，PEEP 的间接诊断指标还包括胆汁淤积和肝细胞细胞溶解的生化指标，以及高血糖合并葡萄糖尿。我们认为，术中在乳头切开术伤口边缘注射肾上腺素，并在随后注射体生长抑素，同时结合直肠双氯芬酸和静脉补液兰贝林，是预防 PEP 的最有效策略。因此，我们可以得出这样的结论：尽管人们一直在研究和寻找预防和早期诊断 PEP 的有效算法，但其数据往往相互矛盾或根本无法证实其有效性。预防和诊断 PEP 的问题依然复杂，需要进一步研究。目前的文献存在差异，有时差异还很大，这为开发和研究新的早期诊断和预防方法提供了依据。
{"title":"Peculiarities of pharmacological prevention strategy of pancreatic complications after endoscopic papillosphincterotomy for choledocholithiasis","authors":"S. Styazhkina, T. R. Spiridonov, T. O. Eltsov, E. D. Novikova","doi":"10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-218-10-197-201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-218-10-197-201","url":null,"abstract":"The most frequent complication of endoscopic papillosphincterotomy (EPST) is acute pancreatitis. This complication is supposed to be based on mechanical, chemical, hydrostatic, enzymatic and thermal impact on pancreatic ducts and parenchyma. According to different literature data, the incidence of post-EPST pancreatitis (PEP) varies from 30 to 40%, and the mortality rate is 2-10%. The aim of the investigation was to expand information about peculiarities of early diagnostics and prevention of post-EST pancreatitis at the present stage. To reach the set goal we analyzed 559 case histories of patients with diagnosed cholelithiasis, 319 of them underwent EPST. During the study it was found out, that elevated neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio over 4,96 (p=0,001), high LDH level over 250 IU/ml (p=0,01), as well as C-reactive to albumin index over 0,180 (p=0,001) are reliable markers of early diagnosis. Also, indirect diagnostic markers of PEEP are biochemical signs of cholestasis and cytolysis of hepatocytes, as well as hyperglycemia combined with glucosuria. We consider the inclusion of intraoperative injections of papillotomy wound margins with Epinephrine in combination with subsequent Somatostatin administration in combination with rectal Diclofenac and intravenous hydration with Reamberin to be the most effective strategy for PEP prevention. Thus, we can conclude that despite the ongoing research and the search for effective algorithms for the prevention and early diagnosis of PEP, their data often contradict each other or simply do not confirm their effectiveness. The problem of prevention and diagnosis of PEP remains complex and requires further study. There are discrepancies, sometimes significant ones, in the current literature, which provides grounds for the development and research of new methods of early diagnosis and prevention.","PeriodicalId":12262,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"7 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140239772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-218-10-133-138
E. V. Shreiner, A. I. Khavkin, M. S. Novikova, N. Kokh, M. Denisov, G. Lifshits
Iron overload in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a fairly common phenomenon that receives very little attention in clinical practice. However, iron overload, leading to hemosiderosis (deposition of “indigestible” nanodispersed iron oxides in various tissues) significantly aggravates NAFLD, stimulating increased chronic inflammation, insulin resistance and hemosiderosis of other organs. As a result, ferroptosis of hepatocytes occurs (apoptosis caused by iron overload and hemosiderosis), which accelerates the transformation of non-alcoholic steatosis into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and, subsequently, into liver cirrhosis. Iron overload is aggravated by micronutrient deficiencies and pathogenic intestinal microbiota. The paper presents the results of a systematic analysis of this issue, describes the prospects for therapy using micronutrients and human placenta hydrolysates (HPP), which contribute not only to the regeneration of liver tissue, but also to the normalization of iron homeostasis.
{"title":"Assessment of the contribution of UGT1A gene polymorphisms to the development of cholelithiasis","authors":"E. V. Shreiner, A. I. Khavkin, M. S. Novikova, N. Kokh, M. Denisov, G. Lifshits","doi":"10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-218-10-133-138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-218-10-133-138","url":null,"abstract":"Iron overload in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a fairly common phenomenon that receives very little attention in clinical practice. However, iron overload, leading to hemosiderosis (deposition of “indigestible” nanodispersed iron oxides in various tissues) significantly aggravates NAFLD, stimulating increased chronic inflammation, insulin resistance and hemosiderosis of other organs. As a result, ferroptosis of hepatocytes occurs (apoptosis caused by iron overload and hemosiderosis), which accelerates the transformation of non-alcoholic steatosis into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and, subsequently, into liver cirrhosis. Iron overload is aggravated by micronutrient deficiencies and pathogenic intestinal microbiota. The paper presents the results of a systematic analysis of this issue, describes the prospects for therapy using micronutrients and human placenta hydrolysates (HPP), which contribute not only to the regeneration of liver tissue, but also to the normalization of iron homeostasis.","PeriodicalId":12262,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"24 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140240216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-218-10-104-113
A. A. Khalashte, E. A. Lyalyukova, S. K. Zhachemuk, Z. A. Beslangurova, G. N. Zhernakova
The purpose of this study was to study the phenotypes of eating behavior in patients with NAFLD and their determining factors. Discussion: fatty liver disease has a high prevalence (24-26%) with an upward trend in both developed and developing countries, and in the coming years may become one of the main causes of liver transplantation. The clinical features of the disease are in most cases its asymptomatic course, which can progress to fibrosis/cirrhosis and is associated with the risk of a number of serious extrahepatic diseases (cardiovascular, oncological and others). The mechanisms underlying the formation of increased health risks and disease prognosis are multifactorial. Metabolic disorders, orthorexia nervosa, eating disorders and vegetative effects are considered as possible pathogenetic mechanisms for increasing the risk of NAFLD incidence. Conclusion: the study showed that complex behavioral psycho-social factors are involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, and changing eating behavior is an important component of therapy. Dysfunctional eating behavior can be a barrier to long-term success from therapy.
{"title":"Eating behavior in patients with metabolically associated fatty liver disease","authors":"A. A. Khalashte, E. A. Lyalyukova, S. K. Zhachemuk, Z. A. Beslangurova, G. N. Zhernakova","doi":"10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-218-10-104-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-218-10-104-113","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to study the phenotypes of eating behavior in patients with NAFLD and their determining factors. Discussion: fatty liver disease has a high prevalence (24-26%) with an upward trend in both developed and developing countries, and in the coming years may become one of the main causes of liver transplantation. The clinical features of the disease are in most cases its asymptomatic course, which can progress to fibrosis/cirrhosis and is associated with the risk of a number of serious extrahepatic diseases (cardiovascular, oncological and others). The mechanisms underlying the formation of increased health risks and disease prognosis are multifactorial. Metabolic disorders, orthorexia nervosa, eating disorders and vegetative effects are considered as possible pathogenetic mechanisms for increasing the risk of NAFLD incidence. Conclusion: the study showed that complex behavioral psycho-social factors are involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, and changing eating behavior is an important component of therapy. Dysfunctional eating behavior can be a barrier to long-term success from therapy.","PeriodicalId":12262,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140238878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-218-10-5-47
M. Livzan, E. A. Lyalyukova, I. Druk, S. S. Safronova, A. A. Khalashte, K. A. Martirosian, V. Y. Petrosian, Ya. S. Galakhov
Obesity is the largest pandemic in the world, and its prevalence continues to increase. The purpose of the presented publication is to raise awareness of doctors about modern methods of diagnosing obesity and approaches to therapy, using an interdisciplinary team approach similar to that used in other chronic diseases, such as diabetes, heart disease and cancer. The article presents data from the World Gastroenterological Organization (2023) and the European Guidelines for the Treatment of Obesity in patients with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and liver (2022). According to modern approaches, obesity should be considered as a chronic recurrent progressive disease, the treatment of which requires a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach involving psychologists and psychiatrists, nutritionists/nutritionists, therapists, endoscopists and surgeons, including lifestyle changes, a well-defined diet and exercise regimen, drug therapy, endoscopic or surgical methods of treatment. Conclusions. In order to stop the growing wave of obesity and its many complications and costs, doctors, insurance companies and health authorities should make systematic efforts to raise public awareness of both the adverse health risks associated with obesity and the potential reduction of risks through a comprehensive approach to therapy.
{"title":"Obesity: current state of the problem, multidisciplinary approach. (based on the consensus of the World Gastroenterological Organization “Obesity 2023” and the European guideline on obesity care in patients with gastrointestinal and liver diseases, 2022)","authors":"M. Livzan, E. A. Lyalyukova, I. Druk, S. S. Safronova, A. A. Khalashte, K. A. Martirosian, V. Y. Petrosian, Ya. S. Galakhov","doi":"10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-218-10-5-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-218-10-5-47","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is the largest pandemic in the world, and its prevalence continues to increase. The purpose of the presented publication is to raise awareness of doctors about modern methods of diagnosing obesity and approaches to therapy, using an interdisciplinary team approach similar to that used in other chronic diseases, such as diabetes, heart disease and cancer. The article presents data from the World Gastroenterological Organization (2023) and the European Guidelines for the Treatment of Obesity in patients with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and liver (2022). According to modern approaches, obesity should be considered as a chronic recurrent progressive disease, the treatment of which requires a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach involving psychologists and psychiatrists, nutritionists/nutritionists, therapists, endoscopists and surgeons, including lifestyle changes, a well-defined diet and exercise regimen, drug therapy, endoscopic or surgical methods of treatment. Conclusions. In order to stop the growing wave of obesity and its many complications and costs, doctors, insurance companies and health authorities should make systematic efforts to raise public awareness of both the adverse health risks associated with obesity and the potential reduction of risks through a comprehensive approach to therapy.","PeriodicalId":12262,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"24 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140240337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-218-10-221-228
T. E. Bogacheva, I. Torshin, O. Gromova, T. R. Grishina
Iron deposits in tissues (hemosiderosis) accompany various diseases of the liver and pancreas. Overload of the liver with iron occurs due to (1) a diet with excess saturated fats, which provoke inflammation of the liver, (2) slowdown and stagnation of blood flow in the area of the portal vein (physical inactivity, obesity, alcoholism, etc), (3) uncontrolled and long-term use of iron supplements (primarily based on inorganic forms - sulfates, oxides, hydroxides of iron, etc.), (4) hereditary diseases (hemochromatosis). Patients with liver overload with iron require not only correction of diet and lifestyle (including physical activity), but also special therapy using effective and safe drugs. To study the effect of excess iron on the body and search for the most appropriate therapy for hemosiderosis, special models of liver overload with iron have been developed in pharmacology. The degree of iron overload and the rate of hemosiderosis formation in models can be slowed down by the addition of micronutrients with hepatoprotective properties (vitamins A, C) and accelerated by the addition of saturated fat and/or fructose to the diet.
{"title":"Pharmacological models of liver iron overload","authors":"T. E. Bogacheva, I. Torshin, O. Gromova, T. R. Grishina","doi":"10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-218-10-221-228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-218-10-221-228","url":null,"abstract":"Iron deposits in tissues (hemosiderosis) accompany various diseases of the liver and pancreas. Overload of the liver with iron occurs due to (1) a diet with excess saturated fats, which provoke inflammation of the liver, (2) slowdown and stagnation of blood flow in the area of the portal vein (physical inactivity, obesity, alcoholism, etc), (3) uncontrolled and long-term use of iron supplements (primarily based on inorganic forms - sulfates, oxides, hydroxides of iron, etc.), (4) hereditary diseases (hemochromatosis). Patients with liver overload with iron require not only correction of diet and lifestyle (including physical activity), but also special therapy using effective and safe drugs. To study the effect of excess iron on the body and search for the most appropriate therapy for hemosiderosis, special models of liver overload with iron have been developed in pharmacology. The degree of iron overload and the rate of hemosiderosis formation in models can be slowed down by the addition of micronutrients with hepatoprotective properties (vitamins A, C) and accelerated by the addition of saturated fat and/or fructose to the diet.","PeriodicalId":12262,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140241064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-218-10-168-174
M. Livzan, T. Krolevets, M. I. Syrovenko
The aim of this review is to summarise the current knowledge on the role of adipokines on the development and progression of MAFLD. Discussion: diagnostic criteria for metabolic-associated liver disease (MAFLD) versus non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are presented. The pathogenetic aspects of metabolic disorders in MAFLD are discussed. The potential role of various adipokines such as leptin, resistin, vasfastin, ghrelin, adiponectin and others is considered. Data from our own studies and foreign studies are presented. Conclusion: given the pandemic growth of MAFLD and its association with cardiovascular risk and obesity, the question of how to properly curate patients with comorbid to reduce risks is timely and highly relevant. Adipokines contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of MAFLD. Among all, leptin and adiponectin are the most promising and well studied. That is why strategies aimed at restoring leptin and adiponectin balance may have an impact on the course of MAFLD.
{"title":"Role of adipokines in the formation of metabolic disorders in conditions of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD)","authors":"M. Livzan, T. Krolevets, M. I. Syrovenko","doi":"10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-218-10-168-174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-218-10-168-174","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this review is to summarise the current knowledge on the role of adipokines on the development and progression of MAFLD. Discussion: diagnostic criteria for metabolic-associated liver disease (MAFLD) versus non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are presented. The pathogenetic aspects of metabolic disorders in MAFLD are discussed. The potential role of various adipokines such as leptin, resistin, vasfastin, ghrelin, adiponectin and others is considered. Data from our own studies and foreign studies are presented. Conclusion: given the pandemic growth of MAFLD and its association with cardiovascular risk and obesity, the question of how to properly curate patients with comorbid to reduce risks is timely and highly relevant. Adipokines contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of MAFLD. Among all, leptin and adiponectin are the most promising and well studied. That is why strategies aimed at restoring leptin and adiponectin balance may have an impact on the course of MAFLD.","PeriodicalId":12262,"journal":{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"74 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140238487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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