Objective To observe the effects of thalamus on basal ganglia information integration and relay during the exhaustive exercise, and thus to reveal the possible mechanism underlying exercise induced central fatigue. Methods 8 weeks old male Wistar rats were used in the experiment. By using local field potentials recording technique, the dynamic changes of neural activity in rats ventrolateralthalamus (VL) were observed during the exhaustive exercise. The changes of NR2B and GABAAa-1 receptor expression level in rats VL before , immediately after and 90 min after exhaustive exercise were also observed. Results The changes of neural activity in rats VL demonstrated obvious phasic features. During automatic exercise phase, the frequency of neural activity increased, the amplitude decreased, activity of α wave increased significantly (P<0.05), the power spectrum gravity frequency increased significantly (P<0.05), these changes indicate the increased neuronal excitability. During early fatigue and exhaustion phases, the frequency of neural activity decreased, the amplitude increased, activity of δ and θ wave increased significantly (P<0.05). The power spectrum gravity frequency decreased significantly (P<0.05), this indicates the decreased neuronal excitability. The expression of GABAAa-1 receptors increased significantly (P<0.05) at timepoint of exhaustion and 90min after exhaustion compared with that of rest phase. Conclusions As the relaying nucleus of ‘basal ganglia- thalamus-cortex’ pathway, changes of neural activity in VL is one of the important factors inducing development of fatigue and decrease of exercise performance. Changes of GABAAa-1 receptor expression may be one of the possible mechanisms leading to the change of neuronal excitability in VL.
{"title":"PO-253 Study on the effects of thalamus on basal ganglia information integration and relay during the exhaustive exercise","authors":"Yanru Hu","doi":"10.14428/EBR.V1I5.11013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14428/EBR.V1I5.11013","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To observe the effects of thalamus on basal ganglia information integration and relay during the exhaustive exercise, and thus to reveal the possible mechanism underlying exercise induced central fatigue. \u0000Methods 8 weeks old male Wistar rats were used in the experiment. By using local field potentials recording technique, the dynamic changes of neural activity in rats ventrolateralthalamus (VL) were observed during the exhaustive exercise. The changes of NR2B and GABAAa-1 receptor expression level in rats VL before , immediately after and 90 min after exhaustive exercise were also observed. \u0000Results The changes of neural activity in rats VL demonstrated obvious phasic features. During automatic exercise phase, the frequency of neural activity increased, the amplitude decreased, activity of α wave increased significantly (P<0.05), the power spectrum gravity frequency increased significantly (P<0.05), these changes indicate the increased neuronal excitability. During early fatigue and exhaustion phases, the frequency of neural activity decreased, the amplitude increased, activity of δ and θ wave increased significantly (P<0.05). The power spectrum gravity frequency decreased significantly (P<0.05), this indicates the decreased neuronal excitability. The expression of GABAAa-1 receptors increased significantly (P<0.05) at timepoint of exhaustion and 90min after exhaustion compared with that of rest phase. \u0000Conclusions As the relaying nucleus of ‘basal ganglia- thalamus-cortex’ pathway, changes of neural activity in VL is one of the important factors inducing development of fatigue and decrease of exercise performance. Changes of GABAAa-1 receptor expression may be one of the possible mechanisms leading to the change of neuronal excitability in VL. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":12276,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Biochemistry Review","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86214965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective Multiple quick recovery methods are used in the training and competition fields to explore quick recovery programs appropriate for application at the competition site, search for quick recovery form appropriate for competition characteristics of partial programs, and provide more science and technology measures for preparing for large sport, quickening the recovery of the athletes at the competition site, improving competitive capability and enhancing training and competition performance. Methods Athletes in Beijing participating in partial programs of the 13th National Games are taken as the research object. According to training and competition characteristics of the program, and in combination with competition rules and conditions at the competition site, practice research is used to try to use nutritional supplement, whole-body cryotherapy (WBC), hyperbaric oxygen recovery, deep muscle stimulate (DMS), intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) and music therapy and others at the training and competition sites, explore positive and effective quick recovery solutions, and establish a mobile quick recovery strategy for general games. Results According to research results of all events in Beijing before the game, nearly 70% of sports teams are in urgent need of corresponding quick recovery support and guarantee; it’s proven through practice and application in the 13th National Games, mobile quick recovery strategy can be used during preparation before the game, so as to activate the muscle in an accelerated way, improve nerve excitability and enhance warm-up effect; in the break of many matches in one day, it can be used to calm down, quickly supplement energy substances, speed up the elimination of metabolites, relieve muscle fatigue, quickly restore physical functions, and prepare well for the next match; if competition is required in consecutive days, it can be used during recovery after the end of daily competition, to timely supplement energy substances consumed in competition, eliminate metabolites, improve sleep, accelerate anabolism, fully restore physical functions and ensure good state in the competition Conclusions With the principle of quickening muscle relaxation and fatigue elimination and in the form of “quick recovery mobile service station”, during preparation before competition, interval and after the competition, mobile quick recovery strategy can be used, i.e. multiple quick recovery measures are used at the competition site to promote fatigue elimination and physical recovery of the athletes, achieve good results, provide strong operability and good promotion value, so as to provide a new thought and selection for preparing for large games, speeding up recovery of athletes at the competition site, improving competitive capability and enhancing training and competition performance.
{"title":"PO-290 Discussing and Exploring about Mobile Quick Recovery Strategy for General Games——Quick Recovery Measure Applied on the 13th National Games","authors":"Y. Liu, Jianghong An","doi":"10.14428/ebr.v1i5.13153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14428/ebr.v1i5.13153","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Multiple quick recovery methods are used in the training and competition fields to explore quick recovery programs appropriate for application at the competition site, search for quick recovery form appropriate for competition characteristics of partial programs, and provide more science and technology measures for preparing for large sport, quickening the recovery of the athletes at the competition site, improving competitive capability and enhancing training and competition performance. \u0000Methods Athletes in Beijing participating in partial programs of the 13th National Games are taken as the research object. According to training and competition characteristics of the program, and in combination with competition rules and conditions at the competition site, practice research is used to try to use nutritional supplement, whole-body cryotherapy (WBC), hyperbaric oxygen recovery, deep muscle stimulate (DMS), intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) and music therapy and others at the training and competition sites, explore positive and effective quick recovery solutions, and establish a mobile quick recovery strategy for general games. \u0000Results According to research results of all events in Beijing before the game, nearly 70% of sports teams are in urgent need of corresponding quick recovery support and guarantee; it’s proven through practice and application in the 13th National Games, mobile quick recovery strategy can be used during preparation before the game, so as to activate the muscle in an accelerated way, improve nerve excitability and enhance warm-up effect; in the break of many matches in one day, it can be used to calm down, quickly supplement energy substances, speed up the elimination of metabolites, relieve muscle fatigue, quickly restore physical functions, and prepare well for the next match; if competition is required in consecutive days, it can be used during recovery after the end of daily competition, to timely supplement energy substances consumed in competition, eliminate metabolites, improve sleep, accelerate anabolism, fully restore physical functions and ensure good state in the competition \u0000Conclusions With the principle of quickening muscle relaxation and fatigue elimination and in the form of “quick recovery mobile service station”, during preparation before competition, interval and after the competition, mobile quick recovery strategy can be used, i.e. multiple quick recovery measures are used at the competition site to promote fatigue elimination and physical recovery of the athletes, achieve good results, provide strong operability and good promotion value, so as to provide a new thought and selection for preparing for large games, speeding up recovery of athletes at the competition site, improving competitive capability and enhancing training and competition performance.","PeriodicalId":12276,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Biochemistry Review","volume":"722 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91458618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective Evidence indicates that physical activity influence bone health. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating the beneficial adaptations to exercise are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the differentially expressed genes in PBMC between athletes and healthy controls, and to analyze the important functional genes and signal pathways that cause increased bone mineral density in athletes, in order to further reveal the molecular mechanisms of exercise promoting bone health. Methods Five professional trampoline athletes and five age-matched untrained college students participated in this study. Used the human expression Microarray V4.0 expression profiling chip to detect differentially expressed genes in the two groups, and performed KEGG Pathway analysis and application of STRING database to construct protein interaction Network; Real-Time PCR technology was used to verify the expression of some differential genes. Results Compared with healthy controls, there were significant improvement in lumbar spine bone mineral density, and 236 up-regulated as well as 265 down-regulated in serum samples of athletes. The differentially expressed genes involved 28 signal pathways, such as cell adhesion molecules. Protein interaction network showed that MYC was at the core node position. Real-time PCR results showed that the expression levels of CD40 and ITGα6 genes in the athletes were up-regulated compared with the healthy controls, the detection results were consistent with that of the gene chip. Conclusions The findings highlight that long-term high-intensity trampoline training could induce transcriptional changes in PBMC of the athletes. These data suggest that gene expression fingerprints can serve as a powerful research tool to design novel strategies for monitoring exercise. The findings of the study also provide support for the notion that PBMC could be used as a substitute to study exercise training that affects bone health.
{"title":"PO-046 Gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in young male trampoline athletes","authors":"Li Gao, Yongjie Yang, Enyuan Li, J. Mao","doi":"10.14428/EBR.V1I3.10113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14428/EBR.V1I3.10113","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Evidence indicates that physical activity influence bone health. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating the beneficial adaptations to exercise are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the differentially expressed genes in PBMC between athletes and healthy controls, and to analyze the important functional genes and signal pathways that cause increased bone mineral density in athletes, in order to further reveal the molecular mechanisms of exercise promoting bone health. \u0000Methods Five professional trampoline athletes and five age-matched untrained college students participated in this study. Used the human expression Microarray V4.0 expression profiling chip to detect differentially expressed genes in the two groups, and performed KEGG Pathway analysis and application of STRING database to construct protein interaction Network; Real-Time PCR technology was used to verify the expression of some differential genes. \u0000Results Compared with healthy controls, there were significant improvement in lumbar spine bone mineral density, and 236 up-regulated as well as 265 down-regulated in serum samples of athletes. The differentially expressed genes involved 28 signal pathways, such as cell adhesion molecules. Protein interaction network showed that MYC was at the core node position. Real-time PCR results showed that the expression levels of CD40 and ITGα6 genes in the athletes were up-regulated compared with the healthy controls, the detection results were consistent with that of the gene chip. \u0000Conclusions The findings highlight that long-term high-intensity trampoline training could induce transcriptional changes in PBMC of the athletes. These data suggest that gene expression fingerprints can serve as a powerful research tool to design novel strategies for monitoring exercise. The findings of the study also provide support for the notion that PBMC could be used as a substitute to study exercise training that affects bone health.","PeriodicalId":12276,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Biochemistry Review","volume":"73 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89183633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aishan Liu, Fangming Liu, Xue-Lin Zhang, Yarong Wang, Mei Kong, Xiang Zhang, Meiling Ye
Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of acupuncture intervention on the changes of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration following eccentric contractions (ECC) in rat skeletal muscle. Methods 24 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (C, n=6)、electrical stimulation group (E, n=6)、electrical stimulation group with acupuncture intervention (EA, n=6)、electrical stimulation group with acupuncture +TRP channel inhibitor Gd3+ (EAI, n=6). The animal model of eccentric induced skeletal muscle injury was established by electrical stimulation on spinotrapezius muscle of anaesthetised rats in vivo, that is to say, the intact spinotrapezius muscle of adult Wistar rats was exteriorized, and tetanic eccentric contractions (100 Hz, 10 sets of 50 contractions) were elicited by electrical stimulation during synchronized muscle stretch of 10% resting muscle length. Cytoplasmic Ca2+ accumulation were determined by loading the muscle with fura 4-AM using fluorescent imaging in vivo, and mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration were determined by loading the muscle with fura 2-AM using fluorescent imaging in vitro, and recorded changes of muscle maximum tetanic force. Results (1) In vivo, compared with the C , cytoplasmic Ca2+ accumulation increased more rapidly during ECC in the E (P < 0.001). Acupuncture intervention significantly reduced cytosolic Ca2+ accumulation in the EA compared with the E (P < 0.01), and we discovered that muscle deformation generated by acupuncture intervention induced a robust Ca2+ spark response confined in close spatial proximity to the sarcolemmal membrane in intact muscle fibers. Although no significant differences between the EA and EAI, Gd3+ abolished the majority of cytoplasmic Ca2+ accumulation decrease during ECC in the EAI and a robust Ca2+ spark response disappeared compared with the EA. (2) In vitro, compared with the C, mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration did not elevations in MCC in the E. EA cytoplasmic Ca2+ increased rapidly above the C and E (P < 0.01), respectively, but EAI significantly attenuated the increases in mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration compared with the EA (P < 0.01). (3). Compared with the C , maximum tetanic force was significantly lower in the E after ECC (P < 0.01). EA maximum tetanic force increased rapidly compared with the E after ECC (P < 0.05), but EAL abolished the majority maximum tetanic force increase after ECC (P < 0.05). Conclusions (1)Eccentric contraction caused cytoplasmic Ca2+ accumulation, but mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration decrease. (2)Acupuncture can effectively reduce cytosolic Ca2+ overload, following by mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration increase , which in turn abnormally high cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels are buffed by the mitochondria, and improved muscle function, and the effect was associated to the TRP channels.
{"title":"PO-252 Effect of acupuncture intervention on the changes of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration following eccentric contractions in rat skeletal muscle","authors":"Aishan Liu, Fangming Liu, Xue-Lin Zhang, Yarong Wang, Mei Kong, Xiang Zhang, Meiling Ye","doi":"10.14428/EBR.V1I5.11003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14428/EBR.V1I5.11003","url":null,"abstract":"Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of acupuncture intervention on the changes of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration following eccentric contractions (ECC) in rat skeletal muscle. Methods 24 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (C, n=6)、electrical stimulation group (E, n=6)、electrical stimulation group with acupuncture intervention (EA, n=6)、electrical stimulation group with acupuncture +TRP channel inhibitor Gd3+ (EAI, n=6). The animal model of eccentric induced skeletal muscle injury was established by electrical stimulation on spinotrapezius muscle of anaesthetised rats in vivo, that is to say, the intact spinotrapezius muscle of adult Wistar rats was exteriorized, and tetanic eccentric contractions (100 Hz, 10 sets of 50 contractions) were elicited by electrical stimulation during synchronized muscle stretch of 10% resting muscle length. Cytoplasmic Ca2+ accumulation were determined by loading the muscle with fura 4-AM using fluorescent imaging in vivo, and mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration were determined by loading the muscle with fura 2-AM using fluorescent imaging in vitro, and recorded changes of muscle maximum tetanic force. Results (1) In vivo, compared with the C , cytoplasmic Ca2+ accumulation increased more rapidly during ECC in the E (P < 0.001). Acupuncture intervention significantly reduced cytosolic Ca2+ accumulation in the EA compared with the E (P < 0.01), and we discovered that muscle deformation generated by acupuncture intervention induced a robust Ca2+ spark response confined in close spatial proximity to the sarcolemmal membrane in intact muscle fibers. Although no significant differences between the EA and EAI, Gd3+ abolished the majority of cytoplasmic Ca2+ accumulation decrease during ECC in the EAI and a robust Ca2+ spark response disappeared compared with the EA. (2) In vitro, compared with the C, mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration did not elevations in MCC in the E. EA cytoplasmic Ca2+ increased rapidly above the C and E (P < 0.01), respectively, but EAI significantly attenuated the increases in mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration compared with the EA (P < 0.01). (3). Compared with the C , maximum tetanic force was significantly lower in the E after ECC (P < 0.01). EA maximum tetanic force increased rapidly compared with the E after ECC (P < 0.05), but EAL abolished the majority maximum tetanic force increase after ECC (P < 0.05). Conclusions (1)Eccentric contraction caused cytoplasmic Ca2+ accumulation, but mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration decrease. (2)Acupuncture can effectively reduce cytosolic Ca2+ overload, following by mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration increase , which in turn abnormally high cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels are buffed by the mitochondria, and improved muscle function, and the effect was associated to the TRP channels.","PeriodicalId":12276,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Biochemistry Review","volume":"107 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91408233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective Irisin is a newly identified myokine, which is mainly secreted by skeleton muscle, adipose and cerebellar. It is shown to be related to some physiology process. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of exercise on circulating irisin concentrations in overweight or obese individuals Methods Searches were performed on nine online electronic databases including PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, web of science, Ebsco, CNKI, VIP, CBM and Wan-Fang Data databases. The search items were irisin, fibronectin type Ⅲ domain-containing protein 5, FNDC5, exercise, training, physical activity, obesity, overweight, obese, body mass index, BMI, adiposity and fat. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) or clinical controlled trials about the effect of exercise on circulating irisin concentrations in overweight or obese individuals in English or Chinese were eligible for the study. The trials compare exercise intervention with no intervention, or combined interventions of exercise and other with other intervention(s), and the exercise intervention is not one acute time. Besides, the trial objects belong to overweight or obese regardless of the judgement’s indicator. According to the criteria, the data extracted by two research independently. If there was disagreement, discussion between all the authors were used to settle. The risk of bias among the included studies was assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration Risk-of-Bias tool, which consists of seven domains and each one was judged to ‘unclear risk’ ‘low risk’, or ‘high risk’ following the recommendations detailed of the Cochrane handbook. Lastly an analysis about the final studies was done. Results The search identified a total of 855 possible articles. Of those, 364 were removed as duplicates, and the remaining 491 were screened for the titles and abstracts. The full-texts of 56 trials were retrieved to assess for eligibility. After the evaluation, four articles of RCTs were retained for the final system review from the year of 2015 to 2017, producing 6 study estimates. The assessments class of methods quantality of them are A. All the research subjects are more than 18 years old, and in one study subjects are men, men and women in two, women in three. The types of exercise intervention are dissimilar, such as strengthen or endurance exercise (including high intensity interval training, HIIT). In the duration of exercise, three studies are 8 weeks, and two for 12 weeks, one for 24 weeks. In circulating irisin, the detection methods of all is enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and three are in plasm, three in serum. Furthermore, the concentration unit in five studies is ng/ml, and one is µg/ml. Bonefate suggests that aerobic exercise with the frequency of 3 times per week for 24 week maintains plasma FNDC5/irisin of middle-age obese men, same as 8 weeks aerobic exercise for overweight/obese adults by Kim, but three is an opposite result from Wu, which proved that aerobic exercise of twelv
目的鸢尾素是一种新发现的主要由骨骼肌、脂肪和小脑分泌的肌肉因子。它被证明与某些生理过程有关。方法在PubMed、EMbase、The Cochrane Library、web of science、Ebsco、CNKI、VIP、CBM和万方数据库等9个在线电子数据库进行检索。搜索项为鸢尾素、纤维连接蛋白类型Ⅲ结构域蛋白5、FNDC5、运动、训练、体力活动、肥胖、超重、肥胖、体重指数、BMI、肥胖和脂肪。关于运动对超重或肥胖人群循环鸢尾素浓度影响的随机对照试验(RCT)或临床对照试验均符合本研究的条件。试验将运动干预与不干预进行比较，或将运动与其他联合干预与其他干预进行比较，并且运动干预不是一次性的。此外，无论判断的指标如何，试验对象都属于超重或肥胖。根据标准，数据由两项研究独立提取。如果有分歧，所有作者之间的讨论被用来解决。包括之间的偏差的风险研究是由Cochrane协作Risk-of-Bias评估工具,由七个领域和每一个被认为“不清楚风险”“低风险”,或“高风险”的建议详细Cochrane手册。最后对最后的研究结果进行了分析。结果共检索到855篇可能的文献。其中364篇作为重复被删除，其余491篇作为标题和摘要进行筛选。检索56项试验的全文以评估其合格性。评估结束后，保留2015 - 2017年的4篇随机对照试验进行最终系统评审，产生6项研究评估。研究对象年龄均在18岁以上，1个研究对象为男性，2个研究对象为男女，3个研究对象为女性。运动干预的类型是不同的，如加强或耐力运动(包括高强度间歇训练，HIIT)。在运动时间上，3项研究为8周，2项为12周，1项为24周。在循环鸢尾素中，检测方法有酶联免疫吸附法、血浆法、血清法三种。5项研究的浓度单位为ng/ml, 1项研究的浓度单位为µg/ml。Bonefate认为有氧运动频率为每周3次，持续24周维持中年肥胖男性血浆FNDC5/irisin，与Kim对超重/肥胖成人进行8周有氧运动的结果相同，但与Wu的结果相反，证明了12周的有氧运动可以提高年轻肥胖女性的血清irisin。根据tofight或Wu的建议，8或12周的HIIT会提高久坐肥胖妇女或年轻肥胖妇女的血清鸢尾素。此外，8周的抗阻运动显著增加了超重/肥胖成年人的血浆鸢尾素。结论运动对超重或肥胖人群循环鸢尾素水平影响的研究尚不足以得出积极的结果，但现有证据的质量评价较高。根据现有文献，运动可以维持或改善超重或肥胖个体的循环鸢尾素水平。这种效果需要进一步的大样本量随机对照试验来证明。
{"title":"PO-256 Influences of Exercise on Circulating Irisin in Overweight or Obese Individuals: a system review","authors":"Hongguo Li, Ye Tian, Jing-xin Liu, Z. Cao","doi":"10.14428/EBR.V1I5.11043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14428/EBR.V1I5.11043","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Irisin is a newly identified myokine, which is mainly secreted by skeleton muscle, adipose and cerebellar. It is shown to be related to some physiology process. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of exercise on circulating irisin concentrations in overweight or obese individuals \u0000Methods Searches were performed on nine online electronic databases including PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, web of science, Ebsco, CNKI, VIP, CBM and Wan-Fang Data databases. The search items were irisin, fibronectin type Ⅲ domain-containing protein 5, FNDC5, exercise, training, physical activity, obesity, overweight, obese, body mass index, BMI, adiposity and fat. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) or clinical controlled trials about the effect of exercise on circulating irisin concentrations in overweight or obese individuals in English or Chinese were eligible for the study. The trials compare exercise intervention with no intervention, or combined interventions of exercise and other with other intervention(s), and the exercise intervention is not one acute time. Besides, the trial objects belong to overweight or obese regardless of the judgement’s indicator. According to the criteria, the data extracted by two research independently. If there was disagreement, discussion between all the authors were used to settle. The risk of bias among the included studies was assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration Risk-of-Bias tool, which consists of seven domains and each one was judged to ‘unclear risk’ ‘low risk’, or ‘high risk’ following the recommendations detailed of the Cochrane handbook. Lastly an analysis about the final studies was done. \u0000Results The search identified a total of 855 possible articles. Of those, 364 were removed as duplicates, and the remaining 491 were screened for the titles and abstracts. The full-texts of 56 trials were retrieved to assess for eligibility. After the evaluation, four articles of RCTs were retained for the final system review from the year of 2015 to 2017, producing 6 study estimates. The assessments class of methods quantality of them are A. All the research subjects are more than 18 years old, and in one study subjects are men, men and women in two, women in three. The types of exercise intervention are dissimilar, such as strengthen or endurance exercise (including high intensity interval training, HIIT). In the duration of exercise, three studies are 8 weeks, and two for 12 weeks, one for 24 weeks. In circulating irisin, the detection methods of all is enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and three are in plasm, three in serum. Furthermore, the concentration unit in five studies is ng/ml, and one is µg/ml. Bonefate suggests that aerobic exercise with the frequency of 3 times per week for 24 week maintains plasma FNDC5/irisin of middle-age obese men, same as 8 weeks aerobic exercise for overweight/obese adults by Kim, but three is an opposite result from Wu, which proved that aerobic exercise of twelv","PeriodicalId":12276,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Biochemistry Review","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81024320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective FTO (Fat mass and obesity-associated) is associated with increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes incurrence. Studies have shown that the expression of FTO protein in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue is related to the oxidation rate of whole body substrate. With the increase of age, the body's carbohydrate oxidation rate decreases, the fat oxidation rate increases, and at the meanwhile the expression of FTO protein in skeletal muscle decreases and that in adipose increases. HIIT is very helpful for inhibiting obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. So the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of HIIT exercise on the expression of FTO protein in rats and its relationship to glucose and fat metabolism. Methods 20 Male, 3-week-old SD rats were randomly divided into two groups, each group has 10 rats. C group: sedentary; HIIT group: high-intensity intermittent training group (85% ~ 90% VO2max exercise for 6min, 50% VO2max exercise interval 4min, repeated 6 times. 5 times/week ,4 weeks). All subjects were maintained in a free facility with constant temperature of 25°C, light-dark cycle of 12/12 h and free access to water. 48 hours after the last exercise, all samples were taken with an overnight fast. The expression of FTO protein in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue was measured by Western Blot. Serum insulin was tested by ELISA; Estimation of blood glucose was tested by Glucose oxidase method. Results 1.The expression of FTO protein in skeletal muscle was significantly higher than that of group C (P <0.01); The expression of FTO protein in adipose tissue of HIIT group was significantly lower than that of group C (P <0.05); 2. Serum insulin levels of group HIIT was significantly lower than that of group C (p <0.01); And the blood glucose of group HIIT was significantly lower than that of group C (p <0.01). 3. Serum LDL-C of group HIIT was significantly lower than that of group C (p <0.01), and serum HDL-C of group HIIT was significantly higher than that of group C (p <0.01);4. Correlation analysis showed that serum insulin level was negatively correlated with skeletal muscle FTO protein expression (R = -0.454, p < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that serum LDL-C levels was positively correlated with adipose tissue FTO protein expression (R=0.559, p < 0.05) and serum HDL-C levels was negatively correlated with adipose tissue FTO protein expression (R=-0.474, p < 0.05). Conclusions 1. HIIT can increase the protein expression of FTO in rat skeletal muscle and decrease the expression of FTO protein in adipose tissue; 2. HIIT can regulate glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism in rats; 3. The regulation of glucose metabolism by HIIT may be related to the increase of FTO protein expression in skeletal muscle. The regulation of lipid metabolism may be related to the reduction of FTO protein expression in adipose tissue.
FTO(脂肪量与肥胖相关)与肥胖和2型糖尿病发病风险增加有关。研究表明，骨骼肌和脂肪组织中FTO蛋白的表达与全身底物的氧化速率有关。随着年龄的增长，机体碳水化合物氧化率降低，脂肪氧化率升高，同时骨骼肌中FTO蛋白表达减少，脂肪中FTO蛋白表达增加。HIIT对抑制肥胖、胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病非常有帮助。因此本研究的目的是探讨HIIT运动对大鼠FTO蛋白表达的影响及其与葡萄糖和脂肪代谢的关系。方法20只3周龄雄性SD大鼠随机分为2组，每组10只。C组:久坐;HIIT组:高强度间歇训练组(85% ~ 90% VO2max运动间歇6min, 50% VO2max运动间歇4min，重复6次。5次/周，4周)。所有受试者均在恒温25°C、光暗循环12/12 h、可自由取水的自由设施中生活。最后一次运动后48小时，所有样品均禁食过夜。Western Blot检测骨骼肌和脂肪组织中FTO蛋白的表达。ELISA法检测血清胰岛素;采用葡萄糖氧化酶法测定血糖。结果1。FTO蛋白在骨骼肌中的表达极显著高于C组(P <0.01);HIIT组脂肪组织FTO蛋白表达量显著低于C组(P <0.05);2. HIIT组血清胰岛素水平显著低于C组(p <0.01);HIIT组血糖显著低于C组(p <0.01)。3.3 . HIIT组血清LDL-C显著低于C组(p <0.01)，血清HDL-C显著高于C组(p <0.01);相关分析显示，血清胰岛素水平与骨骼肌FTO蛋白表达呈负相关(R = -0.454, p < 0.05)。相关分析显示，血清LDL-C水平与脂肪组织FTO蛋白表达呈正相关(R=0.559, p < 0.05)，血清HDL-C水平与脂肪组织FTO蛋白表达呈负相关(R=-0.474, p < 0.05)。结论1。HIIT可提高大鼠骨骼肌中FTO蛋白的表达，降低脂肪组织中FTO蛋白的表达;2. HIIT可以调节大鼠的糖代谢和脂代谢;3.HIIT对葡萄糖代谢的调节可能与骨骼肌中FTO蛋白表达的增加有关。脂质代谢的调节可能与脂肪组织中FTO蛋白表达的减少有关。
{"title":"PO-294 Effects of HIIT on FTO protein expression and its relationship with glucose and fat metabolism","authors":"Chunyan Xu, Juan Zhao, J. Duan","doi":"10.14428/EBR.V1I5.13273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14428/EBR.V1I5.13273","url":null,"abstract":"Objective FTO (Fat mass and obesity-associated) is associated with increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes incurrence. Studies have shown that the expression of FTO protein in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue is related to the oxidation rate of whole body substrate. With the increase of age, the body's carbohydrate oxidation rate decreases, the fat oxidation rate increases, and at the meanwhile the expression of FTO protein in skeletal muscle decreases and that in adipose increases. HIIT is very helpful for inhibiting obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. So the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of HIIT exercise on the expression of FTO protein in rats and its relationship to glucose and fat metabolism. \u0000Methods 20 Male, 3-week-old SD rats were randomly divided into two groups, each group has 10 rats. C group: sedentary; HIIT group: high-intensity intermittent training group (85% ~ 90% VO2max exercise for 6min, 50% VO2max exercise interval 4min, repeated 6 times. 5 times/week ,4 weeks). All subjects were maintained in a free facility with constant temperature of 25°C, light-dark cycle of 12/12 h and free access to water. 48 hours after the last exercise, all samples were taken with an overnight fast. The expression of FTO protein in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue was measured by Western Blot. Serum insulin was tested by ELISA; Estimation of blood glucose was tested by Glucose oxidase method. \u0000Results 1.The expression of FTO protein in skeletal muscle was significantly higher than that of group C (P <0.01); The expression of FTO protein in adipose tissue of HIIT group was significantly lower than that of group C (P <0.05); 2. Serum insulin levels of group HIIT was significantly lower than that of group C (p <0.01); And the blood glucose of group HIIT was significantly lower than that of group C (p <0.01). 3. Serum LDL-C of group HIIT was significantly lower than that of group C (p <0.01), and serum HDL-C of group HIIT was significantly higher than that of group C (p <0.01);4. Correlation analysis showed that serum insulin level was negatively correlated with skeletal muscle FTO protein expression (R = -0.454, p < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that serum LDL-C levels was positively correlated with adipose tissue FTO protein expression (R=0.559, p < 0.05) and serum HDL-C levels was negatively correlated with adipose tissue FTO protein expression (R=-0.474, p < 0.05). \u0000Conclusions 1. HIIT can increase the protein expression of FTO in rat skeletal muscle and decrease the expression of FTO protein in adipose tissue; 2. HIIT can regulate glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism in rats; 3. The regulation of glucose metabolism by HIIT may be related to the increase of FTO protein expression in skeletal muscle. The regulation of lipid metabolism may be related to the reduction of FTO protein expression in adipose tissue.","PeriodicalId":12276,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Biochemistry Review","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88799322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Shi, Xiangyang Tian, Quanguang Zhang, Zepeng Cheng, Yu Feng
Objective Age-related muscle wasting (sarcopenia) is accompanied by a decrease in estrogen levels which can compromise the health of aging women. Recent studies have shown that the key enzyme of estrogen synthesis (aromatase) is detected in the skeletal muscle. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise on the expression of aromatase and the synthesis of sex steroid hormones in skeletal muscle following exercise training. Methods Fourteen female ovariectomized rats were divided into two groups, treadmill running (n=7) and sedentary (n=7) group. Exercise training on a treadmill (25 m/min, 60 min/day, 6 days/week) for 5 weeks. Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect estradiol and aromatase levels in soleus muscle and plantar muscle. Detected the expression of AKT, Aromatase, FoxO1, MyoD protein level by Western blotting. Results We found that in ovariectomized rats, exercise training significantly increased the soleus and plantar muscles mass. The level of aromatase expression and 17-b-estradiol (E2) were increased significantly in skeletal muscle following exercise training(P < 0.05). In addition, the down-stream Akt-FoxO1-MyoD signaling pathway was significantly regulated in both soleus and plantaris muscles following exercise(P< 0.05). Conclusions These results demonstrate that exercise training increased the expression of aromatase and local estrogen production in skeletal muscle, which potentially influences skeletal muscle in ovariectomized rats through activation of Akt-FoxO1-MyoD signaling pathway.
{"title":"PO-047 Expression of Aromatase and Synthesis of Sex Steroid Hormones in Skeletal Muscle Following Exercise Training in Ovariectomized Rats","authors":"R. Shi, Xiangyang Tian, Quanguang Zhang, Zepeng Cheng, Yu Feng","doi":"10.14428/EBR.V1I3.10123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14428/EBR.V1I3.10123","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Age-related muscle wasting (sarcopenia) is accompanied by a decrease in estrogen levels which can compromise the health of aging women. Recent studies have shown that the key enzyme of estrogen synthesis (aromatase) is detected in the skeletal muscle. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise on the expression of aromatase and the synthesis of sex steroid hormones in skeletal muscle following exercise training. \u0000Methods Fourteen female ovariectomized rats were divided into two groups, treadmill running (n=7) and sedentary (n=7) group. Exercise training on a treadmill (25 m/min, 60 min/day, 6 days/week) for 5 weeks. Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect estradiol and aromatase levels in soleus muscle and plantar muscle. Detected the expression of AKT, Aromatase, FoxO1, MyoD protein level by Western blotting. \u0000Results We found that in ovariectomized rats, exercise training significantly increased the soleus and plantar muscles mass. The level of aromatase expression and 17-b-estradiol (E2) were increased significantly in skeletal muscle following exercise training(P < 0.05). In addition, the down-stream Akt-FoxO1-MyoD signaling pathway was significantly regulated in both soleus and plantaris muscles following exercise(P< 0.05). \u0000Conclusions These results demonstrate that exercise training increased the expression of aromatase and local estrogen production in skeletal muscle, which potentially influences skeletal muscle in ovariectomized rats through activation of Akt-FoxO1-MyoD signaling pathway.","PeriodicalId":12276,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Biochemistry Review","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84786934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective Using the theory of sports biochemistry, we can better complete the formulation of the training plan, the evaluations of training effect and the athlete's fatigue status, the real-time monitoring of training intensity and training amount as well as the function level of athletes and the comprehensive evaluation of nutritional status. To provide some theoretical guidance for the daily training of Chinese hearing-impaired table tennis team and to gradually establish the biochemical monitoring model for the Chinese Deaf Table tennis team, this subject has applied biochemical index monitoring to this team. Methods 2.1 Research Object 8 Athletes (male 4 female 4) of the Chinese hearing-impaired table tennis team were studied. The average height, weight, and age were 174.3±5.1cm, 65.4±11.6kg, 23.5±4.9 years respectively.2.2 Research Methods 2.2.1 Literature To find out the energy-supplying and metabolic characteristics of table tennis as well as the modes to accelerate the recovery period of body fatigue, we have searched a variety of literature on this purpose. The investigation of athletes' nutrition regulation, physical training and rehabilitation and other related research results lays a good foundation for the implementation of the project. 2.2.2 Expert Interview This paper discusses the energy metabolism characteristics of the hearing-impaired table tennis players by discussing with the coaches, athletes and experts and scholars of the national Hearing Impairment project group. The evaluation index and standard of athlete's body function, the method of training load monitoring, the way of nutrition regulation, the means of fatigue recovery and the process of physical training were discussed. 3.2.3 Field Investigation From April, 20th, 2017 to July, 10th, 2017, two researchers have long been in the center of national table tennis training located at Zheng Ding, Hebei province, to complete training monitoring and research services. Results 3 Research Results Phlebotomizing 7 of the Chinese hearing-impaired table tennis players in June,2nd,2017 and June 7th, 2017 respectively, The blood samples were analyzed by the team of experts and researchers in the Sports Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory in Beijing Sport University. Part of the results was shown below in table 1, table 2. (1) Training intensity monitoring Huang Mengping had a slightly higher creatine kinase, a slight decrease in testosterone, a slight rise in cortisol, a lower testosterone/cortisol value, as well as an insignificant reduction in body function than the previous time. She should focus on the recovery of her body condition after training. In general, the testosterone, cortisol and testosterone/cortisol level in this team is slightly higher than the last time, blood urea lower than the previous. Strengthening the monitoring of exercise and nutrition and continuing to maintain a high body synthesis ability are favorable to intense competition. The ov
{"title":"PO-257 Application of biochemical index monitoring in Chinese hearing-impaired table tennis team","authors":"Yingqiu Zhang, Xingdong Zhou","doi":"10.14428/EBR.V1I5.11053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14428/EBR.V1I5.11053","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000Objective Using the theory of sports biochemistry, we can better complete the formulation of the training plan, the evaluations of training effect and the athlete's fatigue status, the real-time monitoring of training intensity and training amount as well as the function level of athletes and the comprehensive evaluation of nutritional status. To provide some theoretical guidance for the daily training of Chinese hearing-impaired table tennis team and to gradually establish the biochemical monitoring model for the Chinese Deaf Table tennis team, this subject has applied biochemical index monitoring to this team. \u0000Methods \u00002.1 Research Object \u00008 Athletes (male 4 female 4) of the Chinese hearing-impaired table tennis team were studied. The average height, weight, and age were 174.3±5.1cm, 65.4±11.6kg, 23.5±4.9 years respectively.2.2 Research Methods \u00002.2.1 Literature \u0000To find out the energy-supplying and metabolic characteristics of table tennis as well as the modes to accelerate the recovery period of body fatigue, we have searched a variety of literature on this purpose. The investigation of athletes' nutrition regulation, physical training and rehabilitation and other related research results lays a good foundation for the implementation of the project. \u00002.2.2 Expert Interview \u0000This paper discusses the energy metabolism characteristics of the hearing-impaired table tennis players by discussing with the coaches, athletes and experts and scholars of the national Hearing Impairment project group. The evaluation index and standard of athlete's body function, the method of training load monitoring, the way of nutrition regulation, the means of fatigue recovery and the process of physical training were discussed. \u00003.2.3 Field Investigation \u0000From April, 20th, 2017 to July, 10th, 2017, two researchers have long been in the center of national table tennis training located at Zheng Ding, Hebei province, to complete training monitoring and research services. \u0000Results \u00003 Research Results \u0000Phlebotomizing 7 of the Chinese hearing-impaired table tennis players in June,2nd,2017 and June 7th, 2017 respectively, The blood samples were analyzed by the team of experts and researchers in the Sports Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory in Beijing Sport University. Part of the results was shown below in table 1, table 2. \u0000(1) Training intensity monitoring \u0000Huang Mengping had a slightly higher creatine kinase, a slight decrease in testosterone, a slight rise in cortisol, a lower testosterone/cortisol value, as well as an insignificant reduction in body function than the previous time. She should focus on the recovery of her body condition after training. In general, the testosterone, cortisol and testosterone/cortisol level in this team is slightly higher than the last time, blood urea lower than the previous. Strengthening the monitoring of exercise and nutrition and continuing to maintain a high body synthesis ability are favorable to intense competition. The ov","PeriodicalId":12276,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Biochemistry Review","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83638424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective Diabetes mellitus coexisting with hypertension can accelerate and increase the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy, and the establishment of corresponding animal models can provide the clinical evidence for hypertension with diabetes mellitus. The model of diabetic rats with hypertension was established in order to find the most reasonable model. Methods Using the method of literature, the key words in Pubmed were: "diabetes mellitus"; "hypertension" ; "rat" ; The qualifying language for animal model is English, with a limitation period of 2008-2018. A total of 157 papers were collected and included into the standard: ①exclude the relevant model of renal hypertension; ②No other diseases other than diabetes and hypertension; A total of 42 studies were included. Results There are 6 models of diabetes mellitus with hypertension in common use at present. ①Surgically induced bilateral renal artery stenosis in rats, followed by low-dose STZ intraperitoneal injection and feeding high-calorie diet. ②special chemical (STZ or alloxan) directly injected into Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR) or combined with specific dietary induction; ③Hybridization of SHR and spontaneously diabetic rats; ④Inbred purebreds with a propensity to spontaneously diabetes, obese SHR and obese Zucker rats; ⑤Diabetes was induced by STZ injection with SHR in primary hypertensive rats. ⑥High-fat diet plus intraperitoneal injection of STZ into diabetic model combined with 1% NaCl water feeding. Conclusions The preparation methods of several models have their own advantages and disadvantages. From the point of view of the pathogenesis of human diseases, it is more ideal to make inbred model with the tendency of spontaneous diabetes. From the point of view of economy and economy, the low-dose STZ intraperitoneal injection of SHR into diabetic hypertensive rat model is low cost, high model rate and convenient. The model rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension were induced by high-fat diet plus STZ plus 1% NaCl by intraperitoneal injection of STZ in combination with drinking water. Relatively close to the course of human disease, the cost is lower, and it is the most widely used modeling method at present. Conclusion: Different research targets correspond to different animal model vectors. In the future, we should try to establish a more perfect model of diabetes mellitus with hypertension, which is more similar to human disease, so as to provide a good platform for disease prevention and treatment.
{"title":"PO-247 Research Progress of Diabetic Rat Model with Hypertension","authors":"Hai-Nan Wang","doi":"10.14428/EBR.V1I5.10953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14428/EBR.V1I5.10953","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Diabetes mellitus coexisting with hypertension can accelerate and increase the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy, and the establishment of corresponding animal models can provide the clinical evidence for hypertension with diabetes mellitus. The model of diabetic rats with hypertension was established in order to find the most reasonable model. \u0000Methods Using the method of literature, the key words in Pubmed were: \"diabetes mellitus\"; \"hypertension\" ; \"rat\" ; The qualifying language for animal model is English, with a limitation period of 2008-2018. A total of 157 papers were collected and included into the standard: ①exclude the relevant model of renal hypertension; ②No other diseases other than diabetes and hypertension; A total of 42 studies were included. \u0000Results There are 6 models of diabetes mellitus with hypertension in common use at present. ①Surgically induced bilateral renal artery stenosis in rats, followed by low-dose STZ intraperitoneal injection and feeding high-calorie diet. ②special chemical (STZ or alloxan) directly injected into Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR) or combined with specific dietary induction; ③Hybridization of SHR and spontaneously diabetic rats; ④Inbred purebreds with a propensity to spontaneously diabetes, obese SHR and obese Zucker rats; ⑤Diabetes was induced by STZ injection with SHR in primary hypertensive rats. ⑥High-fat diet plus intraperitoneal injection of STZ into diabetic model combined with 1% NaCl water feeding. \u0000Conclusions The preparation methods of several models have their own advantages and disadvantages. From the point of view of the pathogenesis of human diseases, it is more ideal to make inbred model with the tendency of spontaneous diabetes. From the point of view of economy and economy, the low-dose STZ intraperitoneal injection of SHR into diabetic hypertensive rat model is low cost, high model rate and convenient. The model rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension were induced by high-fat diet plus STZ plus 1% NaCl by intraperitoneal injection of STZ in combination with drinking water. Relatively close to the course of human disease, the cost is lower, and it is the most widely used modeling method at present. Conclusion: Different research targets correspond to different animal model vectors. In the future, we should try to establish a more perfect model of diabetes mellitus with hypertension, which is more similar to human disease, so as to provide a good platform for disease prevention and treatment.","PeriodicalId":12276,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Biochemistry Review","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89916548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and decreased levels of striatal dopamine. Previous studies have confirmed that striatum dysfunction is an important cause of behavioral dysfunction in PD mice, and changes in cortical-striatum synaptic transmission may play an important role in PD pathology. This experiment will use the patch clamp to explore the effect of exercise intervention on the synaptic transmission efficiency of cortical-striatum in PD mice. Methods The experimental animals (C57 mice male, 4 weeks) were randomly divided into normal group(N), PD group(PD)and PD exercise group(PD+EX）.PD mice models were established by injection of 6-OHDA in the striatum (4μg/position, AP + 0.5mm ML - 1.8mm DV - 3.0mm and- 2.0mm). Apomorphine(APO) rotation experiments were performed one week later to identify the model. The formal exercise intervention program was 16m/min, 40min/d, 5d/week,4 weeks（after the adaptive training, total of five weeks of treadmill exercise）. At the end of the intervention, brain slices (350μm) were prepared from each group of mice. The maximum striatum fEPSP (field excitatory postsynaptic potential, fEPSP) and striatum fEPSP under increasing stimulation intensity were recorded. Results 1.The results of APO rotation experiment: PD mice modeled 16/21(205.25±36.46 r higher than the standard). 2.N mice the maximum fEPSP amplitude is 1.9199±0.213mv(n=8)；PD: 1.0129±0.140 mv(n=8); PD+EX: 1.3221±.0865mv(n=8).There are significant differences between groups(P＜0.05). 3. There is a significant decrease in the slope of I-O curve in the PD mice compared with the N mice. And compared with the PD mice, the slope of I-O curve in PD+EX mice was increase(P＜0.05). Conclusions 1. 6-OHDA induced PD model was successfully established. The striatum function was abnormal in the pathological state of PD, and the exercise intervention enhanced the activity of the striatum. 2. The cortical-striatum synaptic transmission efficiency is reduced in the PD state, and the exercise intervention improved the cortical-striatum synaptic transmission efficiency.
{"title":"PO-160 Effect of exercise intervention on the synaptic transmission efficiency of cortical-striatum in PD mice","authors":"G-A Zhao, Danyu Zhang, D. Qiao, Xiaoli Liu","doi":"10.14428/EBR.V1I4.11873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14428/EBR.V1I4.11873","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and decreased levels of striatal dopamine. Previous studies have confirmed that striatum dysfunction is an important cause of behavioral dysfunction in PD mice, and changes in cortical-striatum synaptic transmission may play an important role in PD pathology. This experiment will use the patch clamp to explore the effect of exercise intervention on the synaptic transmission efficiency of cortical-striatum in PD mice. \u0000Methods The experimental animals (C57 mice male, 4 weeks) were randomly divided into normal group(N), PD group(PD)and PD exercise group(PD+EX）.PD mice models were established by injection of 6-OHDA in the striatum (4μg/position, AP + 0.5mm ML - 1.8mm DV - 3.0mm and- 2.0mm). Apomorphine(APO) rotation experiments were performed one week later to identify the model. The formal exercise intervention program was 16m/min, 40min/d, 5d/week,4 weeks（after the adaptive training, total of five weeks of treadmill exercise）. At the end of the intervention, brain slices (350μm) were prepared from each group of mice. The maximum striatum fEPSP (field excitatory postsynaptic potential, fEPSP) and striatum fEPSP under increasing stimulation intensity were recorded. \u0000Results 1.The results of APO rotation experiment: PD mice modeled 16/21(205.25±36.46 r higher than the standard). 2.N mice the maximum fEPSP amplitude is 1.9199±0.213mv(n=8)；PD: 1.0129±0.140 mv(n=8); PD+EX: 1.3221±.0865mv(n=8).There are significant differences between groups(P＜0.05). 3. There is a significant decrease in the slope of I-O curve in the PD mice compared with the N mice. And compared with the PD mice, the slope of I-O curve in PD+EX mice was increase(P＜0.05). \u0000Conclusions 1. 6-OHDA induced PD model was successfully established. The striatum function was abnormal in the pathological state of PD, and the exercise intervention enhanced the activity of the striatum. 2. The cortical-striatum synaptic transmission efficiency is reduced in the PD state, and the exercise intervention improved the cortical-striatum synaptic transmission efficiency.","PeriodicalId":12276,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Biochemistry Review","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90917903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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