Objective In this study, the Non-invasive Micro-test Technique was adopted to study the dynamic changes of Ca2+, Na+ , H2O2 flux during the early phase of skeletal muscle regeneration (0–24 h post-injury) after acupuncture intervention, and to explore the role of interaction between TRP channel and NADPH oxidase 2(NOX2) in the acupuncture mechanism. Methods 324 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: blank control group (C), electrical stimulation group (E), electrical stimulation group with acupuncture intervention (EA), electrical stimulation gropu with acupuncture +TRP channel inhibitor (EAT ), electrical stimulation gropu with acupuncture + NOX2 inhibitor (EAN), electrical stimulation gropu with acupuncture + placebo (EAP). Except for group C, the animal model of eccentric induced skeletal muscle injury was established by electrostimulation on gastrocnemius of anaesthetised rats in vivo.Immediately after electrical stimulation, GdCl3, apocynin and PBS buffer were injected by tail vein in EAT, EAN and EAP respectively. After 30 min, gastrocnemius muscle belly were stuck with acupuncture needles (diameter of 0.13 mm) in EA, EAT, EAN and EAP respectively. Shortly afterwards, a special polypropylene ring-shaped perforated vessel wall was sutured to the exposed gastrocnemius muscle, and to measure Ca2+, Na+, H2O2 fluxes by non-invasive micro-test technique in the phase of retaining needle, needle drawing immediately, 3h, 6h and 24h, respectively. The phase and time of detection in the C and E groups were consistented. Results 1 When the gastrocnemius muscle was in a resting state, Ca2+ and Na+ were influx in small amounts, and H2O2 had a small eflux. 2 Effect of eccentric Exercise and acupuncture on the dynamic changes of Ca2+ flux at different phases : ① In the E, a small eflux occurred at 0min, 10min and 3h, and the eflux suddenly increased significantly at 6 h (p<0.05), followed by a small eflux at 24h; ② In the EA, a small eflux occurred during retaining needle and needle drawing immediately, and Surprisingly, a small influx was observed at 3h. After that, the eflux increased suddenly at 6h and 24h, and the eflux peaked at 24h, which was significantly different from the E group at 24h. (p<0.05); ③ The EAT showed a significant influx trend. Specifically, except a small eflux in the retention period and 3h phase, significant influx occurred immediately after the needle pulling、6h and 24h. Compared with C and EA, there was no statistically significant difference in net flux (influx and efflux), but Ca2+ oscillation amplitude (influx and eflux fluctuation amplitude) in EAT was significantly increased (p<0.001, p<0.01, respectively); ④ In EAN, the eflux was dominant. Specifically, there was significant influx in the retention period and immediately after needle pulling, and suddenly significant eflux was observed at 3h and 6h. The 6h phase was significant difference than that of E (p<0.05), afterwards, the eflux was sig
{"title":"OR-018 The study of acupuncture intervention on the dynamic changes of Ca2+, Na+, H2O2 flux at earlier time points of rat skeletal muscle regeneration following eccentric exercise","authors":"Aishan Liu, Xuelin Zhang, Duan Mingliang, Ding Jingjing","doi":"10.14428/EBR.V1I2.9193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14428/EBR.V1I2.9193","url":null,"abstract":"Objective In this study, the Non-invasive Micro-test Technique was adopted to study the dynamic changes of Ca2+, Na+ , H2O2 flux during the early phase of skeletal muscle regeneration (0–24 h post-injury) after acupuncture intervention, and to explore the role of interaction between TRP channel and NADPH oxidase 2(NOX2) in the acupuncture mechanism. \u0000Methods 324 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: blank control group (C), electrical stimulation group (E), electrical stimulation group with acupuncture intervention (EA), electrical stimulation gropu with acupuncture +TRP channel inhibitor (EAT ), electrical stimulation gropu with acupuncture + NOX2 inhibitor (EAN), electrical stimulation gropu with acupuncture + placebo (EAP). Except for group C, the animal model of eccentric induced skeletal muscle injury was established by electrostimulation on gastrocnemius of anaesthetised rats in vivo.Immediately after electrical stimulation, GdCl3, apocynin and PBS buffer were injected by tail vein in EAT, EAN and EAP respectively. After 30 min, gastrocnemius muscle belly were stuck with acupuncture needles (diameter of 0.13 mm) in EA, EAT, EAN and EAP respectively. Shortly afterwards, a special polypropylene ring-shaped perforated vessel wall was sutured to the exposed gastrocnemius muscle, and to measure Ca2+, Na+, H2O2 fluxes by non-invasive micro-test technique in the phase of retaining needle, needle drawing immediately, 3h, 6h and 24h, respectively. The phase and time of detection in the C and E groups were consistented. \u0000Results 1 When the gastrocnemius muscle was in a resting state, Ca2+ and Na+ were influx in small amounts, and H2O2 had a small eflux. \u00002 Effect of eccentric Exercise and acupuncture on the dynamic changes of Ca2+ flux at different phases : ① In the E, a small eflux occurred at 0min, 10min and 3h, and the eflux suddenly increased significantly at 6 h (p<0.05), followed by a small eflux at 24h; ② In the EA, a small eflux occurred during retaining needle and needle drawing immediately, and Surprisingly, a small influx was observed at 3h. After that, the eflux increased suddenly at 6h and 24h, and the eflux peaked at 24h, which was significantly different from the E group at 24h. (p<0.05); ③ The EAT showed a significant influx trend. Specifically, except a small eflux in the retention period and 3h phase, significant influx occurred immediately after the needle pulling、6h and 24h. Compared with C and EA, there was no statistically significant difference in net flux (influx and efflux), but Ca2+ oscillation amplitude (influx and eflux fluctuation amplitude) in EAT was significantly increased (p<0.001, p<0.01, respectively); ④ In EAN, the eflux was dominant. Specifically, there was significant influx in the retention period and immediately after needle pulling, and suddenly significant eflux was observed at 3h and 6h. The 6h phase was significant difference than that of E (p<0.05), afterwards, the eflux was sig","PeriodicalId":12276,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Biochemistry Review","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88468300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective To compare the effectiveness of endurance exercise and resistance exercise in fat reduction, then to examine the impact of exercise on autophagy activity and inflammation response in visceral adipose tissue in obesity, finally to explore the relationship between autophagy and inflammation in adipose tissue after exercise. Methods 42 obese mice were randomly divided into four groups as follows: high fat diet group (HC, n=9), normal diet group (NC, n=9), normal diet combined with endurance exercise intervention group (NE, n=12), and normal diet combined with resistance exercise intervention group (NR, n=12). NE and NR group conducted treadmill and ladder climbing exercise respectively for 8 weeks. Then to detect the gene and protein expression of autophagy, inflammation, ER stress and antioxidant markers using RT-PCR and WB, in addition, TEM and IHC were used to observe the autophagosome in visceral adipose tissue. Results BW, Lee’s index and BFI were significantly decreased in all three intervention groups, and there is a great decreasing in the two exercise group, but no difference between them. Atg5, Becn1 expression and LC3II/I were decreased significantly in NE and NR group compared with HC, meanwhile p62 expression were significantly increased. When compared with NC group, p62 expression were significantly increased in NE and not happened in NR group. Becn1 mRNA expression increased and p62 protein expression decreased significantly in NR group when compared with NE group. IL-1β was decreased significantly in NC, NE and NR group compared with HC. In addition, IL-6 and IL-10 protein expression increased significantly both in NE and NR group. When compared with NC group, IL-6 and IL-10 protein expression increased and IL-1β was decreased significantly both in NE and NR group except IL-6 protein expression in NR group. IL-6 increased and IL-10 decreased significantly in NR group when compared with NE group. Finally we found that IL-10 showed a negative correlation with almost every autophagy markers used in this study. Conclusions The effectiveness of 8wks different exercise intervention had no difference in fat reduction. The autophagic activity of visceral adipose tissue was inhibited after exercise, especially after aerobic exercise. Autophagy and inflammation enjoy the same trend before and after exercise intervention in visceral adipose tissue in obesity, and the IL-10 is the most sensitive factor in reflecting the relationship between autophagy and inflammation.
{"title":"PO-280 Effects of different exercise on autophagy and inflammation in visceral adipose tissue of obese","authors":"Yong-cai Zhao, Jing Wang, Yuxiu He","doi":"10.14428/EBR.V1I5.12893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14428/EBR.V1I5.12893","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To compare the effectiveness of endurance exercise and resistance exercise in fat reduction, then to examine the impact of exercise on autophagy activity and inflammation response in visceral adipose tissue in obesity, finally to explore the relationship between autophagy and inflammation in adipose tissue after exercise. \u0000Methods 42 obese mice were randomly divided into four groups as follows: high fat diet group (HC, n=9), normal diet group (NC, n=9), normal diet combined with endurance exercise intervention group (NE, n=12), and normal diet combined with resistance exercise intervention group (NR, n=12). NE and NR group conducted treadmill and ladder climbing exercise respectively for 8 weeks. Then to detect the gene and protein expression of autophagy, inflammation, ER stress and antioxidant markers using RT-PCR and WB, in addition, TEM and IHC were used to observe the autophagosome in visceral adipose tissue. \u0000Results BW, Lee’s index and BFI were significantly decreased in all three intervention groups, and there is a great decreasing in the two exercise group, but no difference between them. Atg5, Becn1 expression and LC3II/I were decreased significantly in NE and NR group compared with HC, meanwhile p62 expression were significantly increased. When compared with NC group, p62 expression were significantly increased in NE and not happened in NR group. Becn1 mRNA expression increased and p62 protein expression decreased significantly in NR group when compared with NE group. IL-1β was decreased significantly in NC, NE and NR group compared with HC. In addition, IL-6 and IL-10 protein expression increased significantly both in NE and NR group. When compared with NC group, IL-6 and IL-10 protein expression increased and IL-1β was decreased significantly both in NE and NR group except IL-6 protein expression in NR group. IL-6 increased and IL-10 decreased significantly in NR group when compared with NE group. Finally we found that IL-10 showed a negative correlation with almost every autophagy markers used in this study. \u0000Conclusions The effectiveness of 8wks different exercise intervention had no difference in fat reduction. The autophagic activity of visceral adipose tissue was inhibited after exercise, especially after aerobic exercise. Autophagy and inflammation enjoy the same trend before and after exercise intervention in visceral adipose tissue in obesity, and the IL-10 is the most sensitive factor in reflecting the relationship between autophagy and inflammation.","PeriodicalId":12276,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Biochemistry Review","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76671198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective overload and long-term overtraining can cause hypoxic and hypoxic damage to the myocardial structure of the body. In recent years, studies have shown that the stem cells promote angiogenesis in vivo, resistance to apoptosis, myocardial stem cell mobilization, and promote its proliferation in paracrine effect, such as vascular distribution. By animal experiments, this study explore MSCMs role in the improvement of heart function and its molecular mechanism to sports injury prevention and postoperative rehabilitation is of great significance of the heart, heart research provides the basis for the motion at the same time support. Methods Wistar rat model of excessive swimming training. Grouping: rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10), quiet feeding group (Q), general training group (ET), over-training group (OT), and MSCMs transplant-over-training group (MOT). Source and preparation of stem cells: the rat autologous bone marrow was extracted 1 day before surgery, and the bone marrow mononuclear cells were isolated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. Methods of stem cell transplantation: perfusion via coronary artery in MOT group rats; Test indicators and methods: cardiac tissue was taken after the end of 1d training (group Q, ET and OT), MEF2A factor was tested by rcal-time, gata-4 expression was tested by Western blot, and LVEF value was observed by cardiac color doppler ultrasound (before, after 1w, after 2w and after 3w, respectively). Results MEF2A factor, gata-4 expression and LVEF value of the three groups of samples were detected: (1) compared with MEF2A factor in general training group (ET) and quiet group (Q), gata-4 expression was slightly improved, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05). After 3w, the increase of LVEF value presented significant differences (Pwhile 1w and 2w showed no significant differences compared with the quiet group. (2) comparison between the over-training group (OT) and the quiet group (Q) showed significant differences in MEF2A factor, gata-4 expression, and LVEF decreased value (P0.05) between the two groups after 2w and the quiet group (Q). Cardiac tissue was taken after 2w to observe the expression of MEF2A, and gata-4 was compared with the silent group (Q) without significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusions (1) based on the test data of general training group (ET), reasonable and scientific aerobic exercise can effectively enhance the cardiac function and improve the cardiac activity ability. (2) according to the test data of over-training group (OT), overloading and long-term over-training can lead to hypoxia of heart function and decrease of vitality, resulting in hypoxia and ischemia of the motor heart and damage of cardiac function. (3) according to the observation and test data of the MSCMs transplant-over-training group (MOT), MSCMs transplantation can effectively improve the cardiac function of sports injuries, enhance the cardiac vitality, and repair damaged cel
{"title":"PO-301 Study on the effects of bone marrow-derived stem cells were used in chronic hyperactivity rats to cardiac injury treatment","authors":"Lei Xu, Y. Niu","doi":"10.14428/EBR.V1I5.13373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14428/EBR.V1I5.13373","url":null,"abstract":"Objective overload and long-term overtraining can cause hypoxic and hypoxic damage to the myocardial structure of the body. In recent years, studies have shown that the stem cells promote angiogenesis in vivo, resistance to apoptosis, myocardial stem cell mobilization, and promote its proliferation in paracrine effect, such as vascular distribution. By animal experiments, this study explore MSCMs role in the improvement of heart function and its molecular mechanism to sports injury prevention and postoperative rehabilitation is of great significance of the heart, heart research provides the basis for the motion at the same time support. \u0000Methods Wistar rat model of excessive swimming training. Grouping: rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10), quiet feeding group (Q), general training group (ET), over-training group (OT), and MSCMs transplant-over-training group (MOT). Source and preparation of stem cells: the rat autologous bone marrow was extracted 1 day before surgery, and the bone marrow mononuclear cells were isolated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. Methods of stem cell transplantation: perfusion via coronary artery in MOT group rats; Test indicators and methods: cardiac tissue was taken after the end of 1d training (group Q, ET and OT), MEF2A factor was tested by rcal-time, gata-4 expression was tested by Western blot, and LVEF value was observed by cardiac color doppler ultrasound (before, after 1w, after 2w and after 3w, respectively). \u0000Results MEF2A factor, gata-4 expression and LVEF value of the three groups of samples were detected: (1) compared with MEF2A factor in general training group (ET) and quiet group (Q), gata-4 expression was slightly improved, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05). After 3w, the increase of LVEF value presented significant differences (Pwhile 1w and 2w showed no significant differences compared with the quiet group. (2) comparison between the over-training group (OT) and the quiet group (Q) showed significant differences in MEF2A factor, gata-4 expression, and LVEF decreased value (P0.05) between the two groups after 2w and the quiet group (Q). Cardiac tissue was taken after 2w to observe the expression of MEF2A, and gata-4 was compared with the silent group (Q) without significant difference (P>0.05). \u0000Conclusions (1) based on the test data of general training group (ET), reasonable and scientific aerobic exercise can effectively enhance the cardiac function and improve the cardiac activity ability. (2) according to the test data of over-training group (OT), overloading and long-term over-training can lead to hypoxia of heart function and decrease of vitality, resulting in hypoxia and ischemia of the motor heart and damage of cardiac function. (3) according to the observation and test data of the MSCMs transplant-over-training group (MOT), MSCMs transplantation can effectively improve the cardiac function of sports injuries, enhance the cardiac vitality, and repair damaged cel","PeriodicalId":12276,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Biochemistry Review","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76698488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective This review mainly summarize the nutritional supplement characteristics of speed, endurance and strength sports, which can provide theoretical reference for coaches and athletes. Methods Literature Results Carbohydrates, VB1 and VC should be added to the speed program diet.Endurance items can be added to meet energy needs.The power type project should be sufficient protein, and appropriate complement of sodium, potassium and other electrolytes. Conclusions Due to different energy supply methods, sports items have their own characteristics of nutritional supplement. According to the difference of sports, it is beneficial to improve athletes' performance to supplement nutrition.
{"title":"PO-174 Nutritional supplement characteristics of different sports","authors":"Ziyuan Feng","doi":"10.14428/EBR.V1I4.12653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14428/EBR.V1I4.12653","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000Objective This review mainly summarize the nutritional supplement characteristics of speed, endurance and strength sports, which can provide theoretical reference for coaches and athletes. \u0000Methods Literature \u0000Results Carbohydrates, VB1 and VC should be added to the speed program diet.Endurance items can be added to meet energy needs.The power type project should be sufficient protein, and appropriate complement of sodium, potassium and other electrolytes. \u0000Conclusions Due to different energy supply methods, sports items have their own characteristics of nutritional supplement. According to the difference of sports, it is beneficial to improve athletes' performance to supplement nutrition.","PeriodicalId":12276,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Biochemistry Review","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77021528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective Aims From the year 2000, many experimental research data have indicated that skeletal muscle could express, synthesis and secrete multiple cytokines and polypeptides. The cytokines and polypeptides, not only regulate skeletal muscle growth, metabolism and motor function by paracrine/autocrine pathway, but also regulate functions of peripheral tissue and organs by endocrine pathway. Further researches proposed muscle as a secretory organ played a key role in mediating the health-promoting effects of physical activity and proteins expressed and released by skeletal muscle have been termed as myokines. Disorders of skeletal muscle endocrine function have related to the occurrence and development of multiple metabolic diseases, and myokines participate in obesity skeletal muscle remodeling. This study aims to investigate the expression changes of myokines and its effects in exercise mediated improving skeletal muscle remodeling on obesity mice, and explore the underlying mechanism of its functions. Methods Methods Five-week-old male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into a control group of 8 and a high-fat diet（HFD）group of 16. The control group was given normal food，while the HFD group were provided with high-fat diet for eight weeks and further divided into a sedentary HFD group and a treadmill running HFD group，each of 8. The exercise mice underwent 60 min treadmill running at 26 m/min each day，5 days/week for 8 weeks. Biochemical analyses, immune-histochemical, ELISA, RT-PCR and Western Blot methods were used to investigate multiple myokines expression changes and its mechanism. Results Results 1) Exercise significantly upregulated the expression of IL-15 in soleus and gastrocnemius muscle of obesity rats, indicating IL-15 could inhibit skeletal muscle endoplasmic reticulum stress and improve insulin sensitivity. 2) Exercise significantly inhibited the expression of myostatin (MSTN) in gastrocnemius muscle and mediated the changes of muscle fiber types. 3) Exercise markedly promoted the expression of apelin/APJ and angiogenesis function in obesity skeletal muscle. 4) Exercise upregulated skeletal muscle vascular endothelial growth factor B receptor expression and improved skeletal muscle ectopic lipid accumulation. Conclusions Conclusion Exercise regulates skeletal muscle myokines expression and secretion and have the effects on skeletal muscle fiber type changes, myofiber capillary density, glucose and lipid metabolism, thus improves the skeletal muscle remodeling and maintain body homeostasis.
{"title":"OR-048 Effects and Mechanism of myokines in exercise mediated improving obesity rats skeletal muscle remodeling","authors":"L. Zhang, Hongtao Yang, Jin Ma, Linjie Li","doi":"10.14428/EBR.V1I2.9763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14428/EBR.V1I2.9763","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Aims From the year 2000, many experimental research data have indicated that skeletal muscle could express, synthesis and secrete multiple cytokines and polypeptides. The cytokines and polypeptides, not only regulate skeletal muscle growth, metabolism and motor function by paracrine/autocrine pathway, but also regulate functions of peripheral tissue and organs by endocrine pathway. Further researches proposed muscle as a secretory organ played a key role in mediating the health-promoting effects of physical activity and proteins expressed and released by skeletal muscle have been termed as myokines. Disorders of skeletal muscle endocrine function have related to the occurrence and development of multiple metabolic diseases, and myokines participate in obesity skeletal muscle remodeling. This study aims to investigate the expression changes of myokines and its effects in exercise mediated improving skeletal muscle remodeling on obesity mice, and explore the underlying mechanism of its functions. \u0000Methods Methods Five-week-old male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into a control group of 8 and a high-fat diet（HFD）group of 16. The control group was given normal food，while the HFD group were provided with high-fat diet for eight weeks and further divided into a sedentary HFD group and a treadmill running HFD group，each of 8. The exercise mice underwent 60 min treadmill running at 26 m/min each day，5 days/week for 8 weeks. Biochemical analyses, immune-histochemical, ELISA, RT-PCR and Western Blot methods were used to investigate multiple myokines expression changes and its mechanism. \u0000Results Results 1) Exercise significantly upregulated the expression of IL-15 in soleus and gastrocnemius muscle of obesity rats, indicating IL-15 could inhibit skeletal muscle endoplasmic reticulum stress and improve insulin sensitivity. 2) Exercise significantly inhibited the expression of myostatin (MSTN) in gastrocnemius muscle and mediated the changes of muscle fiber types. 3) Exercise markedly promoted the expression of apelin/APJ and angiogenesis function in obesity skeletal muscle. 4) Exercise upregulated skeletal muscle vascular endothelial growth factor B receptor expression and improved skeletal muscle ectopic lipid accumulation. \u0000Conclusions Conclusion Exercise regulates skeletal muscle myokines expression and secretion and have the effects on skeletal muscle fiber type changes, myofiber capillary density, glucose and lipid metabolism, thus improves the skeletal muscle remodeling and maintain body homeostasis.","PeriodicalId":12276,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Biochemistry Review","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75020421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective In recent years, a large number of experimental studies have shown that the proliferation and migration of VSMC are the pathological basis of various vascular diseases, including AS, hypertension, and restenosis after angioplasty. It’s rather remarkable that Phenotypic Modulation of VSMC plays an important role in their proliferation and migration. Myocardin is a key transcription factor for the differentiation of VSMC by far, which can effectively activate the differentiation process of SMC. Many studies have shown that endurance training is an effective way to improve glucose and lipid metabolism. This study attempted to explore the effects of long-term external stress (endurance training) on arterial smooth muscle phenotype modulation and myocardin through secondary vascular disease, in order to provide theoretical support and practical basis for sports therapy in T2DM secondary diseases. Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into the general feed group (pC) and the high-sugar and high-fat feed group (pD). After 7 weeks, rats in pD were injected a small doses of streptozotocin through abdominal cavity. Those Non-fasting Blood Glucose (NFBG) ≥16.7mmol/L after 72h and with insulin resistance were diagnosed as diabetes. Thereafter, the pC group was randomly divided into a blank control group (C), an endurance training group (E), a diabetes model group (D), and a diabetic+endurance training group (DE). No load platform training was conducted in E&DE group, 5 days per week for 8 weeks. 8 weeks after, BP was measured through left common carotid artery intubation, blood sugar was test by enzyme chemical assay, α-SM-actin, SM-MHC , SM22α,Myocardin and KLF4 were measured through ELISA. Results 1. Compared with C, MCP (carotid blood pressure) of D increased significantly, FBG and FINS decreased significantly, expression of α-SM-actin, SM-MHC, SM22α and Myocardin Significantly dropped, KLF4 rose significantly. Compared with D, the expression of FBG in E was significantly down-regulated, FINS was significantly up-regulated, and the expression of α-SM-actin, SM22α and Myocardin was significantly up-regulated. Conclusions 8 weeks of endurance training significantly increased the expression level of contractile protein in the aorta smooth muscle of diabetic rats, making the smooth muscle phenotype changed from synthetic to contractile type, which effectively inhibited the excessive proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells.Myocardin is one of the hot spots in the study of vascular differentiation in recent years. This study shows that the role of endurance training in improving plaque formation and lowering blood pressure may be produced by regulating myocardin.
{"title":"PO-235 Endurance training increased the expression of myocardin in thoracic aorta of T2DM rats","authors":"Derun Gao","doi":"10.14428/ebr.v1i5.10643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14428/ebr.v1i5.10643","url":null,"abstract":"Objective In recent years, a large number of experimental studies have shown that the proliferation and migration of VSMC are the pathological basis of various vascular diseases, including AS, hypertension, and restenosis after angioplasty. It’s rather remarkable that Phenotypic Modulation of VSMC plays an important role in their proliferation and migration. Myocardin is a key transcription factor for the differentiation of VSMC by far, which can effectively activate the differentiation process of SMC. Many studies have shown that endurance training is an effective way to improve glucose and lipid metabolism. This study attempted to explore the effects of long-term external stress (endurance training) on arterial smooth muscle phenotype modulation and myocardin through secondary vascular disease, in order to provide theoretical support and practical basis for sports therapy in T2DM secondary diseases. \u0000Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into the general feed group (pC) and the high-sugar and high-fat feed group (pD). After 7 weeks, rats in pD were injected a small doses of streptozotocin through abdominal cavity. Those Non-fasting Blood Glucose (NFBG) ≥16.7mmol/L after 72h and with insulin resistance were diagnosed as diabetes. Thereafter, the pC group was randomly divided into a blank control group (C), an endurance training group (E), a diabetes model group (D), and a diabetic+endurance training group (DE). No load platform training was conducted in E&DE group, 5 days per week for 8 weeks. 8 weeks after, BP was measured through left common carotid artery intubation, blood sugar was test by enzyme chemical assay, α-SM-actin, SM-MHC , SM22α,Myocardin and KLF4 were measured through ELISA. \u0000Results 1. Compared with C, MCP (carotid blood pressure) of D increased significantly, FBG and FINS decreased significantly, expression of α-SM-actin, SM-MHC, SM22α and Myocardin Significantly dropped, KLF4 rose significantly. Compared with D, the expression of FBG in E was significantly down-regulated, FINS was significantly up-regulated, and the expression of α-SM-actin, SM22α and Myocardin was significantly up-regulated. \u0000Conclusions 8 weeks of endurance training significantly increased the expression level of contractile protein in the aorta smooth muscle of diabetic rats, making the smooth muscle phenotype changed from synthetic to contractile type, which effectively inhibited the excessive proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells.Myocardin is one of the hot spots in the study of vascular differentiation in recent years. This study shows that the role of endurance training in improving plaque formation and lowering blood pressure may be produced by regulating myocardin.","PeriodicalId":12276,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Biochemistry Review","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75160302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective To observe the temporal variation of Beclin1 and Bnip3 protein in skeletal muscle aging degeneration by constructing the aged rat model, and to observe the effect of HIIT intervention on the changes of Beclin1 and Bnip3 protein and the relationship between the two. It provides a theoretical basis for the effect of exercise on the aging degeneration of skeletal muscle by affecting the level of mitochondrial autophagy. Methods 40 male Wistar rats aged 8 months were randomly divided into quiet control group (C) and HIIT intervention group (H). After the rats entered the animal room for one week of adaptive feeding and exercise, the rats in the C group did not exercise, and the H group exercise alternately based on the maximum oxygen uptake test results of the rats with the 70%-90%-50%VO2max intensity. Once every two weeks, the maximal oxygen uptake of the rats in group H and group C was tested. Group H underwent 50min/ days, 5 days / weeks, and lasted for 16 weeks. The rats in the two groups were randomly selected after the first VO2 test and eighth and sixteenth weeks after intervention. After anesthesia, blood was collected from the abdominal aorta and soleus tissue was obtained. The ROS activity in soleus muscle was tested by fluorescence enzyme labeling method. Isolation of mitochondria from soleus muscle using tissue mitochondria Isolation Kit, and the expression of Beclin1 and Bnip3 in the mitochondria of the soleus muscle was tested by Western blot. The Image Lab 4 software was used to collect the data of the protein test strip, and the SPSS 17 software was used to analyze the data. The results of the data analysis were presented in the form of mean standard deviation. In the process of protein strip analysis, the relative value of the protein content of each sample was obtained by the gray scale analysis method. The results of the first sampling were taken as the baseline value, and the ratio of the H group in the C group of 8 weeks and 16 weeks was obtained with the baseline value, that is, the relative value of the protein content. Then, repeated measurement of variance analysis was used to analyze the differences of different indicators at baseline level, 8 weeks and 12 weeks between group C and group H. The independent sample T test was used without interaction effect, and multivariate analysis of variance was used. A significant level of alpha =0.05 is set. Results (1) the content of ROS in skeletal muscle of rats was related to the process of natural aging (F=119.314, P < 0.001), and the level of ROS would rise with the process of natural collars (F=28.884, P=0.001; F=127.607, P < 0.001) through the comparison of the time points in the group C and the H group. At the same time, the level of ROS in group H was lower than that in group C, but there was no significant difference (P=0.310). And the interaction effect of time and exercise mode (HIIT) will not affect the result (F=0.814, P=0.477). But the growth rate of ROS in gr
目的通过构建衰老大鼠模型，观察骨骼肌衰老变性过程中Beclin1和Bnip3蛋白的时间变化，并观察HIIT干预对Beclin1和Bnip3蛋白变化的影响及两者之间的关系。为运动通过影响线粒体自噬水平对骨骼肌老化变性的影响提供了理论依据。方法将40只8月龄雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为安静对照组(C)和HIIT干预组(H)，进入动物室进行适应性喂养和运动1周后，C组大鼠不运动，H组根据70%-90%-50%VO2max强度大鼠最大摄氧量测试结果交替运动。H组和C组大鼠每两周测一次最大摄氧量。H组分别为50min/ d、5 d /周，持续16周。两组大鼠分别于干预后第1周VO2测试和第8、16周随机抽取。麻醉后取腹主动脉血，取比目鱼组织。荧光酶标记法检测比目鱼肌ROS活性。采用组织线粒体分离试剂盒分离比目鱼肌线粒体，Western blot检测Beclin1和Bnip3在比目鱼肌线粒体中的表达。采用Image Lab 4软件采集蛋白质试纸条数据，采用SPSS 17软件对数据进行分析。数据分析结果以平均标准差的形式表示。在蛋白条分析过程中，通过灰度分析法获得各样品蛋白质含量的相对值。以第一次取样的结果作为基线值，得到H组在C组8周和16周时与基线值的比值，即蛋白质含量的相对值。然后，采用重复计量方差分析分析C组与h组在基线水平、8周、12周时不同指标的差异。采用独立样本T检验，不存在交互效应，采用多变量方差分析。设置显著水平α =0.05。结果(1)大鼠骨骼肌中ROS含量与自然衰老过程有关(F=119.314, P < 0.001)， ROS水平随自然衰老过程升高(F=28.884, P=0.001;F=127.607, P < 0.001)，通过比较C组与H组的时间点。同时，H组ROS水平低于C组，但差异无统计学意义(P=0.310)。时间与运动方式(HIIT)的交互作用不影响结果(F=0.814, P=0.477)。但H组ROS的生长速度低于C组。⑵运动、时间变化及其相互作用对大鼠骨骼肌线粒体Beclin1含量无显著影响(P > 0.05)。⑶8周时H组与C组线粒体Bnip3含量差异显著(F=14.500, P=0.001)， H组显著高于C组，但16周时骨骼肌线粒体Bnip3含量差异不显著(F=0.090, P=0.767)，骨骼肌线粒体Bnip3含量随年龄变化(F=20.852, 0.001)。H的变化趋势先增大后减小。大鼠线粒体Bnip3含量水平与组间因子(时间点变化)及时间与HIIT运动的相互作用呈线性关系(F=6.950, P=0.005)。随着年龄的增长，(1)大鼠骨骼肌中ROS含量明显增加，而长期HIIT训练可以延缓其增加，但最佳运动时间未知。(2)大鼠骨骼肌线粒体Beclin1含量无明显变化，HIIT训练对其无明显影响。然而，线粒体Beclin1含量相对于骨骼肌总Beclin1含量的变化需要进一步研究;(3)大鼠骨骼肌线粒体Bnip3含量增加，长期HIIT训练具有延迟效应。
{"title":"PO-084 Research of HIIT Detraining on Mitochondria of Soleus Muscle Beclin1 and Bnip3 Contents in Aging Rats","authors":"Tianhao Wen, Hao Su, Zhongye Jiang, J. Shao","doi":"10.14428/EBR.V1I3.11453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14428/EBR.V1I3.11453","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To observe the temporal variation of Beclin1 and Bnip3 protein in skeletal muscle aging degeneration by constructing the aged rat model, and to observe the effect of HIIT intervention on the changes of Beclin1 and Bnip3 protein and the relationship between the two. It provides a theoretical basis for the effect of exercise on the aging degeneration of skeletal muscle by affecting the level of mitochondrial autophagy. \u0000Methods 40 male Wistar rats aged 8 months were randomly divided into quiet control group (C) and HIIT intervention group (H). After the rats entered the animal room for one week of adaptive feeding and exercise, the rats in the C group did not exercise, and the H group exercise alternately based on the maximum oxygen uptake test results of the rats with the 70%-90%-50%VO2max intensity. Once every two weeks, the maximal oxygen uptake of the rats in group H and group C was tested. Group H underwent 50min/ days, 5 days / weeks, and lasted for 16 weeks. The rats in the two groups were randomly selected after the first VO2 test and eighth and sixteenth weeks after intervention. After anesthesia, blood was collected from the abdominal aorta and soleus tissue was obtained. The ROS activity in soleus muscle was tested by fluorescence enzyme labeling method. Isolation of mitochondria from soleus muscle using tissue mitochondria Isolation Kit, and the expression of Beclin1 and Bnip3 in the mitochondria of the soleus muscle was tested by Western blot. The Image Lab 4 software was used to collect the data of the protein test strip, and the SPSS 17 software was used to analyze the data. The results of the data analysis were presented in the form of mean standard deviation. In the process of protein strip analysis, the relative value of the protein content of each sample was obtained by the gray scale analysis method. The results of the first sampling were taken as the baseline value, and the ratio of the H group in the C group of 8 weeks and 16 weeks was obtained with the baseline value, that is, the relative value of the protein content. Then, repeated measurement of variance analysis was used to analyze the differences of different indicators at baseline level, 8 weeks and 12 weeks between group C and group H. The independent sample T test was used without interaction effect, and multivariate analysis of variance was used. A significant level of alpha =0.05 is set. \u0000Results (1) the content of ROS in skeletal muscle of rats was related to the process of natural aging (F=119.314, P < 0.001), and the level of ROS would rise with the process of natural collars (F=28.884, P=0.001; F=127.607, P < 0.001) through the comparison of the time points in the group C and the H group. At the same time, the level of ROS in group H was lower than that in group C, but there was no significant difference (P=0.310). And the interaction effect of time and exercise mode (HIIT) will not affect the result (F=0.814, P=0.477). But the growth rate of ROS in gr","PeriodicalId":12276,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Biochemistry Review","volume":"4 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78473024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective To study the effect of intermittent negative pressure treatment on the functional state of elite rowers ,and providing theoretical basis for the application of this method in sports science. Methods The 15 elite male athletes selected from the national rowing training team were divided into experimental group and control group. The daily training plans of the two groups were the same. The members of experimental group were treated for 20 minutes by the Vacusport Regeneration System from German, five times one week, for a total of 4-weeks. The control group did not use any intervention. Before and after 4 weeks, venous blood from 15 male athletes was used to test athletes 'red blood cells(RBC), hemoglobin(HGB), hematocrit (HCT), creatine kinase(CK), blood urea nitrogen(BU), testosterone(T), cortisol(C) et, Observing the changes about data from two tests. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the control group before and after the intervention. The results of the intra-group comparison were as follows:(1) The RBC, HGB, and HCT of the experimental group decreased by 2.90 %, 3.80 %, and 1.08 % respectively. The RBC, HGB, and HCT of the control group decreased by 6.55 %, 7.02%, 4.03% respectively, and the decline of RBC and HGB showed statistically significant changes(p<0.05).（2）The CK and BU values of the experimental group increased by 1.26 % and 27.08 % respectively, and the increase of BU had statistically significant changes(p<0.05). The CK and BU values of the control group increased by 33.10 % and 9.54 % respectively. (3) The values of T, C and T / C in experimental group decreased by 11.85 %, 7.6 % and 4.31 % respectively. The values of T, C and T / C in the control group decreased by 16.38 %, 4.03 % and 19.39 % respectively, and the decrease of T values was statistically significant(p<0.05). Conclusions The intermittent negative pressure therapy can promote the athletes' metabolism, relieve the degree of the decline of functional state, and prevent the occurrence of fatigue.
{"title":"PO-097 The effect of 4 weeks intermittent negative pressure treatment on the functional state of excellent rowers","authors":"H. Dong, B. Gao","doi":"10.14428/EBR.V1I3.11713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14428/EBR.V1I3.11713","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To study the effect of intermittent negative pressure treatment on the functional state of elite rowers ,and providing theoretical basis for the application of this method in sports science. \u0000Methods The 15 elite male athletes selected from the national rowing training team were divided into experimental group and control group. The daily training plans of the two groups were the same. The members of experimental group were treated for 20 minutes by the Vacusport Regeneration System from German, five times one week, for a total of 4-weeks. The control group did not use any intervention. Before and after 4 weeks, venous blood from 15 male athletes was used to test athletes 'red blood cells(RBC), hemoglobin(HGB), hematocrit (HCT), creatine kinase(CK), blood urea nitrogen(BU), testosterone(T), cortisol(C) et, Observing the changes about data from two tests. \u0000Results There was no statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the control group before and after the intervention. The results of the intra-group comparison were as follows:(1) The RBC, HGB, and HCT of the experimental group decreased by 2.90 %, 3.80 %, and 1.08 % respectively. The RBC, HGB, and HCT of the control group decreased by 6.55 %, 7.02%, 4.03% respectively, and the decline of RBC and HGB showed statistically significant changes(p<0.05).（2）The CK and BU values of the experimental group increased by 1.26 % and 27.08 % respectively, and the increase of BU had statistically significant changes(p<0.05). The CK and BU values of the control group increased by 33.10 % and 9.54 % respectively. (3) The values of T, C and T / C in experimental group decreased by 11.85 %, 7.6 % and 4.31 % respectively. The values of T, C and T / C in the control group decreased by 16.38 %, 4.03 % and 19.39 % respectively, and the decrease of T values was statistically significant(p<0.05). \u0000Conclusions The intermittent negative pressure therapy can promote the athletes' metabolism, relieve the degree of the decline of functional state, and prevent the occurrence of fatigue.","PeriodicalId":12276,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Biochemistry Review","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73388333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective To observe the effect of three training ways, aerobic training, resistance training and aerobic combined with resistance training on cross-section and p-Akt/MuRF1 proteins expressions in rats’ soleus under simulated acute microgravity, the purpose of this study was to explore its roles in preconditioning exercise and the appropriate training methods to prevent the muscle atrophy in acute microgravity. Methods 32 male SD rats (aged 6 wk) were randomly distributed into four groups: control group (CON, n=8), aerobic training group (AER, n=8), resistance training group (RES, n=8) and aerobic combined resistance training group (ACR, n=8). The training groups were trained once every other day, while CON was not trained. Rats in AER trained on an animal treadmill with the 0° at the speed of 35 m/min for 45 minutes. The rats in AER were trained by running resistance method, loaded with 50% of its weight in the tail of the rat, each training section included 4-repetition of 15-second 35° climbing on treadmill at the speed of 15 m/min, with the interval of 30 seconds between repetitions，and 3 minutes between sections, each circle comprised 3 sections, and 2 circles at a time. The rats of ACR were requested to carry out an aerobic training(25min) and a resistance training(1 circles) in training day. After 6 wk training, all rats were under the simulated acute microgravity (hindlimb suspension), the 6th-day soleus muscles were excised and muscle cells cross-section area(CSA) were observed, and p-Akt/MuRF1 proteins expressions were analyzed by Western blot. Results 1) After 5 days of acute microgravity stimulation, the CSA of soleus muscles of rats in the three training groups were larger than those in CON, and RES and ACR have statistical significance (P<0.05, P<0.01). In three training models, ACR was significantly greater than the aerobic training group and resistance training group (P<0.05), and RES was significantly greater than AER (P<0.05). 2) Compared with CON, the p-Akt protein expression in the soleus muscle of rats in AER was significantly decreased (P<0.01), while it was increased in both RES and ACR, and in ACR increased significantly (P<0.01). Among the three training methods, the p-Akt proteins expressions in the soleus muscle of rats in ACR was significantly higher than AER (P<0.01)and RES (P<0.05). 3) Compared with CON, the MuRF1 proteins expressions in soleus muscle of rats in ACR are not significantly change (P>0.05), while AER and RES increased significantly (P<0.01, P<0.05). At the same time, the MuRF1 proteins expressions in soleus muscle of rats in AER and RES is significantly higher than ACR (P<0.01), and AER is significantly higher than that RES (P<0.01). Conclusions Three training models have certain effects on preventing muscle atrophy in the acute microgravity environment, and the effect of aerobic combined resistance training is the best, which may relate to up-regulating the p-Akt proteins expressions in skeletal
{"title":"OR-015 The changes of p-Akt/MuRF1 proteins expressions in rats’ soleus muscle following three preconditioning exercise under simulated acute microgravity","authors":"Xiquan Weng, Wentao Lin, Zhao Liu, Yan Meng","doi":"10.14428/EBR.V1I2.9153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14428/EBR.V1I2.9153","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To observe the effect of three training ways, aerobic training, resistance training and aerobic combined with resistance training on cross-section and p-Akt/MuRF1 proteins expressions in rats’ soleus under simulated acute microgravity, the purpose of this study was to explore its roles in preconditioning exercise and the appropriate training methods to prevent the muscle atrophy in acute microgravity. \u0000Methods 32 male SD rats (aged 6 wk) were randomly distributed into four groups: control group (CON, n=8), aerobic training group (AER, n=8), resistance training group (RES, n=8) and aerobic combined resistance training group (ACR, n=8). The training groups were trained once every other day, while CON was not trained. Rats in AER trained on an animal treadmill with the 0° at the speed of 35 m/min for 45 minutes. The rats in AER were trained by running resistance method, loaded with 50% of its weight in the tail of the rat, each training section included 4-repetition of 15-second 35° climbing on treadmill at the speed of 15 m/min, with the interval of 30 seconds between repetitions，and 3 minutes between sections, each circle comprised 3 sections, and 2 circles at a time. The rats of ACR were requested to carry out an aerobic training(25min) and a resistance training(1 circles) in training day. After 6 wk training, all rats were under the simulated acute microgravity (hindlimb suspension), the 6th-day soleus muscles were excised and muscle cells cross-section area(CSA) were observed, and p-Akt/MuRF1 proteins expressions were analyzed by Western blot. \u0000Results 1) After 5 days of acute microgravity stimulation, the CSA of soleus muscles of rats in the three training groups were larger than those in CON, and RES and ACR have statistical significance (P<0.05, P<0.01). In three training models, ACR was significantly greater than the aerobic training group and resistance training group (P<0.05), and RES was significantly greater than AER (P<0.05). \u00002) Compared with CON, the p-Akt protein expression in the soleus muscle of rats in AER was significantly decreased (P<0.01), while it was increased in both RES and ACR, and in ACR increased significantly (P<0.01). Among the three training methods, the p-Akt proteins expressions in the soleus muscle of rats in ACR was significantly higher than AER (P<0.01)and RES (P<0.05). \u00003) Compared with CON, the MuRF1 proteins expressions in soleus muscle of rats in ACR are not significantly change (P>0.05), while AER and RES increased significantly (P<0.01, P<0.05). At the same time, the MuRF1 proteins expressions in soleus muscle of rats in AER and RES is significantly higher than ACR (P<0.01), and AER is significantly higher than that RES (P<0.01). \u0000Conclusions Three training models have certain effects on preventing muscle atrophy in the acute microgravity environment, and the effect of aerobic combined resistance training is the best, which may relate to up-regulating the p-Akt proteins expressions in skeletal","PeriodicalId":12276,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Biochemistry Review","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79243178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wan Zamani Wan Zakaria, N. A. M. Radzi, Hosni Hasan
Objective It is objectified in this study to determine the relationship between the gross motor skill proficiency and the health-related physical fitness (HRPF) of musculoskeletal fitness, and body mass index (BMI) among children with Down syndrome (DS). Methods Thirty-two children (16 boys and 16 girls) with DS aged 9 to 12 years old are identified in an institution of DS in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A-priori calculation for sample size determination has been conducted from previous studies (Teng, 2012; Hasan, Abdullah and Suun, 2012) and G*Power software (version 3.1, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany). The sample size to be used in this study is 32 children with DS from the above institution. In this sampling method, only the underweight and normal weight children with DS will be selected into the study according to the measurement tool of the body mass index-age-percentile and those who are psychologically and behaviorally fit to involve in the study will be the priority. Also, the children with DS whom afflicted with chronic disease (such congenital heart disease), physical disabilities (such as visual impairment, mobility impairment e.g pes planovalgus), and musculoskeletal injury are excluded from the study due its possible affect to the course of study. A screening test will be conducted to identify the participant fit-study criteria into the conduction of the program. The screening tests and preliminary assessment include: Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) for children adopted from the Department of Physical Education and Sport Science’s Research Ethic Unit, University of Limerick (University of Limerick, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science’s Research Ethic Unit (n.d.). Medical screening of registered health documentation of Early Intervention Program (EIP) by Malaysia Ministry of Health with the affiliated institution. Body height and weight measurement for the evaluation of BMI. The selected participants will undergo a familiarisation process of which they will be guided their study conduction test via the skill demonstration and the verbal description. The familiarisation guidance will follow according to the guidelines of a complete motor proficiency assessment particularly the relatable physical training (Ulrich, 2000). The method of data collection is mechanical observation. The chosen participants of study will undergo the gross motor assessment of the Bruinink-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Short Form, 2nd Edition (BOT2 SF)(Bruininks, & Bruininks, 2005), and two HRPF tests of standing broad jump test (SBJ) (parameter of musculoskeletal), and BMI. The study instrument of BOT2 SF is assessing the gross motor composite of manual coordination, body coordination, and strength and agility. In the assessment of motor proficiency of BOT2, the manual coordination composite assesses the control and coordination of the arms and hands, especially for object manipulation. It has
目的探讨唐氏综合征(DS)儿童大运动技能熟练程度与健康相关体质(HRPF)、肌肉骨骼健康和体重指数(BMI)的关系。方法对马来西亚吉隆坡一家儿童退行性痴呆医院收治的32例9 ~ 12岁退行性痴呆患儿(男16例，女16例)进行分析。先前的研究对样本大小的确定进行了先验计算(Teng, 2012;Hasan, Abdullah和Suun, 2012)和G*Power软件(3.1版，Heinrich-Heine-Universität dseldorf，德国)。本研究的样本量为32名来自上述机构的残疾儿童。在这种抽样方法中，根据身体质量指数-年龄百分位数的测量工具，只选择体重不足和体重正常的DS儿童进入研究，心理和行为上适合参与研究的儿童将被优先考虑。此外，患有慢性疾病(如先天性心脏病)，身体残疾(如视力障碍，平外翻等活动障碍)和肌肉骨骼损伤的DS患儿因其可能影响研究过程而被排除在研究之外。将进行筛选测试，以确定参与者适合该计划的研究标准。筛选测试和初步评估包括:对从利默里克大学体育与运动科学系研究伦理单位(利默里克大学，体育与运动科学系研究伦理单位)收养的儿童进行体育活动准备问卷(PAR-Q)。马来西亚卫生部及其附属机构对早期干预方案(EIP)注册健康文件进行医学筛查。测量身体身高和体重来评价BMI。被选中的参与者将经历一个熟悉的过程，他们将通过技能演示和口头描述来指导他们的学习传导测试。熟悉指导将遵循一个完整的运动能力评估的指导方针，特别是相关的体能训练(Ulrich, 2000)。数据采集方法为机械观测。被选中的研究对象将接受Bruinink-Oseretsky运动能力测试简表第二版(bot2sf)(bruinink， & Bruininks, 2005)的大动作评估，以及两项HRPF测试，即立定跳远测试(SBJ)(肌肉骨骼参数)和BMI。BOT2 SF的研究工具是评估手协调、身体协调、力量和敏捷性的大运动组合。在评估BOT2的运动熟练度时，手动协调组合评估手臂和手的控制和协调，特别是对物体的操作。它有两个子测试:手工灵巧子测试和上肢协调子测试。它。身体协调综合评估控制和协调的大肌肉组织，帮助姿势和平衡。该运动复合测试由双侧协调子测试和平衡子测试组成。力量和敏捷性综合衡量的是参与运动的大肌肉组织的控制和协调。该电机复合材料有强度子测试和运行速度和敏捷性子测试。大动作技能熟练程度评估。在身体协调性的综合测试中，要求参与者在一条线上向前走，并在平衡木上进行单腿站立测试，眼睛睁大，进行亚测试平衡。在身体协调的双侧协调子测试中，参与者需要代替同侧同步跳和同侧同步拍脚和手指的测试。在手协调综合上肢协调子测试中，参与者将进行双手投球和接球测试和交替手运球测试。而在力量和敏捷的组合中，参与者将做单腿静止跳跃，膝盖俯卧撑和仰卧起坐。立定跳远要求参赛者做一个水平跳远。立定跳远的水平距离任务表现为:当一个人的双脚同时向前跳跃至少5.08cm时，即为跳跃成功(Palisano et al.， 2000;Chow et al.， 2014)，记录最长水平距离。参与者的身高将以厘米为单位测量，使用便携式体尺(Seca 206，壁挂式卷尺;Seca Corporation称重和测量系统，德国汉堡)。参赛者必须脱下鞋子，笔直地站向测量仪。读数的高度将被记录到最接近的0。
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