M. M. dos Santos, Letícia Alves Carvalho Reis, E. Ferreira, Michael Willian Rocha de Souza, Janaína Baldez Gomes, I. M. da Silva, J. Serrão, M. A. Soares, J. C. Zanuncio
Abstract Information on the occurrence and damage by Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae) plants is scarce. Saissetia oleae is a sucking insect and its feeding on the phloem affects the photosynthetic apparatus of cells. The objective of this research was to evaluate the occurrence and to determine the effect of S. oleae on the physiological characteristics of O. europaea cultivars. The experiment was carried out in the field in Diamantina, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in a randomized block design in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme (plants of the cultivars ‘Arbequina,’ ‘Ascolano,’ ‘Grappolo,’ and ‘Koroneiki’ attacked or not). The total number and population density of S. oleae on the abaxial and adaxial sides of the O. europaea leaves were evaluated by direct counting in summer, autumn, and winter. The emission of chlorophyll was evaluated by measuring the fluorescence parameters on leaves per treatment and season. The total number of S. oleae was higher on the cultivar Grappolo than on the Ascolano and Arbequina. Grappolo, Koroneiki, and Ascolano showed a population decline of this insect in winter. The initial chlorophyll “a” fluorescence was higher in O. europaea damaged by S. oleae. The maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II/maximum fluorescence ratio of chlorophyll “a” was equal to or greater than 0.75 for all O. europaea cultivars not attacked by S. oleae in the summer, autumn, and winter. The electron transport rate was lower in plants attacked, except for those of the Grappolo in the winter. The increase of initial fluorescence, reduction of maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II/maximum fluorescence, and electron transport rate in some cultivars of O. europaea attacked by S. oleae indicate damages to the photosynthetic apparatus, resulting in a possible decrease in growth and yield of the plants. Resumo Informações sobre a ocorrência e danos de Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) em plantas de Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae) são escassas. Saissetia oleae é um inseto sugador e, ao se alimentar do conteúdo do floema, afeta o aparelho fotossintético das células. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a ocorrência e determinar o efeito de S. oleae nas características fisiológicas de cultivares de O. europaea. O experimento foi conduzido em campo em Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil, em delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 × 4 (plantas atacadas ou não das cultivares ‘Arbequina,’ ‘Ascolano,’ ‘Grappolo,’ e ‘Koroneiki’). O número total e a densidade populacional de S. oleae em O. europaea nas faces abaxial e adaxial das folhas foram avaliados no verão, outono e inverno. A emissão de clorofila foi obtida baseada nos parâmetros de fluorescência nas folhas por tratamento e estação. O número total de indivíduos de S. oleae foi maior na cultivar Grappolo que nas Ascolano e Arbequina e a população desse inseto diminuiu nas Grappolo, Koroneiki, e Ascolano no inve
摘要关于油橄榄(Olea europaea L.)植物遭油橄榄(oleea europaea L.)侵染及危害的资料很少。油叶菊是一种吸吮昆虫，它以韧皮部为食，影响细胞的光合器官。本研究的目的是评价油橄榄的发生情况，并确定油橄榄对油橄榄品种生理特性的影响。试验在巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州迪亚曼蒂纳(Diamantina)的田间进行，采用随机区组设计，采用2 × 4因子方案(Arbequina、Ascolano、Grappolo和Koroneiki品种的植株是否受到攻击)。在夏季、秋季和冬季，采用直接计数法测定了木犀草叶片背面和正面的总数量和种群密度。通过测定各处理和季节叶片的荧光参数来评价叶绿素的发射。叶蛾在葡萄品种上的总数量高于阿斯科拉诺和阿贝奎纳。Grappolo、Koroneiki和Ascolano在冬季呈下降趋势。被油叶镰刀菌破坏的欧叶镰刀菌的初始叶绿素“a”荧光较高。夏、秋、冬3个季节，未受油橄榄侵染的欧木品种光系统II最大光化学量子产率/叶绿素“a”最大荧光比值均大于等于0.75。除冬季Grappolo植株外，其他植株的电子传递率均较低。受到油橄榄侵染的部分木犀草品种的初始荧光增加，光系统II最大光化学量子产率/最大荧光量子产率降低，电子传递速率降低，说明光合器官受到损害，可能导致植株生长和产量下降。resume Informações sobre a ocorrência e danos de Saissetia oleae (Olivier)(半翅目:瓢虫科)em plantas de Olea europaea L.(油橄榄科)s o escassas。小叶仙子(saissertia oleae)在糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣上的糖衣。摘要目的:研究大豆品种的遗传变异规律ocorrência，测定大豆品种的遗传变异规律características fisiológicas。巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州Diamantina地区的植物实验，巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州，巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州，巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州，巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州，巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州，巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州，巴西米纳斯州，巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州，巴西米纳斯州，巴西米纳斯州，巴西米纳斯州，巴西米纳斯州，巴西米纳斯州，巴西米纳斯州，巴西米纳斯州，巴西米纳斯州，巴西米纳斯州，巴西米纳斯州，巴西米纳斯州，巴西米纳斯州。O e号总densidade populacional de s oleae em O e欧洲nas面临远轴的近轴的das folha有孔虫avaliados没有verao outono e inverno。一份关于地铁系统(地铁系统)与地铁系统(地铁系统)(地铁系统)之间关系的报告。O número total de indivíduos de S. oleae的主要栽培品种Grappolo que nas Ascolano e Arbequina是一种流行的植物，用于种植小品种Grappolo, Koroneiki, Ascolano no inverno。一个fluorescência的初始数据“A”为主要的em植物，在欧洲的O. europaia . atacadas . por . oleae。一个相对的 o do rendimento quntico fotoquímico máximo do fotossistema II/fluorescência máxima da clorofila“A”(A) (A) (A) (A) (A) (A)) (A)， A) (A) (A) (A)， A) (A) (A) (A)) (A) (A)) (A) (A)) (A) (A)) (A) (A)) (A)) (A) (A)) (A)) (A) (A)) (A)) (A) (A)) (A)) (A) (A)) (A)) (A))。一种主要植物(除de Grappolo no inverno外)的运输类群。O aumento da fluorescencia调整e reducao做rendimento quantico fotoquimico maximo fotossistema II / fluorescencia maxima e内在德一家em algumas品种德O .欧洲atacadas超过美国oleae indicam丹诺斯没有aparato fotossintetico e possivel reducao没有塞e producao de足底。
{"title":"Physiological Aspects of Olea europaea (Oleaceae) Attacked by Saissetia oleae (Hemiptera: Coccidae)","authors":"M. M. dos Santos, Letícia Alves Carvalho Reis, E. Ferreira, Michael Willian Rocha de Souza, Janaína Baldez Gomes, I. M. da Silva, J. Serrão, M. A. Soares, J. C. Zanuncio","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0305","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Information on the occurrence and damage by Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae) plants is scarce. Saissetia oleae is a sucking insect and its feeding on the phloem affects the photosynthetic apparatus of cells. The objective of this research was to evaluate the occurrence and to determine the effect of S. oleae on the physiological characteristics of O. europaea cultivars. The experiment was carried out in the field in Diamantina, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in a randomized block design in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme (plants of the cultivars ‘Arbequina,’ ‘Ascolano,’ ‘Grappolo,’ and ‘Koroneiki’ attacked or not). The total number and population density of S. oleae on the abaxial and adaxial sides of the O. europaea leaves were evaluated by direct counting in summer, autumn, and winter. The emission of chlorophyll was evaluated by measuring the fluorescence parameters on leaves per treatment and season. The total number of S. oleae was higher on the cultivar Grappolo than on the Ascolano and Arbequina. Grappolo, Koroneiki, and Ascolano showed a population decline of this insect in winter. The initial chlorophyll “a” fluorescence was higher in O. europaea damaged by S. oleae. The maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II/maximum fluorescence ratio of chlorophyll “a” was equal to or greater than 0.75 for all O. europaea cultivars not attacked by S. oleae in the summer, autumn, and winter. The electron transport rate was lower in plants attacked, except for those of the Grappolo in the winter. The increase of initial fluorescence, reduction of maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II/maximum fluorescence, and electron transport rate in some cultivars of O. europaea attacked by S. oleae indicate damages to the photosynthetic apparatus, resulting in a possible decrease in growth and yield of the plants. Resumo Informações sobre a ocorrência e danos de Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) em plantas de Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae) são escassas. Saissetia oleae é um inseto sugador e, ao se alimentar do conteúdo do floema, afeta o aparelho fotossintético das células. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a ocorrência e determinar o efeito de S. oleae nas características fisiológicas de cultivares de O. europaea. O experimento foi conduzido em campo em Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil, em delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 × 4 (plantas atacadas ou não das cultivares ‘Arbequina,’ ‘Ascolano,’ ‘Grappolo,’ e ‘Koroneiki’). O número total e a densidade populacional de S. oleae em O. europaea nas faces abaxial e adaxial das folhas foram avaliados no verão, outono e inverno. A emissão de clorofila foi obtida baseada nos parâmetros de fluorescência nas folhas por tratamento e estação. O número total de indivíduos de S. oleae foi maior na cultivar Grappolo que nas Ascolano e Arbequina e a população desse inseto diminuiu nas Grappolo, Koroneiki, e Ascolano no inve","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48070483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Martínez-Castillo, N. Zamora-Avilés, Angélica Hernández Camargo, J. I. Figueroa-De La Rosa, S. Pineda, S. RAMOS-ORTIZ
Abstract The biological activity of 2 isolates of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (Sf-YUC and Sf-CHI) obtained from the states of Yucatán and Chiapas, Mexico, on second instar fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Michoacán State, Mexico, was determined and compared with that of a Nicaraguan isolate (Sf-NIC). Response of third and fourth instar S. frugiperda to the most active isolate, Sf-YUC, also was determined. Sublethal effects caused by this isolate and its intergenerational persistence were evaluated. The most pathogenic isolates on second instar S. frugiperda were Sf-NIC and Sf-YUC. No significant differences were detected in the speed of kill between the Sf-NIC (146 h) and Sf-YUC (149 h) isolates, whereas that of the Sf-CHI (158 h) isolate was slower significantly. The lethal concentration that kills 50% of the insects (LC50) values of the Sf-YUC isolate increased with larval stage from 9.45 × 104 to 1.25 × 106 occlusion bodies per mL. Statistically significant reductions in pupal weight, fecundity, fertility, and adult longevity were associated in individuals derived from third instar (generation F0) treated with 4.8 × 104 occlusion bodies per mL of the Sf-YUC isolate. A viral mortality of 15.83 ± 1.43% in larvae as well as a significant reduction in pupal weight of generation F1 was recorded. In conclusion, the Mexican isolates may prove suitable as the basis for biological insecticides for regional control of S. frugiperda. Sublethal infections that persist between generations could incur developmental costs and decrease reproductive capacity of the host insect. Resumen En el presente estudio, se determinó la actividad biológica de dos aislados mexicanos del nucleopolyhedrovirus múltiple de Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf-YUC y Sf-CHI) sobre larvas de segundo instar del gusano cogollero, Spodptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), y se compararon con un aislado nicaragüense (Sf-NIC). También se determinó la respuesta de tercer y cuarto instar de S. frugiperda al aislado mexicano más activo, Sf-YUC. Finalmente, se evaluaron los efectos subletales causados por este aislado y su persistencia intrageneracional. Los aislados más patogénicos sobre el segundo instar de S. frugiperda fueron Sf-NIC y Sf-YUC. No se detectaron diferencias significativas en la velocidad de muerte entre los aislados Sf-NIC (146 h) y Sf-YUC (149 h), mientras que la del aislado Sf-CHI (158 h) fue significativamente mayor. Los valores de la concentración letal que matan el 50% de los insectos (CL50) se incrementaron con el estado larval desde 9.45 × 104 a 1.25 × 106 cuerpos de oclusión por mL del segundo al cuarto instar. Reducciones estadísticamente significativas en el peso pupal, la fecundidad, la fertilidad y la longevidad de adultos se asociaron con individuos derivados de tercer estadio (generación F0) tratados con 4,8 × 104 cuerpos de oclusión por mL del aislado Sf-YUC. observó una reducción significativa en el p
{"title":"Biological Activity of Two Mexican Nucleopolyhedrovirus Isolates and Sublethal Infection Effects on Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"A. Martínez-Castillo, N. Zamora-Avilés, Angélica Hernández Camargo, J. I. Figueroa-De La Rosa, S. Pineda, S. RAMOS-ORTIZ","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0301","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The biological activity of 2 isolates of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (Sf-YUC and Sf-CHI) obtained from the states of Yucatán and Chiapas, Mexico, on second instar fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Michoacán State, Mexico, was determined and compared with that of a Nicaraguan isolate (Sf-NIC). Response of third and fourth instar S. frugiperda to the most active isolate, Sf-YUC, also was determined. Sublethal effects caused by this isolate and its intergenerational persistence were evaluated. The most pathogenic isolates on second instar S. frugiperda were Sf-NIC and Sf-YUC. No significant differences were detected in the speed of kill between the Sf-NIC (146 h) and Sf-YUC (149 h) isolates, whereas that of the Sf-CHI (158 h) isolate was slower significantly. The lethal concentration that kills 50% of the insects (LC50) values of the Sf-YUC isolate increased with larval stage from 9.45 × 104 to 1.25 × 106 occlusion bodies per mL. Statistically significant reductions in pupal weight, fecundity, fertility, and adult longevity were associated in individuals derived from third instar (generation F0) treated with 4.8 × 104 occlusion bodies per mL of the Sf-YUC isolate. A viral mortality of 15.83 ± 1.43% in larvae as well as a significant reduction in pupal weight of generation F1 was recorded. In conclusion, the Mexican isolates may prove suitable as the basis for biological insecticides for regional control of S. frugiperda. Sublethal infections that persist between generations could incur developmental costs and decrease reproductive capacity of the host insect. Resumen En el presente estudio, se determinó la actividad biológica de dos aislados mexicanos del nucleopolyhedrovirus múltiple de Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf-YUC y Sf-CHI) sobre larvas de segundo instar del gusano cogollero, Spodptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), y se compararon con un aislado nicaragüense (Sf-NIC). También se determinó la respuesta de tercer y cuarto instar de S. frugiperda al aislado mexicano más activo, Sf-YUC. Finalmente, se evaluaron los efectos subletales causados por este aislado y su persistencia intrageneracional. Los aislados más patogénicos sobre el segundo instar de S. frugiperda fueron Sf-NIC y Sf-YUC. No se detectaron diferencias significativas en la velocidad de muerte entre los aislados Sf-NIC (146 h) y Sf-YUC (149 h), mientras que la del aislado Sf-CHI (158 h) fue significativamente mayor. Los valores de la concentración letal que matan el 50% de los insectos (CL50) se incrementaron con el estado larval desde 9.45 × 104 a 1.25 × 106 cuerpos de oclusión por mL del segundo al cuarto instar. Reducciones estadísticamente significativas en el peso pupal, la fecundidad, la fertilidad y la longevidad de adultos se asociaron con individuos derivados de tercer estadio (generación F0) tratados con 4,8 × 104 cuerpos de oclusión por mL del aislado Sf-YUC. observó una reducción significativa en el p","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49491137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Delgado, M. V. Calvo, F. Duarte, A. Borges, I. Scatoni
Abstract Fruit fly control in Uruguay is based mainly on toxic baits which are insufficient to reduce the damage caused by these pests. Therefore, alternative management measures such as mass trapping gain relevance for control of flies. Attractants commercially available were designed mainly for Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). However, they also should be attractive to Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in our fruit orchards. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of food-based attractants for the capture of sexually immature females of C. capitata and A. fraterculus, as well as their selectivity on the populations of beneficial arthropods (pollinators, predators, and parasitoids). Seven attractants were evaluated in 3 commercial fruit crops during 2 seasons; 4 commercial attractants (hydrolyzed protein, liquid trimethylamine, trimethylamine diffuser card, and ammonium acetate + putrescine diffuser card), 20% natural Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) O. Berg (Myrtaceae) juice, 6% sugarcane molasses, and Torula yeast. The attractants were placed in McPhail traps, which were checked each wk and all captured arthropods were removed, counted, and classified. Captured female tephritids were dissected to determine the presence of eggs. All commercial attractants evaluated were effective at capturing sexually immature females of C. capitata in the 3 fruit crops evaluated during both seasons. Hydrolyzed protein, liquid trimethylamine, and trimethylamine diffuser card were effective at capturing young females of both species. Most of the captures are post-harvest, so we suggest not moving traps after commercial harvest. These attractants also were selective, capturing few beneficial arthropods. Sugarcane molasses and pineapple guava juice were not effective at capturing fruit fly females. Resumen El control de las moscas de la fruta en Uruguay se basa principalmente en el uso de cebos tóxicos, los cuales han mostrado ser insuficientes para reducir sus daños. Debido a esto, estrategias de control alternativas como el trampeo masivo han tomado mayor relevancia. Los atrayentes disponibles comercialmente fueron diseñados para Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Sin embargo, en nuestros cultivos frutales también deberían ser efectivos para Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la eficiencia de diferentes atrayentes alimenticios en la captura de hembras sexualmente inmaduras de C. capitata y A. fraterculus, y su selectividad respecto a las poblaciones de artrópodos benéficos. Siete atrayentes diferentes fueron evaluados en tres cultivos frutícolas comerciales en dos temporadas; cuatro atrayentes comerciales (proteína hidrolizada, trimethylamine líquido, trimethylamine tarjeta difusora, y acetato de amonio + putrescina), jugo natural de Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) O. Berg (Myrtaceae) al 20%, melaza de caña al 6% y levadura
{"title":"Food Attractants for Mass Trapping of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Its Selectivity for Beneficial Arthropods","authors":"S. Delgado, M. V. Calvo, F. Duarte, A. Borges, I. Scatoni","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0302","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fruit fly control in Uruguay is based mainly on toxic baits which are insufficient to reduce the damage caused by these pests. Therefore, alternative management measures such as mass trapping gain relevance for control of flies. Attractants commercially available were designed mainly for Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). However, they also should be attractive to Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in our fruit orchards. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of food-based attractants for the capture of sexually immature females of C. capitata and A. fraterculus, as well as their selectivity on the populations of beneficial arthropods (pollinators, predators, and parasitoids). Seven attractants were evaluated in 3 commercial fruit crops during 2 seasons; 4 commercial attractants (hydrolyzed protein, liquid trimethylamine, trimethylamine diffuser card, and ammonium acetate + putrescine diffuser card), 20% natural Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) O. Berg (Myrtaceae) juice, 6% sugarcane molasses, and Torula yeast. The attractants were placed in McPhail traps, which were checked each wk and all captured arthropods were removed, counted, and classified. Captured female tephritids were dissected to determine the presence of eggs. All commercial attractants evaluated were effective at capturing sexually immature females of C. capitata in the 3 fruit crops evaluated during both seasons. Hydrolyzed protein, liquid trimethylamine, and trimethylamine diffuser card were effective at capturing young females of both species. Most of the captures are post-harvest, so we suggest not moving traps after commercial harvest. These attractants also were selective, capturing few beneficial arthropods. Sugarcane molasses and pineapple guava juice were not effective at capturing fruit fly females. Resumen El control de las moscas de la fruta en Uruguay se basa principalmente en el uso de cebos tóxicos, los cuales han mostrado ser insuficientes para reducir sus daños. Debido a esto, estrategias de control alternativas como el trampeo masivo han tomado mayor relevancia. Los atrayentes disponibles comercialmente fueron diseñados para Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Sin embargo, en nuestros cultivos frutales también deberían ser efectivos para Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la eficiencia de diferentes atrayentes alimenticios en la captura de hembras sexualmente inmaduras de C. capitata y A. fraterculus, y su selectividad respecto a las poblaciones de artrópodos benéficos. Siete atrayentes diferentes fueron evaluados en tres cultivos frutícolas comerciales en dos temporadas; cuatro atrayentes comerciales (proteína hidrolizada, trimethylamine líquido, trimethylamine tarjeta difusora, y acetato de amonio + putrescina), jugo natural de Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) O. Berg (Myrtaceae) al 20%, melaza de caña al 6% y levadura","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45347033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mayren Sánchez-Rosario, D. Pérez‐Staples, Daniel Sánchez-Guillén, L. Ruiz-Montoya, P. Liedo
Abstract Body size is one of the most determining traits in the fitness of insects. For fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) control programs using sterile insect technique, size is a valuable indicator of the quality of the mass-reared insects. However, laboratory colonization and mass-rearing conditions can contribute to the disparity in phenotypic traits between laboratory and wild populations, reducing the performance of sterile males and the effectiveness of the sterile insect technique. Hence the relevance of evaluating the possible variations in body size (size and shape) in 2 economically important species: Anastrepha ludens (Loew) and Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (both Diptera: Tephritidae). In this study, we compared pupal size distribution of wild and laboratory populations, using 3 parameters: pupal length, width, and weight. Additionally, we recorded the sex of the emerged adults to determine the sexual dimorphism related to pupae size. In A. ludens, male and female wild pupae were longer than pupae of their laboratory congeners, while laboratory pupae were wider and heavier than the wild pupae. In A. obliqua, male and female wild pupae were significantly larger than pupae of their laboratory congeners in all size parameters. We confirmed the sexual dimorphism in pupal size in both species and both populations. Females were bigger than males in all pupal size parameters. This study provides useful information about size distributions and dimorphism from pupal size, providing baseline data with potential implications and applications in mass rearing of A. ludens and A. obliqua for the application of the sterile insect technique. Resumen El tamaño corporal es uno de los rasgos más determinantes en la aptitud de los insectos. Para los programas de control de moscas de la fruta (Diptera: Tephritidae) que utilizan la técnica del insecto estéril, el tamaño es un indicador valioso de la calidad de los insectos de cría masiva. Sin embargo, la colonización en laboratorio y las condiciones de cría masiva pueden contribuir a la disparidad en los rasgos fenotípicos entre las poblaciones silvestres y de laboratorio, reduciendo el desempeño de los machos estériles y la efectividad de la técnica del insecto estéril. De aquí la relevancia de evaluar las posibles variaciones en el tamaño corporal (tamaño y forma) en dos especies económicamente importantes: Anastrepha ludens (Loew) y Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart). En este estudio, comparamos la distribución del tamaño de pupas de una población silvestre y de laboratorio, utilizando 3 parámetros: longitud, ancho y peso de pupas. Además, registramos el sexo de los adultos emergidos para determinar el dimorfismo sexual relacionado con el tamaño de la pupa. En A. ludens, las pupas de machos y hembras silvestres fueron más largas que las pupas de sus congéneres de laboratorio, mientras que las pupas de laboratorio fueron más anchas y pesadas que las pupas silvestres. En A. obliqua, las pupas de machos y hembr
摘要体型是昆虫适合度最重要的特征之一。对于采用昆虫不育技术控制果蝇(双翅目:蝗科)，大小是大量饲养的昆虫质量的重要指标。然而，实验室定殖和大规模饲养条件会导致实验室种群与野生种群之间表型性状的差异，从而降低不育雄虫的性能和昆虫不育技术的有效性。因此，评估两种具有重要经济意义的物种:鹿茸(Anastrepha ludens, low)和鹿茸(Anastrepha obliqua, Macquart)在体型(大小和形状)上可能发生的变化是有意义的。在这项研究中，我们比较了野生种群和实验室种群的蛹大小分布，使用3个参数:蛹的长度、宽度和重量。此外，我们还记录了出现的成虫的性别，以确定与蛹大小有关的性别二态性。雄性和雌性野斑姬蜂的蛹均比实验室同系物的蛹长，而实验室蛹则比野生蛹宽、重。在所有的尺寸参数上，雄性和雌性的野蛹都明显大于实验室同系物的蛹。我们证实了两个物种和两个种群在蛹大小上的两性二态性。在所有的蛹大小参数中，雌性都大于雄性。本研究从蛹的大小分布和二态性方面提供了有用的信息，为大规模饲养黄斑姬蜂和斜斑姬蜂不育技术的应用提供了基础数据。resume El tamaño下士uno de los rasgos más determinantes en la aptitude de los entomtos。关于防治蚊病(双翅目:绢虱科)的方案，关于利用昆虫的遗传变异和遗传变异，关于tamaño关于昆虫遗传变异和遗传变异的指标，cría masiva。2008年，在实验室中，化学物质交换条件(1)和化学物质交换条件(1)和化学物质交换条件(2)和实验室中，化学物质交换条件(1)和实验室中，化学物质交换条件(1)和实验室中，化学物质交换条件(1)和实验室中，化学物质交换条件(1)和实验室中，化学物质交换条件(2)和实验室中。De aquí la relancea De evaluar las possibilities variaciones en el tamaño下士(tamaño y forma) en dos especies económicamente importantes: Anastrepha ludens (low) y Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart)。En este estudio, comparamos la distribución del tamaño de pupas de una población silvestre y de laboratory, utilitzando 3 parámetros: longitude, ancho y peso de pupas。Además, registramos el sexo de los adultos emergidos para determinar el dimorfismo sexual relationado con el tamaño de la pupa。En A. ludens, as pupas de machoas as silvestes fueron más as pupas as conastneres de laboratorio, as mientras as pupas de laboratorio fueron más和as pesadas as las pupas silvestes。as A. obliqua, as pupas de machos y embras silvestes fueron significativesente más grandes que as pupas de sus conastneres de laboratos de los parámetros de tamaño。Confirmamos el dimorfismo sexual en el tamaño de las pupas en ambas speciies en ambas poblaciones。Las hembras fueron más grandes que los machos en todos los parámetros de tamaño de pupa。埃斯特工厂化proporciona给util acerca de las distribuciones del tamano y el dimorfismo del tamano de la蛹proporcionando拿督de referencia con潜在implicaciones y aplicaciones en la cria masiva de a ludens y a obliqua对位拉aplicacion de la tecnica del insecto esteril。
{"title":"Pupal Size Distribution and Sexual Dimorphism in Wild and Laboratory Populations of Two Species of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) Fruit Flies","authors":"Mayren Sánchez-Rosario, D. Pérez‐Staples, Daniel Sánchez-Guillén, L. Ruiz-Montoya, P. Liedo","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0304","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Body size is one of the most determining traits in the fitness of insects. For fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) control programs using sterile insect technique, size is a valuable indicator of the quality of the mass-reared insects. However, laboratory colonization and mass-rearing conditions can contribute to the disparity in phenotypic traits between laboratory and wild populations, reducing the performance of sterile males and the effectiveness of the sterile insect technique. Hence the relevance of evaluating the possible variations in body size (size and shape) in 2 economically important species: Anastrepha ludens (Loew) and Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (both Diptera: Tephritidae). In this study, we compared pupal size distribution of wild and laboratory populations, using 3 parameters: pupal length, width, and weight. Additionally, we recorded the sex of the emerged adults to determine the sexual dimorphism related to pupae size. In A. ludens, male and female wild pupae were longer than pupae of their laboratory congeners, while laboratory pupae were wider and heavier than the wild pupae. In A. obliqua, male and female wild pupae were significantly larger than pupae of their laboratory congeners in all size parameters. We confirmed the sexual dimorphism in pupal size in both species and both populations. Females were bigger than males in all pupal size parameters. This study provides useful information about size distributions and dimorphism from pupal size, providing baseline data with potential implications and applications in mass rearing of A. ludens and A. obliqua for the application of the sterile insect technique. Resumen El tamaño corporal es uno de los rasgos más determinantes en la aptitud de los insectos. Para los programas de control de moscas de la fruta (Diptera: Tephritidae) que utilizan la técnica del insecto estéril, el tamaño es un indicador valioso de la calidad de los insectos de cría masiva. Sin embargo, la colonización en laboratorio y las condiciones de cría masiva pueden contribuir a la disparidad en los rasgos fenotípicos entre las poblaciones silvestres y de laboratorio, reduciendo el desempeño de los machos estériles y la efectividad de la técnica del insecto estéril. De aquí la relevancia de evaluar las posibles variaciones en el tamaño corporal (tamaño y forma) en dos especies económicamente importantes: Anastrepha ludens (Loew) y Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart). En este estudio, comparamos la distribución del tamaño de pupas de una población silvestre y de laboratorio, utilizando 3 parámetros: longitud, ancho y peso de pupas. Además, registramos el sexo de los adultos emergidos para determinar el dimorfismo sexual relacionado con el tamaño de la pupa. En A. ludens, las pupas de machos y hembras silvestres fueron más largas que las pupas de sus congéneres de laboratorio, mientras que las pupas de laboratorio fueron más anchas y pesadas que las pupas silvestres. En A. obliqua, las pupas de machos y hembr","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67431103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Wheeler, C. Minteer, E. Rohrig, Sedonia Steininger, R. Nestle, D. Halbritter, J. Leidi, M. Rayamajhi, Emily J. Le Falchier
Abstract Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Anacardiaceae), is an invasive weed of natural and agricultural areas of California, Florida, Hawaii, and Texas, USA. A thrips, Pseudophilothrips ichini (Hood) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), was permitted and released in 2019 as the first biological control agent for this invasive weed in Florida, USA. The thrips feeds on flushing leaves that are produced during the vegetative season of the host. Together, the USDA–ARS, University of Florida, and Florida Department of Food and Consumer Services combined efforts to mass produce and release P. ichini throughout the Brazilian peppertree-invaded range in Florida. Between May 2019 and Dec 2021, more than 2 million P. ichini were released at 567 sites in Florida. Over this period, P. ichini persisted at up to 60% of the survey sites for at least 1 generation as indicated by recovery of thrips adults at least 60 d after release. These results indicate that this thrips, a classical biological control agent, has persisted in the invaded range of Brazilian peppertree in Florida with populations evident at many release sites. This biological control agent will provide land managers with a safe and cost-effective means of controlling Brazilian peppertree. Resumen El pimentero brasileño, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Anacardiaceae), es una maleza invasora de áreas naturales y agrícolas de California, Florida, Hawái y Texas, EE. UU. Un trips, Pseudophilothrips ichini (Hood) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), fue autorizado y liberado en el 2019 como el primer agente de control biológico para esta maleza invasora en Florida, EE. UU. Los trips se alimentan de las hojas enrojecidas que se producen durante la temporada vegetativa del hospedero. Juntos, el USDA-ARS, la Universidad de Florida y el Departamento de Alimentos y Servicios al Consumidor de Florida combinaron esfuerzos para producir en masa y liberar P. ichini en toda la zona de distribución invadida por pimenteros brasileños en Florida. Entre mayo del 2019 y diciembre del 2021, se liberaron más de 2 millones de P. ichini en 567 sitios de Florida. Durante este período, P. ichini persistió en el 60% de los sitios de estudio durante al menos 1 generación, como lo indica la recuperación de adultos de trips al menos 60 días después de la liberación. Estos resultados indican que este trips, un agente de control biológico clásico, ha persistido en el área de distribución invadida por el pimentero brasileño en Florida con poblaciones evidentes en muchos de los sitios de liberación. Este agente de control biológico proporcionará a los administradores de tierras un medio seguro y rentable para controlar el pimentero brasileño.
{"title":"Release and Persistence of the Brazilian Peppertree Biological Control Agent Pseudophilothrips ichini (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) in Florida","authors":"G. Wheeler, C. Minteer, E. Rohrig, Sedonia Steininger, R. Nestle, D. Halbritter, J. Leidi, M. Rayamajhi, Emily J. Le Falchier","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0308","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Anacardiaceae), is an invasive weed of natural and agricultural areas of California, Florida, Hawaii, and Texas, USA. A thrips, Pseudophilothrips ichini (Hood) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), was permitted and released in 2019 as the first biological control agent for this invasive weed in Florida, USA. The thrips feeds on flushing leaves that are produced during the vegetative season of the host. Together, the USDA–ARS, University of Florida, and Florida Department of Food and Consumer Services combined efforts to mass produce and release P. ichini throughout the Brazilian peppertree-invaded range in Florida. Between May 2019 and Dec 2021, more than 2 million P. ichini were released at 567 sites in Florida. Over this period, P. ichini persisted at up to 60% of the survey sites for at least 1 generation as indicated by recovery of thrips adults at least 60 d after release. These results indicate that this thrips, a classical biological control agent, has persisted in the invaded range of Brazilian peppertree in Florida with populations evident at many release sites. This biological control agent will provide land managers with a safe and cost-effective means of controlling Brazilian peppertree. Resumen El pimentero brasileño, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Anacardiaceae), es una maleza invasora de áreas naturales y agrícolas de California, Florida, Hawái y Texas, EE. UU. Un trips, Pseudophilothrips ichini (Hood) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), fue autorizado y liberado en el 2019 como el primer agente de control biológico para esta maleza invasora en Florida, EE. UU. Los trips se alimentan de las hojas enrojecidas que se producen durante la temporada vegetativa del hospedero. Juntos, el USDA-ARS, la Universidad de Florida y el Departamento de Alimentos y Servicios al Consumidor de Florida combinaron esfuerzos para producir en masa y liberar P. ichini en toda la zona de distribución invadida por pimenteros brasileños en Florida. Entre mayo del 2019 y diciembre del 2021, se liberaron más de 2 millones de P. ichini en 567 sitios de Florida. Durante este período, P. ichini persistió en el 60% de los sitios de estudio durante al menos 1 generación, como lo indica la recuperación de adultos de trips al menos 60 días después de la liberación. Estos resultados indican que este trips, un agente de control biológico clásico, ha persistido en el área de distribución invadida por el pimentero brasileño en Florida con poblaciones evidentes en muchos de los sitios de liberación. Este agente de control biológico proporcionará a los administradores de tierras un medio seguro y rentable para controlar el pimentero brasileño.","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46526060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aisha Kausar, F. Ullah, Fatima N. Jahan, K. Khan, S. Wahid, Gule Tanzila, N. H. Khan
Abstract This study investigated spatio-temporal fluctuations and population dynamics of Bactrocera fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, in relation to selected climatic variables. Additionally, infestation rate of Bactrocera species and trapping efficiency of different trap types and characteristics were explored. Fruit flies were collected from 14 selected localities of 9 districts in 4 agro-ecological zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa using pheromone traps (methyl eugenol and raspberry extract), food-baited traps, and from rearing of infested fruits. A total of 12,058 fruit flies belonging to nine species: Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Bactrocera zonata (Saunders), Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi), Bactrocera signata (Hering), Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett), Bactrocera tau (Walker), Bactrocera zahadi (Mahmood), Bactrocera scutellaris (Bezzi), and Bactrocera nigrofemoralis (White and Tsuruta) (all Diptera: Tephritidae) were collected. The first 3 species were categorized as dominant. Highest flies per trap per d was recorded from district Kohat (Zone-D) while the lowest was in Nowshera (Zone-C). Havelian, district Abbottabad (Zone-B), was the most diverse locality. Fruit fly population peaked in May and were at a minimum in Dec. There was a significant positive correlation between rainfall and Bactrocera species abundance, and a negative association between relative humidity and population abundance. Highest flies per trap per d were recorded at elevations ranging from 285 to 855 masl in semi-arid and cool zones, in sub-humid zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and in rangelands south of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Fruit flies showed host specificity with respect to certain plant families. Methyl eugenol-raspberry extract traps and food-baited traps displayed species-specific trapping patterns. South-facing and green or yellow colored traps were the most attractive. Numbers of Bactrocera were higher in methyl eugenol-raspberry extract mixture traps compared to other pheromone trap combinations. In food-baited trials, peach and guava-baited traps attracted the highest number of Bactrocera flies. Adding sugar and yeast increased trapping efficiency. Resumen Este estudio investigó las fluctuaciones espacio-temporales y la dinámica poblacional de las moscas de la fruta del género Bactrocera (Diptera: Tephritidae) en Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistán, en relación con las variables climáticas seleccionadas. Además, se exploró la tasa de infestación de especies de Bactrocera y la eficiencia de captura de diferentes tipos y características de trampas. Se recolectaron moscas de la fruta en 14 localidades seleccionadas de 9 distritos en 4 zonas agroecológicas de Khyber Pakhtunkhwa utilizando trampas de feromonas (metil eugenol y extracto de frambuesa), trampas con cebo alimentario y cría de frutas infestadas. Un total de 12.058 moscas de la fruta pertenecientes a nueve especies: Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Bactrocera zonata (Saunders), Bactrocera c
摘要本研究根据选定的气候变量，调查了巴基斯坦开伯尔-普什图赫瓦州水果蝇（双翅目：蝇科）的时空波动和种群动态。此外，还探讨了细菌的侵染率以及不同陷阱类型和特征的陷阱效率。利用Pheromone陷阱（甲基丁香酚和草莓提取物）、食饵陷阱和侵染水果的后部，从开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦4个农业生态区9个地区的14个选定地点收集了果蝇。共收集了12058只属于9个物种的果蝇：Bactrocera dorsalis（Hendel）、Bactrocera zonata（Saunders）、Bactrocera correcto（Bezzi）、Bactrocera signata（Hering）、Bactrocera curbitae（Coquillett）、Bactrocera tau（Walker）、Bactrocera Zahadi（Mahmood）、Bactrocera scutelaris（Bezzi）和Bactrocera nigrofemoralis（White and Tsurota）（所有双翅目：蝙蝠科）。前3个物种被归类为优势物种。每天陷阱飞行次数最多的是科哈特区（D区），最低的是诺舍拉（C区）。阿伯塔巴德区（B区）的哈维利安是最多样化的地方。果蝇种群在5月达到高峰，在12月达到最低水平。降雨与细菌物种丰度呈显著正相关，相对湿度与种群丰度呈负相关。在半干旱和凉爽地区、开伯尔-普什图赫瓦亚潮湿地区和开伯尔-普什图赫瓦以南的牧场，每天捕获的苍蝇最高，从285 masl到855 masl不等。果蝇对某些植物科表现出宿主特异性。甲基丁香酚-杨梅提取物陷阱和食饵陷阱显示出特定的陷阱模式。南面和绿色或黄色陷阱是最具吸引力的。与其他Pheromone陷阱组合相比，甲基丁香酚-草莓提取物混合陷阱中的细菌数量更多。在以食物为基础的审判中，桃子和瓜瓦的陷阱吸引了最多的bactrocera flies。添加糖和玉米提高了捕集效率。摘要本研究根据选定的气候变量，研究了巴基斯坦开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦Bactrocera属果蝇的时空波动和种群动态。此外，还探讨了细菌的侵染率以及不同类型和陷阱特征的捕获效率。使用信息素陷阱（甲基丁香酚和覆盆子提取物）、食物诱饵陷阱和受感染水果的繁殖，在开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦4个农业生态区9个地区的14个选定地点收集了果蝇。共收集了属于9个物种的12058只果蝇：背根杆菌（Hendel）、佐纳根杆菌（Saunders）、正确根杆菌（Bezzi）、签名根杆菌（Hering）、南瓜根杆菌（Coquillett）、Tau根杆菌（Walker）、Zahadi根杆菌（Mahmood）、Scutellaris根杆菌（Bezzi）和黑根杆菌（White and Tsurota）（均为双翅目：根杆菌科）。前3种被归类为优势种。科哈特区（D区）每天每陷阱的苍蝇数量最多，而Nowshera（C区）的苍蝇数量最少。阿伯塔巴德区（B区）的哈维利安是最多样化的地方。果蝇种群在5月达到高峰，12月达到最低。降雨与细菌物种丰富度呈显著正相关，相对湿度与种群丰富度呈显著负相关。在半干旱和寒冷地区、开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦亚湿润地区和开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦以南的草原上，每天每陷阱的苍蝇数量最多，在285至855海里之间。果蝇对某些植物家族表现出宿主特异性。覆盆子和甲基丁香酚提取物陷阱和食物陷阱显示出特定于物种的捕获模式。最吸引人的是面向南方的绿色或黄色陷阱。与其他信息素陷阱组合相比，甲基丁香酚和覆盆子提取物混合陷阱中的细菌数量更多。在食物诱饵试验中，桃子和番石榴诱饵诱捕器吸引了最多的蝙蝠。糖和酵母的添加提高了捕获效率。
{"title":"Bionomics of Bactrocera Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; Exploring Performance of Various Trap Types and Their Characteristics","authors":"Aisha Kausar, F. Ullah, Fatima N. Jahan, K. Khan, S. Wahid, Gule Tanzila, N. H. Khan","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0309","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigated spatio-temporal fluctuations and population dynamics of Bactrocera fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, in relation to selected climatic variables. Additionally, infestation rate of Bactrocera species and trapping efficiency of different trap types and characteristics were explored. Fruit flies were collected from 14 selected localities of 9 districts in 4 agro-ecological zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa using pheromone traps (methyl eugenol and raspberry extract), food-baited traps, and from rearing of infested fruits. A total of 12,058 fruit flies belonging to nine species: Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Bactrocera zonata (Saunders), Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi), Bactrocera signata (Hering), Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett), Bactrocera tau (Walker), Bactrocera zahadi (Mahmood), Bactrocera scutellaris (Bezzi), and Bactrocera nigrofemoralis (White and Tsuruta) (all Diptera: Tephritidae) were collected. The first 3 species were categorized as dominant. Highest flies per trap per d was recorded from district Kohat (Zone-D) while the lowest was in Nowshera (Zone-C). Havelian, district Abbottabad (Zone-B), was the most diverse locality. Fruit fly population peaked in May and were at a minimum in Dec. There was a significant positive correlation between rainfall and Bactrocera species abundance, and a negative association between relative humidity and population abundance. Highest flies per trap per d were recorded at elevations ranging from 285 to 855 masl in semi-arid and cool zones, in sub-humid zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and in rangelands south of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Fruit flies showed host specificity with respect to certain plant families. Methyl eugenol-raspberry extract traps and food-baited traps displayed species-specific trapping patterns. South-facing and green or yellow colored traps were the most attractive. Numbers of Bactrocera were higher in methyl eugenol-raspberry extract mixture traps compared to other pheromone trap combinations. In food-baited trials, peach and guava-baited traps attracted the highest number of Bactrocera flies. Adding sugar and yeast increased trapping efficiency. Resumen Este estudio investigó las fluctuaciones espacio-temporales y la dinámica poblacional de las moscas de la fruta del género Bactrocera (Diptera: Tephritidae) en Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistán, en relación con las variables climáticas seleccionadas. Además, se exploró la tasa de infestación de especies de Bactrocera y la eficiencia de captura de diferentes tipos y características de trampas. Se recolectaron moscas de la fruta en 14 localidades seleccionadas de 9 distritos en 4 zonas agroecológicas de Khyber Pakhtunkhwa utilizando trampas de feromonas (metil eugenol y extracto de frambuesa), trampas con cebo alimentario y cría de frutas infestadas. Un total de 12.058 moscas de la fruta pertenecientes a nueve especies: Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Bactrocera zonata (Saunders), Bactrocera c","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41252578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amy DaSilva, A. M. Reddy, P. Pratt, Marielle S. Hansel Friedman, B. Grewell, N. Harms, X. Cibils–Stewart, G. C. Walsh, Ana C. Faltlhauser, M. Chamorro
Abstract South American invasive plants in the genus Ludwigia (Onagraceae) degrade many riparian and aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Biological control may aid in the management of these exotic weeds, but data on the host specificity of Ludwigia natural enemies is limited. The biology and host range of Sudauleutes bosqi Hustache (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), an herbivore of Ludwigia spp. in South America, was studied to determine its suitability as a biological control agent for 3 exotic Ludwigia spp. (targets) in the US. Weevils maintained at 25 °C (± 1 °C) and a 14:10 h (L:D) photoperiod developed through 7 life stages, with a generation time from egg to adult of 17.6 (± 1.2) d when reared on the target weed Ludwigia hexapetala (Hook. & Arn.) Zardini, Gu & P. H. Raven (Onagraceae). There was no difference in mean body length between females (2.6 ± 0.1 mm) and males (2.5 ± 0.1 mm). No-choice and multiple-choice host range tests were conducted using 3 exotic Ludwigia spp. and 8 native US plant species. Sudauleutes bosqi larvae completed development on the 3 target weeds and 4 native plant species, and oviposition occurred on all but 1 of the plant species that supported larval development. In multiple-choice tests, S. bosqi oviposited on 9 of 11 plant species tested. Results indicate that host selection and development of S. bosqi is not limited to target weeds but also includes valued non-target species. Therefore, S. bosqi is not sufficiently host-specific for further consideration as a biological control agent of exotic Ludwigia spp. in the US and additional testing is not warranted. Resumen Las plantas invasoras sudamericanas del género Ludwigia (Onagraceae) degradan muchos ecosistemas ribereños y acuáticos en todo el mun-do. El control biológico puede ayudar en el manejo de estas malas hierbas exóticas, pero los datos sobre la especificidad de hospedero de los enemigos naturales de Ludwigia son limitados. Se estudió la biología y el rango de hospederos de Sudauleutes bosqi Hustache (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), un herbívoro de Ludwigia spp. en América del Sur para determinar su sostenebilidad como agente de control biológico de 3 especies exóticas de Ludwigia spp. (objetivos) en los EE.UU. Los gorgojos mantenidos a 25 °C (± 1 °C) con un fotoperíodo de 14:10 h (L:D) se desarrollaron a lo largo de 7 estadios de vida, con un tiempo de generación de huevo a adulto de 17,6 (± 1,2) dias cuando se criaron en la maleza objetivo Ludwigia hexapetala (Hook. & Arn.) Zardini, Gu & PH Raven (Onagraceae). No hubo diferencia en la longitud corporal media entre las hembras (2,6 ± 0,1 mm) y los machos (2,5 ± 0,1 mm). Se realizaron pruebas de variedad de hospederos de opción múltiple y de elección múltiple utilizando 3 especies exóticas de Ludwigia spp. y 8 especies de plantas nativas de EE. UU. Las larvas de Sudauleutes bosqi completaron el desarrollo en las 3 malezas objetivo y las 4 especies de plantas nativas, y la oviposición sucedió en todas menos 1 de las e
摘要:南美入侵植物Ludwigia (onagracae)在世界范围内破坏了许多河流和水生生态系统。生物防治可能有助于这些外来杂草的管理，但关于路德维希天敌宿主特异性的数据有限。研究了南美路德维希亚(Ludwigia)种植食性昆虫Sudauleutes bosqi Hustache(鞘翅目:Curculionidae)的生物学特性和寄主范围，以确定其作为美国3种外来路德维希亚(Ludwigia)种(目标)生物防治剂的适宜性。在25°C(±1°C)和14:10 h (L:D)光照条件下，象鼻虫在目标杂草Ludwigia hexaptala (Hook)上饲养，经历7个生命阶段，从卵到成虫的世代时间为17.6(±1.2)D。&攻击)。Zardini, Gu & P. H. Raven(龙舌兰科)。雌性(2.6±0.1 mm)和雄性(2.5±0.1 mm)的平均体长没有差异。采用3种外来路德维希属植物和8种美国本土植物进行了无选择和多选择寄主范围试验。在3种目标杂草和4种本地植物上均能成功发育，除1种支持幼虫发育的植物外，其余均能产卵。在多项选择测试中，在11种被测试的植物中，有9种被测试的植物上产卵。结果表明，寄主的选择和发育不仅局限于目标杂草，也包括有价值的非目标杂草。因此，S. bosqi没有足够的宿主特异性，不足以进一步考虑作为美国外来路德维希氏菌的生物防治剂，并且没有必要进行额外的测试。恢复Las plantas invasoras sudamericanas del gassimnero Ludwigia (onagracae)降解了大量的生态系统，如ribereños y acuáticos和el mundo。El control biológico puede ayudar en El manejo de estas malas hierbas exóticas, pero los datos sobre la especidad de hospedero de los enemigos naturales de Ludwigia son limitados。请参见estudió la biología y ' el rango de hospederos de Sudauleutes bosqi Hustache(鞘翅目:龟科)，un herbívoro de Ludwigia spp. en amacriica del para determinar su sostenebilidad comente de control biológico de 3种exóticas de Ludwigia spp.(目标)en los EE.UU。Los gorgojos mantenidos a 25°C(±1°C) con con fotoperíodo de 14:10 h (L:D) se desarrollaron a lo large de 7 estadios de vida, con con tiempo de generación de huevo a成虫de 17,6(±1,2)dias cuando se criaron en la maleza objetivo Ludwigia hexaptala (Hook)。&攻击)。Zardini, Gu和PH乌鸦(龙舌兰科)。纵向下体介质中心(2,6±0.1 mm)与纵向下体介质中心(2,5±0.1 mm)无明显差异。3种植物(exóticas)和8种原生植物(EE)。UU。Las larvas de Sudauleutes bosqi completaron el desarrollo en Las 3 malezas目标为4种植物原生物种，1种植物原生物种为oviposición sucedió en todas menos 1种植物原生物种为apoyaron el desarrollo de Las larvas。En las pruebas de opción múltiple, s.b osqi ovipositó En 9 de 11种植物分析。结果表明，美国人的生活质量不受限制;美国人的生活质量不受限制;美国人的生活质量不受限制;美国人的生活质量不受限制;穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人穷人。UU。我不知道garantizan proebeas dictiononales。
{"title":"Biology of Immature Stages and Host Range Characteristics of Sudauleutes bosqi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a Candidate Biological Control Agent of Exotic Ludwigia spp. in the USA","authors":"Amy DaSilva, A. M. Reddy, P. Pratt, Marielle S. Hansel Friedman, B. Grewell, N. Harms, X. Cibils–Stewart, G. C. Walsh, Ana C. Faltlhauser, M. Chamorro","doi":"10.1653/024.105.0310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1653/024.105.0310","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract South American invasive plants in the genus Ludwigia (Onagraceae) degrade many riparian and aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Biological control may aid in the management of these exotic weeds, but data on the host specificity of Ludwigia natural enemies is limited. The biology and host range of Sudauleutes bosqi Hustache (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), an herbivore of Ludwigia spp. in South America, was studied to determine its suitability as a biological control agent for 3 exotic Ludwigia spp. (targets) in the US. Weevils maintained at 25 °C (± 1 °C) and a 14:10 h (L:D) photoperiod developed through 7 life stages, with a generation time from egg to adult of 17.6 (± 1.2) d when reared on the target weed Ludwigia hexapetala (Hook. & Arn.) Zardini, Gu & P. H. Raven (Onagraceae). There was no difference in mean body length between females (2.6 ± 0.1 mm) and males (2.5 ± 0.1 mm). No-choice and multiple-choice host range tests were conducted using 3 exotic Ludwigia spp. and 8 native US plant species. Sudauleutes bosqi larvae completed development on the 3 target weeds and 4 native plant species, and oviposition occurred on all but 1 of the plant species that supported larval development. In multiple-choice tests, S. bosqi oviposited on 9 of 11 plant species tested. Results indicate that host selection and development of S. bosqi is not limited to target weeds but also includes valued non-target species. Therefore, S. bosqi is not sufficiently host-specific for further consideration as a biological control agent of exotic Ludwigia spp. in the US and additional testing is not warranted. Resumen Las plantas invasoras sudamericanas del género Ludwigia (Onagraceae) degradan muchos ecosistemas ribereños y acuáticos en todo el mun-do. El control biológico puede ayudar en el manejo de estas malas hierbas exóticas, pero los datos sobre la especificidad de hospedero de los enemigos naturales de Ludwigia son limitados. Se estudió la biología y el rango de hospederos de Sudauleutes bosqi Hustache (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), un herbívoro de Ludwigia spp. en América del Sur para determinar su sostenebilidad como agente de control biológico de 3 especies exóticas de Ludwigia spp. (objetivos) en los EE.UU. Los gorgojos mantenidos a 25 °C (± 1 °C) con un fotoperíodo de 14:10 h (L:D) se desarrollaron a lo largo de 7 estadios de vida, con un tiempo de generación de huevo a adulto de 17,6 (± 1,2) dias cuando se criaron en la maleza objetivo Ludwigia hexapetala (Hook. & Arn.) Zardini, Gu & PH Raven (Onagraceae). No hubo diferencia en la longitud corporal media entre las hembras (2,6 ± 0,1 mm) y los machos (2,5 ± 0,1 mm). Se realizaron pruebas de variedad de hospederos de opción múltiple y de elección múltiple utilizando 3 especies exóticas de Ludwigia spp. y 8 especies de plantas nativas de EE. UU. Las larvas de Sudauleutes bosqi completaron el desarrollo en las 3 malezas objetivo y las 4 especies de plantas nativas, y la oviposición sucedió en todas menos 1 de las e","PeriodicalId":12297,"journal":{"name":"Florida Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44227545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Shelly, R. Kurashima, L. Mosser, Rod Martin, C. Bazelet
Abstract The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a global agricultural pest that attacks many commercially important fruits and vegetables. Many countries maintain trapping programs to detect incursions of this pest, and trapping relies heavily on methyl eugenol, a powerful attractant to B. dorsalis males, which typically is applied as a liquid to a cotton wick contained inside Jackson traps. However, this method is time-consuming, incurs high volatility (i.e., loss) of the lure, and entails health risks. Existing data indicate that solid dispensers of methyl eugenol are a viable alternative to the use of liquid lure. Based on fieldwork in a Hawaiian coffee field, the present study shows non-significant differences in captures of wild B. dorsalis males over 12-wk intervals between traps baited with a wick containing 6 mL of freshly applied liquid methyl eugenol and traps baited with a polymeric plug or wafer that contained a similar amount of methyl eugenol. The residual content of methyl eugenol also was measured for solid dispensers over the weathering period, but their long-lasting attractancy (≥ 12 wk) precluded identification of the threshold level of the lure below which solid dispensers were ineffective. Implications of these findings for trapping programs are discussed. Resumen La mosca oriental de la fruta, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), es una plaga agrícola mundial que ataca una gran variedad de frutas y verduras de importancia comercial. Muchos países mantienen programas de trampeo para detectar incursiones de esta plaga, y el trampeo depende en gran medida del metil eugenol, un poderoso atrayente para los machos de B. dorsalis, que generalmente se aplica como líquido a una mecha de algodón contenida dentro de las trampas Jackson. Sin embargo, este método requiere mucho tiempo, incurre en una alta volatilidad (pérdida) del señuelo y conlleva riesgos para la salud. Los datos existentes indican que los dispensadores sólidos de metil eugenol son una alternativa viable en vez del uso de señuelos líquidos. Basado en el trabajo de campo en cafetal de Hawái, el presente estudio muestra diferencias no significativas en las capturas de machos de B. dorsalis silvestres en intervalos de 12 semanas entre trampas cebadas con una mecha que contiene 6 ml de metil eugenol líquido recién aplicado y trampas cebadas con una tapón polimérico u oblea que contenía una cantidad similar de metil eugenol. El contenido residual de metil eugenol también se midió para dispensadores sólidos durante el período de exposición a la intemperie, pero su atractivo duradero (≥ 12 semanas) impidió la identificación del nivel umbral del señuelo por debajo del cual los dispensadores sólidos eran ineficaces. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos hallazgos para los programas de trampeo.
桔小实蝇(Bactrocera dorsalis, Hendel)(双翅目:绢蝇科)是一种全球性的农业害虫，危害许多重要的商业水果和蔬菜。许多国家都有诱捕计划来检测这种害虫的入侵，诱捕主要依赖甲基丁香酚，这是一种对雄性背蝇有很强吸引力的引诱剂，通常作为液体涂抹在杰克逊诱捕器内的棉花芯上。然而，这种方法耗时长，引诱物波动性大(即损失)，并有健康风险。现有的数据表明，甲基丁香酚固体分配器是一种可行的替代使用液体诱饵。基于夏威夷咖啡田的实地调查，本研究表明，用含有6毫升新鲜施用的液体甲基丁香酚的灯芯作为诱饵的陷阱和用含有相同数量甲基丁香酚的聚合物塞或晶片作为诱饵的陷阱，在12周的间隔内捕获野生背背小芽蛾雄性的差异不显着。在风化期间，还测量了固体分剂的甲基丁香酚残留量，但由于其持久的吸引力(≥12周)，无法确定固体分剂无效的阈值水平。讨论了这些发现对捕获程序的影响。恢复东方水果小实蝇，背小实蝇(双翅目:绢蝇科)，蝇蛆agrícola蝇蛆病，蝇蛆病，蝇蛆病，蝇蛆病。mucho pais mantienen下de trampeo对位detectar入侵de esta条纹y el trampeo depende en格兰medida del metil丁香酚,联合国poderoso atrayente帕洛男子气概de背的,女性总体上se aplica科莫在更年期之后,liquido una机甲de棉花这个dentro de las trampas杰克逊。在禁运期间，est - msametdo需要很多时间，甚至会产生一种不稳定(psametda)，即通过conconleva riesgos para la salud。Los datos existes indican que Los dispensadores sólidos de metil丁香酚son a alternative viable en vez del uso de señuelos líquidos。Basado en el找工作de campo de夏威夷en cafetal el现在工厂化具体diferencias没有significativas en de男子气概de las capturas b背的西尔维斯特en intervalos de 12数之间trampas cebadas初步机甲" 6毫升de metil丁香酚liquido recien aplicado y trampas cebadas初步tapon polimerico u oblea, contenia una cantidad de metil丁香酚相似。El contenido residual de metil eugenol tamamicans se midió para dispensadores sólidos durante El período de exposición a a la intertemie, pero suaractivo duradero(≥12个semanas) impidió la identificación del nivel umbral del señuelo por debajo del cual los dispensadores sólidos eran inefides。他们讨论了这些隐含的意义，他们认为这些隐含的意义是有意义的。
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J. A. Ciau-Mendoza, Ángel S. Gómez-Rivera, Karla Leticia Canto-Mis, Rahuel J. Chan-Chablé, Cassandra González-Acosta, Miguel Moreno-García, Fabián Correa-Morales, P. Mis-Ávila
Summary In Mexico, the larvicide temephos (an organophosphate) has been used widely for vector control for a number of yr. Repeated exposure to this larvicide has caused resistance in Aedes container-inhabiting larvae. In this study, the susceptibility status to temephos was evaluated in Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti larvae from 4 locales within Quintana Roo, Mexico. Aedes aegypti exhibited low-intensity phenotypic resistance in Cancún, Playa del Carmen, José María Morelos, and Chetumal. Aedes albopictus was found to be susceptible to temephos in Chetumal and Playa del Carmen, but low-intensity phenotypic resistance (tolerance) was observed in Cancún and José María Morelos. The changes in susceptibility status to temephos in both species could be caused by different degrees of exposure to this larvicide. However, more in-depth studies are required to confirm this. Sumario En México, el larvicida temefos (organofosforado) se ha utilizado ampliamente para el control de vectores durante varios años. La exposición prolongada a este compuesto ha provocado resistencia en las larvas del género Aedes. En este estudio, el estado de la susceptibilidad a temefos fue evaluado en larvas de Ae. albopictus y Ae. aegypti de cuatro comunidades de Quintana Roo, México. Aedes aegypti mostró una resistencia fenotípica de baja intensidad en Cancún, Playa del Carmen, José María Morelos, y Chetumal. Por otro lado, las poblaciones de Ae. albopictus de Chetumal y Playa del Carmen fueron susceptibles al larvicida, sin embargo, se observó resistencia fenotípica de baja intensidad en Cancún y José María Morelos. Los cambios en el estado de susceptibilidad a temefos de ambas especies puede deberse a los diferentes niveles de exposición al larvicida, sin embargo, se requiere de estudios más profundos para confirmarlo.
综上所述，在墨西哥，Temephos（一种有机磷酸盐）已被广泛用于许多年的媒介控制。反复接触这种Larvice在Aedes容器中引起了耐药性-居住的幼虫。在这项研究中，评估了墨西哥金塔纳罗4个地方的AE.Alboctitus和AE.Aegypti幼虫对Temephos的易感性状况。埃及伊蚊在坎昆、卡门海滩、何塞·玛丽亚·莫雷洛斯和切图马尔表现出低强度的表型抵抗。在Chetumal和Playa del Carmen发现白纹伊蚊容易感染temephos，但在坎昆和何塞·玛丽亚·莫雷洛斯观察到低强度的表型抵抗（耐受性）。这两个物种对特米芬的易感性状态的变化可能是由于接触这种Larvice的程度不同造成的。然而，需要进行更多的深入研究来证实这一点。在墨西哥，几年来，Temefos（有机磷）Larvicida已广泛用于病媒控制。长期接触这种化合物会导致伊蚊属幼虫产生耐药性。在这项研究中，评估了墨西哥金塔纳罗四个社区的白纹伊蚊和埃及伊蚊幼虫对Temefos的易感性状况。埃及伊蚊在坎昆、卡门海滩、何塞·玛丽亚·莫雷洛斯和切图马尔表现出低强度的表型抗性。另一方面，Chetumal和Playa del Carmen的白纹伊蚊种群对Larvicida敏感，但在坎昆和何塞·玛丽亚·莫雷洛斯观察到低强度的表型抗性。两个物种对Temefos的易感性状态的变化可能是由于接触Larvicid的程度不同，但需要进行更深入的研究来证实这一点。
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