Fett-lipid最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of a supercritical fluid extraction method for the extraction of oilseeds with the DGF standard method B‐I 5 (87)","authors":"B. Matthäus, L. Brühl","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1521-4133(199906)101:6<203::AID-LIPI203>3.0.CO;2-N","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4133(199906)101:6<203::AID-LIPI203>3.0.CO;2-N","url":null,"abstract":"Three different oilseeds, rapeseed, sunflower, and soybeans are extracted by SFE (supercritical fluid extraction). As parameter for the extraction conditions the extracts are analyzed regarding the contents of tocopherols, and as parameter for the content of more polar lipids the contents of diglycerides and free fatty acids are analyzed. The extraction temperature has a significant influence on the determined oil content, the content of tocopherols, diglycerides, and free fatty acids. With increasing temperature the oil content increases. The content of tocopherols, diglycerides, and free fatty acids increases up to 75 °C. At 100 °C the content of diglycerides and free fatty acids decreases and the content of tocopherols shows no appreciable changes. The optimal extraction conditions are described and the results of the determination of the oil content under optimal conditions are compared with the results of the DGF standard method B-I 5 (87). The oil contents investigated with both methods correspond well. The content of tocopherols is significantly higher in the oil of rapeseed and soybeans extracted by SFE, whereas the content of diglycerides and free fatty acids varied in dependence on the oilseed. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Vergleich einer SFE-Methode zur Extraktion von Olsaaten mit der DGF-Standardmethode B-I 5 (87).Drei verschiedene Olsaaten, Raps, Sonnenblumen und Soja, wurden mittels SFE (supercritical fluid extraction) extrahiert. Die gewonnenen Extrakte wurden hinsichtlich ihres Gehalts an Tocopherolen, als Parameter fur die Extraktionsbedingungen, sowie hinsichtlich des Gehalts an Diglyceriden und freien Fettsauren, als Parameter fur den Gehalt an polareren Lipiden, untersucht. Die Extraktionstemperatur hat einen signifikanten Einflus auf den Ol-gehalt und die Gehalte an Tocopherolen, Diglyceriden und freien Fettsauren. Mit steigender Temperatur nimmt der Olgehalt zu. Der Gehalt an Tocopherolen, Diglyceriden und freien Fettsauren steigt bis zu einer Temperatur von 75 °C an. Bei einer Temperatur des Extraktors von 100 °C nehmen die Gehalte an Diglyceriden und freien Fettsauren wieder ab, und der Gehalt an Tocopherolen bleibt unverandert. Die optimalen Extraktionsbedingungen werden beschrieben, und die Ergebnisse der Olgehaltsbestimmungen unter diesen Bedingungen mit den Ergebnissen der DGF-Standardmethode B-I 5 (87) verglichen. Die mit beiden Methoden ermittelten Olgehalte sind sehr gut vergleichbar. Der Tocopherolgehalt ist in den Olen aus Raps bzw. Soja signifikant hoher nach Extraktion mittels SFE, wobei die Gehalte an Diglyceriden und freien Fettsauren in Abhangigkeit von der Olsaat schwanken.","PeriodicalId":12304,"journal":{"name":"Fett-lipid","volume":"42 1","pages":"203-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74006708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of rapeseed treatment by microwave and radio-frequency application on oil extraction and oil quality. Part I : Influence on mechanical oil extraction","authors":"C. Oberndorfer, W. Lücke","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1521-4133(199905)101:5<164::AID-LIPI164>3.0.CO;2-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4133(199905)101:5<164::AID-LIPI164>3.0.CO;2-1","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of a pretreatment of rapeseed with microwaves and radio-frequency energy on the oil yield and on the oil quality was investigated. Rapeseed samples were treated in an experimental microwave applicator and in an experimental radio-frequency applicator at different temperatures. Duration of treatment and the power applied were also varied. Afterwards the samples were pressed in a laboratory screw press and the exploitation rate was calculated. Results showed that pretreatment led to an obvious increase of the exploitation rate. The important parameters for this effect are temperature of pretreatment and power applied. Time of pretreatment is of lower importance. Further investigations also showed an influence of the pretreatment on quality parameters of the oil. These results are presented in the second part of this article The Effect of Rapeseed Pretreatment by Microwave- and RF-application on Oil Extraction and Oil Quality - Part II. Influence on Oil Quality.","PeriodicalId":12304,"journal":{"name":"Fett-lipid","volume":"1 1","pages":"164-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85287619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of structured lipids by lipase-catalyzed interesterification in a packed bed reactor: effect of reaction parameters on the level of diacylglycerols in the products","authors":"H. Mu, Xuebing Xu, J. Adler-Nissen, C. Høy","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1521-4133(199905)101:5<158::AID-LIPI158>3.0.CO;2-Q","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4133(199905)101:5<158::AID-LIPI158>3.0.CO;2-Q","url":null,"abstract":"The 1,3-specificity of a lipase was utilized in lipase-catalyzed interesterification to produce specific structured lipids containing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids at the sn-2 position and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) at the primary position in a packed-bed reactor. Diacylglycerols (DAGs) are important intermediate products in the production of structured lipids, both with regard to the yields of the products and the content of the by-products, but the levels of DAGs produced in lipase-catalyzed interesterification in a continuous process are not well-known. We examined the effects of the following interesterification parameters on the level of DAGs: reaction temperature, residence time, substrate ratio, and water content. Reaction temperature was the most critical factor, with elevated reactor temperatures (particular those above 60 °C) resulting in a considerable increase in the DAG content of the products. Longer residence times increased the level of DAGs in the products, and favoured the formation of 1,3-DAGs from 1,2-DAGs by acyl migration. Increasing the molar ratio between MCFAs and oil, as well as increasing the water content in the reacting substrate mixture affected the DAG content only slightly. The DAG content in the interesterification products had positive correlation with the migration of MCFAs, implying that a high level of DAGs is an indicator for partial acylglycerols and positional isomers, both are impurities in the products. On the other hand, the content of DAGs correlated positively with the incorporation of MCFAs, suggesting that the DAGs are also important for the production of the structured lipids. Under optimized conditions (temperature, 60°C; water, 0.03%; residence time, 4 h; substrate ratio, 6:1), the level of DAGs produced in the packed-bed reactor was less than 4%, and the incorporation and migration of MCFAs were 47% and 1%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":12304,"journal":{"name":"Fett-lipid","volume":"11 1","pages":"158-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83482360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of free and esterified sterols in potential new oil seed crops by coupled on‐line liquid chromatography‐gas‐chromatography","authors":"M. Lechner, B. Reiter, E. Lorbeer","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1521-4133(199905)101:5<171::AID-LIPI171>3.0.CO;2-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4133(199905)101:5<171::AID-LIPI171>3.0.CO;2-9","url":null,"abstract":"In vegetable oil, free and esterified sterols are characteristic constituents of the unsaponifiable matter and provide rich information about the oil quality. The sterol pattern of plants discussed as potential new oil seed crops have been determined by using coupled on-line normal phase liquid chromatography-gaschromatography (LC-GC). The content and composition of free sterols as well as the concentration of sterol esters have been analyzed in seed oils of different varieties of crambe (Crambe abyssinica), meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba, L. douglasii(, cape marigold (Dimorphotheca sinuata);, lesquerella (Lesquerella fendleri);, iron weed (Vernonia galamensis, V. petitiana);, spurge (Euphorbia lagascae, E. lathyris);, and various species of cuphea (Cuphea lanceolata, C. lutea, C. paucipetala, C. viscosissima, C. wrightii);. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Bestimmung freier und veresterter Sterole in potentiellen neuen Olsaaten mittels gekoppelter Flussigkeitschromatographie-Gaschromatographie.Freie und veresterte Sterole sind charakteristische Bestandteile des Unverseifbaren und liefern wichtige Informationen uber die Qualitat von Pflanzenolen. Das Sterolmuster von Pflanzen, die als potentielle neue Olpflanzen diskutiert werden, wurde mittels gekoppelter Flussigkeitschromatographie-Gaschromatographie (LC-GC) analysiert. Der Gehalt und die Zusammensetzung der freien Sterole sowie die Konzentration der Sterolester wurden in folgenden Pflanzenarten bestimmt: Abessinischer Meerkohl (Crambe abyssinica), Sumpfschnabel (Limnanthes alba), Wiesenschaum (L. douglasii), Kapringelblume (Dimorphotheca sinuata), Blasenschotchen (Lesquerella fendleri), Vernonie (Vernonia galamensis, V. petitiana);, Wolfsmilch (Euphorbia lagascae, E. lathyris); und Kocherblumchen (Cuphea lanceolata, C. lutea, C. paucipetala, C. viscosissima, C. wrightii);.","PeriodicalId":12304,"journal":{"name":"Fett-lipid","volume":"45 1","pages":"171-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81243208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of a moderately thermoxidized dietary fat on the vitamin E status, the fatty acid composition of tissue lipids, and the susceptibility of low‐density lipoproteins to lipid peroxidation in rats","authors":"K. Eder, M. Kirchgessner","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1521-4133(199905)101:5<178::AID-LIPI178>3.0.CO;2-I","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4133(199905)101:5<178::AID-LIPI178>3.0.CO;2-I","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies demonstrated that dietary oxidized oils markedly affect the vitamin E status and alter the fatty acid composition of tissue lipids in animals. It must however be emphasized that highly oxidized oils reduce the feed intake of animals, which makes it difficult to interpret the results. Therefore, the present study used a moderately thermoxidized soybean oil (peroxide value: 75 mEq O 2 /kg), having a similar fatty acid composition as fresh soybean oil (peroxide value: 9.5mEq O 2 /kg) which was used as control. Moreover, according to a bifactorial design, two different vitamin E supplementary levels (11 vs. 511 mg at-tocopherol equivalents per kg diet) were used. The experiment was conducted with male Sprague-Dawley rats. The feeding period lasted for 40 days. In order to assess the vitamin E status, the vitamin E concentrations in plasma, liver, heart, kidney, and adipose tissue were determined. The vitamin E supply had a pronounced effect on the vitamin E concentrations of those tissues whereas the type of fat had only a slight effect. The fatty acid composition of total lipids from liver, erythrocytes, and low-density lipoproteins was also only slightly influenced by the oxidized fat. The osmotic fragility of erythrocytes was even reduced by feeding the oxidized oil. With a low vitamin E supply, the in vitro susceptibility of low-density lipoproteins to lipid peroxidation was slightly increased by feeding the oxidized oil. In contrast, with a high vitamin E supply, there was no adverse effect of the dietary oxidized oil on the susceptibility of low-density lipoproteins to lipid peroxidation. Feeding the oxidized oil, however, increased the concentrations of malondialdehyde in low-density lipoproteins suggesting an increased in vivo lipid peroxidation. Therefore, it cannot be ruled out that moderately oxidized dietary fats increase the atherogenicity of low-density lipoproteins. In contrast, a moderately oxidized oil scarcely affected the vitamin E status and the fatty acid composition of tissue lipids.","PeriodicalId":12304,"journal":{"name":"Fett-lipid","volume":"9 1","pages":"178-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85193426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of rapeseed treatment by microwave and radio-frequency application on oil extraction and oil quality. Part II: Influence on oil quality","authors":"I. Irfan, E. Pawelzik","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1521-4133(199905)101:5<168::AID-LIPI168>3.0.CO;2-M","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4133(199905)101:5<168::AID-LIPI168>3.0.CO;2-M","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of our research was to investigate the influence of microwave and radio-frequency (RF) pretreatments of rapeseed on oil quality. Oil was extracted from the seeds through mechanical pressing. Few quality parameters of the gained oil as well as special enzymatic activities of the seeds were analyzed. Microwave application at temperatures ranging from 80 to 100°C (surface temperature of the seed) reduced the acid and peroxide values in oil, whilst the intensity of the oil colour increased. On the other hand, there was no effect noted on iodine value. Thiobarbituric acid value (TBA) and lipid acid composition of oil were not affected either. The peroxidase and methylumbelliferyl-palmitic-acid-esterhydrolase (MUPase) activities in the seeds decreased, which is very important in relation to the storability and the later processing of seeds or oils. The advantage of radio frequency (RF) compared to microwaves in this research was that no burning aroma was emitted by treating rapeseeds at 120°C so that the oil yield of the seeds by pressing could be further improved. Despite this high temperature, some parameters of oil quality (acid, peroxide, and TBA values) of treated seeds have not so much changed in general in comparison to untreated control. Like microwaves, RF-waves did not affect lipid acid composition of the oil.","PeriodicalId":12304,"journal":{"name":"Fett-lipid","volume":"18 1","pages":"168-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74345258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The free fatty acid content of fish oil, part V. The effect of microbial contamination on the increase in free fatty acid content of fish oils during storage at 25°C","authors":"A. J. Koning","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1521-4133(199905)101:5<184::AID-LIPI184>3.0.CO;2-U","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4133(199905)101:5<184::AID-LIPI184>3.0.CO;2-U","url":null,"abstract":"In this report evidence is presented that the rapid rise in the free fatty acid (FFA) content of fish oils during storage is due to contamination of the oils by bacteria belonging to the genus Alcaligenes. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Der Gehalt an freien Fettsauren im Fischol. Teil V. Der Einflus einer Kontamination durch Mikroorganismen auf die Zunahme des Gehalts an freien Fettsauren wahrend der Lagerung bei 25°C.In der vorgliegenden Arbeit wird gezeigt, das der starke Anstieg der freien Fettsauren wahrend der Lagerung von Fischolen eine Folge der Verunreinigung durch Bakterien der Gattung Alcaligenes ist.","PeriodicalId":12304,"journal":{"name":"Fett-lipid","volume":"48 1","pages":"184-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89108625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative determination of tocopherols in single seeds of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)","authors":"F. Goffman, L. Velasco, W. Thies","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1521-4133(199904)101:4<142::AID-LIPI142>3.0.CO;2-J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4133(199904)101:4<142::AID-LIPI142>3.0.CO;2-J","url":null,"abstract":"A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to determine tocopherols in single seeds of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Single seeds were extracted with isooctane, centrifuged, and the overlayer extract injected into the HPLC instrument without further purification. Separation was performed on a diol-column (250 mm × 3 mm I.D.) using a mobile phase consisting of 94% isooctane and 6% tert-butyl methyl ether. Quantification of individual tocopherols was done by fluorescence detection and with β-tocopherol as internal standard. The standard error (SE) of the present method for total tocopherol content, as determined with 30 ground samples of Samourai (mean = 304 mg kg -1 dry seed) and 20 ground samples of Lirabon (mean = 350 mg kg -1 dry seed), was 9.5 mg tocopherol/kg dry seed. The SEs of the method for the determination of α- and γ-tocopherol percentages were 1.2% and 1.3%, respectively. The low SE values indicate that the method can be effectively used to detect small differences for tocopherol content and composition in studies requiring the analysis of reduced amounts of plant material. In particular, the comparison between the SE of the method and the SD of single seeds within individual plants of Samourai (36.8 mg kg -1 dry seed) and Lirabon (37.6 mg kg -1 dry seed) shows the potential of the present method for the detection of the tocopherol content within plant differences.","PeriodicalId":12304,"journal":{"name":"Fett-lipid","volume":"83 1","pages":"142-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73962069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigations on physical refining of animal fats and vegetable oils","authors":"M. Drescher, S. Peter, E. Weidner","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1521-4133(199904)101:4<138::AID-LIPI138>3.0.CO;2-#","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4133(199904)101:4<138::AID-LIPI138>3.0.CO;2-#","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohols, polyethyleneglycols, supercritical fluids, and some of their mixtures have been investigated as to their usefulness to purify animal fats and vegetable oils by extraction. The main impurities are free fatty acids. Phase equilibrium was measured as function of temperature and pressure. As primary substances abattoir fat and palm oil were used. Carbon dioxide, dimethylether, and mixtures thereof, likewise methanol and ethanol were tested as extractants for free fatty acids by counter-current extraction in a pilot plant including a high-pressure column and by cross-flow extraction on laboratory scale. With experiments and process simulations including the recovery of the extractants the deacidification of animal fats and vegetable oils was found to be possible. Polyethyleneglycols extract carotenes together with free fatty acids. With the physical refining methods investigated, the formation of waste materials was avoided. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Untersuchungen zur physikalischen Raffination tierischer Fette und pflanzlicher Ole. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Alkohole, Polyethylenglykole, uberkritische Fluide und einige ihrer Mischungen wurden in Hinsicht auf ihre Eignung zur extraktiven Reinigung von tierischen und pflanzlichen Olen und Fetten untersucht. Die wesentlichen Verunreinigungen sind freie Fettsauren. Die entsprechenden Phasengleichgewichte wurden als Funktion von Temperatur und Druck gemessen. Als Ausgangssubstanzen dienten Schlachtfett und Palmol. Kohlendioxid, Dimethylether und ihre Gemische sowie Methanol und Ethanol wurden als Extraktionsmittel fur freie Fettsauren mit Hilfe einer Gegenstromextraktion in einer Pilotanlage mit einer Hochdruckkolonne getestet und mit Hilfe einer Kreuzstromextraktion im Labormasstab. An Hand von Experimenten und Prozessimulationen, die auch die Entfernung der Losemittel aus Raffinat und Extrakt umfassen, wurde gefunden, das die Entsauerung von tierischen und pflanzlichen Fetten und Olen moglich ist. Polyethylenglycole extrahieren neben den Fettsauren auch die Carotine. Die Entstehung von Abfallstoffen wird bei den untersuchten Verfahrensweisen vermieden.","PeriodicalId":12304,"journal":{"name":"Fett-lipid","volume":"2 1","pages":"138-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88839003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What else besides commodity oils and fats","authors":"F. Gunstone","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1521-4133(199904)101:4<124::AID-LIPI124>3.0.CO;2-J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4133(199904)101:4<124::AID-LIPI124>3.0.CO;2-J","url":null,"abstract":"For over 40 years Oil World publications of Hamburg have provided business data on 17 commercial oils. These include 4 animal fats and 13 vegetable oils from 12 species. But natural oils are seldom optimum for their ultimate human use. This review refers briefly to the technological methods of modifying lipids and describes in more detail five biological procedures by which a wider range of lipids is being developed. These include the domestication of wild crops, the modification of existing crops by seed breeding and by genetic modification, the use of microbial lipids particularly as a source of PUFA, and the modification of triacylglycerol composition by lipase-mediated reaction.","PeriodicalId":12304,"journal":{"name":"Fett-lipid","volume":"54 5 1","pages":"124-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77787771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}