Pub Date : 2016-08-31DOI: 10.4172/2167-7972.1000E123
S. Poopathi, K. Murugan, J. Selvakumari, C. Mani, P. Bala, de Britto Rlj, S. Pattnaik, Santhosh Goud, K. Prabakaran
Poopathi S1*, Murugan K2, Selvakumari J1, Mani C1, Bala P1, de Britto RLJ1, Pattnaik S3, Santhosh Goud3 and Prabakaran K4 1Vector Control Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), Indira Nagar, Puducherry, India 2Vice-Chancellor, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India 3Post-graduate Department of Zoology, Berhampur University, Berhampur, Odisha, India 4Department of Zoology, Kanchi Mamunivar Centre for Postgraduate Studies (Autonomous), Lawspet, Puducherry, India
{"title":"Production of Microbial Bio-Pesticides from Waste Disposal of Chicken Feathers","authors":"S. Poopathi, K. Murugan, J. Selvakumari, C. Mani, P. Bala, de Britto Rlj, S. Pattnaik, Santhosh Goud, K. Prabakaran","doi":"10.4172/2167-7972.1000E123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7972.1000E123","url":null,"abstract":"Poopathi S1*, Murugan K2, Selvakumari J1, Mani C1, Bala P1, de Britto RLJ1, Pattnaik S3, Santhosh Goud3 and Prabakaran K4 1Vector Control Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), Indira Nagar, Puducherry, India 2Vice-Chancellor, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India 3Post-graduate Department of Zoology, Berhampur University, Berhampur, Odisha, India 4Department of Zoology, Kanchi Mamunivar Centre for Postgraduate Studies (Autonomous), Lawspet, Puducherry, India","PeriodicalId":12351,"journal":{"name":"Fermentation Technology","volume":"235 ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91465089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-20DOI: 10.4172/2167-7972.1000130
B. Lakshmi, K. Hemalatha
An alkaline protease producing bacterial strain Bacillus licheniformis (MTCC NO. 7053), which was obtained from IMTECH, Chandigarh used for protease production studies. Three significant variables effecting protease production like rice husk (variable 1); inoculum size (variable 2); KNO3 (variable 3) have been identified under preliminary optimization studies. These variables are selected for alkaline protease production in current study. By using these eloquent variables, the basal media was subjected to statistical optimization using response surface methodology. The superlative growth media components and bacterial growth conditions for ultimate protease production were as follows: rice husk (3%); inoculum size (2%); KNO3 (0.75%); salt solution, 5% (v/v)-{(MgSO4.7H2O, 0.5% (w/v); KH2PO4 0.5% (w/v)}; and FeSO4.7H2O, 0.01% (w/v) at 37°C and 160 rpm for 72 h production. The alakaline protease activity was notably increased with statistically optimized medium (185.4 ± 0.23 U/ml) when compared to unoptimized basal medium (132 ± 0.76 U/ml). This shows that model was satisfactory and also indicates the adequacy of the model.
一种产生碱性蛋白酶的地衣芽孢杆菌菌株。7053)，从昌迪加尔IMTECH公司获得，用于蛋白酶生产研究。影响稻壳等蛋白酶生产的三个重要变量(变量1);接种物大小(可变2);在初步优化研究中确定了KNO3(变量3)。在目前的研究中，这些变量被选择用于碱性蛋白酶的生产。通过使用这些有说服力的变量，使用响应面法对基础介质进行统计优化。最终产生蛋白酶的最佳培养基成分和细菌生长条件为:稻壳(3%);接种量(2%);硝酸钾(0.75%);盐溶液,5% (v / v) - {(MgSO4.7H2O, 0.5% (w / v);KH2PO4 0.5% (w/v)};FeSO4.7H2O, 0.01% (w/v)， 37°C, 160 rpm, 72小时生产。与未优化的基础培养基(132±0.76 U/ml)相比，优化培养基的碱性蛋白酶活性(185.4±0.23 U/ml)显著提高。这表明模型是令人满意的，也表明了模型的充分性。
{"title":"Production of Alkaline Protease from Bacillus licheniformis through Statistical Optimization of Growth Media by Response Surface Methodology","authors":"B. Lakshmi, K. Hemalatha","doi":"10.4172/2167-7972.1000130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7972.1000130","url":null,"abstract":"An alkaline protease producing bacterial strain Bacillus licheniformis (MTCC NO. 7053), which was obtained from IMTECH, Chandigarh used for protease production studies. Three significant variables effecting protease production like rice husk (variable 1); inoculum size (variable 2); KNO3 (variable 3) have been identified under preliminary optimization studies. These variables are selected for alkaline protease production in current study. By using these eloquent variables, the basal media was subjected to statistical optimization using response surface methodology. The superlative growth media components and bacterial growth conditions for ultimate protease production were as follows: rice husk (3%); inoculum size (2%); KNO3 (0.75%); salt solution, 5% (v/v)-{(MgSO4.7H2O, 0.5% (w/v); KH2PO4 0.5% (w/v)}; and FeSO4.7H2O, 0.01% (w/v) at 37°C and 160 rpm for 72 h production. The alakaline protease activity was notably increased with statistically optimized medium (185.4 ± 0.23 U/ml) when compared to unoptimized basal medium (132 ± 0.76 U/ml). This shows that model was satisfactory and also indicates the adequacy of the model.","PeriodicalId":12351,"journal":{"name":"Fermentation Technology","volume":"119 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83992382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-05DOI: 10.4172/2167-7972.1000129
M. Matsumoto, M. Nishimura, Hiroaki Kobayashi, Kazuo Kondo
Lactic acid production by fermentation has attracted interest because optically pure lactic acid is the raw material of biodegradable polymer, polylactic acid, which has been mainly used in food packing. In situ extractive fermentation of lactic acid with reactive extraction has two critical problems: the toxicity of diluents and extractant and the difference in the optimum pH between fermentation and reactive extraction. In this study, the extractive fermentation was conducted with alcohol-tolerant Hiochi bacteria, Lactobacillus homohiochii and Lactobacillus fructivorans, using the co-encapsulation of the bacteria and calcium carbonate to depress the decrease in pH in the capsules. L. fructivorans NRIC0224 and 1-decanol were selected as the Hiochi bacterium and the diluent, respectively, based on the tolerance of aliphatic alcohol and extractability. We found that the presence of powdered CaCO3 in the medium considerably alleviated the toxicity of tri-n-octylamine (TOA) and that the components in the medium, yeast extract and peptone, affected the extraction of lactic acid with TOA in 1-decanol. Then, we co-immobilized both L. fructivorans NRIC0224 cells and CaCO3 into Ca-alginate capsules and constructed an in situ extractive fermentation system using TOA and the Ca-alginate capsules. This system operated successfully, and the yield and productivity were improved over those of control fermentation.
{"title":"Extractive Fermentation of Lactic Acid with Hiochi Bacteria in a Two-Liquid Phase System","authors":"M. Matsumoto, M. Nishimura, Hiroaki Kobayashi, Kazuo Kondo","doi":"10.4172/2167-7972.1000129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7972.1000129","url":null,"abstract":"Lactic acid production by fermentation has attracted interest because optically pure lactic acid is the raw material of biodegradable polymer, polylactic acid, which has been mainly used in food packing. In situ extractive fermentation of lactic acid with reactive extraction has two critical problems: the toxicity of diluents and extractant and the difference in the optimum pH between fermentation and reactive extraction. In this study, the extractive fermentation was conducted with alcohol-tolerant Hiochi bacteria, Lactobacillus homohiochii and Lactobacillus fructivorans, using the co-encapsulation of the bacteria and calcium carbonate to depress the decrease in pH in the capsules. L. fructivorans NRIC0224 and 1-decanol were selected as the Hiochi bacterium and the diluent, respectively, based on the tolerance of aliphatic alcohol and extractability. We found that the presence of powdered CaCO3 in the medium considerably alleviated the toxicity of tri-n-octylamine (TOA) and that the components in the medium, yeast extract and peptone, affected the extraction of lactic acid with TOA in 1-decanol. Then, we co-immobilized both L. fructivorans NRIC0224 cells and CaCO3 into Ca-alginate capsules and constructed an in situ extractive fermentation system using TOA and the Ca-alginate capsules. This system operated successfully, and the yield and productivity were improved over those of control fermentation.","PeriodicalId":12351,"journal":{"name":"Fermentation Technology","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78296425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-31DOI: 10.4172/2167-7972.1000128
S. Kamanin, V. A. Arlyapov, V. A. Alferov, A. Reshetilov
Screen-printed electrodes modified by glucose oxidase, alcohol oxidase, lactate oxidase and γ-amylase immobilized into cross linked bovine serum albumin gel were produced for application in monitoring fermentation processes. The analytical and metrological characteristics of biosensors based on the developed electrodes were determined. Samples of fermentation mass and alcohol products were assayed. Statistical analysis of the results showed the values of glucose, ethanol, lactate and starch contents, determined using the developed multi-channel system and by reference methods, to differ insignificantly.
{"title":"Enzyme-Modified Screen-Printed Electrodes for Assaying Glucose, Ethanol, Lactate and Starch in Fermentation Media","authors":"S. Kamanin, V. A. Arlyapov, V. A. Alferov, A. Reshetilov","doi":"10.4172/2167-7972.1000128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7972.1000128","url":null,"abstract":"Screen-printed electrodes modified by glucose oxidase, alcohol oxidase, lactate oxidase and γ-amylase immobilized into cross linked bovine serum albumin gel were produced for application in monitoring fermentation processes. The analytical and metrological characteristics of biosensors based on the developed electrodes were determined. Samples of fermentation mass and alcohol products were assayed. Statistical analysis of the results showed the values of glucose, ethanol, lactate and starch contents, determined using the developed multi-channel system and by reference methods, to differ insignificantly.","PeriodicalId":12351,"journal":{"name":"Fermentation Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79787646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-05DOI: 10.4172/2167-7972.1000127
S. Banerjee, K. Ghosh
Cellulose and hemicellulose (xylan) are the most common Non-Starch Polysaccharides (NSPs) present in plant ingredients that exhibit anti-nutritional effect. Degradation of cellulose and xylan has been investigated under solidstate fermentation (SSF) using oil-cakes, viz., groundnut oil-cake (GOC), mustard oil-cake (MOC), sunflower oilcake (SOC), sesame oil-cake (SeOC) and linseed oil-cake (LOC) as substrates. Finally LOC was considered in the present study as it contained maximum amount of cellulose (17.51 ± 0.87 g 100 g-1) and xylan (13.02 ± 0.66 g 100 g-1). Bio-processing of LOC was carried out through SSF in two different combinations utilizing efficient cellulaseand xylanase-producing strains, Bacillus pumilus KF640221 (Set-I) and Bacillus tequilensis KF640219 (Set-II), isolated previously from the proximal intestines of rohu, Labeo rohita and silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, respectively. Analysis of the fermentation sets revealed that B. pumilus KF640221 in Set-I was most effective in reducing the cellulose and xylan contents of LOC. Besides, SSF under optimized conditions caused considerable increase in crude protein, crude lipid, total free amino acids and total free fatty acids along with reduction in the contents of other anti-nutritional factors, e.g., crude fiber, tannins, phytic acid and trypsin inhibitor. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of raw and fermented LOC of Set-I indicated that concentrations of methionine, histidine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, threonine were increased considerably. Further research is inevitable to explore the possibilities for utilization of SSF-processed LOC to set up a strategy for sustainable utilization of low cost oil-cakes as animal feed ingredients.
纤维素和半纤维素(木聚糖)是植物成分中最常见的非淀粉多糖(NSPs)，具有抗营养作用。以花生油饼(GOC)、芥菜油饼(MOC)、葵花籽油饼(SOC)、芝麻油饼(SeOC)和亚麻籽油饼(LOC)为底物，研究了固体发酵(SSF)对纤维素和木聚糖的降解。最后考虑LOC中纤维素(17.51±0.87 g 100 g-1)和木聚糖(13.02±0.66 g 100 g-1)的最大含量。利用高效纤维素和木聚糖酶产菌——矮芽孢杆菌KF640221 (Set-I)和龙舌兰芽孢杆菌KF640219 (Set-II)，分别从罗虎、罗希塔Labeo rohita和鲢鱼Hypophthalmichthys molitrix近肠中分离得到，通过SSF以两种不同组合对LOC进行生物处理。对发酵组的分析表明，1组中矮螺旋藻KF640221对LOC中纤维素和木聚糖含量的降低效果最好。此外，优化条件下的SSF使粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、总游离氨基酸和总游离脂肪酸含量显著增加，粗纤维、单宁、植酸和胰蛋白酶抑制剂等其他抗营养因子含量降低。对set - 1发酵后的LOC进行高效液相色谱分析，发现其蛋氨酸、组氨酸、色氨酸、苯丙氨酸、苏氨酸的浓度显著升高。探索利用ssf加工的LOC的可能性，建立低成本油饼作为动物饲料原料的可持续利用策略，是不可避免的。
{"title":"Bio-processing of Linseed Oil-Cake through Solid State Fermentation by Non-Starch Polysaccharide Degrading Fish Gut Bacteria","authors":"S. Banerjee, K. Ghosh","doi":"10.4172/2167-7972.1000127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7972.1000127","url":null,"abstract":"Cellulose and hemicellulose (xylan) are the most common Non-Starch Polysaccharides (NSPs) present in plant ingredients that exhibit anti-nutritional effect. Degradation of cellulose and xylan has been investigated under solidstate fermentation (SSF) using oil-cakes, viz., groundnut oil-cake (GOC), mustard oil-cake (MOC), sunflower oilcake (SOC), sesame oil-cake (SeOC) and linseed oil-cake (LOC) as substrates. Finally LOC was considered in the present study as it contained maximum amount of cellulose (17.51 ± 0.87 g 100 g-1) and xylan (13.02 ± 0.66 g 100 g-1). Bio-processing of LOC was carried out through SSF in two different combinations utilizing efficient cellulaseand xylanase-producing strains, Bacillus pumilus KF640221 (Set-I) and Bacillus tequilensis KF640219 (Set-II), isolated previously from the proximal intestines of rohu, Labeo rohita and silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, respectively. Analysis of the fermentation sets revealed that B. pumilus KF640221 in Set-I was most effective in reducing the cellulose and xylan contents of LOC. Besides, SSF under optimized conditions caused considerable increase in crude protein, crude lipid, total free amino acids and total free fatty acids along with reduction in the contents of other anti-nutritional factors, e.g., crude fiber, tannins, phytic acid and trypsin inhibitor. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of raw and fermented LOC of Set-I indicated that concentrations of methionine, histidine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, threonine were increased considerably. Further research is inevitable to explore the possibilities for utilization of SSF-processed LOC to set up a strategy for sustainable utilization of low cost oil-cakes as animal feed ingredients.","PeriodicalId":12351,"journal":{"name":"Fermentation Technology","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89310368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-29DOI: 10.4172/2167-7972.1000126
Lu Yong, Haowei Lu, Chuqiao Wang, Duan Wenjun, Siyu Wang
It is a key energy policy in China that developing biogas technology is to crack energy short problem in its rural areas. A pilot water thermal storage tank with phase change material insulation closure was developed to collect the daily solar energy for satisfying the heat loading required by biogas fermentation tank which should keep at about 35°C optimum efficient fermentation temperature in each winter day. The thermal performance of the water thermal storage tank was investigated under the different typical local winter air temperatures of 10°C, 5°C and 0°C. Both the numerical and experimental data demonstrate that the phase change material paraffin layer improves the thermal storage time of the tank effectively. This suggests that the proposed water thermal storage tank with phase change material insulation closure could be a promising heat storage device utilized towards solar-biogas hybrid system in rural regions of the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river.
{"title":"Experimental Study of a Thermal Storage Technique with Phase Change Material Closure for Solar-Biogas Hybrid Fermentation System","authors":"Lu Yong, Haowei Lu, Chuqiao Wang, Duan Wenjun, Siyu Wang","doi":"10.4172/2167-7972.1000126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7972.1000126","url":null,"abstract":"It is a key energy policy in China that developing biogas technology is to crack energy short problem in its rural areas. A pilot water thermal storage tank with phase change material insulation closure was developed to collect the daily solar energy for satisfying the heat loading required by biogas fermentation tank which should keep at about 35°C optimum efficient fermentation temperature in each winter day. The thermal performance of the water thermal storage tank was investigated under the different typical local winter air temperatures of 10°C, 5°C and 0°C. Both the numerical and experimental data demonstrate that the phase change material paraffin layer improves the thermal storage time of the tank effectively. This suggests that the proposed water thermal storage tank with phase change material insulation closure could be a promising heat storage device utilized towards solar-biogas hybrid system in rural regions of the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river.","PeriodicalId":12351,"journal":{"name":"Fermentation Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74700421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-25DOI: 10.4172/2167-7972.1000125
D. Koulougliotis, E. Eriotou
The composition of the endogenous yeast population present in grapes and must solids of Mavrodafni kefalonias was studied and the alcohol tolerance of each strain was determined. The most frequently encountered species on the grapes were Rhodotorula glutinis, Candida lusitiniae, Cryptococcus laurentii, Candida famata and Kloeckera species with frequencies 28.6%, 19%, 13.9%, 12.6% and 9.1% respectively. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the sole species detected in must solids. The most alcohol tolerant non-Saccharomyces yeast species found were Candida guilliermodii and Kloeckera species with some strains (3 and 16 respectively) tolerating up to 10% v/v ethyl alcohol. S. cerevisiae strains were found to tolerate up to 17% v/v alcohol. Mavrodafni kefalonias red wine was produced in small scale vinifications from fifteen highly alcohol tolerant strains. The antioxidant activity of the must material and the fifteen wine samples was determined via measurement of their ability to scavenge the DPPH (2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical. All wine samples showed similar radical scavenging capacity with an average value of (6.9 ± 0.3) mmol Trolox/L while the must material showed increased antioxidant activity by ca 60%. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the endogenous yeast flora of the Mavrodafni kefalonias grape variety and the antioxidant activity of the corresponding red wine and must.
{"title":"Isolation and Identification of Endogenous Yeast Strains in Grapes and Must Solids of Mavrodafni kefalonias and Antioxidant Activity of the Produced Red Wine","authors":"D. Koulougliotis, E. Eriotou","doi":"10.4172/2167-7972.1000125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7972.1000125","url":null,"abstract":"The composition of the endogenous yeast population present in grapes and must solids of Mavrodafni kefalonias was studied and the alcohol tolerance of each strain was determined. The most frequently encountered species on the grapes were Rhodotorula glutinis, Candida lusitiniae, Cryptococcus laurentii, Candida famata and Kloeckera species with frequencies 28.6%, 19%, 13.9%, 12.6% and 9.1% respectively. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the sole species detected in must solids. The most alcohol tolerant non-Saccharomyces yeast species found were Candida guilliermodii and Kloeckera species with some strains (3 and 16 respectively) tolerating up to 10% v/v ethyl alcohol. S. cerevisiae strains were found to tolerate up to 17% v/v alcohol. Mavrodafni kefalonias red wine was produced in small scale vinifications from fifteen highly alcohol tolerant strains. The antioxidant activity of the must material and the fifteen wine samples was determined via measurement of their ability to scavenge the DPPH (2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical. All wine samples showed similar radical scavenging capacity with an average value of (6.9 ± 0.3) mmol Trolox/L while the must material showed increased antioxidant activity by ca 60%. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the endogenous yeast flora of the Mavrodafni kefalonias grape variety and the antioxidant activity of the corresponding red wine and must.","PeriodicalId":12351,"journal":{"name":"Fermentation Technology","volume":"68 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82051647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-7972.1000141
Okwuenu Pc, Agbo Ku, A. L. Ezugwu, S. Eze, F. Chilaka
This study investigates the production of glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger in a submerged fermentation process using amylopectin fractionated from guinea corn starch as the carbon source. This work also studies the effect of a few metal ions (Ca2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Fe2+, Mn2+ and Pb2+) concentration on the glucoamylase activity. A Fourteen day experimental study was carried out to determine the day of highest glucoamylase activity. Maximum glucoamylase activity was observed on day five of the submerged fermentation; hence, day five was mass produced. The specific activity for the crude enzyme was found to be 729.45 U/mg. The crude enzyme was purified to the level of gel filtration (using sephadex G-100) via ammonium sulphate precipitation. Ammonium sulphate saturation of 70% was found suitable to precipitate the enzyme. After ammonium sulphate precipitation and gel filtration, the specific activities were found to be 65.98 U/mg and 180.52 U/mg respectively. The glucoamylase activity was enhanced by 2 mM to 5 mM of Ca2+, Co2+, Fe2+, Mn2+and Zn2+ but Pb2+ had inhibitory effect on the enzyme. The Michaelis constant, Km and maximum velocity Vmax of the enzyme was obtained from the Lineweaver-Burk plot of initial velocity data at different substrate concentrations. They were found to be 770.75 mg/ml and 2500 μmol/min respectively, when using cassava starch as substrate. The enzyme glucoamylase is known to have useful applications in food processing industries and fermentation biotechnology
{"title":"Effect of Divalent Metal Ions on Glucoamylase Activity of Glucoamylase Isolated from Aspergillus niger","authors":"Okwuenu Pc, Agbo Ku, A. L. Ezugwu, S. Eze, F. Chilaka","doi":"10.4172/2167-7972.1000141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7972.1000141","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the production of glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger in a submerged fermentation process using amylopectin fractionated from guinea corn starch as the carbon source. This work also studies the effect of a few metal ions (Ca2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Fe2+, Mn2+ and Pb2+) concentration on the glucoamylase activity. A Fourteen day experimental study was carried out to determine the day of highest glucoamylase activity. Maximum glucoamylase activity was observed on day five of the submerged fermentation; hence, day five was mass produced. The specific activity for the crude enzyme was found to be 729.45 U/mg. The crude enzyme was purified to the level of gel filtration (using sephadex G-100) via ammonium sulphate precipitation. Ammonium sulphate saturation of 70% was found suitable to precipitate the enzyme. After ammonium sulphate precipitation and gel filtration, the specific activities were found to be 65.98 U/mg and 180.52 U/mg respectively. The glucoamylase activity was enhanced by 2 mM to 5 mM of Ca2+, Co2+, Fe2+, Mn2+and Zn2+ but Pb2+ had inhibitory effect on the enzyme. The Michaelis constant, Km and maximum velocity Vmax of the enzyme was obtained from the Lineweaver-Burk plot of initial velocity data at different substrate concentrations. They were found to be 770.75 mg/ml and 2500 μmol/min respectively, when using cassava starch as substrate. The enzyme glucoamylase is known to have useful applications in food processing industries and fermentation biotechnology","PeriodicalId":12351,"journal":{"name":"Fermentation Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78565552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-7972.1000140
K. Okamoto, M. Yoneda, Touko Fumioka
A white rot basidomycete identified as Peniophora sp. produced ethanol from glucose, mannose, cellobiose, and maltose with yields ranging from 0.37 to 0.41 g-1 ethanol consumed sugar. Peniophora sp. was also capable of directly fermenting various types of starches, including soluble, corn, potato, and wheat starches, at a yield of 0.39 to 0.41 g-1 ethanol added starch. The fungus also directly converted untreated kitchen waste to ethanol at 73% of the theoretical yield in the absence of externally added enzymes or nitrogen. Our findings indicate that Peniophora sp. efficiently hydrolyzes biomass to fermentable sugars, which are then directly converted to ethanol. The metabolic properties of this fungus may permit cost-effective and environmental friendly bioethanol production from various starting materials, including kitchen waste.
{"title":"Isolation of a Peniophora Strain Capable of Producing Ethanol from Starch and Kitchen Waste","authors":"K. Okamoto, M. Yoneda, Touko Fumioka","doi":"10.4172/2167-7972.1000140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7972.1000140","url":null,"abstract":"A white rot basidomycete identified as Peniophora sp. produced ethanol from glucose, mannose, cellobiose, and maltose with yields ranging from 0.37 to 0.41 g-1 ethanol consumed sugar. Peniophora sp. was also capable of directly fermenting various types of starches, including soluble, corn, potato, and wheat starches, at a yield of 0.39 to 0.41 g-1 ethanol added starch. The fungus also directly converted untreated kitchen waste to ethanol at 73% of the theoretical yield in the absence of externally added enzymes or nitrogen. Our findings indicate that Peniophora sp. efficiently hydrolyzes biomass to fermentable sugars, which are then directly converted to ethanol. The metabolic properties of this fungus may permit cost-effective and environmental friendly bioethanol production from various starting materials, including kitchen waste.","PeriodicalId":12351,"journal":{"name":"Fermentation Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89571098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-09DOI: 10.4172/2167-7972.1000124
P. Postemsky
Grifola gargal Singer and Grifola sordulenta Mont. (Singer) are two edible and medicinal mushroom species which occur in the Andino- Patagonian forests of Argentina and Chile. These woods that mainly consist of Nothofagus spp. are under increasing pressure with the consequent need of finding alternative sources for these mushrooms rather than gathering them. The main interest in these species is their culinary properties, which include a characteristic almond flavor present in the basidiomes, mycelium from submerged culture and solid-state fermented substrates, as well as the closely related Grifola frondosa , a well-known medicinal mushroom. In recent years G. gargal and G. sordulenta have been studied for both their medicinal properties and culture conditions by researchers from Argentina, Chile, Japan and USA. However, neither industrial application nor commercial production has been undertaken. In this situation, a relevant role for fermentation technologies to develop possible future products from these wild-grown mushrooms is emphasized. Indeed, biotransformed wheat grains obtained through solid-state fermentation showed antioxidant and antigenotoxic activities which were comparable with those recorded from mycelium and basidiomes. The article comments on the up-to-date findings and state of research of these novel species, emphasizing some future research topics.
{"title":"Grifola gargal and G. sordulenta, Two Wild Edible Mushrooms with Perspectives as Biotech Products","authors":"P. Postemsky","doi":"10.4172/2167-7972.1000124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7972.1000124","url":null,"abstract":"Grifola gargal Singer and Grifola sordulenta Mont. (Singer) are two edible and medicinal mushroom species which occur in the Andino- Patagonian forests of Argentina and Chile. These woods that mainly consist of Nothofagus spp. are under increasing pressure with the consequent need of finding alternative sources for these mushrooms rather than gathering them. The main interest in these species is their culinary properties, which include a characteristic almond flavor present in the basidiomes, mycelium from submerged culture and solid-state fermented substrates, as well as the closely related Grifola frondosa , a well-known medicinal mushroom. In recent years G. gargal and G. sordulenta have been studied for both their medicinal properties and culture conditions by researchers from Argentina, Chile, Japan and USA. However, neither industrial application nor commercial production has been undertaken. In this situation, a relevant role for fermentation technologies to develop possible future products from these wild-grown mushrooms is emphasized. Indeed, biotransformed wheat grains obtained through solid-state fermentation showed antioxidant and antigenotoxic activities which were comparable with those recorded from mycelium and basidiomes. The article comments on the up-to-date findings and state of research of these novel species, emphasizing some future research topics.","PeriodicalId":12351,"journal":{"name":"Fermentation Technology","volume":"59 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84002185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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