Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.46493/2663-2675.31(6).2021.39-40
Lutsyshyn Halyna
Публічна історія, публічна політика, публічна дипломатія тощо – стали брендами ХХІ століття і поступово охоплюють всі ніші нашого життя, зокрема і освітянської сфери. Про публічну історію та публічну політику, роль історії в політиці йдеться в монографії доктора політичних наук, професора Людмили Д. Чекаленко. Прочитавши книгу розумієш, що саме такою має бути публічна історія: відкрита, відверта, конкретна; про справжніх, а не придуманих, сьогоденних учасників життєвого процесу. На наше переконання, саме так необхідно подавати подібну інформацію, щоби читач бачив і відчував таких же людей, не придуманих і не давніх, не занадто гіперболізованих героїв, а тих, хто сьогодні і зараз живе поруч, долає подібні проблеми, створює себе, опікується знайомими питаннями і живе в цьому ж середовищі, де і ти. Саме так – яскраво і неупереджено треба викладати події, що вирують навколо нас. А ці події – з тобою і про тебе, про будинок, де живеш, вулицю, місто, країну, світ. Саме так необхідно ділитися спогадами, враженнями, врешті пам’яттю, практичними навичками
{"title":"Рецензія на наукову монографію Людмили Дмитрівни Чекаленко «Публічна історія: виклики ХХІ століття»","authors":"Lutsyshyn Halyna","doi":"10.46493/2663-2675.31(6).2021.39-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46493/2663-2675.31(6).2021.39-40","url":null,"abstract":"Публічна історія, публічна політика, публічна дипломатія тощо – стали брендами ХХІ століття і поступово охоплюють всі ніші нашого життя, зокрема і освітянської сфери. Про публічну історію та публічну політику, роль історії в політиці йдеться в монографії доктора політичних наук, професора Людмили Д. Чекаленко. Прочитавши книгу розумієш, що саме такою має бути публічна історія: відкрита, відверта, конкретна; про справжніх, а не придуманих, сьогоденних учасників життєвого процесу. На наше переконання, саме так необхідно подавати подібну інформацію, щоби читач бачив і відчував таких же людей, не придуманих і не давніх, не занадто гіперболізованих героїв, а тих, хто сьогодні і зараз живе поруч, долає подібні проблеми, створює себе, опікується знайомими питаннями і живе в цьому ж середовищі, де і ти. Саме так – яскраво і неупереджено треба викладати події, що вирують навколо нас. А ці події – з тобою і про тебе, про будинок, де живеш, вулицю, місто, країну, світ. Саме так необхідно ділитися спогадами, враженнями, врешті пам’яттю, практичними навичками","PeriodicalId":12371,"journal":{"name":"Foreign Affairs","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70547413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.46493/2663-2675-2021-3-4-4
O. Zernetska, Victoriia Droniv
Transport plays a vital role in the development of state of Australia. Transport can be compared with arteries of different industries of different types of economy. This infrastructure is especially important for Australia which has a great territory and low density of its population. That’s why the development of transport despite the remoteness of the continent from the Old World went parallel but sometimes even ahead of Europe. For the first time in Ukrainian science, an attempt has been made to investigate at the interdisciplinary level the formation of Australian state with the help of transport. Events are presented in chronological order because the very history of the discovery of the continent began from sailboats. Sailboat transport at the time of the discovery of Australia and the transportation of the first convicts, their supervising soldiers and administration together with free settlers from The Great Britain arrived on sailboats. The use of sailboats in transport along the coast of Australia is also clarified as well as hunting for whales, the future visits to the Pacific Islands and transportation from there valuable species of wood. The transition to steam shipping and later to motor shipping is distinguished, subsequently to motor shipping, innovative port changes of the coast of Australia for better floating and for better placement of cargo on steamers and their uploading taking into account the cost of human labour, of appropriate mechanisms and devices. Features of Australian river navigation are also considered. The development of land transport is studied. It is proved that the development of rail transport in the XIX st. became an important link in the transport system of Australia. Its advantages and obstacles which for many years stood in the way of development are allocated. The problems of different gauge in each Australian state are analysed and the difficulties of overcoming them are emphasized. Road transport and road construction have come out in Australia at a rapid space. It was found that road construction for Australian society was not only economic but also of great social importance because the soldiers who returned to their homeland from the First World War had their jobs on road constructions. The origin and development of aviation on the fifth continent are analysed. The figures of aviation designers are singled out. They pioneered aviation industry in Australia. Conclusions are drawn that this industry became dominant in Australia now.
{"title":"Fighting with “the tyranny of Distance”: History of transport in Australia","authors":"O. Zernetska, Victoriia Droniv","doi":"10.46493/2663-2675-2021-3-4-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46493/2663-2675-2021-3-4-4","url":null,"abstract":"Transport plays a vital role in the development of state of Australia. Transport can be compared with arteries of different industries of different types of economy. This infrastructure is especially important for Australia which has a great territory and low density of its population. That’s why the development of transport despite the remoteness of the continent from the Old World went parallel but sometimes even ahead of Europe. For the first time in Ukrainian science, an attempt has been made to investigate at the interdisciplinary level the formation of Australian state with the help of transport. Events are presented in chronological order because the very history of the discovery of the continent began from sailboats. Sailboat transport at the time of the discovery of Australia and the transportation of the first convicts, their supervising soldiers and administration together with free settlers from The Great Britain arrived on sailboats. The use of sailboats in transport along the coast of Australia is also clarified as well as hunting for whales, the future visits to the Pacific Islands and transportation from there valuable species of wood. The transition to steam shipping and later to motor shipping is distinguished, subsequently to motor shipping, innovative port changes of the coast of Australia for better floating and for better placement of cargo on steamers and their uploading taking into account the cost of human labour, of appropriate mechanisms and devices. Features of Australian river navigation are also considered. The development of land transport is studied. It is proved that the development of rail transport in the XIX st. became an important link in the transport system of Australia. Its advantages and obstacles which for many years stood in the way of development are allocated. The problems of different gauge in each Australian state are analysed and the difficulties of overcoming them are emphasized. Road transport and road construction have come out in Australia at a rapid space. It was found that road construction for Australian society was not only economic but also of great social importance because the soldiers who returned to their homeland from the First World War had their jobs on road constructions. The origin and development of aviation on the fifth continent are analysed. The figures of aviation designers are singled out. They pioneered aviation industry in Australia. Conclusions are drawn that this industry became dominant in Australia now.","PeriodicalId":12371,"journal":{"name":"Foreign Affairs","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70552203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.46493/2663-2675.31(5).2021.82-87
Yevheniia V. Haber
{"title":"Recent Rrends in Diplomacy: What is Changing the Diplomatic World Today and What Will it be Like in the Future?","authors":"Yevheniia V. Haber","doi":"10.46493/2663-2675.31(5).2021.82-87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46493/2663-2675.31(5).2021.82-87","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12371,"journal":{"name":"Foreign Affairs","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70546760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.46493/2663-2675-2021-3-4-5
M. Fesenko
The article analyses foreign policy of J. Biden and stands out the differences with the previous president. It is proved, that J. Biden’s foreign policy differs from D. Trump’s foreign policy, although there are elements of continuity in it. Some US presidents, in particular A. Lincoln and B. Obama, chose political rivals to work in their administration. J. Biden selected former colleagues who have worked with him for many years. The Biden administration is expected to take a tougher stance towards Russia. US President J. Biden believes in countering aggression by the Russian Federation, including through sanctions. China is expected to become the main challenge for J. Biden’s foreign policy team, as relations between the US and the PRC sank to their lowest point in decades. It is predicted that J. Biden will pursue a more consistent policy towards China. It is also expected that J. Biden’s team will enlist the support of US allies to force Beijing to comply with international norms in a number of areas: in trade, in the relations of the central government with Hong Kong, in the actions of the fleet in the South China Sea, in the fight against coronavirus and in the field of human rights. At present, it remains unclear how the Biden administration will build relations with North Korea. It is expected to cooperate more closely with allies, as well as to exert economic pressure on China to help bring the DPRK to the negotiating table. The big question is whether the Biden administration will honour the March 2021 agreement between the United States and the Taliban and withdraw all American troops by September 11, 2021, without forcing the Taliban to fulfil commitments to reduce bloodshed and cut ties with the Al-Qaeda and other Islamist groups that may pose a threat to US interests. It is expected that the deployment of US troops in places such as Afghanistan and Syria, without a clear strategy, will end under the presidency of J. Biden. But such decisions will depend on military assessments and consultations with allies, which leaves the door open for continued American intervention.
{"title":"Peculiarities of US foreign policy formation under the presidency of J. Baiden","authors":"M. Fesenko","doi":"10.46493/2663-2675-2021-3-4-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46493/2663-2675-2021-3-4-5","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses foreign policy of J. Biden and stands out the differences with the previous president. It is proved, that J. Biden’s foreign policy differs from D. Trump’s foreign policy, although there are elements of continuity in it. Some US presidents, in particular A. Lincoln and B. Obama, chose political rivals to work in their administration. J. Biden selected former colleagues who have worked with him for many years. The Biden administration is expected to take a tougher stance towards Russia. US President J. Biden believes in countering aggression by the Russian Federation, including through sanctions. China is expected to become the main challenge for J. Biden’s foreign policy team, as relations between the US and the PRC sank to their lowest point in decades. It is predicted that J. Biden will pursue a more consistent policy towards China. It is also expected that J. Biden’s team will enlist the support of US allies to force Beijing to comply with international norms in a number of areas: in trade, in the relations of the central government with Hong Kong, in the actions of the fleet in the South China Sea, in the fight against coronavirus and in the field of human rights. At present, it remains unclear how the Biden administration will build relations with North Korea. It is expected to cooperate more closely with allies, as well as to exert economic pressure on China to help bring the DPRK to the negotiating table. The big question is whether the Biden administration will honour the March 2021 agreement between the United States and the Taliban and withdraw all American troops by September 11, 2021, without forcing the Taliban to fulfil commitments to reduce bloodshed and cut ties with the Al-Qaeda and other Islamist groups that may pose a threat to US interests. It is expected that the deployment of US troops in places such as Afghanistan and Syria, without a clear strategy, will end under the presidency of J. Biden. But such decisions will depend on military assessments and consultations with allies, which leaves the door open for continued American intervention.","PeriodicalId":12371,"journal":{"name":"Foreign Affairs","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70551802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.46493/2663-2675-2021-3-4-3
D. Moskalyk
Ukraine and Turkey are united by a set of factors that have developed histori cally and serve as the basis for fruitful cooperation in the area of military-industrial complex. The two countries have achieved intensive development of the military industrial complex in diff erent periods. For Ukraine, this is the Soviet period, the 1930s and 1980s, and for Turkey, the last three decades. Turkey is engaged in the development of digital defence technologies, while Ukraine develops the production technology base. Ukraine and Turkey have great prospects for cooperation in many areas, including digital communication systems, strike drones, high-precision weap ons, radar systems, active defence systems for armoured vehicles, transport aircraft, engines, and shipbuilding. The example of the military campaign in Karabakh, in particular the capabilities and eff ectiveness of drones in modern warfare, established the importance of this experience for Ukraine, which can be used both in military combat and in special operations and sabotage against individual members of enemy command and control objects. Endless confl icts in the global south continue to create new opportunities for the export of high-tech products of Ukrainian and Turkish gunsmiths. Establishment of a system of strategic communications between Ukraine and Turkey in the area of the military-industrial complex operation is pos sible through the development of a plan of future actions to anticipate all possible scenarios. Therefore, the authors of the study establish that the strategic partnership between Ukraine and Turkey not only helps strengthen Ukraine’s defence capabilities and obtain the latest models of armaments for the Armed Forces of Ukraine, but also increases the export potential of the currently existing military-industrial complex.
{"title":"Department of Foreign Policy National Institute for Strategic Studies. Cooperation between Ukraine and Turkey in the fi eld of military-industrial complex in the context of strategic partnership between the two countries","authors":"D. Moskalyk","doi":"10.46493/2663-2675-2021-3-4-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46493/2663-2675-2021-3-4-3","url":null,"abstract":"Ukraine and Turkey are united by a set of factors that have developed histori cally and serve as the basis for fruitful cooperation in the area of military-industrial complex. The two countries have achieved intensive development of the military industrial complex in diff erent periods. For Ukraine, this is the Soviet period, the 1930s and 1980s, and for Turkey, the last three decades. Turkey is engaged in the development of digital defence technologies, while Ukraine develops the production technology base. Ukraine and Turkey have great prospects for cooperation in many areas, including digital communication systems, strike drones, high-precision weap ons, radar systems, active defence systems for armoured vehicles, transport aircraft, engines, and shipbuilding. The example of the military campaign in Karabakh, in particular the capabilities and eff ectiveness of drones in modern warfare, established the importance of this experience for Ukraine, which can be used both in military combat and in special operations and sabotage against individual members of enemy command and control objects. Endless confl icts in the global south continue to create new opportunities for the export of high-tech products of Ukrainian and Turkish gunsmiths. Establishment of a system of strategic communications between Ukraine and Turkey in the area of the military-industrial complex operation is pos sible through the development of a plan of future actions to anticipate all possible scenarios. Therefore, the authors of the study establish that the strategic partnership between Ukraine and Turkey not only helps strengthen Ukraine’s defence capabilities and obtain the latest models of armaments for the Armed Forces of Ukraine, but also increases the export potential of the currently existing military-industrial complex.","PeriodicalId":12371,"journal":{"name":"Foreign Affairs","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70552119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Managing the Presidency: The Eisenhower Legacy from Kennedy to Reagan","authors":"Gaddis Smith, P. Henderson","doi":"10.2307/20043708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20043708","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12371,"journal":{"name":"Foreign Affairs","volume":"67 1","pages":"186"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/20043708","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47315916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conceptualizing change in Soviet national security, George E.Hudson military crisis and social change in Russian and Soviet history, Steven Merritt Miner the Soviet debate over "new thinking" and the restructuring of US-Soviet relations, Philip D.Stewart and Margaret G.Hermann the Soviet economy - growth, decay, and reform, John E.Tedstrom modernization and the military-civil competition for resources - Gorbachev's dilemma, Hans Heymann, Jr technology of Soviet national security, Richard W.Judy domestic politics and Gorbachev's security policy, William J.Bishop institutional change and Soviet national security policy, Jan S.Adams Gorbachev's concept of reasonable sufficiency in national defence, Mary C.FitzGerald changes in Soviet national security policy toward Western Europe under Gorbachev, Robert W.Clawson changes in Soviet security policy towards Eastern Europe and the Warsaw Pact, Robin Alison Remington changing Soviet national security policy in relations with the Third World, Roger E.Kanet arms control in Soviet national security policy under Gorbachev, Robert L.Arnett toward an explanation of change in Soviet national security policy and implications for the United States, George E.Hudson.
{"title":"Soviet National Security Policy Under Perestroika","authors":"G. Hudson","doi":"10.2307/20044454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20044454","url":null,"abstract":"Conceptualizing change in Soviet national security, George E.Hudson military crisis and social change in Russian and Soviet history, Steven Merritt Miner the Soviet debate over \"new thinking\" and the restructuring of US-Soviet relations, Philip D.Stewart and Margaret G.Hermann the Soviet economy - growth, decay, and reform, John E.Tedstrom modernization and the military-civil competition for resources - Gorbachev's dilemma, Hans Heymann, Jr technology of Soviet national security, Richard W.Judy domestic politics and Gorbachev's security policy, William J.Bishop institutional change and Soviet national security policy, Jan S.Adams Gorbachev's concept of reasonable sufficiency in national defence, Mary C.FitzGerald changes in Soviet national security policy toward Western Europe under Gorbachev, Robert W.Clawson changes in Soviet security policy towards Eastern Europe and the Warsaw Pact, Robin Alison Remington changing Soviet national security policy in relations with the Third World, Roger E.Kanet arms control in Soviet national security policy under Gorbachev, Robert L.Arnett toward an explanation of change in Soviet national security policy and implications for the United States, George E.Hudson.","PeriodicalId":12371,"journal":{"name":"Foreign Affairs","volume":"69 1","pages":"184"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/20044454","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43658762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Analyses the roots of the polarization of Western political and analytical opinion about the Soviet military and for the first time brings together a thorough survey of Western and Soviet perceptions of each other's military thoughts and doctrines. This book should be of interest to lecturers and students of international politics, defence and strategic studies.
{"title":"Soviet Military Doctrine and Western Policy","authors":"Gregory F. Treverton, G. Flynn","doi":"10.2307/20044319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20044319","url":null,"abstract":"Analyses the roots of the polarization of Western political and analytical opinion about the Soviet military and for the first time brings together a thorough survey of Western and Soviet perceptions of each other's military thoughts and doctrines. This book should be of interest to lecturers and students of international politics, defence and strategic studies.","PeriodicalId":12371,"journal":{"name":"Foreign Affairs","volume":"69 1","pages":"169"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/20044319","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41338971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Greeks and Macedonians both assert that they, and they alone, have the right to identify themselves as Macedonians. The Greek government denies the existence of a Macedonian nation and insists that all Macedonians are Greeks, while Macedonians vehemently assert their existence as a unique people. This work examines the Macedonian conflict in the light of contemporary theoretical work on ethnic nationalism, the construction of national identities and cultures, the invenstion of tradition, and the role of the state in the process of building a nation. The conflict is set in the broader context of Balkan history and in the narrower context of the disintegration of Yugoslavia. The book focuses on the transnational dimension of the "global cultural war" taking place between Greeks and Macedonians both in the Balkans and throughout the rest of the world. It analyzes two issues in particular: the struggle for human rights of the Macedonian minority in northern Greece and the campaign for international recognition of the newly independent Republic of Macedonia. The book concludes with a detailed analysis of the construction of identity at an individual level among immigrants from nothern Greece who have settled in Australia, where multiculturalism is an official policy.
{"title":"The Macedonian Conflict","authors":"Loring M. Danforth","doi":"10.2307/J.CTV173F2X7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/J.CTV173F2X7","url":null,"abstract":"Greeks and Macedonians both assert that they, and they alone, have the right to identify themselves as Macedonians. The Greek government denies the existence of a Macedonian nation and insists that all Macedonians are Greeks, while Macedonians vehemently assert their existence as a unique people. This work examines the Macedonian conflict in the light of contemporary theoretical work on ethnic nationalism, the construction of national identities and cultures, the invenstion of tradition, and the role of the state in the process of building a nation. The conflict is set in the broader context of Balkan history and in the narrower context of the disintegration of Yugoslavia. The book focuses on the transnational dimension of the \"global cultural war\" taking place between Greeks and Macedonians both in the Balkans and throughout the rest of the world. It analyzes two issues in particular: the struggle for human rights of the Macedonian minority in northern Greece and the campaign for international recognition of the newly independent Republic of Macedonia. The book concludes with a detailed analysis of the construction of identity at an individual level among immigrants from nothern Greece who have settled in Australia, where multiculturalism is an official policy.","PeriodicalId":12371,"journal":{"name":"Foreign Affairs","volume":"75 1","pages":"161"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45272675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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