Background: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has significantly enhanced the life expectancy of HIV-infected patients. However, utilization of HAART has been identified with adverse events including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Objectives: The Objective of this experiment was to explore the conceivable protective effect of green tea (Camellia sinensis) hydro-methonolic extract (GTE) on highly active antiretroviral therapy-induced NAFLD in albino Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty adult rats of comparative weights were chosen and divided into 5 groups of six rats each. Group-1 was a control group, Group II was given HAART and served as negative control, Groups III, IV and V were given HAART and 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of GTE, respectively for sixty days. At the end of experiment day, the rats were fasted overnight sacrificed by cervical dislocation and blood was taken via cardiac puncture. Serum was separated and liver function test was assessed. Liver were excised from the rats, histopathological studies and lipid profiles were also investigated. Results: Elevated levels of serum TGL, total cholesterol, ALT, AST and liver TGL, TBARS and decreased levels of TAC was seen in HARRT treated rats. The amelioration potential of GTE was observed in a dose-dependent manner, the highest dose 400mg/kg more potently ameliorated HAART affected parameters near to the normal control. Conclusion: This consequence of HAART induced NAFLD may be due to oxidative stress by mitochondrial ROS that leads to increased hepatocellular oxidative damage. This may progress to hepatic inflammation and the development of NAFLD. The effect of GTE against NAFLD and oxidative stress might be due to its antioxidant activity and scavenging of reactive oxygen species induced by HAART.
{"title":"Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Ameliorate Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy","authors":"Dr.Tesaka Wondimnew, S. Genet, N. Gnanasekaran","doi":"10.5530/FRA.2020.2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/FRA.2020.2.14","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has significantly enhanced the life expectancy of HIV-infected patients. However, utilization of HAART has been identified with adverse events including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Objectives: The Objective of this experiment was to explore the conceivable protective effect of green tea (Camellia sinensis) hydro-methonolic extract (GTE) on highly active antiretroviral therapy-induced NAFLD in albino Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty adult rats of comparative weights were chosen and divided into 5 groups of six rats each. Group-1 was a control group, Group II was given HAART and served as negative control, Groups III, IV and V were given HAART and 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of GTE, respectively for sixty days. At the end of experiment day, the rats were fasted overnight sacrificed by cervical dislocation and blood was taken via cardiac puncture. Serum was separated and liver function test was assessed. Liver were excised from the rats, histopathological studies and lipid profiles were also investigated. Results: Elevated levels of serum TGL, total cholesterol, ALT, AST and liver TGL, TBARS and decreased levels of TAC was seen in HARRT treated rats. The amelioration potential of GTE was observed in a dose-dependent manner, the highest dose 400mg/kg more potently ameliorated HAART affected parameters near to the normal control. Conclusion: This consequence of HAART induced NAFLD may be due to oxidative stress by mitochondrial ROS that leads to increased hepatocellular oxidative damage. This may progress to hepatic inflammation and the development of NAFLD. The effect of GTE against NAFLD and oxidative stress might be due to its antioxidant activity and scavenging of reactive oxygen species induced by HAART.","PeriodicalId":12388,"journal":{"name":"Free Radicals and Antioxidants","volume":"47 1","pages":"77-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81421320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the antimicrobial property of the solvent extracts of flowers and aerial parts of S. indicus. Methods: The flowers and the aerial parts of Sphaeranthus indicus were extracted with n-hexane, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate and acetone respectively. The extracts were analyzed for the antimicrobial effect by disc diffusion method at concentrations of 5, 2.5 and 1.25 mg/disc. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was tested using broth micro dilution method at concentrations ranging from 5 to 0.039 mg/ml. Results: There was a significant antibacterial and antifungal activity in hexane extract of flower and aerial parts. The MIC was seen at 0.15 mg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus and the highest MIC (5 mg/ml) was noted for S. epidermidis. The n-hexane extracts of flower and aerial parts showed MIC as 0.15 and 1.25 mg/ml respectively against Candida albicans. Conclusion: Concluding it can be said that the S. indicus flower n-hexane extract showed promising antimicrobial agent.
{"title":"Sphaeranthus indicus: A Promising Antimicrobial Agent","authors":"P. Saxena, S. Upadhyay, Shivani Lodha","doi":"10.5530/FRA.2020.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/FRA.2020.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the antimicrobial property of the solvent extracts of flowers and aerial parts of S. indicus. Methods: The flowers and the aerial parts of Sphaeranthus indicus were extracted with n-hexane, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate and acetone respectively. The extracts were analyzed for the antimicrobial effect by disc diffusion method at concentrations of 5, 2.5 and 1.25 mg/disc. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was tested using broth micro dilution method at concentrations ranging from 5 to 0.039 mg/ml. Results: There was a significant antibacterial and antifungal activity in hexane extract of flower and aerial parts. The MIC was seen at 0.15 mg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus and the highest MIC (5 mg/ml) was noted for S. epidermidis. The n-hexane extracts of flower and aerial parts showed MIC as 0.15 and 1.25 mg/ml respectively against Candida albicans. Conclusion: Concluding it can be said that the S. indicus flower n-hexane extract showed promising antimicrobial agent.","PeriodicalId":12388,"journal":{"name":"Free Radicals and Antioxidants","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89683079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Free radicals are capable of inducing oxidative damage, which causes various human diseases. However, antioxidants reduce the risk of diseases related to reactive oxygen species. Medicinal plants such as Achyranthes aspera leaves, Satureja punctata aerial parts, Aloe pulcherrima gel, Gomphocarpus fruticosus leaves and Commiphora myrrha resins were claimed to treat various ailments including urolithiasis in Ethiopia. Objectives: This study was intended to determine phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of the aforementioned plants. Materials and Methods: Plants were collected and the aqueous crude extracts were prepared. Phytochemicals were screened qualitatively and DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay was measured at 517nm using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA, Dunnett’s comparison test of the Graph Pad Prism version 6. Results: The plant extracts exhibited various phytochemicals such as phenols, flavonoids and tannins, while these were absent in C. myrrha. Steroids and terpenoides were absent in A. pulcherrima and G. fruticosus extracts, respectively. DPPH scavenging capacities of S. punctata, G. fruticosus, A. pulcherrima and A. aspera aqueous extracts were 92.3%, 81.6%, 72.3% and 54.9%, respectively compared to control (Ascorbic acid) showed 87.6%, 94.5%, 92.3% and 95.6%, respectively at inhibitory concentrations of 0.20 mg/ml, 0.78 mg/ ml, 3.13 mg/ml and 12.5 mg/ml, respectively. The IC50 antioxidant values of S. punctata, A. pulcherrima, G. fruticosus, and A. aspera extracts were 0.01 ±0.003 mg/ml, 0.42 ±0.047 mg/ml, 1.64 ±0.147 mg/ml, and 13.51 ±1.08 mg/ml, respectively compared to Ascorbic acid (0.03 ±0.007 mg/ml). Conclusion: The phytoconstituents in S. punctata aqueous extract has the best capability to scavenge DPPH free radicals. Future characterizations of compounds responsible for the antioxidant activities will be required.
简介:自由基能够诱导氧化损伤，从而引起各种人体疾病。然而，抗氧化剂可以降低与活性氧有关的疾病的风险。药用植物，如牛膝草的叶子，沙棘树的部分，芦荟凝胶，Gomphocarpus fruticosus叶子和紫金娘树脂，据说可以治疗各种疾病，包括埃塞俄比亚的尿石症。目的:测定上述植物的化学成分和抗氧化活性。材料与方法:采集植物，制备水提物。对植物化学物质进行定性筛选，并在517nm处采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定DPPH(2,2-二苯基-1-吡啶酰肼)自由基清除能力。数据采用单因素方差分析(single -way ANOVA, Dunnett’s comparison test of Graph Pad Prism version 6)进行统计。结果:该植物提取物中含有紫薇所不含的酚类、黄酮类和单宁等多种植物化学物质。白参提取物中不含甾体，白参提取物中不含萜类。在抑制浓度分别为0.20 mg/ml、0.78 mg/ml、3.13 mg/ml和12.5 mg/ml的条件下，刺蒺蒿、果棘草、刺蒺蒿和刺蒺蒿水提物对DPPH的清除率分别为92.3%、81.6%、72.3%和54.9%，而对照(抗坏血酸)的清除率分别为87.6%、94.5%、92.3%和95.6%。与抗坏血酸的IC50值(0.03±0.007 mg/ml)相比，刺蒺藜、刺蒺藜、果蒺藜和刺蒺藜提取物的IC50值分别为0.01±0.003 mg/ml、0.42±0.047 mg/ml、1.64±0.147 mg/ml和13.51±1.08 mg/ml。结论:刺蒺藜水提物中植物成分清除DPPH自由基的能力最强。未来的表征化合物负责抗氧化活性将需要。
{"title":"Evaluations of Antioxidant Effects of Selected Medicinal Plant Extracts Claimed to Treat Kidney Stone Disease","authors":"T. Alelign, A. Debella, B. Petros","doi":"10.5530/FRA.2020.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/FRA.2020.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Free radicals are capable of inducing oxidative damage, which causes various human diseases. However, antioxidants reduce the risk of diseases related to reactive oxygen species. Medicinal plants such as Achyranthes aspera leaves, Satureja punctata aerial parts, Aloe pulcherrima gel, Gomphocarpus fruticosus leaves and Commiphora myrrha resins were claimed to treat various ailments including urolithiasis in Ethiopia. Objectives: This study was intended to determine phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of the aforementioned plants. Materials and Methods: Plants were collected and the aqueous crude extracts were prepared. Phytochemicals were screened qualitatively and DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay was measured at 517nm using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA, Dunnett’s comparison test of the Graph Pad Prism version 6. Results: The plant extracts exhibited various phytochemicals such as phenols, flavonoids and tannins, while these were absent in C. myrrha. Steroids and terpenoides were absent in A. pulcherrima and G. fruticosus extracts, respectively. DPPH scavenging capacities of S. punctata, G. fruticosus, A. pulcherrima and A. aspera aqueous extracts were 92.3%, 81.6%, 72.3% and 54.9%, respectively compared to control (Ascorbic acid) showed 87.6%, 94.5%, 92.3% and 95.6%, respectively at inhibitory concentrations of 0.20 mg/ml, 0.78 mg/ ml, 3.13 mg/ml and 12.5 mg/ml, respectively. The IC50 antioxidant values of S. punctata, A. pulcherrima, G. fruticosus, and A. aspera extracts were 0.01 ±0.003 mg/ml, 0.42 ±0.047 mg/ml, 1.64 ±0.147 mg/ml, and 13.51 ±1.08 mg/ml, respectively compared to Ascorbic acid (0.03 ±0.007 mg/ml). Conclusion: The phytoconstituents in S. punctata aqueous extract has the best capability to scavenge DPPH free radicals. Future characterizations of compounds responsible for the antioxidant activities will be required.","PeriodicalId":12388,"journal":{"name":"Free Radicals and Antioxidants","volume":"1 1","pages":"63-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83619960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natural products have a wide range of diversity of multidimensional chemical structures which play a vital role which show the important nature as golden source for achieving the herbal drug discovery. Literature survey was accomplished using multiple databases including PubMed, Science Direct, ISI web of knowledge and Google Scholar. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate is the most abundant tea polyphenol, followed by other polyphenols, namely, catechin, epicatechin, epicatechin-3-gallate and epigallocatechin.The most important pharmacological activities of EGCG are antineoplastic, HIV infection, hypertension and associated complications, type II diabetes mellitus, its usage as cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and its application in Alzheimer, Parkinson and Osteoporosis. Natural products have played a key role in drug discovery and development in modern days.
天然产物具有广泛多样的多维化学结构，这些结构起着至关重要的作用，显示出作为实现草药药物发现的黄金来源的重要性质。文献调查使用PubMed、Science Direct、ISI web knowledge和Google Scholar等多个数据库完成。表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯是含量最多的茶多酚，其次是儿茶素、表儿茶素、表儿茶素-3-没食子儿茶素和表没食子儿茶素。EGCG最重要的药理作用是抗肿瘤、HIV感染、高血压及相关并发症、II型糖尿病、保护心脏、保护肝脏、保护肾脏以及在阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和骨质疏松症中的应用。天然产物在现代药物发现和开发中发挥了关键作用。
{"title":"Importance of Epigallocatechin and its Health Benefits","authors":"M. H. Shahrajabian, Wenli Sun, Q. Cheng","doi":"10.5530/FRA.2020.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/FRA.2020.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"Natural products have a wide range of diversity of multidimensional chemical structures which play a vital role which show the important nature as golden source for achieving the herbal drug discovery. Literature survey was accomplished using multiple databases including PubMed, Science Direct, ISI web of knowledge and Google Scholar. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate is the most abundant tea polyphenol, followed by other polyphenols, namely, catechin, epicatechin, epicatechin-3-gallate and epigallocatechin.The most important pharmacological activities of EGCG are antineoplastic, HIV infection, hypertension and associated complications, type II diabetes mellitus, its usage as cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and its application in Alzheimer, Parkinson and Osteoporosis. Natural products have played a key role in drug discovery and development in modern days.","PeriodicalId":12388,"journal":{"name":"Free Radicals and Antioxidants","volume":"31 1","pages":"47-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77972292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ravi Sahukari, Jyothi Punabaka, Praveen Kumar Yamala, S. Bhasha, V. Ganjikunta, Sathyavelu R. Kesireddy
Background: A highly valued medicinal plant belonging to the family Apiaceae is Trachyspermum ammi L. The seeds of this plant are used as spice and are traditionally used for the treatment of many human and animal illnesses. Objectives: In this research study, we aimed at quantitatively estimating the phytochemicals, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of different solvent extracts of T. ammi seeds. Methods: Quantification of phenol and flavonoid phytochemicals have been estimated in different solvent extracts of seeds. Further, the antioxidant activity was determined by performing DPPH, lipid peroxidation, reducing capacity and total antioxidant activity assays. Additionally, antibacterial activity was assessed against three bacterial species using well-diffusion method. Results: The findings showed in quantitative estimation that phenols and flavonoids were rich in extracts. Acetone, Methanol and Ethanol extracts were potentially scavenged DPPH radical, lipid peroxidation nullified and metal ions such as Fe and Mo reduced. At the same time, effective antibacterial activity on E. coli, S. aureus and Pseudomonas bacterial species was seen in Chloroform and Methanol extracts and synthesized silver nanoparticles. Conclusion: In conclusion, free radical scavenging, reduction of metals and antibacterial activity of different extracts of T. ammi was indicative of the presence of enormous amounts of phenols and flavonoids. Further work on these extracts needs to be done to isolate the active compounds and, to treat free radicals and related bacterial diseases.
{"title":"Potential Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Medicinal Plant Trachyspermum ammi L. Seeds","authors":"Ravi Sahukari, Jyothi Punabaka, Praveen Kumar Yamala, S. Bhasha, V. Ganjikunta, Sathyavelu R. Kesireddy","doi":"10.5530/FRA.2020.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/FRA.2020.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A highly valued medicinal plant belonging to the family Apiaceae is Trachyspermum ammi L. The seeds of this plant are used as spice and are traditionally used for the treatment of many human and animal illnesses. Objectives: In this research study, we aimed at quantitatively estimating the phytochemicals, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of different solvent extracts of T. ammi seeds. Methods: Quantification of phenol and flavonoid phytochemicals have been estimated in different solvent extracts of seeds. Further, the antioxidant activity was determined by performing DPPH, lipid peroxidation, reducing capacity and total antioxidant activity assays. Additionally, antibacterial activity was assessed against three bacterial species using well-diffusion method. Results: The findings showed in quantitative estimation that phenols and flavonoids were rich in extracts. Acetone, Methanol and Ethanol extracts were potentially scavenged DPPH radical, lipid peroxidation nullified and metal ions such as Fe and Mo reduced. At the same time, effective antibacterial activity on E. coli, S. aureus and Pseudomonas bacterial species was seen in Chloroform and Methanol extracts and synthesized silver nanoparticles. Conclusion: In conclusion, free radical scavenging, reduction of metals and antibacterial activity of different extracts of T. ammi was indicative of the presence of enormous amounts of phenols and flavonoids. Further work on these extracts needs to be done to isolate the active compounds and, to treat free radicals and related bacterial diseases.","PeriodicalId":12388,"journal":{"name":"Free Radicals and Antioxidants","volume":"70 1","pages":"56-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79726424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: To evaluate wound healing activity of herbal ointment containing the extracts of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flowers and Curcuma longa rhizomes. Methodology: H. rosa-sinensis flowers and C. longa rhizomes were extracted using 95% ethanol. H. rosa-sinensis and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis ointment were prepared using paraffin wax, lanolin and petroleum jelly. Ointment formulation was applied once daily on the excision wound made on Sprague Dawley rats for 20 days. Results: On day 20, the treatment group showed a significant increase in wound contraction which was 93.52 ± 1.38% when compared to control (87.62 ± 1.48%). Conclusion: Herbal ointment exhibited significant wound healing activity in rat excision wound model.
{"title":"Wound Healing Activity of Herbal Ointment Containing the Extracts of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Flowers and Curcuma longa Rhizomes","authors":"F. Mustaffa, S. Parasuraman, G. Sahgal","doi":"10.5530/FRA.2020.2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/FRA.2020.2.15","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To evaluate wound healing activity of herbal ointment containing the extracts of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flowers and Curcuma longa rhizomes. Methodology: H. rosa-sinensis flowers and C. longa rhizomes were extracted using 95% ethanol. H. rosa-sinensis and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis ointment were prepared using paraffin wax, lanolin and petroleum jelly. Ointment formulation was applied once daily on the excision wound made on Sprague Dawley rats for 20 days. Results: On day 20, the treatment group showed a significant increase in wound contraction which was 93.52 ± 1.38% when compared to control (87.62 ± 1.48%). Conclusion: Herbal ointment exhibited significant wound healing activity in rat excision wound model.","PeriodicalId":12388,"journal":{"name":"Free Radicals and Antioxidants","volume":"1 1","pages":"86-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84603672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Giannakopoulos, Georgios Salachas, D. Zisimopoulos, S. Barla, Electra Kalaitzopoulou, Polyxeni Papadea, Marianna Skipitari, C. Georgiou
Objectives: This work, on low-cost controlled freeze methodology for stabilizing the phenolic content in Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO), is evaluated by studying four Quality Indexes (QIs): free acidity, as % of oleic acid (1st-QI); UV-absorption values; K272, K232 and ΔK (2nd-QI); total phenolic content (TPC), as Gallic acid equivalence (3rd-QI); and lipid peroxidation products, as free malondialdehyde (MDA) (4th-QI). Methods: The study of QIs for EVOO under storage, absence of light, at 25, 4, -20 and -80°C, with or without N2-purge showed that the phenolic charge is stabilized for > 12 months, at refrigeration conditions storage (~ 4°C) in the absence of oxygen, whilst the peroxidation of lipids is being kept at a low level. Results: The results showed that the high concentration of natural hydroxylphenols in the EVOO in combination with its degassing (via N2-purge) and storage at ~ 4°C, constitute the optimum conditions for preservation of olive oil as a long-lasting EVOO (LL [legal limit]-EVOO) with high added value. Conclusion: The main scientific contribution of this study is: (i) development and evaluation of a methodology (freeze controlled treatment) for the long-term preservation of EVOO quality, (ii) understanding the physicochemical mechanism and factors determining EVOO quality and (iii) ready-to-use technology for the local and international market.
{"title":"Long-Term Preservation of Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity in Extra Virgin Olive Oil: A Physico-biochemical Approach","authors":"E. Giannakopoulos, Georgios Salachas, D. Zisimopoulos, S. Barla, Electra Kalaitzopoulou, Polyxeni Papadea, Marianna Skipitari, C. Georgiou","doi":"10.5530/fra.2020.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/fra.2020.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This work, on low-cost controlled freeze methodology for stabilizing the phenolic content in Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO), is evaluated by studying four Quality Indexes (QIs): free acidity, as % of oleic acid (1st-QI); UV-absorption values; K272, K232 and ΔK (2nd-QI); total phenolic content (TPC), as Gallic acid equivalence (3rd-QI); and lipid peroxidation products, as free malondialdehyde (MDA) (4th-QI). Methods: The study of QIs for EVOO under storage, absence of light, at 25, 4, -20 and -80°C, with or without N2-purge showed that the phenolic charge is stabilized for > 12 months, at refrigeration conditions storage (~ 4°C) in the absence of oxygen, whilst the peroxidation of lipids is being kept at a low level. Results: The results showed that the high concentration of natural hydroxylphenols in the EVOO in combination with its degassing (via N2-purge) and storage at ~ 4°C, constitute the optimum conditions for preservation of olive oil as a long-lasting EVOO (LL [legal limit]-EVOO) with high added value. Conclusion: The main scientific contribution of this study is: (i) development and evaluation of a methodology (freeze controlled treatment) for the long-term preservation of EVOO quality, (ii) understanding the physicochemical mechanism and factors determining EVOO quality and (iii) ready-to-use technology for the local and international market.","PeriodicalId":12388,"journal":{"name":"Free Radicals and Antioxidants","volume":"10 1","pages":"04-09"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81920660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Priya Bisen, A. Chaturvedi, A. Ganeshpurkar, Nazneen Dubey
Cite this article: Bisen P, Chaturvedi A, Ganeshpurkar A, Dubey N. Cardioprotective Effect of Amaranthus cruentus Extracton Isoprenaline Induced Myocardial Infraction in Rats. Free Radicals and Antioxidants. 2020;10(1):23-8. ABSTRACT Objectives: The present study is focused to evaluate cardioprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Amaranthus cruentus. Methods: Amaranthus cruentus extract (Dose 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg) in isoprenaline induced myocardial infarction in rats. The ethanolic extract of Amaranthus cruentus was prepared and subjected to acute toxicity in albino rats. The extract was given orallyat two different doses 200mg/kg and 400mg/. Isoprenaline was administered subcutaneously (85mg/kg s.c.). Results: The histopathological examination revealed mild infarction and inflammation in isoprenaline treated rats. The ethanolic extract of Amaranthus cruentus showed significant cardio protective effect by decreasing the serum level of LDL and VLDL cholesterol levels. The biochemical parameters (AST, ALT and ALP) and HDL cholesterol levels were restored. Conclusion: The outcome of the present study suggested cardioprotective activity of Amaranthus cruentus extract.
{"title":"Cardioprotective Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Leaves of Amaranthus cruentus in Isoprenaline-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats","authors":"Priya Bisen, A. Chaturvedi, A. Ganeshpurkar, Nazneen Dubey","doi":"10.5530/fra.2020.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/fra.2020.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Cite this article: Bisen P, Chaturvedi A, Ganeshpurkar A, Dubey N. Cardioprotective Effect of Amaranthus cruentus Extracton Isoprenaline Induced Myocardial Infraction in Rats. Free Radicals and Antioxidants. 2020;10(1):23-8. ABSTRACT Objectives: The present study is focused to evaluate cardioprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Amaranthus cruentus. Methods: Amaranthus cruentus extract (Dose 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg) in isoprenaline induced myocardial infarction in rats. The ethanolic extract of Amaranthus cruentus was prepared and subjected to acute toxicity in albino rats. The extract was given orallyat two different doses 200mg/kg and 400mg/. Isoprenaline was administered subcutaneously (85mg/kg s.c.). Results: The histopathological examination revealed mild infarction and inflammation in isoprenaline treated rats. The ethanolic extract of Amaranthus cruentus showed significant cardio protective effect by decreasing the serum level of LDL and VLDL cholesterol levels. The biochemical parameters (AST, ALT and ALP) and HDL cholesterol levels were restored. Conclusion: The outcome of the present study suggested cardioprotective activity of Amaranthus cruentus extract.","PeriodicalId":12388,"journal":{"name":"Free Radicals and Antioxidants","volume":"130 1","pages":"24-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77205865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Salemcity, V. Nwaneri-Chidozie, Emmanuel Adameh, Magdalene E Effiong
Objectives: Oxidative stress is implicated in the etiology of life-threatening disease conditions. Newbouldia laevis (NL) have been used in folk medicine for stress related conditions, however, there is paucity of reports suggesting a connection between its efficacy and a possible antioxidant property. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of NL leaf extracts. Methods: The methanol extract of NL was partitioned to obtain the chloroform fraction (CFNL) and the aqueous fraction (AFNL). Following standard laboratory procedures, the parameters were measured spectrophotometrically. Results: The MFNL recorded the highest activity for DPPH (76.4%), while all extracts only showed slight hydrogen peroxide scavenging capacity. Total antioxidant capacity at uniform concentration revealed an increasing order of activity from AFNL to MENL, correlating with total phenol contents which is in the same order. Furthermore, the extracts inhibited lipid peroxidation in a concentration dependent manner, with MENL recording the highest inhibition of 19.5%. The MENL however had the highest vitamin C concentration of 165.44mg/100ml. Conclusion: The above results not only demonstrate the antioxidant properties of NL, but suggests this as one of its possible mechanism of action and indicates the presence of potent principles with potential for application in stress related ailments.
{"title":"Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Newbouldia laevis Leaf extracts","authors":"A. Salemcity, V. Nwaneri-Chidozie, Emmanuel Adameh, Magdalene E Effiong","doi":"10.5530/fra.2020.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/fra.2020.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Oxidative stress is implicated in the etiology of life-threatening disease conditions. Newbouldia laevis (NL) have been used in folk medicine for stress related conditions, however, there is paucity of reports suggesting a connection between its efficacy and a possible antioxidant property. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of NL leaf extracts. Methods: The methanol extract of NL was partitioned to obtain the chloroform fraction (CFNL) and the aqueous fraction (AFNL). Following standard laboratory procedures, the parameters were measured spectrophotometrically. Results: The MFNL recorded the highest activity for DPPH (76.4%), while all extracts only showed slight hydrogen peroxide scavenging capacity. Total antioxidant capacity at uniform concentration revealed an increasing order of activity from AFNL to MENL, correlating with total phenol contents which is in the same order. Furthermore, the extracts inhibited lipid peroxidation in a concentration dependent manner, with MENL recording the highest inhibition of 19.5%. The MENL however had the highest vitamin C concentration of 165.44mg/100ml. Conclusion: The above results not only demonstrate the antioxidant properties of NL, but suggests this as one of its possible mechanism of action and indicates the presence of potent principles with potential for application in stress related ailments.","PeriodicalId":12388,"journal":{"name":"Free Radicals and Antioxidants","volume":"50 1","pages":"10-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76544529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shivani Lodha, S. Upadhyay, K. S. Baghel, Y. Ahmad
The pathophysiology of schizophrenic shows the dysfunction of Glutamate receptors. The inotropic subtypes The NMDA, AMPA and kinate receptors out of various glutamate receptors are most commonly associated. In postmortem brain samples from schizophrenics and controls several levels of gene expression of glutamate receptors were studied. Even though there exist slight inconsistency from various studies certain points. There is an abnormal reduction in the AMPA receptor expression in the schizophrenic hippocampus, including reduced subunit transcript level, protein level and also binding sites. In hippocampus related changes are also seen in the kinate receptor expression. In some cortical regions in schizophrenia NMDAR1 shows abnormal expression. NMDDAR1 is the obligate NMDA receptor subunit. The current review ellustrates the theory of glutamate neurotransmission abnormality in schizophrenia.
{"title":"Glutamate Receptors in Schizophrenia: A Review","authors":"Shivani Lodha, S. Upadhyay, K. S. Baghel, Y. Ahmad","doi":"10.5530/fra.2020.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/fra.2020.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The pathophysiology of schizophrenic shows the dysfunction of Glutamate receptors. The inotropic subtypes The NMDA, AMPA and kinate receptors out of various glutamate receptors are most commonly associated. In postmortem brain samples from schizophrenics and controls several levels of gene expression of glutamate receptors were studied. Even though there exist slight inconsistency from various studies certain points. There is an abnormal reduction in the AMPA receptor expression in the schizophrenic hippocampus, including reduced subunit transcript level, protein level and also binding sites. In hippocampus related changes are also seen in the kinate receptor expression. In some cortical regions in schizophrenia NMDAR1 shows abnormal expression. NMDDAR1 is the obligate NMDA receptor subunit. The current review ellustrates the theory of glutamate neurotransmission abnormality in schizophrenia.","PeriodicalId":12388,"journal":{"name":"Free Radicals and Antioxidants","volume":"114 1","pages":"01-03"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79452067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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