Pub Date : 2019-01-09DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2018.1564146
Aynalem Dilla, P. Smethurst, K. Barry, D. Parsons
ABSTRACT Agroforestry parklands are a common land-use in Ethiopia and many parts of the tropics. These systems play an important role in climate change mitigation and adaptation, through carbon (C) sequestration. However, C sequestration in both tree biomass and soil has not been extensively studied for parklands of the Central Rift Valley (CRV), Ethiopia. Therefore, here we sampled a small number of F. albida trees and soil from the Adulala watershed, CRV, to provide a preliminary estimate of the C sequestration potential of these systems. Mean above-ground total dry biomass of trees was estimated at 844 kg tree−1. Tree density was 5.80 ha−1, which corresponded to 2.45 t C ha−1 in above-ground biomass and 0.76 t C ha−1 below-ground; and 118 t C ha−1 in soil (0–80 cm depth) under trees, compared to 84 t C ha−1 in the soil of crop-only areas. We speculate that if tree density was increased to 100 trees ha−1, the rate of soil C sequestration could be estimated as 0.48 t C ha−1 year−1 for 42 years. Faidherbia albida tree density is sparse in the study area, but could be increased by encouraging farmers to protect planted seedlings or natural regeneration.
在埃塞俄比亚和许多热带地区，农林业公园是一种常见的土地利用方式。这些系统通过碳(C)固存在减缓和适应气候变化方面发挥着重要作用。然而，在埃塞俄比亚中央裂谷(CRV)的公园地，树木生物量和土壤中的碳固存尚未得到广泛研究。因此，在这里，我们从CRV的阿杜拉拉流域取样了少量的杉树和土壤，以初步估计这些系统的碳固存潜力。树木的平均地上总干生物量估计为844 kg tree - 1。树木密度为5.80 ha - 1，地上生物量为2.45 t C ha - 1，地下生物量为0.76 t C ha - 1;树木下土壤(0-80 cm深)的碳含量为118 t C ha - 1，而仅种植区土壤的碳含量为84 t C ha - 1。我们推测，如果树木密度增加到100棵ha - 1，土壤碳固存速率可以估计为0.48 t C ha - 1年−1，持续42年。研究区喜达木密度较低，但可以通过鼓励农民保护种植的幼苗或自然更新来增加树木密度。
{"title":"Preliminary estimate of carbon sequestration potential of Faidherbia albida (Delile) A.Chev in an agroforestry parkland in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia","authors":"Aynalem Dilla, P. Smethurst, K. Barry, D. Parsons","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2018.1564146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2018.1564146","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Agroforestry parklands are a common land-use in Ethiopia and many parts of the tropics. These systems play an important role in climate change mitigation and adaptation, through carbon (C) sequestration. However, C sequestration in both tree biomass and soil has not been extensively studied for parklands of the Central Rift Valley (CRV), Ethiopia. Therefore, here we sampled a small number of F. albida trees and soil from the Adulala watershed, CRV, to provide a preliminary estimate of the C sequestration potential of these systems. Mean above-ground total dry biomass of trees was estimated at 844 kg tree−1. Tree density was 5.80 ha−1, which corresponded to 2.45 t C ha−1 in above-ground biomass and 0.76 t C ha−1 below-ground; and 118 t C ha−1 in soil (0–80 cm depth) under trees, compared to 84 t C ha−1 in the soil of crop-only areas. We speculate that if tree density was increased to 100 trees ha−1, the rate of soil C sequestration could be estimated as 0.48 t C ha−1 year−1 for 42 years. Faidherbia albida tree density is sparse in the study area, but could be increased by encouraging farmers to protect planted seedlings or natural regeneration.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"28 1","pages":"79 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14728028.2018.1564146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43047936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2018.1557082
Anne Arvola, J. Anttila, N. Hogarth
ABSTRACT This study analyses the impact of policy, legal and market conditions and specific incentives on smallholders’ interest and success in tree growing between 1990-2015 in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Laos, Lao PDR). A review of previous studies and policy papers established the framework for this study, with primary data then collected from smallholders through semi-structured interviews in four villages. The interview questions covered household socioeconomic features, land use, information on woodlots, extension, and perceptions on drivers and challenges of tree growing. The findings indicate that policy objectives of promoting smallholder tree growing are weak at the district and village levels, and the only significant incentive, namely land allocation, has become ineffectual due to land scarcity and preference for other income sources. Tree growers intend to mainly preserve their present plantation areas, although their interest to expand tree growing areas is weak, and one third of non-growers see tree growing as a potential livelihood diversification option. If the promotion of smallholder tree growing is to be improved, the land and forest policy and associated legislation requires thorough revision and simplification, extension services must be made available, and specific incentives developed to allow smallholders to access land and meet their specific needs.
{"title":"By accident or by design? Influence of government policies on drivers and barriers of smallholder teak growing in Lao PDR","authors":"Anne Arvola, J. Anttila, N. Hogarth","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2018.1557082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2018.1557082","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study analyses the impact of policy, legal and market conditions and specific incentives on smallholders’ interest and success in tree growing between 1990-2015 in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Laos, Lao PDR). A review of previous studies and policy papers established the framework for this study, with primary data then collected from smallholders through semi-structured interviews in four villages. The interview questions covered household socioeconomic features, land use, information on woodlots, extension, and perceptions on drivers and challenges of tree growing. The findings indicate that policy objectives of promoting smallholder tree growing are weak at the district and village levels, and the only significant incentive, namely land allocation, has become ineffectual due to land scarcity and preference for other income sources. Tree growers intend to mainly preserve their present plantation areas, although their interest to expand tree growing areas is weak, and one third of non-growers see tree growing as a potential livelihood diversification option. If the promotion of smallholder tree growing is to be improved, the land and forest policy and associated legislation requires thorough revision and simplification, extension services must be made available, and specific incentives developed to allow smallholders to access land and meet their specific needs.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"28 1","pages":"34 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14728028.2018.1557082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48103192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-26DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2018.1559107
Louis Njie Ndumbe, V. Ingram, M. Tchamba, Smith Nya
ABSTRACT Njansang -Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Pierre ex Pax.- is a commonly traded non-timber forest product from Central African humid forests, used as a spice. South West Cameroon was selected as major production area and market where little data exist on the contribution of njansang to stakeholders livelihoods in the value chain. Interviews were used to gather information from 261 harvesters, traders and processing enterprises. From 2013 to 2015, 65.8 tons were harvested, with 13.17 tons traded in markets in the South West Region and in Nigeria for a value of €33,511. The ease of accessing markets makes a significant difference to the quantity harvested and contribution to harvesters’ household income. Average profit for harvesters is higher in regional markets than in local ones. Harvester’s profits were higher than buy’amsell’ams, retailers and exporters. Processors add the most value and earn the highest unit profits. Livelihood dependence upon njansang decreases along the chain, with harvesters more dependent than traders. Seasonality, corruption, storage and processing, influence price. Long-term value chain sustainability could be improved by increasing collaboration between stakeholders, collective action, disseminating knowledge about processing and storage techniques, and promoting domestication and cultivation to enable trade in this largely wild harvested NTFP to continue sustainably.
{"title":"From trees to money: the contribution of njansang (Ricinodendron heudelotii) products to value chain stakeholders’ financial assets in the South West Region of Cameroon","authors":"Louis Njie Ndumbe, V. Ingram, M. Tchamba, Smith Nya","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2018.1559107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2018.1559107","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Njansang -Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Pierre ex Pax.- is a commonly traded non-timber forest product from Central African humid forests, used as a spice. South West Cameroon was selected as major production area and market where little data exist on the contribution of njansang to stakeholders livelihoods in the value chain. Interviews were used to gather information from 261 harvesters, traders and processing enterprises. From 2013 to 2015, 65.8 tons were harvested, with 13.17 tons traded in markets in the South West Region and in Nigeria for a value of €33,511. The ease of accessing markets makes a significant difference to the quantity harvested and contribution to harvesters’ household income. Average profit for harvesters is higher in regional markets than in local ones. Harvester’s profits were higher than buy’amsell’ams, retailers and exporters. Processors add the most value and earn the highest unit profits. Livelihood dependence upon njansang decreases along the chain, with harvesters more dependent than traders. Seasonality, corruption, storage and processing, influence price. Long-term value chain sustainability could be improved by increasing collaboration between stakeholders, collective action, disseminating knowledge about processing and storage techniques, and promoting domestication and cultivation to enable trade in this largely wild harvested NTFP to continue sustainably.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"28 1","pages":"52 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14728028.2018.1559107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59818179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-09DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2018.1553690
Xiongwen Chen, Hangbiao Jin
ABSTRACT Chinese torreya (Torreya grandis cv Merrilli) is a relict tree cultivar, distributed in the subtropical mixed broadleaved forest zone in eastern China. Chinese torreya was selected long time ago from quality trees of Torreya grandis Fort. ex Lind. and grafted on other Torreya trees, then cultivated by artificial propagation. Due to its commercial importance (e.g., nuts for food and medicinal uses), cultivation and development of large scale industrial plantations for Chinese torreya is under way. This review includes multiple perspectives on this cash tree cultivar, involving grafting, biological characteristics, distribution, functional food and health effects, as well as its contribution to local society, economy and environment. The advantage and challenge in cultivation, management and development of this cultivar in China are discussed. The information will be helpful for introducing this tree elsewhere, developing new products and exploring its livelihoods effects. It is proposed that sustainable development for organic food industry and medical use combined with ecotourism should be encouraged.
{"title":"Review of cultivation and development of Chinese torreya in China","authors":"Xiongwen Chen, Hangbiao Jin","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2018.1553690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2018.1553690","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Chinese torreya (Torreya grandis cv Merrilli) is a relict tree cultivar, distributed in the subtropical mixed broadleaved forest zone in eastern China. Chinese torreya was selected long time ago from quality trees of Torreya grandis Fort. ex Lind. and grafted on other Torreya trees, then cultivated by artificial propagation. Due to its commercial importance (e.g., nuts for food and medicinal uses), cultivation and development of large scale industrial plantations for Chinese torreya is under way. This review includes multiple perspectives on this cash tree cultivar, involving grafting, biological characteristics, distribution, functional food and health effects, as well as its contribution to local society, economy and environment. The advantage and challenge in cultivation, management and development of this cultivar in China are discussed. The information will be helpful for introducing this tree elsewhere, developing new products and exploring its livelihoods effects. It is proposed that sustainable development for organic food industry and medical use combined with ecotourism should be encouraged.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"28 1","pages":"68 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14728028.2018.1553690","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45786412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-06DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2018.1552540
A. van der Meer Simo, P. Kanowski, K. Barney
ABSTRACT Policies in Lao PDR encourage farmers to transition from shifting to sedentary agriculture, and the conversion of ‘degraded’ forest to agricultural and plantation concessions. As access to natural resources becomes increasingly contested in these contexts, it is helpful to better understand the economic value of environmental resources, including ‘degraded’ forests, for rural livelihoods. The ‘environmental income’ from these environmental resources remains underappreciated, in part because of methodological limitations, and is reflected in policy decisions favouring conversion of this natural capital to various forms of agricultural concession. This study draws from immersive fieldwork in four villages in Lao PDR to provide more rigorous evidence about the value of natural capital to rural households. Results show that environmental income was important to all wealth classes of rural households, averaging 23% of total annual household livelihood income. Our findings are consistent with global assessments, help explain why rural Lao people contest development that compromises the natural capital from which they derive environmental income, and emphasise the importance of recognising environmental income in land use and development policies and programmes in Lao PDR.
{"title":"Revealing environmental income in rural livelihoods: evidence from four villages in Lao PDR","authors":"A. van der Meer Simo, P. Kanowski, K. Barney","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2018.1552540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2018.1552540","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Policies in Lao PDR encourage farmers to transition from shifting to sedentary agriculture, and the conversion of ‘degraded’ forest to agricultural and plantation concessions. As access to natural resources becomes increasingly contested in these contexts, it is helpful to better understand the economic value of environmental resources, including ‘degraded’ forests, for rural livelihoods. The ‘environmental income’ from these environmental resources remains underappreciated, in part because of methodological limitations, and is reflected in policy decisions favouring conversion of this natural capital to various forms of agricultural concession. This study draws from immersive fieldwork in four villages in Lao PDR to provide more rigorous evidence about the value of natural capital to rural households. Results show that environmental income was important to all wealth classes of rural households, averaging 23% of total annual household livelihood income. Our findings are consistent with global assessments, help explain why rural Lao people contest development that compromises the natural capital from which they derive environmental income, and emphasise the importance of recognising environmental income in land use and development policies and programmes in Lao PDR.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"28 1","pages":"16 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14728028.2018.1552540","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46772908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-13DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2018.1544101
A. Iddrisu, E. W., Klu G.Y.P., Danso K. E.
ABSTRACT Cotyledon morphology and subsequent establishment of V. paradoxa seedlings that account for its cryptohypogeal germination were studied. To identify the embryonic axis, fresh and partially dry seeds were deshelled and their distal ends transversely cut off. Cut seeds were immersed in 1.0 % tetrazolium chloride (TTC) solution for 24 hours and kept in the dark for staining. To study cotyledon morphology, 50 seeds were deshelled, air-dried for 3–5 days and split open from the distal end. Another batch of 50 seeds were sown directly. The sprouted seeds or seedlings were sampled at 5-day intervals and their cotyledonary tubes sectioned to observe morphological and anatomical features. Morphologically the seed bears a cotyledonary raphe, which lies vertically with distally schizocotylous and proximally syncotylous cotyledons. Large seeds sprouted earlier (7 days) followed by seedling emergence within 61 days, while small seeds sprouted almost a week later (12 days) with seedling emergence within 75 days. The location of the embryos at the proximal ends cause germinating seeds to produce long cotytedonary tubes which bury the plumules deep into the soil, a protection against bushfires. This germination study will enhance nursery establishment for plantation development of V. paradoxa.
{"title":"Observations on seed embryo and germination, seedling morphology and development of Vitellaria paradoxa (C. F. Gaertn.)","authors":"A. Iddrisu, E. W., Klu G.Y.P., Danso K. E.","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2018.1544101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2018.1544101","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Cotyledon morphology and subsequent establishment of V. paradoxa seedlings that account for its cryptohypogeal germination were studied. To identify the embryonic axis, fresh and partially dry seeds were deshelled and their distal ends transversely cut off. Cut seeds were immersed in 1.0 % tetrazolium chloride (TTC) solution for 24 hours and kept in the dark for staining. To study cotyledon morphology, 50 seeds were deshelled, air-dried for 3–5 days and split open from the distal end. Another batch of 50 seeds were sown directly. The sprouted seeds or seedlings were sampled at 5-day intervals and their cotyledonary tubes sectioned to observe morphological and anatomical features. Morphologically the seed bears a cotyledonary raphe, which lies vertically with distally schizocotylous and proximally syncotylous cotyledons. Large seeds sprouted earlier (7 days) followed by seedling emergence within 61 days, while small seeds sprouted almost a week later (12 days) with seedling emergence within 75 days. The location of the embryos at the proximal ends cause germinating seeds to produce long cotytedonary tubes which bury the plumules deep into the soil, a protection against bushfires. This germination study will enhance nursery establishment for plantation development of V. paradoxa.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"28 1","pages":"1 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14728028.2018.1544101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49654848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-02DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2018.1538304
{"title":"TFTL List of referees for 2018","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2018.1538304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2018.1538304","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"27 1","pages":"264 - 264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14728028.2018.1538304","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41538678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-10DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2018.1515040
S. Ke, Ruhe Yan, D. Qiao, L. Zhu
ABSTRACT For an ecological environment that is a “congenitally deficient” such as a rocky desertification area, it is particularly important to carry out adaptive response management. This paper addresses a case study on sealwort (Polygonatum cyrtonema) intercropping under plum trees (SIP) in China’s Chunfeng village. The system was developed in the framework of a land rehabilitation project, through a participatory process involving the villagers. We compare the performance of SIP to the previous management mode (sweet potato intercropping under plum trees: SPIP). Our results show that, although the establishment and operation costs of SIP are relatively important, the net present value of SIP is much higher than that of SPIP. SIP can also increase employment opportunities by, improve the welfare of vulnerable groups and is of some environmental value, especially protecting indigenous plant (sealwort) from overharvesting. However, the establishment and maintenance cost of SIP is huge, and long-term simulation results demonstrate a rather long pay-back period. We conclude in suggesting that similar adaptive management not only consider identifying alternative land-use through a participatory process, but also consider participants’ ability to pay, and market demand of the product.
{"title":"Cost-benefit analysis of an agroforestry innovation on karst land: replacing sweet potato by sealwort (Polygonatum cyrtonema) under plum trees in Chunfeng village, Sichuan province, China","authors":"S. Ke, Ruhe Yan, D. Qiao, L. Zhu","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2018.1515040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2018.1515040","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT For an ecological environment that is a “congenitally deficient” such as a rocky desertification area, it is particularly important to carry out adaptive response management. This paper addresses a case study on sealwort (Polygonatum cyrtonema) intercropping under plum trees (SIP) in China’s Chunfeng village. The system was developed in the framework of a land rehabilitation project, through a participatory process involving the villagers. We compare the performance of SIP to the previous management mode (sweet potato intercropping under plum trees: SPIP). Our results show that, although the establishment and operation costs of SIP are relatively important, the net present value of SIP is much higher than that of SPIP. SIP can also increase employment opportunities by, improve the welfare of vulnerable groups and is of some environmental value, especially protecting indigenous plant (sealwort) from overharvesting. However, the establishment and maintenance cost of SIP is huge, and long-term simulation results demonstrate a rather long pay-back period. We conclude in suggesting that similar adaptive management not only consider identifying alternative land-use through a participatory process, but also consider participants’ ability to pay, and market demand of the product.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"27 1","pages":"217 - 229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14728028.2018.1515040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41498443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-10DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2018.1515041
C. Hakizimana, Julian May
ABSTRACT The role of agriculture in rural development is widely documented in literature. Many analysts regard agriculture, specifically small-scale agriculture, as an effective instrument for poverty reduction and food security, particularly in rural communities of developing countries where large numbers of poor people are concentrated. However whether the focus of such production should be on export crops or for domestic food security remains an issue for debate. Using the avocado industry in Giheta-Burundi, this paper argues that some emerging tree crops such as avocados present enormous opportunities to income generation and food security for small-scale farmers. This paper suggests that small-scale avocado farming presents the economic, market and health potentiality to contribute to a viable and sustainable rural economy through internal markets thereby reducing levels of poverty and malnutrition in this area. From a policy perspective, the paper suggests that the avocado sector needs to be supported by both the private and public sectors, irrespective of whether the crop is consumed, traded domestically or exported. Increasing the capacity of avocado production and trade will then enable small-scale farmers and vendors to gain greater income from this sector.
{"title":"Can smallholder avocado production reduce poverty and improve food security through internal markets? The case of Giheta, Burundi","authors":"C. Hakizimana, Julian May","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2018.1515041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2018.1515041","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The role of agriculture in rural development is widely documented in literature. Many analysts regard agriculture, specifically small-scale agriculture, as an effective instrument for poverty reduction and food security, particularly in rural communities of developing countries where large numbers of poor people are concentrated. However whether the focus of such production should be on export crops or for domestic food security remains an issue for debate. Using the avocado industry in Giheta-Burundi, this paper argues that some emerging tree crops such as avocados present enormous opportunities to income generation and food security for small-scale farmers. This paper suggests that small-scale avocado farming presents the economic, market and health potentiality to contribute to a viable and sustainable rural economy through internal markets thereby reducing levels of poverty and malnutrition in this area. From a policy perspective, the paper suggests that the avocado sector needs to be supported by both the private and public sectors, irrespective of whether the crop is consumed, traded domestically or exported. Increasing the capacity of avocado production and trade will then enable small-scale farmers and vendors to gain greater income from this sector.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"27 1","pages":"203 - 216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14728028.2018.1515041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42208207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-06DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2018.1511480
Ha Van Tiep, P. H. Thuong, L. Nguyen, Hoang Thi Lua, V. Thuan, Lo Thi Kieu, S. Carsan, A. Degrande, D. Catacutan, C. Harwood
ABSTRACT Docynia indica is a tree indigenous to South and Southeast Asia. In Vietnam its fruits are used in the production of juice, tea, syrup, vinegar and wine. In 2012 commercial harvesting from about 3,000 ha of natural stands and planted orchards in the three main growing provinces in Northern Vietnam yielded 6,500 tonnes of fruit. Since then plantations have expanded rapidly, using unimproved local seed sources. From a biological perspective, domestication is straightforward. Seedlings are easily raised and grafting scion material from selected trees onto seedling rootstocks and by top working established trees results in excellent long-term graft retention. Grafted trees yielded heavy fruit crops within three years of planting. Evaluation of the fruit quality of eleven selected clones and eight unselected control trees by a panel of 19 experienced farmers and fruit traders revealed significant differences among individual clones and controls in perceived fruit quality score and estimated fruit selling price, but no overall advantage of the clones over the controls. Future selection and clonal testing should be led by farmers and fruit harvesters, and focus on trees known to yield the highest-value fruits. Development and strengthening of markets is a prerequisite for profitable expansion of D. indica growing.
{"title":"Domestication of Docynia indica in Vietnam","authors":"Ha Van Tiep, P. H. Thuong, L. Nguyen, Hoang Thi Lua, V. Thuan, Lo Thi Kieu, S. Carsan, A. Degrande, D. Catacutan, C. Harwood","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2018.1511480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2018.1511480","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Docynia indica is a tree indigenous to South and Southeast Asia. In Vietnam its fruits are used in the production of juice, tea, syrup, vinegar and wine. In 2012 commercial harvesting from about 3,000 ha of natural stands and planted orchards in the three main growing provinces in Northern Vietnam yielded 6,500 tonnes of fruit. Since then plantations have expanded rapidly, using unimproved local seed sources. From a biological perspective, domestication is straightforward. Seedlings are easily raised and grafting scion material from selected trees onto seedling rootstocks and by top working established trees results in excellent long-term graft retention. Grafted trees yielded heavy fruit crops within three years of planting. Evaluation of the fruit quality of eleven selected clones and eight unselected control trees by a panel of 19 experienced farmers and fruit traders revealed significant differences among individual clones and controls in perceived fruit quality score and estimated fruit selling price, but no overall advantage of the clones over the controls. Future selection and clonal testing should be led by farmers and fruit harvesters, and focus on trees known to yield the highest-value fruits. Development and strengthening of markets is a prerequisite for profitable expansion of D. indica growing.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"27 1","pages":"230 - 242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14728028.2018.1511480","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46658270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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