Pub Date : 2021-03-18DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2021.1891976
Thi Thanh Phuong Duong, L. A. Lobry de Bruyn, P. Kristiansen, G. Marshall, Janelle Wilkes
ABSTRACT There is growing evidence that collection of non-timber-forest products (NTFPs) remains an essential part of livelihoods for people living near protected areas in developing countries. This study examined the nature and level of livelihood reliance of households on the collection and use of NTFPs and alternative income streams for three ethnic groups (Chau Ma, Stieng and Kinh) in a village in the buffer zone adjacent to Cat Tien National Park, Dong Nai province, Vietnam. Household surveys (n = 150) and key informant interviews (n = 10) were conducted to collect data on forest usage, household socio-economy, and collection of NTFPs. About one-third of Chau Ma and Stieng households had a high reliance on NTFPs, while Kinh households having no reliance on NTFPs for their livelihood. The dependence on NTFPs for Chau Ma and Stieng people was a result of limited opportunities for other livelihood options due to a complex set of factors, including among others low education levels and imposed fundamental changes to their traditional livelihoods. For Chau Ma and Stieng people struggling to adjust from a subsistence forest-based livelihood to living outside the forest, around 42% continued to visit the forest for cultural reasons including traditional food and ceremonies, albeit at low to moderate levels (63%). It is proposed that government authorities acknowledge the livelihood role for local people of low-level traditional use of NTFPs. In addition, for those people who are highly reliant on NTFPs, alternative livelihood strategies should be developed further, to better engage their local knowledge and skills in the co-management of the Park forest.
{"title":"Nature and level of NTFP reliance: a case study in the buffer zone of Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam","authors":"Thi Thanh Phuong Duong, L. A. Lobry de Bruyn, P. Kristiansen, G. Marshall, Janelle Wilkes","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2021.1891976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2021.1891976","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There is growing evidence that collection of non-timber-forest products (NTFPs) remains an essential part of livelihoods for people living near protected areas in developing countries. This study examined the nature and level of livelihood reliance of households on the collection and use of NTFPs and alternative income streams for three ethnic groups (Chau Ma, Stieng and Kinh) in a village in the buffer zone adjacent to Cat Tien National Park, Dong Nai province, Vietnam. Household surveys (n = 150) and key informant interviews (n = 10) were conducted to collect data on forest usage, household socio-economy, and collection of NTFPs. About one-third of Chau Ma and Stieng households had a high reliance on NTFPs, while Kinh households having no reliance on NTFPs for their livelihood. The dependence on NTFPs for Chau Ma and Stieng people was a result of limited opportunities for other livelihood options due to a complex set of factors, including among others low education levels and imposed fundamental changes to their traditional livelihoods. For Chau Ma and Stieng people struggling to adjust from a subsistence forest-based livelihood to living outside the forest, around 42% continued to visit the forest for cultural reasons including traditional food and ceremonies, albeit at low to moderate levels (63%). It is proposed that government authorities acknowledge the livelihood role for local people of low-level traditional use of NTFPs. In addition, for those people who are highly reliant on NTFPs, alternative livelihood strategies should be developed further, to better engage their local knowledge and skills in the co-management of the Park forest.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"30 1","pages":"116 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14728028.2021.1891976","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48331133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2021.1878061
C. G. Stevens, F. D. Ugese, P. Baiyeri
ABSTRACT Elemental nutrient and vitamin content of the leaves and seeds of 10 Moringa oleifera provenances across Nigeria were evaluated. Results revealed significant main effect of accession only with respect to Ca content. Maiduguri and Giri provenances had the highest values of Ca while Ityomu and Dooshima had the least. Plant parts showed significant differences in all mineral traits considered. The leaves were consistently high in P, K, Ca, Mg, N and Fe while the seeds had comparatively higher concentrations of Na, Mn, Cu and Zn. All the vitamins evaluated except B1 and B6, showed significant response to accession. Vitamin A was highly concentrated in samples from Kolo and Awo-Garaji while Mayo-Belwa, Rini, Awo-Garaji, Idere and Dooshima had high accumulations of Vitamin B2. The Kolo accession h topped in Vitamins B12 and E. Influence of plant part was significant on all vitamins tested except Vitamins B1 and B12. All the vitamins showing significant variation concentrated more in the seeds than in the leaves. Biplot graphs revealed greater association of certain vitamins and minerals with particular accessions. It is conclusive that vitamins had more variable distribution across locations than minerals, and were also more concentrated in the seeds than the leaves.
{"title":"Variations in mineral and vitamin content of Moringa oleifera provenances across Nigeria","authors":"C. G. Stevens, F. D. Ugese, P. Baiyeri","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2021.1878061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2021.1878061","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Elemental nutrient and vitamin content of the leaves and seeds of 10 Moringa oleifera provenances across Nigeria were evaluated. Results revealed significant main effect of accession only with respect to Ca content. Maiduguri and Giri provenances had the highest values of Ca while Ityomu and Dooshima had the least. Plant parts showed significant differences in all mineral traits considered. The leaves were consistently high in P, K, Ca, Mg, N and Fe while the seeds had comparatively higher concentrations of Na, Mn, Cu and Zn. All the vitamins evaluated except B1 and B6, showed significant response to accession. Vitamin A was highly concentrated in samples from Kolo and Awo-Garaji while Mayo-Belwa, Rini, Awo-Garaji, Idere and Dooshima had high accumulations of Vitamin B2. The Kolo accession h topped in Vitamins B12 and E. Influence of plant part was significant on all vitamins tested except Vitamins B1 and B12. All the vitamins showing significant variation concentrated more in the seeds than in the leaves. Biplot graphs revealed greater association of certain vitamins and minerals with particular accessions. It is conclusive that vitamins had more variable distribution across locations than minerals, and were also more concentrated in the seeds than the leaves.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"30 1","pages":"106 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14728028.2021.1878061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43344730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-29DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2020.1863865
Anna Shortly, T. Kepe
ABSTRACT More often than not, foraging for wild products, such as berries, mushrooms, and weeds, is not currently permitted in many urban parks across North America. Nonetheless, foraging in urban green spaces is an ongoing and increasingly popular practice in many cities. Research has found that people forage in urban green spaces for reasons beyond supplementing their diet with wild foods, including cultivating a deeper connection with nature, maintaining cultural identities and practices, and participating in environmental stewardship. Acknowledging and legitimizing wild products in urban spaces has potential positive implications for fostering human-nature relationships in the city, and increasing equitable access and control over urban forest and green space resources. Drawing on a scan of foraging practices and edible landscaping projects and interviews with key informants in Toronto, Canada, this paper explores the opportunities and challenges of incorporating foraging practices into parks planning and management. The paper concludes that urban parkland managers should establish spaces for foraging, such as community orchards and food forests, in order to safely and sustainably accommodate foraging practices in public greenspaces alongside other uses.
{"title":"Consuming the city: challenges and possibilities for foraging in Toronto’s parks","authors":"Anna Shortly, T. Kepe","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2020.1863865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2020.1863865","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT More often than not, foraging for wild products, such as berries, mushrooms, and weeds, is not currently permitted in many urban parks across North America. Nonetheless, foraging in urban green spaces is an ongoing and increasingly popular practice in many cities. Research has found that people forage in urban green spaces for reasons beyond supplementing their diet with wild foods, including cultivating a deeper connection with nature, maintaining cultural identities and practices, and participating in environmental stewardship. Acknowledging and legitimizing wild products in urban spaces has potential positive implications for fostering human-nature relationships in the city, and increasing equitable access and control over urban forest and green space resources. Drawing on a scan of foraging practices and edible landscaping projects and interviews with key informants in Toronto, Canada, this paper explores the opportunities and challenges of incorporating foraging practices into parks planning and management. The paper concludes that urban parkland managers should establish spaces for foraging, such as community orchards and food forests, in order to safely and sustainably accommodate foraging practices in public greenspaces alongside other uses.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"30 1","pages":"75 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14728028.2020.1863865","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47126140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-21DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2020.1863866
V. Loch, D. Celentano, Ernesto Gómez Cardozo, G. Rousseau
ABSTRACT This article explores factors that incentivize farmers to adopt diversification practices in agriculture (agroecological transition). The research was conducted between January 2013 and November 2017, involving eight agrovilas (rural villages built for relocated communities) in the Alcântara municipality, Maranhão– Brazil. Activities included training courses, workshops, farmer’s field visits, implantation of productive systems, and continuing technical assistance. Semi-structured interviews were carried out to understand the environmental perception of farmers involved or not in the agroecological transition process (n = 41). The farmers undergoing an agroecological transition in Alcântara have augmented their diversity of cultivated species by 76%, mainly tree species. Interestingly, formal education was unrelated to the adoption of more biodiverse systems or the promotion of environmental protection actions. Likewise, families with more income from non-agricultural sources tend to diversify less and not to plant trees. Non-formal education through spaces such as knowledge exchanges represents an important means of encouragement. On the other hand, land tenure insecurity discourages the adoption of perennial practices such as agroforestry systems. Public policies that value the implementation of agroecological transition systems are decisive for achieving the success and adherence of more farmers.
{"title":"Towards agroecological transition in degraded soils of the eastern Amazon","authors":"V. Loch, D. Celentano, Ernesto Gómez Cardozo, G. Rousseau","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2020.1863866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2020.1863866","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article explores factors that incentivize farmers to adopt diversification practices in agriculture (agroecological transition). The research was conducted between January 2013 and November 2017, involving eight agrovilas (rural villages built for relocated communities) in the Alcântara municipality, Maranhão– Brazil. Activities included training courses, workshops, farmer’s field visits, implantation of productive systems, and continuing technical assistance. Semi-structured interviews were carried out to understand the environmental perception of farmers involved or not in the agroecological transition process (n = 41). The farmers undergoing an agroecological transition in Alcântara have augmented their diversity of cultivated species by 76%, mainly tree species. Interestingly, formal education was unrelated to the adoption of more biodiverse systems or the promotion of environmental protection actions. Likewise, families with more income from non-agricultural sources tend to diversify less and not to plant trees. Non-formal education through spaces such as knowledge exchanges represents an important means of encouragement. On the other hand, land tenure insecurity discourages the adoption of perennial practices such as agroforestry systems. Public policies that value the implementation of agroecological transition systems are decisive for achieving the success and adherence of more farmers.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"30 1","pages":"90 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14728028.2020.1863866","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41902081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-18DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2020.1863864
H. Le, Thi Mai Hoa Tran, Huong Thanh Pham
ABSTRACT In coping with significant deforestation, forest degradation, and a lack of raw materials for the wood processing industry, currently in Hoa Binh province, massive reforestation projects have been implemented. However, when remarkable attempts and investments have been made in reforestation, interaction of household characteristics, socio-economic and institutional factors with small-scale forest tree planting decision are still little understood in Vietnam in general and in the study area in particular. In this study, 250 households of 2 districts, namely Cao Phong and Kim Boi, in Hoa Binh province were surveyed on factors influencing forest tree planting decision by households. We found that five main factors – including attitude to forest tree planting, knowledge of household head on silviculture, investment capital, participation in forest programs, and age of household head – significantly influenced forest tree planting decision by households in the study area.
{"title":"Key factors influencing forest tree planting decisions of households: A case study in Hoa Binh province, Vietnam","authors":"H. Le, Thi Mai Hoa Tran, Huong Thanh Pham","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2020.1863864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2020.1863864","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In coping with significant deforestation, forest degradation, and a lack of raw materials for the wood processing industry, currently in Hoa Binh province, massive reforestation projects have been implemented. However, when remarkable attempts and investments have been made in reforestation, interaction of household characteristics, socio-economic and institutional factors with small-scale forest tree planting decision are still little understood in Vietnam in general and in the study area in particular. In this study, 250 households of 2 districts, namely Cao Phong and Kim Boi, in Hoa Binh province were surveyed on factors influencing forest tree planting decision by households. We found that five main factors – including attitude to forest tree planting, knowledge of household head on silviculture, investment capital, participation in forest programs, and age of household head – significantly influenced forest tree planting decision by households in the study area.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"30 1","pages":"57 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14728028.2020.1863864","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49632012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-10DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2020.1857310
A. Kouyaté, A. Diallo, Ismaïla Diarra, E. Padonou, S. Traoré, A. Lykke, P. Van Damme
ABSTRACT Edible products from native trees, shrubs and lianas are often important sources of various nutrients. In this study, we assessed the perception of farmers from southern Mali concerning the use of fruits from Saba senegalensis. We also assessed their perception regarding the effects of saba fruit juice on growth, strength and health as a measure of its role to fight malnutrition. We interviewed 150 informants using semi-structured questionnaires and used descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests to assess the informants’ socio-demographic characteristics in relation to saba fruit consumption and perception. Fruits are consumed in three major forms: raw, as juice and as condiment. Over 60% of women and over 70% of men believe that saba juice increases strength and improves health, but has no impact on growth. This perception depends on gender, ethnic group and location, but not age. Efforts should be made to sustain the availability and the use of saba within local communities. We also recommend to improve the processing and conservation of the fruit juice.
{"title":"Local knowledge of Saba senegalensis fruits against malnutrition in Mali","authors":"A. Kouyaté, A. Diallo, Ismaïla Diarra, E. Padonou, S. Traoré, A. Lykke, P. Van Damme","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2020.1857310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2020.1857310","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Edible products from native trees, shrubs and lianas are often important sources of various nutrients. In this study, we assessed the perception of farmers from southern Mali concerning the use of fruits from Saba senegalensis. We also assessed their perception regarding the effects of saba fruit juice on growth, strength and health as a measure of its role to fight malnutrition. We interviewed 150 informants using semi-structured questionnaires and used descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests to assess the informants’ socio-demographic characteristics in relation to saba fruit consumption and perception. Fruits are consumed in three major forms: raw, as juice and as condiment. Over 60% of women and over 70% of men believe that saba juice increases strength and improves health, but has no impact on growth. This perception depends on gender, ethnic group and location, but not age. Efforts should be made to sustain the availability and the use of saba within local communities. We also recommend to improve the processing and conservation of the fruit juice.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"30 1","pages":"47 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14728028.2020.1857310","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46818000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-07DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2020.1852975
S. Tambe, S. Patnaik, A. Upadhyay, A. Edgaonkar, Rekha Singhal, Jigyasa Bisaria, P. Srivastava, Kailash Dahake, Mohan H. Hiralal, Devaji Tofa, Sanjay Telharkar, Vijay Edlabadkar, V. Dethe, Kunal Shekhar
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to assess the management of bamboo across the gradient of government and community-managed forests in Maharashtra, a leading Central-Indian state in decentralized forest governance. Over the last few decades, new right-based legislations have paved the way for decentralizing forest governance in India. We first pioneered the multi-stakeholder co-production of criteria and indicators to assess the sustainability of bamboo management. Following this, the sustainability assessment was carried out using mixed methods combining vegetation surveys, focus group discussions and secondary records. We could not detect a significant role of governance in determining bamboo health across governance systems. Instead, sites with favourable locality and biotic factors supported a healthy bamboo crop. We found that while government institutions maximized financial efficiency, community institutions performed better on delivering livelihood benefits and participatory decision making. We could not find evidence of large scale over-harvesting in the community-managed forests. On the contrary, less than 5% of the bamboo potential in these villages was harvested. Traditional bamboo management across the governance gradient focused largely on production aspects. Graduating to sustainable bamboo management will require better protection, resource augmentation, sustainable harvest, enhancing livelihood benefits and creating new bulk markets.
{"title":"Assessing the sustainability of bamboo management in central Indian forests","authors":"S. Tambe, S. Patnaik, A. Upadhyay, A. Edgaonkar, Rekha Singhal, Jigyasa Bisaria, P. Srivastava, Kailash Dahake, Mohan H. Hiralal, Devaji Tofa, Sanjay Telharkar, Vijay Edlabadkar, V. Dethe, Kunal Shekhar","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2020.1852975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2020.1852975","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to assess the management of bamboo across the gradient of government and community-managed forests in Maharashtra, a leading Central-Indian state in decentralized forest governance. Over the last few decades, new right-based legislations have paved the way for decentralizing forest governance in India. We first pioneered the multi-stakeholder co-production of criteria and indicators to assess the sustainability of bamboo management. Following this, the sustainability assessment was carried out using mixed methods combining vegetation surveys, focus group discussions and secondary records. We could not detect a significant role of governance in determining bamboo health across governance systems. Instead, sites with favourable locality and biotic factors supported a healthy bamboo crop. We found that while government institutions maximized financial efficiency, community institutions performed better on delivering livelihood benefits and participatory decision making. We could not find evidence of large scale over-harvesting in the community-managed forests. On the contrary, less than 5% of the bamboo potential in these villages was harvested. Traditional bamboo management across the governance gradient focused largely on production aspects. Graduating to sustainable bamboo management will require better protection, resource augmentation, sustainable harvest, enhancing livelihood benefits and creating new bulk markets.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"30 1","pages":"28 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14728028.2020.1852975","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47492359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-03DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2020.1852974
Justine Orina, J. Mukundi, A. O. Adimo, F. K. Rimberia, Monica A. Omondi, J. Gebauer, K. Kehlenbeck
ABSTRACT Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) is a multipurpose wild fruit tree of sub-Saharan Africa with unknown population demographic stability. This study assessed the baobab population structure in two main growing regions of Kenya where thirty-five plots (0.5 × 3 km each) were set in two transects, along road C107 in the coastal region and B9 in the lower Eastern Kenya, covering different agro-ecological zones (AEZs). For all baobabs within a plot, position, height and diameter at breast height (DBH) were recorded, stem densities calculated and DBH size-class distribution (SCD) curves developed. In total, 599 and 1351 baobab trees were recorded in the 14 and 21 plots in the Coastal and lower Eastern regions, respectively with densities of 0.285 (±0.07 S.E.) and 0.429 (±0.07 S.E.) stems/ha, respectively. The rather dry AEZ “Lower Midland 5” had a significantly higher density of mature (p = .047) and total trees (p = .028) than the other zones. However, at regional level (coast versus eastern), there were no significant differences in the densities of juvenile, mature or total baobab trees. Negative SCD slopes obtained in the two regions indicated more trees in the smaller size classes and hence good recruitment. The results indicated stable populations in general, but local communities should be encouraged to maintain existing trees and promote the establishment of young baobabs.
{"title":"Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) population structure across different agro-ecological zones in Coastal and lower Eastern Kenya","authors":"Justine Orina, J. Mukundi, A. O. Adimo, F. K. Rimberia, Monica A. Omondi, J. Gebauer, K. Kehlenbeck","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2020.1852974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2020.1852974","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) is a multipurpose wild fruit tree of sub-Saharan Africa with unknown population demographic stability. This study assessed the baobab population structure in two main growing regions of Kenya where thirty-five plots (0.5 × 3 km each) were set in two transects, along road C107 in the coastal region and B9 in the lower Eastern Kenya, covering different agro-ecological zones (AEZs). For all baobabs within a plot, position, height and diameter at breast height (DBH) were recorded, stem densities calculated and DBH size-class distribution (SCD) curves developed. In total, 599 and 1351 baobab trees were recorded in the 14 and 21 plots in the Coastal and lower Eastern regions, respectively with densities of 0.285 (±0.07 S.E.) and 0.429 (±0.07 S.E.) stems/ha, respectively. The rather dry AEZ “Lower Midland 5” had a significantly higher density of mature (p = .047) and total trees (p = .028) than the other zones. However, at regional level (coast versus eastern), there were no significant differences in the densities of juvenile, mature or total baobab trees. Negative SCD slopes obtained in the two regions indicated more trees in the smaller size classes and hence good recruitment. The results indicated stable populations in general, but local communities should be encouraged to maintain existing trees and promote the establishment of young baobabs.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"30 1","pages":"13 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14728028.2020.1852974","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43234600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-12DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2020.1844601
A. Valipour, H. Ghazanfari, M. Lexer, M. Namiranian
ABSTRACT Vast areas of Zagros Forests in Iran are mainly stocked by old oak trees have been subject to traditional land use practices which resulted in failure of oak regeneration to pass the browsing horizon. Since coppice regeneration provides a fast-growing alternative to seed regeneration as well as lack of knowledge in this context, the present study aimed to investigate the sprouting ability of Lebanon oak. In total, 45 Lebanon oak trees from three diameter classes were cut by chainsaw. Monitoring the sprouting behavior during the first year after cutting indicated that the number of sprouts was largest for intermediate DBH class. Whereas there was no significant difference in mean sprout height per stump between the DBH categories, the height of dominant sprouts per stump was significantly larger for the intermediate category. The spatial distribution pattern of sprouts showed that sprouts were uniformly distributed around the stumps in most cases. In Zagros forests, coppice regeneration may be a viable means to sustain fodder and fuel wood production for the upcoming decades. This study can contribute to find management strategies for balancing the protection goals and the needs of local stakeholders who depend heavily on the sustainable use of forest resources.
{"title":"Early sprouting behaviour of Lebanon oak (Quercus libani Oliv.) in Zagros forests of Iran","authors":"A. Valipour, H. Ghazanfari, M. Lexer, M. Namiranian","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2020.1844601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2020.1844601","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Vast areas of Zagros Forests in Iran are mainly stocked by old oak trees have been subject to traditional land use practices which resulted in failure of oak regeneration to pass the browsing horizon. Since coppice regeneration provides a fast-growing alternative to seed regeneration as well as lack of knowledge in this context, the present study aimed to investigate the sprouting ability of Lebanon oak. In total, 45 Lebanon oak trees from three diameter classes were cut by chainsaw. Monitoring the sprouting behavior during the first year after cutting indicated that the number of sprouts was largest for intermediate DBH class. Whereas there was no significant difference in mean sprout height per stump between the DBH categories, the height of dominant sprouts per stump was significantly larger for the intermediate category. The spatial distribution pattern of sprouts showed that sprouts were uniformly distributed around the stumps in most cases. In Zagros forests, coppice regeneration may be a viable means to sustain fodder and fuel wood production for the upcoming decades. This study can contribute to find management strategies for balancing the protection goals and the needs of local stakeholders who depend heavily on the sustainable use of forest resources.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"30 1","pages":"1 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14728028.2020.1844601","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49165711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2020.1827049
T. Gill, D. Ader, Pao Srean, L. Hok, Sophal Cheat, A. Lear
ABSTRACT In northwest Cambodia, the majority of smallholder households own livestock. Poor consistency in feed supply throughout the year is a major constraint to livestock performance. Another critical challenge, livestock roaming in the dry season for forage, results in smallholders having few options to protect any post-rice dry season cropping activity from free-ranging animals. Living fences have the potential to address both these challenges, by providing high-quality feed for livestock throughout the year, while also serving as a barrier to protect the land from livestock grazing. A mixed-methods approach was used with communities in Battambang Province, including household surveys, a fodder production experiment, a cattle feeding trial, farmer training and data on dissemination and adoption. Results showed that living fence species, such as Leucaena leucocephala, can produce 2.5 kg of fresh weight per week per 100 trees during the dry season. This biomass volume is sufficient to supplement cattle diets so that a smallholder can sustain a small percentage weight gain in cows throughout the dry season. Critical challenges, including land tenure, physical access to paddy lands, and the gendered nature of these farming systems, remain for realizing private benefit on paddy lands culturally considered public in the dry season.
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