Pub Date : 2020-09-13DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2020.1812444
P. Tripathi, Kashyap, Shipra Shah
ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to assess the effect of organic manures on the growth and yield of three medicinal plant species (Andrographis paniculata, Withania somnifera and Ocimum sanctum) in an experimental peach-based agroforestry system. The experiment lasted 2 years. It was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with three replications each year, made up of 10 treatments for each medicinal plant at three different doses of vermicompost (2 t/ha, 4 t/ha, 6 t/ha) and three different doses of farmyard manure (15 t/ha, 20 t/ha, 25 t/ha) with or without peach trees. It was observed that the three species could successfully be cultivated as intercrops under peach without any adverse impact on their performance and production ability. Growth and yield attributes of MAPs were higher when intercropped under peach than under sole cropping system. The application of organic amendments had a significant effect on growth and yield of MAPs with superior performance at higher doses. This study emphasizes the potential of integrating medicinal plants in existing fruit-based systems as an efficient strategy for traditional farming communities in the Indian Himalayas to maximize land use efficiency and minimize resource degradation.
{"title":"Effect of organic amendments on growth and yield attributes of medicinal and aromatic plants under peach-based agroforestry system in the mid-hills of the Western Himalayas","authors":"P. Tripathi, Kashyap, Shipra Shah","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2020.1812444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2020.1812444","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to assess the effect of organic manures on the growth and yield of three medicinal plant species (Andrographis paniculata, Withania somnifera and Ocimum sanctum) in an experimental peach-based agroforestry system. The experiment lasted 2 years. It was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with three replications each year, made up of 10 treatments for each medicinal plant at three different doses of vermicompost (2 t/ha, 4 t/ha, 6 t/ha) and three different doses of farmyard manure (15 t/ha, 20 t/ha, 25 t/ha) with or without peach trees. It was observed that the three species could successfully be cultivated as intercrops under peach without any adverse impact on their performance and production ability. Growth and yield attributes of MAPs were higher when intercropped under peach than under sole cropping system. The application of organic amendments had a significant effect on growth and yield of MAPs with superior performance at higher doses. This study emphasizes the potential of integrating medicinal plants in existing fruit-based systems as an efficient strategy for traditional farming communities in the Indian Himalayas to maximize land use efficiency and minimize resource degradation.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"29 1","pages":"222 - 237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14728028.2020.1812444","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45478939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-08DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2020.1814875
K. Marquardt, A. Pain, D. Khatri
ABSTRACT In this paper we use a patches approach to study changes in local land-use practices in response to constraints of labour and the increasing effects of climate change. Drawing on a mix of different participatory exercises and in-depth interviews we describe five categories of land use patches in two contrasting study areas in Nepal. We examine how decreasing access to land, labour and water generate socially differentiated local landscapes. Our findings point toward adaptive land-use responses that secure a subsistence production, encourage close integration between crop and tree land practices, but are supported by a remittance economy. This logic of local land use is not recognised by either agricultural or forestry institutions. We argue that an ongoing debate on land abandonment in Nepal is an example of how narrow sectoral understandings fail to comprehend adaptation practices in a complex landscape system.
{"title":"Re-reading Nepalese landscapes: labour, water, farming patches and trees","authors":"K. Marquardt, A. Pain, D. Khatri","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2020.1814875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2020.1814875","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper we use a patches approach to study changes in local land-use practices in response to constraints of labour and the increasing effects of climate change. Drawing on a mix of different participatory exercises and in-depth interviews we describe five categories of land use patches in two contrasting study areas in Nepal. We examine how decreasing access to land, labour and water generate socially differentiated local landscapes. Our findings point toward adaptive land-use responses that secure a subsistence production, encourage close integration between crop and tree land practices, but are supported by a remittance economy. This logic of local land use is not recognised by either agricultural or forestry institutions. We argue that an ongoing debate on land abandonment in Nepal is an example of how narrow sectoral understandings fail to comprehend adaptation practices in a complex landscape system.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"29 1","pages":"238 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14728028.2020.1814875","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48952455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-28DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2020.1798818
Y. Andriyana, P. Thaler, R. Chiarawipa, Jessada Sopharat
ABSTRACT Introducing permanently an associated crop in rubber plantations may improve biodiversity and soil cover, optimize resource use, and diversify farmer’s income. However, the associated crop may also compete with the rubber trees for resources such as space and water. The case of bamboo-rubber agroforestry system is peculiar, as bamboos present features common to both grasses and trees, they grow fast and are considered strong competitors for water. Soil organic matter and water content, bulk density, root distribution, canopy cover, and rain interception were studied on farm to understand the effects of bamboo intercropped in rubber tree plantation, compared with rubber monoculture in southern Thailand. In the rubber-bamboo association, soil water content was lower in shallow depth, whereas it increased in deeper horizons. There was no significant difference in fine root distribution of rubber trees with or without bamboo; therefore, the total root density (rubber + bamboo) was higher in the association. Canopy cover and rain interception were also higher in association with bamboo. Further studies are required to better understand in this system, the balance between higher superficial water use and increased water retention in lower soil depth, together with more specific studies on soil properties, tree development, and latex yield.
{"title":"On-farm effect of bamboo intercropping on soil water content and root distribution in rubber tree plantation","authors":"Y. Andriyana, P. Thaler, R. Chiarawipa, Jessada Sopharat","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2020.1798818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2020.1798818","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introducing permanently an associated crop in rubber plantations may improve biodiversity and soil cover, optimize resource use, and diversify farmer’s income. However, the associated crop may also compete with the rubber trees for resources such as space and water. The case of bamboo-rubber agroforestry system is peculiar, as bamboos present features common to both grasses and trees, they grow fast and are considered strong competitors for water. Soil organic matter and water content, bulk density, root distribution, canopy cover, and rain interception were studied on farm to understand the effects of bamboo intercropped in rubber tree plantation, compared with rubber monoculture in southern Thailand. In the rubber-bamboo association, soil water content was lower in shallow depth, whereas it increased in deeper horizons. There was no significant difference in fine root distribution of rubber trees with or without bamboo; therefore, the total root density (rubber + bamboo) was higher in the association. Canopy cover and rain interception were also higher in association with bamboo. Further studies are required to better understand in this system, the balance between higher superficial water use and increased water retention in lower soil depth, together with more specific studies on soil properties, tree development, and latex yield.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"29 1","pages":"205 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14728028.2020.1798818","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48008097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2020.1791261
Benjamin Lankoandé, A. Ouédraogo, A. Kouyaté, I. Boussim, A. Lykke
ABSTRACT Lophira lanceolata is an important indigenous oil tree species with high socio-economic potential in Africa. This study aimed to assess the fruit production of the species, the impact of infestation on production, and the variability of fruit morphological traits. Thirty mature trees were sampled from each of the two sites in western Burkina Faso. For each tree, all the fruits were collected, counted, dried, and weighed. One hundred fruits were randomly sampled per tree to estimate the infestation rate. 300 fruits collected on 30 trees were sampled to measure their morphological traits. Analysis of variance and regression analyses were performed to test for relationships between fruit production and stem diameter of trees. Results showed that the mean annual fruit production per tree varied significantly among diameter classes, from 0.47 to 8.01 kg dry mass. The infestation rate varied between 3% and 18% of the total fruit production. The prediction model showed a great predictive ability for fruit production (pR2 = 62%) with stem diameter and crown area of trees as explanatory variables. Three shape-groups of fruits were distinguished: spindle-shape (30%), orbicular-shape (19%), and elliptic-shape (51%). Lophira lanceolata has a high fruit production potential with spindle-shaped fruits as the most interesting for exploitation.
{"title":"Production and morphological traits of Lophira lanceolata fruits in natural stands","authors":"Benjamin Lankoandé, A. Ouédraogo, A. Kouyaté, I. Boussim, A. Lykke","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2020.1791261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2020.1791261","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Lophira lanceolata is an important indigenous oil tree species with high socio-economic potential in Africa. This study aimed to assess the fruit production of the species, the impact of infestation on production, and the variability of fruit morphological traits. Thirty mature trees were sampled from each of the two sites in western Burkina Faso. For each tree, all the fruits were collected, counted, dried, and weighed. One hundred fruits were randomly sampled per tree to estimate the infestation rate. 300 fruits collected on 30 trees were sampled to measure their morphological traits. Analysis of variance and regression analyses were performed to test for relationships between fruit production and stem diameter of trees. Results showed that the mean annual fruit production per tree varied significantly among diameter classes, from 0.47 to 8.01 kg dry mass. The infestation rate varied between 3% and 18% of the total fruit production. The prediction model showed a great predictive ability for fruit production (pR2 = 62%) with stem diameter and crown area of trees as explanatory variables. Three shape-groups of fruits were distinguished: spindle-shape (30%), orbicular-shape (19%), and elliptic-shape (51%). Lophira lanceolata has a high fruit production potential with spindle-shaped fruits as the most interesting for exploitation.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"29 1","pages":"176 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14728028.2020.1791261","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44152490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2020.1790432
Lina Gogoi, N. Gogoi, B. Borkotoki, R. Kataki
ABSTRACT The effect of forest litter biochar on seed germination and early growth of two tree species (Trewia nudiflora and Lagerstroemia speciosa) was examined in a selected forest area of Nameri National Park, India. All tested biochar applications (from 1 t ha−1 to 6 t ha−1) significantly increased germination percentage, germination index, vigor index, and dry weight of 30 days old seedlings for both species, compared to the control (no biochar). The highest increases were obtained for both species and for all the above variables when biochar was added at the highest rate (6 t ha−1). Results of the seedling growth experiment, with the same biochar applications (from 1 t ha−1 to 6 t ha−1), show that 2 years after planting, all biochar doses had a significant depressing effect on the growth of the two species, except for the highest dose (6 t ha−1) which shows a low but significant increase in growth for both species.
研究了森林凋落物生物炭对印度Nameri国家公园两种树种(Trewia nudiflora和Lagerstroemia speciosa)种子萌发和早期生长的影响。与对照(未施用生物炭)相比，施用生物炭(从1 t ha−1到6 t ha−1)显著提高了两种植物30日龄幼苗的发芽率、萌发指数、活力指数和干重。当生物炭以最高的添加速率(6 t ha - 1)添加时，这两个物种和上述所有变量的增幅都最大。幼苗生长试验结果表明，在相同的生物炭用量(从1 tha−1到6 tha−1)下，种植2年后，除最高剂量(6 tha−1)外，所有生物炭用量对两种树种的生长均有显著抑制作用，最高剂量(6 tha−1)对两种树种的生长均有较低但显著的促进作用。
{"title":"Efficacy of biochar application on seed germination and early growth of forest tree species in semi-evergreen, moist deciduous forest","authors":"Lina Gogoi, N. Gogoi, B. Borkotoki, R. Kataki","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2020.1790432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2020.1790432","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The effect of forest litter biochar on seed germination and early growth of two tree species (Trewia nudiflora and Lagerstroemia speciosa) was examined in a selected forest area of Nameri National Park, India. All tested biochar applications (from 1 t ha−1 to 6 t ha−1) significantly increased germination percentage, germination index, vigor index, and dry weight of 30 days old seedlings for both species, compared to the control (no biochar). The highest increases were obtained for both species and for all the above variables when biochar was added at the highest rate (6 t ha−1). Results of the seedling growth experiment, with the same biochar applications (from 1 t ha−1 to 6 t ha−1), show that 2 years after planting, all biochar doses had a significant depressing effect on the growth of the two species, except for the highest dose (6 t ha−1) which shows a low but significant increase in growth for both species.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"29 1","pages":"158 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14728028.2020.1790432","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43615904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2020.1798817
J. Bond, J. Millar, Jorge Ramos
ABSTRACT This paper describes the emerging livelihood benefits and challenges of community reforestation in Timor-Leste and discusses implications for smallholder carbon forestry schemes. Social research was conducted in an upland area of central Timor Leste with farmers who have been planting trees since 2012 for soil stabilisation, timber, biodiversity enhancement and potential carbon income. A semi-structured survey of 40 tree planting households across six villages was conducted in 2017 to determine the perceived benefits and challenges of reforestation. Additional in-depth, qualitative interviews were conducted in 2018 with 5 village leaders, 8 project farmers and 10 non-project farmers to gain a deeper understanding of some of the issues raised in the survey. Farmers reported that the benefits of tree plantations were income from tree payments from an NGO; investment in children’s education; and improved biodiversity. The challenges to reforestation included livestock damage; lack of water; insects; weeds; and distance to the tree plantations. We conclude that community-based reforestation projects in Timor Leste have the potential to contribute to smallholders’ livelihoods through direct carbon payments and ecosystem services. However, household equity in terms of land ownership, labour, carbon income and social development need to be addressed.
{"title":"Livelihood benefits and challenges of community reforestation in Timor Leste: implications for smallholder carbon forestry schemes","authors":"J. Bond, J. Millar, Jorge Ramos","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2020.1798817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2020.1798817","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper describes the emerging livelihood benefits and challenges of community reforestation in Timor-Leste and discusses implications for smallholder carbon forestry schemes. Social research was conducted in an upland area of central Timor Leste with farmers who have been planting trees since 2012 for soil stabilisation, timber, biodiversity enhancement and potential carbon income. A semi-structured survey of 40 tree planting households across six villages was conducted in 2017 to determine the perceived benefits and challenges of reforestation. Additional in-depth, qualitative interviews were conducted in 2018 with 5 village leaders, 8 project farmers and 10 non-project farmers to gain a deeper understanding of some of the issues raised in the survey. Farmers reported that the benefits of tree plantations were income from tree payments from an NGO; investment in children’s education; and improved biodiversity. The challenges to reforestation included livestock damage; lack of water; insects; weeds; and distance to the tree plantations. We conclude that community-based reforestation projects in Timor Leste have the potential to contribute to smallholders’ livelihoods through direct carbon payments and ecosystem services. However, household equity in terms of land ownership, labour, carbon income and social development need to be addressed.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"29 1","pages":"187 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14728028.2020.1798817","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44490965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-31DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2020.1770131
H. Le, T. Nguyen
ABSTRACT In Vietnam, most research has addressed important ecological and biological aspects of NTFPs, but research on the relationship between NTFPs and livelihoods of rural households is still limited. This research, therefore, seeks to fill a gap in understanding of the contribution of NTFPs to the livelihoods of forest-dependent people in Vietnam. Structured interviews were held with 100 households in three villages in Truong Son commune, Luong Son district, Hoa Binh Province, Vietnam with different types of household wealth ranking. The indirect opportunity cost (IOC) method was applied to provide an indirect estimate of the economic value of NTFP extraction by households. This research showed that NTFPs contribute moderately to livelihoods of all forest-dependent people in Vietnam, but that NTFPs are a more important livelihood source for poor households than for moderate and rich households. Significant determinants of a household’s dependence on NTFPs are the number of adults, other types of cash income (e.g. off-farm cash income, animal husbandry cash income, other forest activities cash income, pension, and salaries). The research findings suggest several implications for policymakers.
{"title":"The contribution of non-timber forest products to the livelihoods of forest-dependent people: a case study in Hoa Binh province, Vietnam","authors":"H. Le, T. Nguyen","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2020.1770131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2020.1770131","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In Vietnam, most research has addressed important ecological and biological aspects of NTFPs, but research on the relationship between NTFPs and livelihoods of rural households is still limited. This research, therefore, seeks to fill a gap in understanding of the contribution of NTFPs to the livelihoods of forest-dependent people in Vietnam. Structured interviews were held with 100 households in three villages in Truong Son commune, Luong Son district, Hoa Binh Province, Vietnam with different types of household wealth ranking. The indirect opportunity cost (IOC) method was applied to provide an indirect estimate of the economic value of NTFP extraction by households. This research showed that NTFPs contribute moderately to livelihoods of all forest-dependent people in Vietnam, but that NTFPs are a more important livelihood source for poor households than for moderate and rich households. Significant determinants of a household’s dependence on NTFPs are the number of adults, other types of cash income (e.g. off-farm cash income, animal husbandry cash income, other forest activities cash income, pension, and salaries). The research findings suggest several implications for policymakers.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"29 1","pages":"143 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14728028.2020.1770131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45569452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2020.1759464
D. Castro, V. Rozycki, Juan Diego Cortez Latorre, C. A. Alesso, E. Exner, A. Piagentini, M. Pirovani
ABSTRACT Pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.) is an under-utilized berry in Argentina characterized by high bioactive compound content, sweet flavour, and high antioxidant capacity. The variation of fruit quality attributes of pitanga, as an input for further domestication programs, was evaluated. Pitanga fruits from three different provenances were collected in 2015 in Santa Fe province (Argentina), and their quality attributes for the fresh market and processing were evaluated. Variance component analysis was performed to test intra- and inter-provenance variation on fruit quality. Differences in mean values between provenances were tested by multivariate analysis of variance. About 70% to 82% of the total variance of fruit size was attributed to intra-provenance variability. Also, significant differences between provenances were found in most of the studied quality attributes. When compared to pitangas from Brazilian provenances, the pitangas tested here showed smaller fruit size (−75% fruit weight and −43% diameter), but same proportion of edible portion (≈77%). Pitanga ideotypes for the fresh market should have bigger sized fruits than observed in our research. However, pitanga ideotypes for fruit pulp processing should have a high percentage of edible portion and nutrients regardless of fruit size. Our data thus show that the tested fruits would have a high potential for fruit processing but not for the fresh market. Further research addressing sensory attributes of candidate phenotypes is recommended.
{"title":"Variation of Eugenia uniflora L. fruit quality attributes in the south of the Argentine Gran Chaco","authors":"D. Castro, V. Rozycki, Juan Diego Cortez Latorre, C. A. Alesso, E. Exner, A. Piagentini, M. Pirovani","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2020.1759464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2020.1759464","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.) is an under-utilized berry in Argentina characterized by high bioactive compound content, sweet flavour, and high antioxidant capacity. The variation of fruit quality attributes of pitanga, as an input for further domestication programs, was evaluated. Pitanga fruits from three different provenances were collected in 2015 in Santa Fe province (Argentina), and their quality attributes for the fresh market and processing were evaluated. Variance component analysis was performed to test intra- and inter-provenance variation on fruit quality. Differences in mean values between provenances were tested by multivariate analysis of variance. About 70% to 82% of the total variance of fruit size was attributed to intra-provenance variability. Also, significant differences between provenances were found in most of the studied quality attributes. When compared to pitangas from Brazilian provenances, the pitangas tested here showed smaller fruit size (−75% fruit weight and −43% diameter), but same proportion of edible portion (≈77%). Pitanga ideotypes for the fresh market should have bigger sized fruits than observed in our research. However, pitanga ideotypes for fruit pulp processing should have a high percentage of edible portion and nutrients regardless of fruit size. Our data thus show that the tested fruits would have a high potential for fruit processing but not for the fresh market. Further research addressing sensory attributes of candidate phenotypes is recommended.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"29 1","pages":"130 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14728028.2020.1759464","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47819582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2020.1753585
S. Rahayu, D. Laraswati, A. A. Pratama, M. Sahide, D. Permadi, W. Wibowo, T. S. Widyaningsih, E.S.M. Suprapto, W. Andayani, A. Maryudi
ABSTRACT The government of Indonesia is ambitiously planning for more expansion of social forestry with a target of 12.7 million ha of state land to be distributed to local communities through several permit-based social forestry schemes. To deliver the target, the central forest bureaucracy issued a new forest extension policy, which enables non-government organizations (NGOs) to get involved in government extension services. This short commentary analyses aspects related to the coordination and synergies between government agencies and NGOs to achieve their common goals in extension activities. NGOs possess strengths as an agent of community development programs with technical and organizational expertise and experience in mobilizing communities. However, given their contrasted characteristics in terms of organizational settings, goals and objectives, there are challenges facing NGOs when partnering with government institutions. They may face rigid and demanding bureaucratic procedures, and complex coordination.
{"title":"Bureaucratizing non-government organizations as governmental forest extension services in social forestry policy in Indonesia","authors":"S. Rahayu, D. Laraswati, A. A. Pratama, M. Sahide, D. Permadi, W. Wibowo, T. S. Widyaningsih, E.S.M. Suprapto, W. Andayani, A. Maryudi","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2020.1753585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2020.1753585","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The government of Indonesia is ambitiously planning for more expansion of social forestry with a target of 12.7 million ha of state land to be distributed to local communities through several permit-based social forestry schemes. To deliver the target, the central forest bureaucracy issued a new forest extension policy, which enables non-government organizations (NGOs) to get involved in government extension services. This short commentary analyses aspects related to the coordination and synergies between government agencies and NGOs to achieve their common goals in extension activities. NGOs possess strengths as an agent of community development programs with technical and organizational expertise and experience in mobilizing communities. However, given their contrasted characteristics in terms of organizational settings, goals and objectives, there are challenges facing NGOs when partnering with government institutions. They may face rigid and demanding bureaucratic procedures, and complex coordination.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"29 1","pages":"119 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14728028.2020.1753585","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49397660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2020.1752312
J. Chiveu, Ute Ubbenjans, K. Kehlenbeck, E. Pawelzik, Marcel Naumann
ABSTRACT Common guava (Psidium guajava L.) is valued for its fruit, which is a source of vitamins, minerals, and natural antioxidants. However, guava production faces salinity challenges globally. Salinity through sodium chloride (NaCl) – 0 mM (control), 10/20 mM (low), 20/40 mM (medium), and 40/80 mM (high) – supplied through a standard Hoagland nutrient solution to 10 genetically diverse guava accessions from Kenya was investigated. Leaf number and dry matter (DM) were significantly reduced at the medium and high salinity levels while root DM remained similar. Root water content increased with rising salinity levels, whereas leaf water content was significantly reduced at the high NaCl level. A decrease in the leaf potassium/sodium (K/Na) and calcium/sodium (Ca/Na) ratios with increasing salinity was observed, possibly due to the high accumulation of Na rather than to the replacement of K and Ca. Leaf phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) decreased with increasing salinity. Leaf boron (B) and iron (Fe) were significantly reduced only at the high salinity level. Differences among the accessions relative to the accumulation of Na were observed and positively correlated with the DM. Thus, the ability to maintain more DM under salt stress could serve as an indicator for salinity tolerance in Kenyan guava.
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