Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2021.1985625
M. Tembani, L. Mujuru, A. Mureva, P. Mutete, T. Gotore, A. Muchawona, P. Makumbe, R. Murepa
ABSTRACT This study examines the emergence and development of collective action and institutional arrangements in forest communities in Zimbabwe. The research adopted a qualitative approach using 87 key informant interviews and 1054 questionnaires administered to randomly selected households from deforestation hotspots in five districts. Based on a theoretical concept that collective action depends on resource system characteristics, actor networks, institutional arrangements and the external environment, the study explored patterns in the emergence of collective action. The study further explored actor networks to illustrate applicability of Social Network Analysis (SNA) as a proxy of collective action and institutional arrangements. Results suggest that actor networks reflect the existing strength and intensity of collective action and institutional arrangements. Forest tenure has a bearing on the intensity of collective action. Forest resources under state management, though more productive in terms of goods and services than those under communal management, have a low capacity for collective action and the emergence of new institutions. Results suggest that a high diversity of actors relates to a high intensity of collective action and an emergence of new institutional arrangements. These findings have a bearing on policy and forest management strategies for forest resources under community and state proprietorship.
{"title":"Institutional arrangements and collective action: evidence from forest management in Zimbabwe","authors":"M. Tembani, L. Mujuru, A. Mureva, P. Mutete, T. Gotore, A. Muchawona, P. Makumbe, R. Murepa","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2021.1985625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2021.1985625","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines the emergence and development of collective action and institutional arrangements in forest communities in Zimbabwe. The research adopted a qualitative approach using 87 key informant interviews and 1054 questionnaires administered to randomly selected households from deforestation hotspots in five districts. Based on a theoretical concept that collective action depends on resource system characteristics, actor networks, institutional arrangements and the external environment, the study explored patterns in the emergence of collective action. The study further explored actor networks to illustrate applicability of Social Network Analysis (SNA) as a proxy of collective action and institutional arrangements. Results suggest that actor networks reflect the existing strength and intensity of collective action and institutional arrangements. Forest tenure has a bearing on the intensity of collective action. Forest resources under state management, though more productive in terms of goods and services than those under communal management, have a low capacity for collective action and the emergence of new institutions. Results suggest that a high diversity of actors relates to a high intensity of collective action and an emergence of new institutional arrangements. These findings have a bearing on policy and forest management strategies for forest resources under community and state proprietorship.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"30 1","pages":"258 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44535511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2021.1989327
G. Kanmegne, G. F. Kamtat, T. Fonkou
ABSTRACT The establishment of an efficient propagation protocol is one of the most important steps in the domestication of agroforestry trees. Using Cola acuminata as a biological model, the present study investigated the interaction between exogenous auxin and reduced levels of stockplant irradiance for its effect on the rooting of stem cuttings. In a 3 × 4 factorial experiment, three levels of stockplant irradiance and four concentrations of indole 3-butyric acid (IBA) were tested for their effect on the rooting potential of leafy stem cuttings. Relationship between flavonoid content of stockplants and rooting potential of stem cuttings was also investigated. Results showed that percentage of cuttings rooted significantly increased, as did the mean number of roots, with decreasing levels of stockplant irradiance. Likewise, rooting was enhanced by all applications of IBA. 100% rooting was achieved under the combination of 50% and 25% ambient irradiance together with 2% and 4% IBA. The mean number of roots was greatest (11.4 ± 0.2) when 4% IBA was combined with 25% ambient sunlight. Flavonoid content of plant extracts decreased with stockplant irradiance. There were significant negative correlations between flavonoid content of plant extracts and the rooting parameters of cuttings.
{"title":"Synergistic interaction of exogenous auxin and reduced level of stockplant irradiance on the rooting of cola acuminata (Pal. De Beauv.) stem cuttings: applications for agroforestry trees domestication","authors":"G. Kanmegne, G. F. Kamtat, T. Fonkou","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2021.1989327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2021.1989327","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The establishment of an efficient propagation protocol is one of the most important steps in the domestication of agroforestry trees. Using Cola acuminata as a biological model, the present study investigated the interaction between exogenous auxin and reduced levels of stockplant irradiance for its effect on the rooting of stem cuttings. In a 3 × 4 factorial experiment, three levels of stockplant irradiance and four concentrations of indole 3-butyric acid (IBA) were tested for their effect on the rooting potential of leafy stem cuttings. Relationship between flavonoid content of stockplants and rooting potential of stem cuttings was also investigated. Results showed that percentage of cuttings rooted significantly increased, as did the mean number of roots, with decreasing levels of stockplant irradiance. Likewise, rooting was enhanced by all applications of IBA. 100% rooting was achieved under the combination of 50% and 25% ambient irradiance together with 2% and 4% IBA. The mean number of roots was greatest (11.4 ± 0.2) when 4% IBA was combined with 25% ambient sunlight. Flavonoid content of plant extracts decreased with stockplant irradiance. There were significant negative correlations between flavonoid content of plant extracts and the rooting parameters of cuttings.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"30 1","pages":"275 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47081518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2021.1980741
J. Schelhas, Sarah Hitchner, P. Dwivedi, Marc Thomas
ABSTRACT Black rural land ownership and agriculture in the U.S. South have declined markedly over the past century. The challenges of farming and the rise of off-farm employment mean that forestry is often the most appropriate productive land use choice, yet engagement in forest management is often limited in Black landowners. The literature has identified the primary obstacles for forestry as land ownership issues such as heirs’ property, a disconnect between Black landowners and forestry professionals, and poor access to the conservation assistance programs supporting family forestry. Yet our understanding of these factors is incomplete. This paper provides an in-depth exploration of the factors influencing forestry engagement by Black landowners in the U.S. South based on in-person, semi-structured interviews and analysis of the resulting quantitative and qualitative data. The results suggest that past discrimination has often led to smaller landholdings and insecure land tenure, which limit forestry engagement. In addition, we find that forestry engagement is further hindered by family disagreement, as well as research and outreach initiatives that fail to acknowledge traditional forest use and management practices and narrowly focus on technical forestry while ignoring social contexts.
{"title":"Understanding black landowner’s engagement in forestry in Georgia, United States: a closer look","authors":"J. Schelhas, Sarah Hitchner, P. Dwivedi, Marc Thomas","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2021.1980741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2021.1980741","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Black rural land ownership and agriculture in the U.S. South have declined markedly over the past century. The challenges of farming and the rise of off-farm employment mean that forestry is often the most appropriate productive land use choice, yet engagement in forest management is often limited in Black landowners. The literature has identified the primary obstacles for forestry as land ownership issues such as heirs’ property, a disconnect between Black landowners and forestry professionals, and poor access to the conservation assistance programs supporting family forestry. Yet our understanding of these factors is incomplete. This paper provides an in-depth exploration of the factors influencing forestry engagement by Black landowners in the U.S. South based on in-person, semi-structured interviews and analysis of the resulting quantitative and qualitative data. The results suggest that past discrimination has often led to smaller landholdings and insecure land tenure, which limit forestry engagement. In addition, we find that forestry engagement is further hindered by family disagreement, as well as research and outreach initiatives that fail to acknowledge traditional forest use and management practices and narrowly focus on technical forestry while ignoring social contexts.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"30 1","pages":"242 - 257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46080133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-19DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2021.1980117
V. Ntoko, Matthias Schmidt
ABSTRACT Indigenous People have always provided meanings to natural ecosystems, but knowledge on local environments and their management has been eroded. This study analyses indigenous knowledge systems practiced by the native people of Mount Cameroon and explores their role in biodiversity protection and local livelihoods. To achieve this objective, empirical data were collected from four villages in the study area by conducting focus group discussions, key informant interviews and participant observation. This paper reveals that the forests around Mount Cameroon are essential to the economic and socio-cultural lives of the indigenous population. Furthermore, local institutions play an important role in forest management, and sacred sites, libations, totems, taboos and traditional ceremonies are means through which Indigenous People contribute to biodiversity conservation. Also, conventional forest management regimes such as the village forest management committees have created a new elite class, tensions and conflicts, disregard and weakening of customary laws and institutions. This study augments knowledge on the interrelations between local livelihoods, natural resources and indigenous environmental management systems by depicting how the current loss of biodiversity is perceived to be related to the weakening and erosion of local knowledge.
{"title":"Indigenous knowledge systems and biodiversity conservation on Mount Cameroon","authors":"V. Ntoko, Matthias Schmidt","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2021.1980117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2021.1980117","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Indigenous People have always provided meanings to natural ecosystems, but knowledge on local environments and their management has been eroded. This study analyses indigenous knowledge systems practiced by the native people of Mount Cameroon and explores their role in biodiversity protection and local livelihoods. To achieve this objective, empirical data were collected from four villages in the study area by conducting focus group discussions, key informant interviews and participant observation. This paper reveals that the forests around Mount Cameroon are essential to the economic and socio-cultural lives of the indigenous population. Furthermore, local institutions play an important role in forest management, and sacred sites, libations, totems, taboos and traditional ceremonies are means through which Indigenous People contribute to biodiversity conservation. Also, conventional forest management regimes such as the village forest management committees have created a new elite class, tensions and conflicts, disregard and weakening of customary laws and institutions. This study augments knowledge on the interrelations between local livelihoods, natural resources and indigenous environmental management systems by depicting how the current loss of biodiversity is perceived to be related to the weakening and erosion of local knowledge.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"30 1","pages":"227 - 241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59818194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2021.1944328
A. Tsobeng, E. Asaah, S. Kang’ethe, M. Avana-Tientcheu, Z. Tchoundjeu, A. Muchugi, R. Jamnadass
ABSTRACT Grafting scions of trees with desirable features is an important step for the domestication of indigenous forest fruit trees. Two experiments were carried out in the World Agroforestry (ICRAF) experimental nursery at Yaoundé (Cameroon) to assess the graft success of five forest fruit tree species identified as priority species for domestication in West and Central Africa namely Irvingia gabonensis, Garcinia kola, Cola nitida, Ricinodendron heudelotii and Monodora myristica. In experiment 1, various grafting methods (i.e. side tongue, top cleft, side veneer, and whip-and-tongue) were tested. In experiment 2, three Irvingia species rootstocks (i.e. I. grandifolia, I. gabonensis and I. wombolu) were tested for the grafting of scions of I. gabonensis. Experiment 1 shows that the grafting method significantly affected the percentage of graft success all the tested species except G. kola where all methods resulted in a very high percentage of graft success. The top cleft grafting method had the highest percentage of success, whatever the species. Experiment 2 shows that the type of rootstock significantly influenced the graft success of I. gabonensis scions, with I. wombolu rootstocks showing the highest percentage of graft success at 45.5 ± 7.75%. Our results can guide future propagation programs for these priority fruit tree species for domestication purposes.
{"title":"Amenability of priority indigenous fruit trees of West and Central Africa to grafting","authors":"A. Tsobeng, E. Asaah, S. Kang’ethe, M. Avana-Tientcheu, Z. Tchoundjeu, A. Muchugi, R. Jamnadass","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2021.1944328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2021.1944328","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Grafting scions of trees with desirable features is an important step for the domestication of indigenous forest fruit trees. Two experiments were carried out in the World Agroforestry (ICRAF) experimental nursery at Yaoundé (Cameroon) to assess the graft success of five forest fruit tree species identified as priority species for domestication in West and Central Africa namely Irvingia gabonensis, Garcinia kola, Cola nitida, Ricinodendron heudelotii and Monodora myristica. In experiment 1, various grafting methods (i.e. side tongue, top cleft, side veneer, and whip-and-tongue) were tested. In experiment 2, three Irvingia species rootstocks (i.e. I. grandifolia, I. gabonensis and I. wombolu) were tested for the grafting of scions of I. gabonensis. Experiment 1 shows that the grafting method significantly affected the percentage of graft success all the tested species except G. kola where all methods resulted in a very high percentage of graft success. The top cleft grafting method had the highest percentage of success, whatever the species. Experiment 2 shows that the type of rootstock significantly influenced the graft success of I. gabonensis scions, with I. wombolu rootstocks showing the highest percentage of graft success at 45.5 ± 7.75%. Our results can guide future propagation programs for these priority fruit tree species for domestication purposes.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"30 1","pages":"186 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14728028.2021.1944328","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47149973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2021.1925975
Ployrada Phumee, A. Pagdee
ABSTRACT Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are essential provisions for many households, yet mobility and socioeconomic development are changing forest connections for those who live in rural areas. Despite being far away, some villagers remain attached to their childhood residences, especially for food consumption, leading to an increased demand for NTFPs. This study examined rural livelihoods and use of NTFPs, including economic value, trade-offs, and responses to market demands. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 199 individuals at three villages in Udon Thani, northeast Thailand during 2017. In addition, 46 forest users from outside the villages participated in the study. Subjects reported eight groups of NTFPs harvested, accounting for nearly 10% of average household annual income. Although most local villagers harvested NTFPs for household consumption, 21% did so for income generation. Moreover, 55% of forest users transported NTFPs elsewhere, either by direct trading or to their children and/or relatives living in other cities. Increased market demand pressure villagers to change their selling tactics. Instead of gathering NTFPs directly from the forests, some individuals purchased and re-sold them to local traders for higher prices. Local economies are changing from subsistence to market-driven and cash-dependent livelihoods.
{"title":"From subsistence to market-driven: the role of non-timber forest products at community forests in Northeast Thailand","authors":"Ployrada Phumee, A. Pagdee","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2021.1925975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2021.1925975","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are essential provisions for many households, yet mobility and socioeconomic development are changing forest connections for those who live in rural areas. Despite being far away, some villagers remain attached to their childhood residences, especially for food consumption, leading to an increased demand for NTFPs. This study examined rural livelihoods and use of NTFPs, including economic value, trade-offs, and responses to market demands. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 199 individuals at three villages in Udon Thani, northeast Thailand during 2017. In addition, 46 forest users from outside the villages participated in the study. Subjects reported eight groups of NTFPs harvested, accounting for nearly 10% of average household annual income. Although most local villagers harvested NTFPs for household consumption, 21% did so for income generation. Moreover, 55% of forest users transported NTFPs elsewhere, either by direct trading or to their children and/or relatives living in other cities. Increased market demand pressure villagers to change their selling tactics. Instead of gathering NTFPs directly from the forests, some individuals purchased and re-sold them to local traders for higher prices. Local economies are changing from subsistence to market-driven and cash-dependent livelihoods.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"30 1","pages":"151 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14728028.2021.1925975","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42146559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2021.1958064
Kouadio Venance-Pâques Gniayou, Kossonou Affia Sonmia Francia, Diby N’guessan Lucien, Adingra Kouamé Kra Modeste, Adou Yao Constant Yves
ABSTRACT Cocoa production in Côte d’Ivoire is generally based on “full sun” crops. However, the presence of traditional agroforestry systems based on cocoa (AFSc) has been highlighted in several regions including the Centre and Centre-West. This study aimed to provide information on the financial profitability and the potential economic value of simple, mixed and complex AFSc types identified in central Côte d’Ivoire. A socio-economic survey and direct observations carried out among farmers with these AFSc types, revealed an annual average cocoa production of 207.7 kgha−1 (i.e. US$323.9). This income does not vary significantly from one type to another. Fruit species associated with cocoa trees yield an average of US$32.39 ha-1yr-1. This fruit contribution is more important in simple AFSc than in the two other types. Considering the profitability of cocoa trees and associated species, no system is more profitable than the other. However, the potential economic value of the stored carbon and the other benefits that the complex AFSc type provides to farmers make this type more efficient and sustainable than the two others considering ecosystem services. We therefore recommend that payment for ecosystems services be considered if one would like to promote complex cocoa agroforestry systems in the study areas.
{"title":"Socio-economic assessment of different cocoa agroforestry systems in the forest-Savannah transition zone in central Côte d’Ivoire","authors":"Kouadio Venance-Pâques Gniayou, Kossonou Affia Sonmia Francia, Diby N’guessan Lucien, Adingra Kouamé Kra Modeste, Adou Yao Constant Yves","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2021.1958064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2021.1958064","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Cocoa production in Côte d’Ivoire is generally based on “full sun” crops. However, the presence of traditional agroforestry systems based on cocoa (AFSc) has been highlighted in several regions including the Centre and Centre-West. This study aimed to provide information on the financial profitability and the potential economic value of simple, mixed and complex AFSc types identified in central Côte d’Ivoire. A socio-economic survey and direct observations carried out among farmers with these AFSc types, revealed an annual average cocoa production of 207.7 kgha−1 (i.e. US$323.9). This income does not vary significantly from one type to another. Fruit species associated with cocoa trees yield an average of US$32.39 ha-1yr-1. This fruit contribution is more important in simple AFSc than in the two other types. Considering the profitability of cocoa trees and associated species, no system is more profitable than the other. However, the potential economic value of the stored carbon and the other benefits that the complex AFSc type provides to farmers make this type more efficient and sustainable than the two others considering ecosystem services. We therefore recommend that payment for ecosystems services be considered if one would like to promote complex cocoa agroforestry systems in the study areas.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"30 1","pages":"195 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14728028.2021.1958064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49524771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2021.1958065
H. Brown
ABSTRACT Forming 16 percent of the global population and growing, the large numbers of youth particularly in the developing world presents both a challenge and an opportunity. Although better educated than their parents, young men and women are chronically unemployed or in vulnerable work positions. While the majority of young people live in rural areas, these issues have sometimes resulted in large scale migration from rural to urban areas. In forested areas, those who remain are often highly dependent on forests for goods and services for their livelihood. Community forestry has been shown to be an effective strategy for sustainable forest management and livelihoods. Unfortunately, youth have often been marginalized in benefiting from or participating in decision-making about community forests. This is frequently attributed to local, cultural, and traditional norms that give priority to older generations in decision-making. Given their stake in sustainable forest management in a post-pandemic world, as well as their large numbers, it is important to utilize new approaches to bring young men and women together with older generations to address challenges and foster opportunities. This will then capitalize on the knowledge, energy, enthusiasm, innovative ideas, leadership ability, technological literacy, and resilience that youth can contribute to community forest management and rural communities.
{"title":"Youth, migration and community forestry in the Global South","authors":"H. Brown","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2021.1958065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2021.1958065","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Forming 16 percent of the global population and growing, the large numbers of youth particularly in the developing world presents both a challenge and an opportunity. Although better educated than their parents, young men and women are chronically unemployed or in vulnerable work positions. While the majority of young people live in rural areas, these issues have sometimes resulted in large scale migration from rural to urban areas. In forested areas, those who remain are often highly dependent on forests for goods and services for their livelihood. Community forestry has been shown to be an effective strategy for sustainable forest management and livelihoods. Unfortunately, youth have often been marginalized in benefiting from or participating in decision-making about community forests. This is frequently attributed to local, cultural, and traditional norms that give priority to older generations in decision-making. Given their stake in sustainable forest management in a post-pandemic world, as well as their large numbers, it is important to utilize new approaches to bring young men and women together with older generations to address challenges and foster opportunities. This will then capitalize on the knowledge, energy, enthusiasm, innovative ideas, leadership ability, technological literacy, and resilience that youth can contribute to community forest management and rural communities.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"30 1","pages":"213 - 225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14728028.2021.1958065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49347390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2021.1948922
Romeo Oduro Akrasi, I. Egyir, Alhassan Wayo Seini, M. Awo, E. Okyere, Kodjo Barnor
ABSTRACT Shea is an important resource that support livelihoods and food security in northern Ghana. This study assesses the contribution of shea’s contribution to collectors’ income and food security. Shea income contributes about 21% to total income. Using The Food Consumption Score (FCS) to determine household food security status of shea collector households, majority of households (75.3%) were found to lack high food security. The Ordered Logit Regression (OLR) model was used to estimate the effect of shea income on household food security. The effect of shea income on food security was minimal. Income obtained from combining shea collection, farming and butter production has the highest effect on household food security. Other factors found to positively affect food security were attainment of basic education, farm size, picking nuts from family field, number of household’s food contributors while household size had an inverse effect on food security. The study recommends the encouragement of positive gender relations that allow women to have access to shea resources and advocates training to build capacity of collectors in other livelihood activities.
{"title":"Food Security in Northern Ghana: Does Income from Shea Based Livelihoods Matter?","authors":"Romeo Oduro Akrasi, I. Egyir, Alhassan Wayo Seini, M. Awo, E. Okyere, Kodjo Barnor","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2021.1948922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2021.1948922","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Shea is an important resource that support livelihoods and food security in northern Ghana. This study assesses the contribution of shea’s contribution to collectors’ income and food security. Shea income contributes about 21% to total income. Using The Food Consumption Score (FCS) to determine household food security status of shea collector households, majority of households (75.3%) were found to lack high food security. The Ordered Logit Regression (OLR) model was used to estimate the effect of shea income on household food security. The effect of shea income on food security was minimal. Income obtained from combining shea collection, farming and butter production has the highest effect on household food security. Other factors found to positively affect food security were attainment of basic education, farm size, picking nuts from family field, number of household’s food contributors while household size had an inverse effect on food security. The study recommends the encouragement of positive gender relations that allow women to have access to shea resources and advocates training to build capacity of collectors in other livelihood activities.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"30 1","pages":"169 - 185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14728028.2021.1948922","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47590053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-24DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2021.1904010
C. Mawa, D. M. Tumusiime, F. Babweteera
ABSTRACT Most developing countries in the tropics have embraced various forms of community-based forest management. Uganda’s Community Forestry (CF) approach grants de jure rights to community groups to manage and own proceeds from specified forest resources to enhance socio-ecological benefits. However, two decades following its implementation, there is insufficient empirical evidence linking changes in local community livelihoods to participation in CF. Guided by insights from the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA), we conducted a cross-sectional survey in seven villages surrounding two de facto CFs in mid-western Uganda to quantify and compare livelihood capitals, strategies and outcomes among 40 households that were members of Communal Land Associations (CLAs) that are mandated to manage the CFs and 91 non-member households. Our results indicate significant improvements in access to natural, social and financial capitals of CLA member households. On-farm income was the main household income source in the area, but households also exhibited heavy dependence on forest environmental income observed to reduce poverty incidence by 12.5% and 5.5% among CLA member and non-member households, respectively. In order to significantly contribute to rural livelihoods, conservation and development interventions should amplify both economic and non-economic incentives to consolidate the gains that have been made while developing human and physical capital.
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