Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2023.2212701
G. Acquaah, J. N. Kimengsi, A. Were
ABSTRACT There is extensive literature on forest management institutional responses as a function of socio-economic and political factors, albeit limited evidence on responses triggered by health shocks. To bridge this gap, this paper analyses forest management institutional response approaches around the Busitema Forest Reserve in Uganda, using the COVID-19 pandemic as a case. Household surveys (n = 135), focus group discussions (n = 4) and key informant interviews (n = 8) provided the relevant data. The results indicate that compliance with formal and informal institutions increased during the pandemic; this was attributed to fear and uncertainty about the mode of spread of the COVID-19 virus, which was flagged by mainstream media as a zoonotic disease. Formal institutional enforcement agents, therefore, used the pandemic to forward their agenda and reinforce rules that aim to exclude local people from resource appropriation in this reserve. The response was further manifested through the transposition of existing institutions to new functions, changes in rule application and the introduction of new rules. These responses paved the way for formal institutions to tighten their control of forest resource use by allying with informal institutions. The study provides complementary evidence on institutional change with an emphasis on COVID-19 as a health-related trigger.
{"title":"Response of forest management institutions to health-related shocks. Learning from the Busitema Forest Reserve of Uganda during the COVID-19 outbreak","authors":"G. Acquaah, J. N. Kimengsi, A. Were","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2023.2212701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2023.2212701","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There is extensive literature on forest management institutional responses as a function of socio-economic and political factors, albeit limited evidence on responses triggered by health shocks. To bridge this gap, this paper analyses forest management institutional response approaches around the Busitema Forest Reserve in Uganda, using the COVID-19 pandemic as a case. Household surveys (n = 135), focus group discussions (n = 4) and key informant interviews (n = 8) provided the relevant data. The results indicate that compliance with formal and informal institutions increased during the pandemic; this was attributed to fear and uncertainty about the mode of spread of the COVID-19 virus, which was flagged by mainstream media as a zoonotic disease. Formal institutional enforcement agents, therefore, used the pandemic to forward their agenda and reinforce rules that aim to exclude local people from resource appropriation in this reserve. The response was further manifested through the transposition of existing institutions to new functions, changes in rule application and the introduction of new rules. These responses paved the way for formal institutions to tighten their control of forest resource use by allying with informal institutions. The study provides complementary evidence on institutional change with an emphasis on COVID-19 as a health-related trigger.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"32 1","pages":"167 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41821546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-03DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2023.2207131
Maria Beatriz Ferreira, Ivonete Alves Bakke, O. Bakke, G. G. D. Sousa, Gilvanete da Silva Henrique, Guilherme Ferreira de Brito, Antonio Wesly Batista, Éllida Cilene de Oliveira Dantas, Alex Nascimento de Sousa, W. Ferreira, Marcos Vinícius da Silva
ABSTRACT The density and distribution of three tree species of local economic importance with, but sometimes without, thorns (Mimosa tenuiflora, Piptadenia stipulacea) or urticating hairs (Cnidoscolus quercifolius) thriving in native seasonally dry tropical forests, were assessed in a 43.5-hectare cattle-grazed caatinga remnant, located in Patos/Paraíba, Brazil. We recorded and georeferenced all the thorny and thornless regenerant plants (≥50 cm high and circumference at breast height (CBH) < 6 cm). We also recorded and georeferenced all the mature thorny and thornless trees (CBH ≥ 6 cm); in addition all the thornless mature trees and their respective nearest thorny mature plant were measured. Thornless M. tenuiflora, P. stipulacea and C. quercifolius totaled 560, 9 and 13 plants, respectively. The thornless plants formed groups and the mature ones showed height and CBH similar to their respective nearest mature thorny neighbor. Based on our data and on published data, we suggest management practices aiming at replacing thorny trees by thornless trees, including among others: the planting of 15 groups/ha of, respectively, 7, 2 and 2 thornless M. tenuiflora, P. stipulacea and C. quercifolius seedlings. Such a progressive replacement of the thorny trees by thornless trees would facilitate grazing and the management of the forest.
{"title":"Distribution of thornless Mimosa tenuiflora, Piptadenia stipulacea and Cnidoscolus quercifolius in a seasonally dry tropical forest remnant","authors":"Maria Beatriz Ferreira, Ivonete Alves Bakke, O. Bakke, G. G. D. Sousa, Gilvanete da Silva Henrique, Guilherme Ferreira de Brito, Antonio Wesly Batista, Éllida Cilene de Oliveira Dantas, Alex Nascimento de Sousa, W. Ferreira, Marcos Vinícius da Silva","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2023.2207131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2023.2207131","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The density and distribution of three tree species of local economic importance with, but sometimes without, thorns (Mimosa tenuiflora, Piptadenia stipulacea) or urticating hairs (Cnidoscolus quercifolius) thriving in native seasonally dry tropical forests, were assessed in a 43.5-hectare cattle-grazed caatinga remnant, located in Patos/Paraíba, Brazil. We recorded and georeferenced all the thorny and thornless regenerant plants (≥50 cm high and circumference at breast height (CBH) < 6 cm). We also recorded and georeferenced all the mature thorny and thornless trees (CBH ≥ 6 cm); in addition all the thornless mature trees and their respective nearest thorny mature plant were measured. Thornless M. tenuiflora, P. stipulacea and C. quercifolius totaled 560, 9 and 13 plants, respectively. The thornless plants formed groups and the mature ones showed height and CBH similar to their respective nearest mature thorny neighbor. Based on our data and on published data, we suggest management practices aiming at replacing thorny trees by thornless trees, including among others: the planting of 15 groups/ha of, respectively, 7, 2 and 2 thornless M. tenuiflora, P. stipulacea and C. quercifolius seedlings. Such a progressive replacement of the thorny trees by thornless trees would facilitate grazing and the management of the forest.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"32 1","pages":"189 - 206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43194946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2023.2199367
E. Bayala, M. Ros-Tonen, T. Sunderland, H. Djoudi, J. Reed
ABSTRACT Over the past 20 years, recurrent and violent conflicts between farmers and Fulani pastoralists have persisted in Northern Ghana. These conflicts mainly revolve around access to and utilisation of natural resources such as land and water. Conflicts of interest have led to the social marginalisation of the Fulani community, leading to their exclusion from formal landscape governance processes. This paper explores the prospects for better management of these conflicts and the potential for including Fulani pastoralists in landscape governance through the implementation of integrated landscape approaches. Based on a semi-systematic literature review and key informant interviews, we propose a categorisation of conflicts and potential causes and solutions. The experience of Burkina Faso in managing farmer-herder conflicts is presented to inform lessons for Ghana. We argue that adopting more inclusive landscape approaches, with a particular emphaisis on key principles, could contribute to reconciling diverging interests between farming and herding communities and help mitigate conflicts. This requires that constraints such as the negative and pervasive perceptions towards the Fulani, the neglect of pastoral activity in broader development processes, and the lack of inclusion of Fulani pastoralists in multi-stakeholder platforms and decision-making need to be urgently addressed.
{"title":"Farmer-Fulani pastoralist conflicts in Northern Ghana: are integrated landscape approaches the way forward?","authors":"E. Bayala, M. Ros-Tonen, T. Sunderland, H. Djoudi, J. Reed","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2023.2199367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2023.2199367","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Over the past 20 years, recurrent and violent conflicts between farmers and Fulani pastoralists have persisted in Northern Ghana. These conflicts mainly revolve around access to and utilisation of natural resources such as land and water. Conflicts of interest have led to the social marginalisation of the Fulani community, leading to their exclusion from formal landscape governance processes. This paper explores the prospects for better management of these conflicts and the potential for including Fulani pastoralists in landscape governance through the implementation of integrated landscape approaches. Based on a semi-systematic literature review and key informant interviews, we propose a categorisation of conflicts and potential causes and solutions. The experience of Burkina Faso in managing farmer-herder conflicts is presented to inform lessons for Ghana. We argue that adopting more inclusive landscape approaches, with a particular emphaisis on key principles, could contribute to reconciling diverging interests between farming and herding communities and help mitigate conflicts. This requires that constraints such as the negative and pervasive perceptions towards the Fulani, the neglect of pastoral activity in broader development processes, and the lack of inclusion of Fulani pastoralists in multi-stakeholder platforms and decision-making need to be urgently addressed.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"32 1","pages":"63 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42074576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2023.2199163
Amitha S. Chandra, E. Siril, P. Radhamany
ABSTRACT Syzygium caryophyllatum is an underutilized minor fruit tree that bears globular fruits. When they ripen, they turn a deep purple or black colour. Even though the fruits are edible, consumption is low due to the low proportion of edible parts and limited supply of fruits. In the present study, twenty collections of S. caryophyllatum from various parts of Kerala State, India, were evaluated based on morphological (qualitative and quantitative), and biochemical traits of fruits. The findings revealed a wide range of variation among the collections. Among the selected candidate plus trees (CPTs), one CPT, SC3, appeared as a distinct candidate from all other collections in the dendrogram based on quantitative and biochemical traits. The grouping pattern in cluster analysis results was supported by a scatter plot based on Principal coordinate Analysis (PCoA). Various fruit traits of SC3 showed superiority and thus this tree was selected as the most promising among 20 CPTs with maximum pulp percentage, pulp-to-seed ratio, TSS, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, total sugar, and minimum seed percentage. The nutritional profiling of SC3 fruit showed a vital source of nutritious elements with antinutrient concentrations falling within the acceptable range.
{"title":"Elite screening and nutritional profiling of Syzygium caryophyllatum (L.) Alston -an underutilized fruit tree","authors":"Amitha S. Chandra, E. Siril, P. Radhamany","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2023.2199163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2023.2199163","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Syzygium caryophyllatum is an underutilized minor fruit tree that bears globular fruits. When they ripen, they turn a deep purple or black colour. Even though the fruits are edible, consumption is low due to the low proportion of edible parts and limited supply of fruits. In the present study, twenty collections of S. caryophyllatum from various parts of Kerala State, India, were evaluated based on morphological (qualitative and quantitative), and biochemical traits of fruits. The findings revealed a wide range of variation among the collections. Among the selected candidate plus trees (CPTs), one CPT, SC3, appeared as a distinct candidate from all other collections in the dendrogram based on quantitative and biochemical traits. The grouping pattern in cluster analysis results was supported by a scatter plot based on Principal coordinate Analysis (PCoA). Various fruit traits of SC3 showed superiority and thus this tree was selected as the most promising among 20 CPTs with maximum pulp percentage, pulp-to-seed ratio, TSS, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, total sugar, and minimum seed percentage. The nutritional profiling of SC3 fruit showed a vital source of nutritious elements with antinutrient concentrations falling within the acceptable range.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"32 1","pages":"90 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42251261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-02DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2023.2196442
M. Rajkumar, Poorna Bhat, Naseer Mohammad, G. Ravikanth, M. L. Khan
ABSTRACT Buchanania cochinchinensis, a socio-economically important forest tree species, faces high levels of exploitation. Originated from the Indian subcontinent, little is known about the patterns of the habitat distribution and the important climatic factors that shape its suitability. Using high-resolution environmental data for current and future climate scenarios, we studied the present and the future suitable habitats for B. cochinchinensis by MaxEnt. We evaluated the important bioclimatic variables that shape its distribution and identified distribution shifts under different climate change scenarios. Precipitation of wettest quarter, precipitation seasonality and altitude were identified as the most critical factors shaping B. cochinchinensis distribution. The future projections under RCP2.6 (with low concentration of greenhouse gas emissions) indicate increase in the distribution range of the species. Under the scenario with higher concentrations of emissions (RCP8.5), the suitable habitat range of B. cochinchinensis has decreased. Our results showed that the refugia for B. cochinchinensis under climate change occur in Central India, especially Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.
{"title":"Climate refugia for Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) M.R.Almeida, an important non-timber forest tree species, declining from its natural range in India","authors":"M. Rajkumar, Poorna Bhat, Naseer Mohammad, G. Ravikanth, M. L. Khan","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2023.2196442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2023.2196442","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Buchanania cochinchinensis, a socio-economically important forest tree species, faces high levels of exploitation. Originated from the Indian subcontinent, little is known about the patterns of the habitat distribution and the important climatic factors that shape its suitability. Using high-resolution environmental data for current and future climate scenarios, we studied the present and the future suitable habitats for B. cochinchinensis by MaxEnt. We evaluated the important bioclimatic variables that shape its distribution and identified distribution shifts under different climate change scenarios. Precipitation of wettest quarter, precipitation seasonality and altitude were identified as the most critical factors shaping B. cochinchinensis distribution. The future projections under RCP2.6 (with low concentration of greenhouse gas emissions) indicate increase in the distribution range of the species. Under the scenario with higher concentrations of emissions (RCP8.5), the suitable habitat range of B. cochinchinensis has decreased. Our results showed that the refugia for B. cochinchinensis under climate change occur in Central India, especially Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"32 1","pages":"107 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42010166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2023.2193906
G. Awudzi, E. Appiah, S. Avicor, S. K. Ahadzi
ABSTRACT Cola nitida (Kola) is an important cash crop cultivated in the forest areas of West Africa. The crop is attacked by a lot of insect pests, chief among them are the kola seed weevil, Balanogastris kolae, and some Sophrorhinus pest species. Not much is known about the pest status of fruit fly species on the crop, especially Bactrocera invadens and Ceratitis colae which is known to feed exclusively on the crop. This study seeks to assess the incidence, population dynamics and damage caused by insect pests on kola in the middle belt of Ghana to inform pest management decisions. The major insect pests identified on kola in the study include the kola seed weevils Balanogastris kolae, Sophrorhinus spp and fruit fly species Bactrocera invadens, Ceratitis colae and other Ceratitis spp. There was a significant locational effect on the number of fruit fly species trapped. The kola nut weevils (Balanogastris kolae and the Sophrorhinus species) remain the most important kola pests accounting for 81.4% of the sampled damaged pods. Information obtained from the population dynamics of these kola insect pests could aid in the development of an integrated strategy for managing these pests on the crop.
{"title":"Assessment of the major insect pests associated with kola nuts in Ghana","authors":"G. Awudzi, E. Appiah, S. Avicor, S. K. Ahadzi","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2023.2193906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2023.2193906","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Cola nitida (Kola) is an important cash crop cultivated in the forest areas of West Africa. The crop is attacked by a lot of insect pests, chief among them are the kola seed weevil, Balanogastris kolae, and some Sophrorhinus pest species. Not much is known about the pest status of fruit fly species on the crop, especially Bactrocera invadens and Ceratitis colae which is known to feed exclusively on the crop. This study seeks to assess the incidence, population dynamics and damage caused by insect pests on kola in the middle belt of Ghana to inform pest management decisions. The major insect pests identified on kola in the study include the kola seed weevils Balanogastris kolae, Sophrorhinus spp and fruit fly species Bactrocera invadens, Ceratitis colae and other Ceratitis spp. There was a significant locational effect on the number of fruit fly species trapped. The kola nut weevils (Balanogastris kolae and the Sophrorhinus species) remain the most important kola pests accounting for 81.4% of the sampled damaged pods. Information obtained from the population dynamics of these kola insect pests could aid in the development of an integrated strategy for managing these pests on the crop.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"32 1","pages":"115 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42140869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2022.2164360
Sonam Mahalwal, Asmita Kabra
ABSTRACT Boswellia serrata, or salai is a prominent NTFP species of the Kuno forests in Central India. The Sahariya tribe primarily uses it for its gum-resin (chir). A major share of household income comes from the sale of chir. Long-term association with the Kuno forests, in particular with the salai trees, has allowed the Sahariya to build a repository of indigenous knowledge, which plays a pivotal role in their livelihoods. Indigenous knowledge systems are gaining increasing attention globally, and the wisdom of indigenous communities is getting acknowledged. Using qualitative tools and long-term ethnographic engagement with the Sahariya, this study aims to document their holistic process of management of salai forests and collection of chir. It documents their management practices and belief systems regarding salai. It also highlights sustainability concerns of the community and their perception of how climate change affects salai. The study emphasizes the relevance of situated knowledge systems for a better understanding of sustainability concerns about the forest resources, and the associated impacts on local communities. Recognizing indigenous knowledge of forests and trees can facilitate and improve sustainable forest management and climate change mitigation policies.
{"title":"Indigenous knowledge and sustainability concerns in an era of climate change: the Sahariya Adivasi and salai trees (Boswellia serrata) in central India","authors":"Sonam Mahalwal, Asmita Kabra","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2022.2164360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2022.2164360","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Boswellia serrata, or salai is a prominent NTFP species of the Kuno forests in Central India. The Sahariya tribe primarily uses it for its gum-resin (chir). A major share of household income comes from the sale of chir. Long-term association with the Kuno forests, in particular with the salai trees, has allowed the Sahariya to build a repository of indigenous knowledge, which plays a pivotal role in their livelihoods. Indigenous knowledge systems are gaining increasing attention globally, and the wisdom of indigenous communities is getting acknowledged. Using qualitative tools and long-term ethnographic engagement with the Sahariya, this study aims to document their holistic process of management of salai forests and collection of chir. It documents their management practices and belief systems regarding salai. It also highlights sustainability concerns of the community and their perception of how climate change affects salai. The study emphasizes the relevance of situated knowledge systems for a better understanding of sustainability concerns about the forest resources, and the associated impacts on local communities. Recognizing indigenous knowledge of forests and trees can facilitate and improve sustainable forest management and climate change mitigation policies.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"32 1","pages":"26 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44902908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2022.2160380
Sylvia Jepkemboi, Patroba Ojola
ABSTRACT Irvingia gabonensis and Irvingia wombolu trees indigenous to West and Central Africa are economically important owing to their valuable kernels. Massive fruit harvesting and reduction of forests land area has threatened their genetic diversity thus warranting conservation. This study reports the genetic diversity and population structure based on dominant markers of Irvingia accessions from Nigeria, Cameroon and Gabon held at World Agroforestry field genebanks. A total of 60 samples and 6532 SilicoDArT markers revealed high genetic differentiation among populations (phiPT = 0.301, P = .001). The overall genetic diversity revealed by Nei’s gene diversity (He = 0.117) and percentage of polymorphic loci (39.60%) was low. I.gabonensis provenances from Cameroon and Nigeria were more diverse than Gabonese populations. Pairwise phiPT values calculated from AMOVA variances delineated I. wombolu and I. gabonensis. Population structure and cluster analysis based on Bayesian algorithm, DAPC and UPGMA methods placed Cameroon at the center of distribution of I. gabonensis accessions from Nigeria and Gabon. Gabonese accessions tend to cluster independent of Nigerian accessions while I. wombolu formed a distinct cluster from I. gabonensis. SilicoDArT markers were found suitable for population structure and differentiation analysis of Irvingia accessions and can guide future recollections to enrich genebank diversity and materials for domestication events.
{"title":"Genetic diversity and population structure of Irvingia species using DArTseq generated markers","authors":"Sylvia Jepkemboi, Patroba Ojola","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2022.2160380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2022.2160380","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Irvingia gabonensis and Irvingia wombolu trees indigenous to West and Central Africa are economically important owing to their valuable kernels. Massive fruit harvesting and reduction of forests land area has threatened their genetic diversity thus warranting conservation. This study reports the genetic diversity and population structure based on dominant markers of Irvingia accessions from Nigeria, Cameroon and Gabon held at World Agroforestry field genebanks. A total of 60 samples and 6532 SilicoDArT markers revealed high genetic differentiation among populations (phiPT = 0.301, P = .001). The overall genetic diversity revealed by Nei’s gene diversity (He = 0.117) and percentage of polymorphic loci (39.60%) was low. I.gabonensis provenances from Cameroon and Nigeria were more diverse than Gabonese populations. Pairwise phiPT values calculated from AMOVA variances delineated I. wombolu and I. gabonensis. Population structure and cluster analysis based on Bayesian algorithm, DAPC and UPGMA methods placed Cameroon at the center of distribution of I. gabonensis accessions from Nigeria and Gabon. Gabonese accessions tend to cluster independent of Nigerian accessions while I. wombolu formed a distinct cluster from I. gabonensis. SilicoDArT markers were found suitable for population structure and differentiation analysis of Irvingia accessions and can guide future recollections to enrich genebank diversity and materials for domestication events.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"32 1","pages":"42 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43923620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2022.2153282
C. Matavel, H. Hoffmann, J. Hafner, H. Kipkulei, G. Uckert, J. Kaingo, J. Salavessa, Hadijah Mbwana, Ramula Issa, Leonel Silva Novela, S. Sieber, C. Rybak
ABSTRACT Rural households in Tanzania and Mozambique depend mainly on charcoal, firewood and other traditional fuels, such as cow dung or agriculture by-products, to cook. Simultaneously, fuel scarcity is an important phenomenon that leads households to apply coping strategies such as reducing the number of meals or increasing walking distance to collect firewood. Despite the well-known negative health, economic and potential ecologic impacts, the transition away from solid biomass energy sources is not expected in the short run. Thus, understanding the patterns of biomass energy consumption is essential to allow sustainable development in the household cooking sector. In this study, we evaluated the influence of wealth status and fuelwood scarcity on household energy choices in four villages with case study sites in Mozambique and Tanzania. The fuel usage patterns are consistent with the ‘energy stacking’ model as, despite an increase in the consumption of charcoal, firewood remains the principal cooking fuel. Wealth does not necessarily result in a transition toward cleaner fuels, nor does scarcity result in the use of other forms of traditional bioenergy. We suggest the promotion of fuel reduction strategies such as improved cookstoves or the implementation of on-farm trees to reduce the pressure on forests.
{"title":"Fuel scarcity or household wealth? Assessing the drivers of cooking energy consumption patterns in rural areas in East Africa","authors":"C. Matavel, H. Hoffmann, J. Hafner, H. Kipkulei, G. Uckert, J. Kaingo, J. Salavessa, Hadijah Mbwana, Ramula Issa, Leonel Silva Novela, S. Sieber, C. Rybak","doi":"10.1080/14728028.2022.2153282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2022.2153282","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Rural households in Tanzania and Mozambique depend mainly on charcoal, firewood and other traditional fuels, such as cow dung or agriculture by-products, to cook. Simultaneously, fuel scarcity is an important phenomenon that leads households to apply coping strategies such as reducing the number of meals or increasing walking distance to collect firewood. Despite the well-known negative health, economic and potential ecologic impacts, the transition away from solid biomass energy sources is not expected in the short run. Thus, understanding the patterns of biomass energy consumption is essential to allow sustainable development in the household cooking sector. In this study, we evaluated the influence of wealth status and fuelwood scarcity on household energy choices in four villages with case study sites in Mozambique and Tanzania. The fuel usage patterns are consistent with the ‘energy stacking’ model as, despite an increase in the consumption of charcoal, firewood remains the principal cooking fuel. Wealth does not necessarily result in a transition toward cleaner fuels, nor does scarcity result in the use of other forms of traditional bioenergy. We suggest the promotion of fuel reduction strategies such as improved cookstoves or the implementation of on-farm trees to reduce the pressure on forests.","PeriodicalId":12422,"journal":{"name":"Forests, Trees and Livelihoods","volume":"32 1","pages":"12 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43048746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.1080/14728028.2022.2146606
Waikhom Romabai, Thaithiulung Pamei, Manikho Pf, Longjam Nevidita, Robert Panmei
ABSTRACT The present study was undertaken to identify economically important NTFPs yielding tree species. Surveys were conducted in 15 local markets in 7 districts of the state and assessment of value-added forest products were also conducted in Van Dhan Vikas Kendra (VDVK), a nationalized minor forest products market. During the survey, a total of 33 NTFPs yielding tree species with varied uses were recorded. Among those, edible fruit species were found to be the most important category with the most profitable items. Some species like, Baccaurea sapida, Docynia indica, Elaeocarpus floribundus, Phyllanthus emblica, Ficus semicordata, Prunus napaulensis, Rhus semialata, Spondias pinnata and Ziziphus mauritiana were utilised in value addition for making different items like candies, pickles, jams, beverages, etc, which have price range of 400–1200 INR per kg having a far higher market value than the raw form, and eventually improve the income of the locals. Poor transportation and unestablished market channels were some of the constraints faced by the people in the trade of NTFPs. Establishing proper market channels would help in improving livelihood of the locals.
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