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Physicochemical properties of kashk supplemented with encapsulated lemongrass extract 柠檬草胶囊提取物补充卡什克的理化性质
IF 1 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2023-1-560
S. Sekhavatizadeh, Khadijeh Banisaeed, Mahboobeh Hasanzadeh, Sepideh Khalatbari-Limaki, Hanieh Amininezhad
Kashk is a perishable fermented dairy product. Since chemical preservatives are harmful for human health, we aimed to study lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus L.) as a natural preservative. First, we assessed the phytochemical properties of lemongrass extract. Then, we added lemongrass extract and microencapsulated lemongrass extract to kashk samples. Finally, we analyzed their physicochemical and sensorial properties during 60 days of storage. Catechin (419.04 ± 0.07 mg/L), gallic acid (319.67 ± 0.03 mg/L), and chloregenic acid (4.190 ± 0.002 mg/L) were found to be the predominant phenolic constituents in lemongrass. Total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity (IC50) values of the lemongrass extract were 26.73 mg GA/g, 8.06 mg Quercetin/g, and 2751.331 mg/L, respectively. The beads were spherical in shape with a 35.03-nm average particle diameter and 47.81% microencapsulation efficiency. The pH of the supplemented kashks decreased during the storage time. They showed lower acid degree values than the control at the end of storage. The peroxide, p-anisidine, and thiobarbituric acid values of the sample fortified with microencapsulated lemongrass extract were 6.15, 4.76, and 44.12%, respectively, being the lowest among the samples. This kashk sample had the highest hardness (570.62 ± 21.87 g), adhesiveness (18.10 ± 4.36 mJ), and cohesiveness (0.56 ± 0.25) but the lowest chewiness (72.66 ± 3.08 mJ) among the samples. It also had a better sensory profile than the control samples. Our results indicated that microencapsulated lemongrass extract could be incorporated into kashk to ensure suitable sensorial and textural properties. Furthermore, it may delay fat oxidation and lipolysis during storage.
Kashk是一种易腐烂的发酵乳制品。鉴于化学防腐剂对人体健康的危害,我们旨在研究柠檬草作为一种天然防腐剂。首先,我们评估了柠檬草提取物的植物化学性质。然后,我们将柠檬草提取物和微胶囊化的柠檬草提取物添加到kashk样品中。最后,我们分析了它们在60天内的物理化学和感官特性。儿茶素(419.04±0.07 mg/L)、没食子酸(319.67±0.03 mg/L)和绿原酸(4.190±0.002 mg/L)是柠檬草中主要的酚类成分。香茅提取物的总酚、总黄酮和抗氧化活性(IC50)值分别为26.73 mg GA/g、8.06 mg槲皮素/g和2751.331 mg/L。微球呈球形,平均粒径为35.03 nm,微胶囊化效率为47.81%。随着贮藏时间的延长,添加物的pH值逐渐降低。贮藏结束时,它们的酸度值低于对照。微胶囊化柠檬草提取物强化样品的过氧化物、对茴香胺和硫代巴比妥酸值分别为6.15、4.76和44.12%,是样品中最低的。其硬度(570.62±21.87 g)、黏附性(18.10±4.36 mJ)、内聚性(0.56±0.25)最高,而耐嚼性(72.66±3.08 mJ)最低。它也比对照样本有更好的感官特征。结果表明,微胶囊化的香茅提取液可以保证香菇的感官和质地性能。此外,它可以延缓脂肪氧化和脂肪分解在储存过程中。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of trace elements in canned fish and health risk appraisal 罐头鱼中微量元素的评价及健康风险评价
IF 1 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2023-1-554
M. Islam, R. Mustafa
Trace elements are dangerous to human health and there is a rising concern about the quality of processed foods in some parts of the world, especially in Iraq. The chemical composition (total sold, moisture, and ash) and concentrations of trace elements in canned fish (Skipjack tuna, Sardines, Tuna fish, Sardines, and Mackerel) from the Kalar market, Iraq were determined by using an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer. The ranges obtained for the elements in mg/kg were as follows: Se (0.025–0.77), As (0.02–1.07), B (0.05–0.7), Ag (0.04–0.83), Ba (0.05–0.975), Mg (29.8–37.5), Mn (0.97–2.09), Cu (0.91–3.09), and Zn (5.12–11.7). The studied canned fishes pose no risk with respect to the estimated daily intake of Se, As, B, Ag, Ba, Mg, Mn, Cu, and Zn. The total target hazard quotients for the studied metals from individual fish species (except Fme, Fma, and Fsh) were more than one, which was responsible for noncarcinogenic risks. The target carcinogenic risk value for arsenic was also higher than the standard (10-4) set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. It revealed that the consumption of canned fish causes a chronic cancer risk to humans.
微量元素对人类健康是危险的,在世界一些地区,尤其是伊拉克,人们越来越担心加工食品的质量。通过使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定伊拉克卡拉尔市场的罐头鱼(Skipjack金枪鱼、沙丁鱼、金枪鱼、沙丁鱼和Mackerel)的化学成分(总销售额、水分和灰分)和微量元素浓度。以mg/kg为单位的元素范围如下:Se(0.025–0.77)、as(0.02–1.07)、B(0.05–0.7)、Ag(0.04–0.83)、Ba(0.05–0.975)、mg(29.8–37.5)、Mn(0.97–2.09)、Cu(0.91–3.09)和Zn(5.12–11.7)。研究的罐头鱼对Se、as、B、Ag、Ba、mg、Mn、Cu和Zn的估计日摄入量没有风险。单个鱼类物种(Fme、Fma和Fsh除外)的研究金属的总目标危险系数超过1,这是非致癌风险的原因。砷的致癌风险目标值也高于美国环境保护局制定的标准(10-4)。研究表明,食用罐头鱼会对人类造成慢性癌症风险。
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引用次数: 3
Grain bran hydrolysates in the production of fruit distillates 水果蒸馏物生产中的谷糠水解物
IF 1 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2023-1-550
L. Krikunova, E. Meleshkina, I. Vitol, E. Dubinina, O. Obodeeva
Currently, there is an urgent need for domestic fermentation activators based on low-cost secondary raw materials. We aimed to study the effect of microbial enzyme preparations with different action on the hydrolysis of proteins and phytin of grain bran to obtain fermentation activators that could become an alternative to imported ones. We studied wheat and rye brans; microbial enzyme preparations with cytolytic, proteolytic, and phytase action; multi-enzyme compositions; and grain bran hydrolysates. Firstly, we determined the kinetic characteristics of enzyme preparations. Secondly, we evaluated their effectiveness in the hydrolysis of the brans. Thirdly, we developed multi-enzyme compositions. Finally, we determined the concentration of soluble forms of phosphorus and free amino acids in the hydrolysates. We determined optimal temperature and pH values for the enzyme preparations. The multi-enzyme compositions contributed to a high accumulation of reducing substances, water-soluble protein, and phosphorus. The concentration of free amino acids in the hydrolysates obtained under the action of the bran’s own enzymes was about 20% higher in the wheat samples, compared to the rye samples. However, when using multi-enzyme compositions in addition to the bran’s own enzymes, the concentration of free amino acids was 1.5 times higher in the rye hydrolysates, compared to the wheat hydrolysates. The use of multi-enzyme compositions under optimal conditions can double the content of phosphorus and free amino acids available for yeast, compared to the control. Our results can be used for further research into using grain bran hydrolysates as an alternative source of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition for yeast at the fermentation stage of fruit distillate production.
目前,国内迫切需要基于低成本二次原料的发酵活化剂。我们旨在研究不同作用的微生物酶制剂对谷糠蛋白质和phytin水解的影响,以获得可替代进口发酵活化剂的发酵活化剂。我们研究了小麦和黑麦膜;具有细胞水解、蛋白水解和植酸酶作用的微生物酶制剂;多酶组成;和谷糠水解物。首先,我们确定了酶制剂的动力学特性。其次,我们评估了它们在膜水解中的有效性。第三,我们开发了多酶组合物。最后,我们测定了水解产物中可溶性磷和游离氨基酸的浓度。我们确定了酶制剂的最佳温度和pH值。多酶组成有助于还原物质、水溶性蛋白质和磷的高积累。与黑麦样品相比,小麦样品中在麸皮自身酶的作用下获得的水解产物中的游离氨基酸浓度高出约20%。然而,当使用除麸皮自身酶之外的多种酶组合物时,黑麦水解物中游离氨基酸的浓度是小麦水解物的1.5倍。与对照相比,在最佳条件下使用多酶组合物可以使酵母可获得的磷和游离氨基酸含量增加一倍。我们的研究结果可用于进一步研究在果馏出物生产的发酵阶段使用谷糠水解物作为酵母氮磷营养的替代来源。
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引用次数: 3
Cold chain relevance in the food safety of perishable products 易腐产品食品安全中的冷链相关性
IF 1 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2023-1-559
Pedro Arriaga-Lorenzo, Ema de Jesús Maldonado-Simán, R. Ramírez-Valverde, P. Martínez-Hernández, D. N. Tirado-González, L. A. Saavedra-Jiménez
The food cold chain is an effective tool that allows food markets to maintain food quality and reduce losses. Poor logistics may result in foodborne disease outbreaks and greenhouse gas emissions caused by organic matter decay. The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 makes it necessary to study the chances of SARS-CoV-2 transmissions in food products. This study reviews cold chain logistics as a handy tool for avoiding food safety risks, including COVID-19. The cold chain of perishables and its proper management make it possible to maintain quality and safety at any stage of the food supply chain. The technology covers each link of the food chain to prevent microbial spoilage caused by temperature fluctuations and the contamination with SARS-CoV-2 associated with perishable foods. Given the lack of knowledge in this field in Latin America, the region needs new research to determine the impact of the cold chain on perishable foodstuffs. The perishable cold chain is only as strong as its weakest link, and the national and international markets require new traceability protocols to minimize the effect of COVID-19.
食品冷链是一种有效的工具,可以使食品市场保持食品质量并减少损失。物流不善可能导致食源性疾病爆发和有机物腐烂引起的温室气体排放。新冠肺炎的持续大流行使得有必要研究SARS-CoV-2在食品中传播的可能性。本研究回顾了冷链物流作为避免包括新冠肺炎在内的食品安全风险的便捷工具。易腐食品的冷链及其适当管理使其有可能在食品供应链的任何阶段保持质量和安全。该技术涵盖了食物链的每个环节,以防止温度波动引起的微生物腐败以及与易腐食品相关的严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型的污染。鉴于拉丁美洲缺乏这一领域的知识,该地区需要进行新的研究,以确定冷链对易腐食品的影响。易腐冷链的强度只有其最薄弱的环节,国家和国际市场需要新的可追溯协议,以最大限度地减少新冠肺炎的影响。
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引用次数: 3
Algerian date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit cultivars: HPLC fingerprinting and antibacterial activity 阿尔及利亚枣椰树果实品种HPLC指纹图谱及抗菌活性研究
IF 1 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2023-1-549
Safia Ali Haimoud, R. Allem
The abusive use of antibiotics causes the destruction of intestinal flora and the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Date palm is used in traditional medicine in the Saharan regions due to its biological properties. The study aimed to identify the phytochemical composition and assess the antibacterial activity of the methanolic extracts of three date cultivars from Algeria. Their total phenolic, flavonoid, and flavonol contents were measured spectrophotometrically. The phytochemical screening was conducted by HPLC fingerprinting using twenty-three pure phenolic compounds as standards. The antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacterial species was assessed using the disk diffusion method. The colorimetric methods showed that the total phenolic, flavonoid, and flavonol contents ranged from 2.13 ± 0.09 to 2.67 ± 0.02 mg GAE/100 g DW, 1.33 ± 0.21 to 1.55 ± 0.13 mg CEQ/100 g DW, and 0.41 ± 0.23 to 0.47 ± 0.05 mg REQ/100 g DW, respectively. HPLC fingerprinting showed that the extracts of date cultivars served as an excellent source of bioactive compounds (gallic acid, tannic acid, ferulic acid, vanillin, caffeine, quercetin, luteolin, rutin, aspegenin, isorhamnetin, and hesperidin). They also exhibited an antibacterial potential with an inhibition zone diameter ranging from 8.40 to 12.50 mm. The results clearly demonstrate the antibacterial potency of date palm fruits, which could be attributed to their considerable content of phenolic compounds such as gallic acid, rutin, quercetin, and luteolin.
滥用抗生素会导致肠道菌群的破坏和抗生素耐药性病原体的增殖。椰枣因其生物学特性在撒哈拉地区被用于传统医学。本研究旨在鉴定阿尔及利亚三个枣品种甲醇提取物的植物化学成分并评价其抗菌活性。用分光光度法测定了它们的总酚、黄酮和黄酮醇含量。以23种纯酚类化合物为标准品,采用高效液相色谱指纹图谱进行植物化学筛选。采用纸片扩散法对病原菌的抗菌活性进行了评价。比色法显示,总酚、黄酮和黄酮醇的含量范围分别为2.13±0.09至2.67±0.02 mg GAE/100 g DW、1.33±0.21至1.55±0.13 mg CEQ/100 g DW和0.41±0.23至0.47±0.05 mg REQ/100g DW。HPLC指纹图谱显示,椰枣品种的提取物是生物活性化合物(没食子酸、单宁酸、阿魏酸、香兰素、咖啡因、槲皮素、木犀草素、芦丁、白杨素、异鼠李素和橙皮苷)的良好来源。它们还表现出抗菌潜力,抑制区直径在8.40至12.50mm之间。结果清楚地证明了椰枣果实的抗菌效力,这可能归因于它们含有大量的酚类化合物,如没食子酸、芦丁、槲皮素和木犀草素。
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引用次数: 1
Bioaccumulation of trace elements in vegetables grown in various anthropogenic conditions 在各种人为条件下种植的蔬菜中微量元素的生物累积
IF 1 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2023-1-551
Anatoly Kaledin, Marina Stepanova
Hazardous compounds accumulate in plants and animals as a result of anthropogenic impact. Trace elements, such as heavy metals, move up in the system of snow – soil – water – plant – animal. When contaminants accumulate in plants that serve as animal feed, they eventually accumulate in the animals that consume the feed because heavy metals usually enter living organisms via digestive tract, i.e., with food. In 2003–2021, we studied fodder plants grown and harvested by urban zoological organizations, e.g., zoos, nature corners, etc. This research covered the Central Federal District represented by the cities of Moscow, Ivanovo, Yaroslavl, and Uglich. The empirical part of the study relied on a combination of modern ecological, biochemical, and statistical methods. A KVANT-2AT atomic absorption spectrometer was used to define the trace elements and their quantities. Broccoli proved to be the most resistant feed vegetable to all the toxic elements in this study. Kohlrabi, sweet potato, and dill had low content of lead and cadmium, while garlic was highly resistant to cadmium and arsenic. Spinach, fennel, potatoes, beets, and bell peppers, which were used as fodder in metropolis conditions, exceeded the maximal permissible concentration of heavy metals. The samples obtained from the Moscow Zoo contained by 1.98 times more zinc, by 1.06 times more copper, and by 89.47 times more lead than average. The samples from Ivanovo accumulated the greatest extent of iron, which exceeded the average level by 3.26 times. The vegetables from Uglich and Ivanovo had the lowest concentration of zinc, which was by 67.86 and 62.70% below the average, respectively. The samples from Yaroslavl contained by 33.08% less copper. In 2003–2021, feed vegetables grown in the Central Federal District had an average increase in zinc, copper, and lead by 1.13, 1.45, and 2.80 times, respectively. The level of iron stayed almost the same throughout 2018–2021, while that of arsenic gradually decreased in concentration. The accumulation level of zinc, copper, iron, and arsenic in feed vegetables appeared to depend on the concentration of their water-soluble metal forms in the soil. Therefore, forage agriculture in urban areas requires constant chemical and toxicological tests to prevent contaminated feed from entering animal diet.
由于人为影响,有害化合物在动植物中积累。微量元素,如重金属,在雪-土壤-水-植物-动物的系统中向上移动。当污染物在用作动物饲料的植物中积累时,它们最终会在食用饲料的动物中积累,因为重金属通常通过消化道进入生物体,即与食物一起进入。2003年至2021年,我们研究了城市动物组织(如动物园、自然角等)种植和收获的饲料植物。这项研究涵盖了以莫斯科、伊万诺沃、雅罗斯拉夫尔和乌格利奇为代表的中央联邦区。该研究的实证部分结合了现代生态学、生物化学和统计方法。使用KVANT-2AT原子吸收光谱仪来确定微量元素及其数量。在这项研究中,西兰花被证明是对所有有毒元素最具抵抗力的饲料蔬菜。Kohlrabi、红薯和dill的铅和镉含量较低,而大蒜对镉和砷具有很高的抗性。在大都市条件下用作饲料的菠菜、茴香、土豆、甜菜和甜椒超过了重金属的最高允许浓度。从莫斯科动物园获得的样本中锌含量是平均水平的1.98倍,铜含量是平均值的1.06倍,铅含量是平均标准的89.47倍。伊万诺沃的样品铁含量最高,超过平均水平3.26倍。乌格利奇和伊万诺沃的蔬菜锌含量最低,分别比平均水平低67.86%和62.70%。雅罗斯拉夫尔的样品中铜含量减少了33.08%。2003-2021年,中央联邦区种植的饲料蔬菜中锌、铜和铅的平均含量分别增加了1.13倍、1.45倍和2.80倍。2018年至2021年,铁的含量几乎保持不变,而砷的浓度逐渐降低。饲料蔬菜中锌、铜、铁和砷的积累水平似乎取决于其水溶性金属形式在土壤中的浓度。因此,城市地区的饲草农业需要不断进行化学和毒理学测试,以防止受污染的饲料进入动物饮食。
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引用次数: 8
Preparation of sodium alginate films incorporated with hydroalcoholic extract of Macrocystis pyrifera pyrifera大孢子虫水醇提取物与藻酸钠复合膜的制备
IF 1 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2023-1-553
Judith Ramos, N. A. Villacrés, É. Cavalheiro, H. A. Alarcón, A. Valderrama
Agroindustry needs novel materials to replace synthetic plastics. This article introduces sodium alginate films with antioxidant properties. The films, which were incorporated with hydroalcoholic extract of Macrocystis pyrifera, were tested on sliced Hass avocados. The research featured sodium alginate films incorporated with hydroalcoholic extracts of M. pyrifera. Uncoated avocado halves served as control, while the experimental samples were covered with polymer film with or without hydroalcoholic extract. A set of experiments made it possible to evaluate the effect of the extracts on polymeric matrices, release kinetics, and sensory profile of halved Hass avocados. A greater concentration of hydroalcoholic extracts increased the content of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity. As a result, the bands in the carboxylate groups of sodium alginate became more intense. Crystallinity decreased, whereas opacity and mass loss percentage increased, and conglomerates appeared on the surface of the films. These processes fit the KorsmeyerPeppas kinetic model because they resulted from a combination of diffusion and swelling mechanisms in the films. The films incorporated with hydroalcoholic extract of M. pyrifera proved to be an effective alternative to traditional fruit wrapping materials.
农业工业需要新的材料来代替合成塑料。介绍了具有抗氧化性能的海藻酸钠薄膜。这些薄膜与大囊藻的水酒精提取物混合,在切片的哈斯鳄梨上进行了测试。本研究的特点是海藻酸钠膜与水合醇提取物的硫化铁。未涂覆的牛油果半作为对照,而实验样品则覆盖有或不含水酒精提取物的聚合物薄膜。一组实验使得评估提取物对聚合物基质的影响、释放动力学和半切哈斯鳄梨的感官特征成为可能。较高浓度的水醇提取物增加了酚类化合物的含量和抗氧化活性。结果,海藻酸钠羧酸基团的带变得更强。结晶度降低,不透明度和质量损失率增加,薄膜表面出现团块。这些过程符合KorsmeyerPeppas动力学模型,因为它们是薄膜中扩散和膨胀机制的结合。结果表明,该膜可有效替代传统的水果包装材料。
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引用次数: 4
Pig adipose tissue of two different breeds and locations: morphology and Raman studies 两种不同品种和位置的猪脂肪组织的形态学和拉曼光谱研究
IF 1 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2023-1-547
V. Pchelkina, I. Chernukha, M. Nikitina, N. Ilin
According to the recent data, there are 4–5-local pig breeds left in Russia by now. Livni is among them. This breed is characterized by high fat content. Back fat has been analyzed earlier. We aimed to assess fat morphometrics from other localizations in pigs. Sacral, axillary, and perirenal fat samples from 6-month-old Duroc and Livni pig breeds were analyzed using morphological and Raman-based techniques. Livni adipocytes were characterized by dense packing with a polyhedron-like structure. In Duroc fat, they were more rounded (spherical). A “two-phase” cell disperse was identified in all samples. Fat cells in Livni pigs were bigger than those in the Duroc breed: 70–102%; 15–18 and 26% for sacral, axillary, and perirenal locations. Differences in the intensity of the Raman signal between the samples were found: in the samples of subcutaneous adipose tissue, more intense peaks were observed, which are responsible for unsaturation; the samples of Livni axillary fat were characterized by greater unsaturation than sacral fat. Livni and Duroc adipocytes differ from each other in form and size and the difference depends on location. Pork fat from local breeds is expected to have potentially more health protecting (for animals) and health promoting (for consumers) properties.
根据最近的数据,到目前为止,俄罗斯还有4-5个地方猪品种。利夫尼就是其中之一。这个品种的特点是脂肪含量高。背部脂肪已经在前面分析过了。我们旨在评估猪其他部位的脂肪形态计量学。使用形态学和拉曼技术分析了6个月大的杜洛克和利夫尼猪品种的骶部、腋窝和肾周脂肪样本。Livni脂肪细胞的特征是密集堆积,具有多面体状结构。在杜洛克脂肪中,它们更圆(球形)。在所有样品中都发现了“两相”细胞分散。利夫尼猪的脂肪细胞比杜洛克猪大:70-102%;骶骨、腋窝和肾周位置分别为15-18%和26%。发现样品之间拉曼信号强度的差异:在皮下脂肪组织的样品中,观察到更强烈的峰值,这是不饱和的原因;Livni腋窝脂肪样品的特征是不饱和度大于骶骨脂肪。Livni和Duroc脂肪细胞在形式和大小上各不相同,差异取决于位置。当地品种的猪肉脂肪有望具有更多的健康保护(对动物)和健康促进(对消费者)特性。
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引用次数: 0
Antioxidant and antithrombotic properties of fruit, leaf, and seed extracts of the Halhalı olive (Olea europaea L.) native to the Hatay region in Turkey 原产于土耳其哈塔伊地区的哈莱乌橄榄(Olea europaea L.)的果实、叶子和种子提取物的抗氧化和抗血栓特性
IF 1 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2023-1-557
K. Batçıoğlu, F. Küçükbay, M. Alagöz, S. Günal, Yakup Yilmaztekin
The olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the most important plants grown in many Mediterranean countries that has a high economic value. Olives, which are specific to each region, have different bioactive components. In this study, we investigated the phenolic/flavonoid contents, as well as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antithrombotic activities of the fruit, leaf, and seed extracts obtained from the Halhalı olive grown in Arsuz district of Hatay, Turkey. Antioxidant activities of the phenolic compounds found in the olive fruit, seed, and leaf extracts were determined by employing established in vitro systems. Total phenolics were determined as gallic acid equivalents, while total flavonoids were determined as quercetin equivalents. Also, we evaluated a possible interaction between oleuropein and aggregation-related glycoproteins of the platelet surface via docking studies. The extracts showed effective antioxidant activity. The seed extract had the highest phenolic content of 317.24 μg GAE, while the fruit extract had the highest flavonoid content of 4.43 μg. The highest potential for metal chelating activity was found in the leaf extract, with an IC50 value of 13.33 mg/mL. Also, the leaf extract showed higher levels of antioxidant, antithrombotic, and antimicrobial activity, compared to the fruit and seed extracts. The docking scores of oleuropein against the target molecules GPVI, α2β1, and GPIbα were calculated as –3.798, –4.315, and –6.464 kcal/mol, respectively. The olive fruit, leaf, and seed extracts used as experimental material in our study have remarkable antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antithrombotic potential.
橄榄(Olea europaea L.)是许多地中海国家种植的最重要的植物之一,具有很高的经济价值。橄榄是每个区域特有的,具有不同的生物活性成分。在这项研究中,我们研究了从土耳其哈泰Arsuz区种植的Halhalı橄榄中提取的果实、叶片和种子提取物的酚类/类黄酮含量,以及抗氧化、抗菌和抗血栓活性。采用建立的体外系统测定了橄榄果实、种子和叶提取物中酚类化合物的抗氧化活性。总酚类物质被测定为没食子酸当量,而总黄酮被测定为槲皮素当量。此外,我们通过对接研究评估了橄榄蛋白和血小板表面聚集相关糖蛋白之间可能的相互作用。提取物显示出有效的抗氧化活性。种子提取物的酚类含量最高,为317.24μg GAE,而果实提取物的类黄酮含量最高,达4.43μg。在叶提取物中发现金属螯合活性的最高潜力,IC50值为13.33mg/mL。此外,与水果和种子提取物相比,叶提取物显示出更高水平的抗氧化、抗血栓和抗菌活性。橄榄蛋白对靶分子GPVI、α2β1和GPIbα的对接得分分别计算为–3.798、–4.315和–6.464 kcal/mol。在我们的研究中,用作实验材料的橄榄果实、叶子和种子提取物具有显著的抗氧化、抗菌和抗血栓潜力。
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引用次数: 1
Liquid products of meat and bone meal pyrolysis: comprehensive assessment by chromatographic methods 肉骨粉热解液体产物的色谱法综合评价
IF 1 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2023-1-558
V. Logutov, V. Abdrakhmanov, A. Kulikovskii, Alexsandra Knyazeva, Dmitry Utiyanov
Dorogov’s antiseptic stimulators (fractions 2 and 3) are products of meat and bone meal pyrolysis that are used to treat farm animals. However, there is a lack of detailed information about their chemical composition. We aimed to study individual compositions of organic substances in the water- and oil-soluble condensates of these preparations. Dorogov’s antiseptic stimulators ASD-2F and ASD-3F (Agrovetzashchita, Russia) were used as samples of the water- and oil-soluble condensates of meat and bone meal pyrolysis. Volatile substances were identified by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, while amino acids were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The initial water-soluble condensate contained ammonium salts, amides of carboxylic acids, N-heterocyclic compounds, hydantoins, amino acids, and dipeptides, with a total content of 8% of the condensate’s weight. Its dehydrated concentrate had almost no ammonium salts and amides of carboxylic acids, but its contents of hydantoins, amino acids, dipeptides, and lowvolatile nitrogen-containing heterocycles were 10–15 times as high as those in the initial condensate. The condensate contained 13 dipeptides and 19 amino acids with a total content of 2.5%. According to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, the oilsoluble condensate contained over 30% of nitriles; 7–10% of higher and aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, and amides (with esters); and 1–3% of N-heterocyclic compounds, naphthalenes, pyridines, and dipeptides. The nitrogen-containing heterocycles, as well as dipeptides, were similar to those in the water-soluble condensate. We identified 80% of individual organic substances in the water-soluble pyrolytic condensate. Together with its concentrate, they contained more than 220 organic substances divided into 10 main groups. The oil-soluble condensate consisted of over 350 individual organic compounds. The full composition of the preparations can be further identified by three-quadrupole liquid mass spectrometry.
多罗戈夫的防腐刺激剂(分数2和3)是肉和骨粉热解的产物,用于治疗农场动物。然而,缺乏关于它们化学成分的详细信息。我们的目的是研究这些制剂的水溶性和油溶性凝聚物中有机物质的单个组成。采用多罗格夫防腐刺激剂ASD-2F和ASD-3F (Agrovetzashchita, Russia)作为肉骨粉热解的水溶性和油溶性冷凝物的样品。挥发性物质采用气相色谱法和气相色谱-质谱法鉴定,氨基酸采用高效液相色谱法测定。最初的水溶性凝聚物中含有铵盐、羧酸酰胺、n -杂环化合物、氢酮、氨基酸和二肽,总含量为凝聚物重量的8%。其脱水后的浓缩物几乎不含铵盐和羧酸酰胺,但其氢酮、氨基酸、二肽和低挥发性含氮杂环化合物的含量是初始浓缩物的10-15倍。该浓缩物含有13个二肽和19个氨基酸,总含量为2.5%。气相色谱-质谱分析表明,油溶性凝析液中腈的含量超过30%;7-10%的高级芳烃、酚类和酰胺(含酯类);和1-3%的n -杂环化合物、萘、吡啶和二肽。含氮杂环和二肽与水溶性凝结物相似。我们在水溶性热解冷凝物中鉴定了80%的单个有机物质。连同其浓缩物,它们含有220多种有机物质,分为10大类。这种油溶性冷凝物由350多种单独的有机化合物组成。该制剂的全部成分可通过三-四极杆液相质谱法进一步鉴定。
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引用次数: 0
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Foods and Raw Materials
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