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White pitahaya as a natural additive: potential usage in cosmetic industry 白火龙果作为一种天然添加剂:在化妆品工业中的潜在应用
IF 1 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2023-1-552
M. Asan-Ozusaglam, İ. Çeli̇k
The awareness of some harmful side effects of the chemicals contained in synthetic cosmetics has increased the demand for herbal-based cosmetic products today. White pitahaya fruit and peel methanol extracts were prepared to determine their usage potential in the cosmetic industry. Firstly, we investigated their antimicrobial activity against some test microorganisms using the disc diffusion assay. We also determined their minimal inhibition and minimal bactericidal or fungicidal concentrations. Then, we assayed the antimicrobial activity of a commercial cream containing white pitahaya extracts and the probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum MA-7 strain against the test microorganisms. Finally, we measured the sun protection factors of the white pitahaya fruit and peel extracts and the cream with the extracts. The white pitahaya fruit and peel extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against the test microorganisms. The cream formulation containing a pitahaya fruit extract had the highest inhibition zone diameter of 11.25 mm against Escherichia coli O157:H7. The highest sun protection value among the extracts and cream with extracts was determined for peel extract as 6.66 and 23.34, respectively. The results indicate that pitahaya fruit and peel extracts have effective antibacterial and antifungal properties, as well as high sun protection factors, and therefore they could be used as natural preservatives in the cosmetic industry.
人们对合成化妆品中所含化学物质的一些有害副作用的认识,增加了对以草药为基础的化妆品的需求。制备了白火龙果和果皮甲醇提取物,以确定其在化妆品工业中的应用潜力。首先,我们用圆盘扩散法研究了它们对一些试验微生物的抑菌活性。我们还确定了它们的最小抑制作用和最小杀菌或杀真菌浓度。然后,我们检测了含有白火龙果提取物的商业乳膏和益生菌发酵乳杆菌MA-7菌株对试验微生物的抗菌活性。最后,测定了白火龙果及其果皮提取物和含提取物的乳霜的防晒系数。白火龙果和果皮提取物对受试微生物具有抑菌活性。含火火果提取物的乳膏对大肠杆菌O157:H7的抑制带直径最高,为11.25 mm。果皮提取物和含提取物面霜的防晒值最高,分别为6.66和23.34。结果表明,火龙果及其果皮提取物具有较好的抗菌、抗真菌性能和较高的防晒系数,可作为化妆品行业的天然防腐剂。
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引用次数: 2
Top-dressing treatment of spring barley to modify its quality 春大麦追肥处理对其品质的影响
IF 1 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2023-1-562
E. Noskova, E. Lisitsyn, I. Shchennikova, E. Svetlakova
New barley products can be developed by modifying the content of bioactive components in the grain through breeding, as well as improving its quality at lower fertilizer costs. We aimed to study the effects of the genotype, growth conditions, and top-dressing application of nitrogen and organo-mineral fertilizers on the chemical composition of barley grain. The barley varieties Novichok, Rodnik Prikamya, and Pamyaty Rodinoy were grown under normal (2020) and dry (2021) field conditions. The plants were top-dressed with mineral (CAS; SpetsKhimAgro, Kirovo-Chepetsk, Russia) or organo-mineral (Amino Start and Alfastim; Polydon® Agro, Moscow, Russia) fertilizers in the tillering or heading phases. The contents of protein, starch, fat, and crude fiber in the grain were analyzed with an INFRAMATIC 8620 instrument (Perten Instruments, Stockholm, Sweden). The CAS fertilizer reduced protein, fat, and fiber by 4.5–8.3% (Novichok) during the drought and increased starch by 2.1% (Novichok), fiber by 14.2% (Rodnik Prikamya), and fat by 18.9% (Pamyaty Rodinoy) under normal humidity. Amino Start applied under normal conditions increased starch by 2.9% and reduced protein and fat by 7.8–8.9% in Rodnik Prikamya, as well as increased protein and fat by 14.4 and 6.3%, respectively, but reduced starch by 5.1% in Pamyaty Rodinoy. Alfastim applied under normal conditions reduced the content of protein by 10.7% (Rodnik Prikamya), but increased it by 3.6–7.2% in the other cultivars. It also increased fiber by 22.8% in Rodnik Prikamya, but decreased it by 18.6% in Pamyaty Rodinoy. Finally, this fertilizer decreased fat by 12.7% in Rodnik Prikamya, but increased it by 9.8% in Pamyaty Rodinoy. In the drought, the fertilizers Alfastim and Amino Start increased the protein content by 5.2–12.2% in Rodnik Prikamya and Pamyaty Rodinoy. Top-dressing barley plants with mineral or organo-mineral fertilizers can modify the grain composition (up to 10.4% of fiber, 3.6% of starch, and 7.5% of protein and fat), depending on the consumer’s requirements.
新的大麦产品可以通过育种改变谷物中生物活性成分的含量,以及以较低的肥料成本提高其质量来开发。我们旨在研究基因型、生长条件以及氮和有机矿物肥料的追肥施用对大麦籽粒化学成分的影响。大麦品种Novichok、Rodnik Prikamya和Pamyaty Rodinoy是在正常(2020)和干燥(2021)的田间条件下种植的。这些植物在分蘖期或孕穗期使用矿物肥料(CAS;SpetsKhimAgro,Kirovo-Chepetsk,俄罗斯)或有机矿物肥料(Amino Start和Alfstim;Polydon®Agro,莫斯科,俄罗斯)进行了顶级处理。使用INFRAMATIC 8620仪器(Perten Instruments,Stockholm,Sweden)分析谷物中蛋白质、淀粉、脂肪和粗纤维的含量。CAS肥料在干旱期间减少了4.5-8.3%的蛋白质、脂肪和纤维(Novichok),在正常湿度下增加了2.1%的淀粉(Novichock)、14.2%的纤维(Rodnik Prikamya)和18.9%的脂肪(Pamyaty Rodinoy)。在正常条件下施用氨基起始物可使Rodnik Prikamya的淀粉增加2.9%,蛋白质和脂肪减少7.8-8.9%,蛋白质和油脂分别增加14.4%和6.3%,但Pamyaty Rodinoy的淀粉减少5.1%。在正常条件下施用Alfstim使蛋白质含量降低了10.7%(Rodnik Prikamya),但在其他品种中增加了3.6-7.2%。它还使罗德尼克·普里坎亚的纤维增加了22.8%,但使帕米亚蒂·罗迪尼的纤维减少了18.6%。最后,这种肥料使罗德尼克·普里坎亚的脂肪减少了12.7%,但使帕米亚蒂·罗迪尼的脂肪增加了9.8%。在干旱中,化肥Alfstim和Amino Start使Rodnik Prikamya和Pamyaty Rodinoy的蛋白质含量增加了5.2-12.2%。根据消费者的要求,用矿物或有机矿物肥料对大麦植株进行追肥可以改变谷物成分(纤维含量高达10.4%,淀粉含量高达3.6%,蛋白质和脂肪含量高达7.5%)。
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引用次数: 0
Sesame seed protein: Amino acid, functional, and physicochemical profiles 芝麻蛋白:氨基酸、功能和物理化学特性
IF 1 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2023-1-555
M. Yüzer, H. Gençcelep
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an erect herbaceous annual plant with flat seeds. It is one of the oldest cultivated oilseed plants in the world, especially popular in Africa and Asia. The present research objective was to describe a sesame protein isolate, i.e., its amino acid profile, functional and physicochemical properties, zeta potential, and hydrodynamic diameter. The surface charge and hydrodynamic diameter in aqueous solutions were obtained for standard sesame seeds, defatted sesame seeds, and the sesame protein isolate. Defatted sesame seeds yielded the following optimal parameters: salt concentration – 0.6 M, pH – 7, iso-electric point (pI) – 4. The sesame protein isolate was rich in methionine content, which is rare in other plant proteins, but its lysine content was lower than in other isolates. The sesame protein isolate displayed almost identical zeta potential profiles with its pH. The decreasing pH increased the zeta values gradually from the lowest negative value to the highest positive value. The zeta potentials of standard and defatted sesame seeds at pH 7 were –23.53 and –17.30, respectively. The hydrodynamic diameter of the sesame protein isolate (0.33 μm) was smaller than that of sesame seeds (2.64 μm) and defatted sesame seeds (3.02 μm). The sesame protein isolate had a water holding capacity of 1.26 g/g and an oil holding capacity of 3.40 g/g. Its emulsifying properties looked as follows: emulsion capacity – 51.32%, emulsion stability – 49.50%, emulsion activity index – 12.86 m2/g, and emulsion stability index – 44.96 min, respectively. These values are suitable for the sesame protein isolate and are consistent with the literature. The sesame protein isolate was a good source of protein (88.98%). Using sesame proteins as functional components can be an important basis for better knowledge of the relationship between electrical charge interactions in food matrices and the structure, stability, shelf life, texture, structural and functional properties of food. Research prospects include the effects of sesame protein isolates on various food systems.
芝麻(Sesamum indicum L.)是一种直立的草本一年生植物,种子扁平。它是世界上栽培最古老的油籽植物之一,在非洲和亚洲尤其流行。本研究的目的是描述芝麻分离蛋白,即其氨基酸图谱、功能和物理化学性质、ζ电位和流体动力学直径。获得了标准芝麻、脱脂芝麻和芝麻分离蛋白在水溶液中的表面电荷和流体动力学直径。脱脂芝麻产生以下最佳参数:盐浓度–0.6 M,pH–7,等电点(pI)–4。芝麻分离蛋白富含蛋氨酸,这在其他植物蛋白中是罕见的,但其赖氨酸含量低于其他分离蛋白。芝麻分离蛋白显示出与其pH几乎相同的ζ电位曲线。pH的降低使ζ值从最低负值逐渐增加到最高正值。标准芝麻和脱脂芝麻在pH 7下的ζ电位分别为-23.53和-17.30。芝麻分离蛋白的流体动力学直径(0.33μm)小于芝麻(2.64μm)和脱脂芝麻(3.02μm)。芝麻分离蛋白的持水能力为1.26g/g,持油能力为3.40g/g。其乳化性能为:乳化能力为51.32%,乳化稳定性为49.50%,乳化活性指数为12.86m2/g,乳化稳定性指数为44.96min。这些值适用于芝麻蛋白分离物,并且与文献一致。芝麻分离蛋白是一种良好的蛋白质来源(88.98%)。以芝麻蛋白为功能成分,可以更好地了解食品基质中电荷相互作用与食品结构、稳定性、保质期、质地、结构和功能特性之间的关系。研究前景包括芝麻分离蛋白对各种食物系统的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Medusomyces gisevii: cultivation, composition, and application 吉塞维Medusomyces gisevii的培养、组成及应用
IF 1 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2023-1-563
E. Flyurik, O. Ermakova
Tea fungus (Medusomyces gisevii) is a natural symbiotic consortium of yeast-like fungi and bacteria. Scientific literature provides a lot of information about the consortium, but it is largely fragmentary. We aimed to review and systematize the information on the research topic. We studied scientific publications, conference proceedings, intellectual property, regulatory documents, and Internet resources on the M. gisevii consortium using Scopus, Web of Science, e.LIBRARY.RU, and Google Academy. The methods applied included registration, grouping, classification, comparative analysis, and generalization. We described the origin and composition of tea fungus, specifying the microorganisms that make up its symbiotic community depending on the place of origin. Then, we reviewed the stages of fermentation and cultivation conditions in various nutrient media and presented the composition of the culture liquid. Finally, we analyzed the antimicrobial effect of M. gisevii on a number of microorganisms and delineated some practical uses of the fungus. The data presented in this article can be used to analyze or develop new methods for the cultivation and application of M. gisevii. We specified some possibilities for using not only the culture liquid but also the fruit body of the fungus in various industries.
茶真菌(Medusomyces gisevii)是酵母样真菌和细菌的天然共生群落。科学文献提供了许多关于该联盟的信息,但在很大程度上是零碎的。我们的目的是审查和系统化有关研究主题的信息。我们使用Scopus、Web of Science、e.LIBRARY.RU和Google Academy研究了M.gisevii联盟的科学出版物、会议记录、知识产权、监管文件和互联网资源。应用的方法包括注册、分组、分类、比较分析和概括。我们描述了茶真菌的起源和组成,并根据起源地具体说明了构成其共生群落的微生物。然后,我们回顾了发酵阶段和在各种营养培养基中的培养条件,并介绍了培养液的组成。最后,我们分析了吉塞维菌对多种微生物的抗菌作用,并阐述了该菌的一些实际用途。本文提供的数据可用于分析或开发吉塞维M.gisevi的培养和应用的新方法。我们指出了在各种工业中不仅使用真菌的培养液而且使用真菌的果体的一些可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Biologically active compounds in Scutellaria baicalensis L. callus extract: Phytochemical analysis and isolation 黄芩愈伤组织提取物中生物活性成分的植物化学分析与分离
IF 1 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2023-1-564
I. Milentyeva, A. Fedorova, T. Larichev, O. Altshuler
Plant cells and tissue cultures are sources of secondary plant metabolites. Substances produced by callus cultures can expand the raw material base in pharmacy and food production. However, isolating biologically active substances from medicinal plants is a labor- and time-consuming process. As a result, new and efficient technological processes adapted for extraction from callus cultures are in high demand, and new algorithms of isolation and purification of biologically active substances remain a relevant task. This research featured callus cultures of Scutellaria baicalensis. The procedures for phytochemical analysis and isolation of biologically active substances involved such physicochemical research methods as high-performance chromatography (HPLC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), UV spectrometry, and IR spectrometry. The high performance liquid chromatography confirmed the presence of flavonoids represented by baicalein (5,6,7-trioxyflavone), baicalin (baicalein 7-O-glucuronide), scutellarein (5,6,7,4-tetraoxyflavone), scutellarin (7-O-glucuronide scutellarein), vagonin, and oroxylin. The spectral analyses also detected skutebaicalin. The highest total content of diterpene belonged to the samples extracted with 70% ethanol at 70°C. The content of diterpene was 0.09 mg/cm3 in terms of betulin. The biologically active substances were isolated from the callus extracts of S. baicalensis with a recovery rate of ≥ 80%. The purification scheme made it possible to obtain highly-pure individual biologically active compounds: trans-cinnamic acid, baicalin, and oroxylin A had a purity of ≥ 95%; baicalein had a purity of ≥ 97%; scutellarin and luteolin reached ≥ 96%. The new technological extraction method made it possible to obtain extracts from S. baicalensis callus cultures, which were tested for the component composition. The developed isolation algorithm and purification scheme yielded biologically active substances with a purification degree of ≥ 95%.
植物细胞和组织培养物是植物次生代谢物的来源。愈伤组织培养产生的物质可以扩大制药和食品生产的原料基础。然而,从药用植物中分离生物活性物质是一个费时费力的过程。因此,从愈伤组织培养物中提取新的高效技术工艺需求量很大,分离和纯化生物活性物质的新算法仍然是一项相关任务。以黄芩愈伤组织培养为研究对象。植物化学分析和生物活性物质分离的程序涉及到高效色谱法(HPLC)、薄层色谱法(TLC)、紫外光谱法和红外光谱法等理化研究方法。高效液相色谱法证实黄芩苷(5,6,7-三氧黄酮)、黄芩苷(黄芩苷7- o -葡萄糖醛酸盐)、黄芩苷(5,6,7,4-四氧黄酮)、黄芩苷(7- o -葡萄糖醛酸盐黄芩苷)、黄芩苷和芫荽素等黄酮类化合物的存在。光谱分析还检测到黄芩苷。70%乙醇在70℃条件下提取的样品中二萜总含量最高。二萜含量为0.09 mg/cm3(以白介木素计)。从黄芩愈伤组织提取物中分离得到生物活性物质,回收率≥80%。该纯化方案可以获得高纯度的单个生物活性化合物:反式肉桂酸、黄芩苷和oroxylin A的纯度≥95%;黄芩苷纯度≥97%;黄芩素和木犀草素达到≥96%。新工艺提取方法使黄芩愈伤组织的提取物成为可能,并对其成分进行了测定。所建立的分离算法和纯化方案得到的生物活性物质纯化度≥95%。
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引用次数: 1
Effects of bioactive substances isolated from Siberian medicinal plants on the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans 西伯利亚药用植物分离活性物质对秀丽隐杆线虫寿命的影响
IF 1 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-23 DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2022-2-544
Elizaveta Faskhutdinova, A. Sukhikh, V. Le, V. Minina, Mohammed El Amine Khelef, A. Loseva
Medicinal plants are sources of natural antioxidants. Acting as reducing agents, these substances protect the human body against oxidative stress and slow down the aging process. We aimed to study the effects of bioactive substances isolated from medicinal plants on the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans L. used as a model organism. High-performance liquid chromatography was applied to isolate bioactive substances from the extracts of callus, suspension, and root cultures of meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria L.), ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.), Baikal skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis L.), red clover (Trifolium pretense L.), alfalfa (Medicágo sativa L.), and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Their effect on the lifespan of C. elegans nematodes was determined by counting live nematodes treated with their concentrations of 10, 50, 100, and 200 µmol/L after 61 days of the experiment. The results were recorded using IR spectrometry. The isolated bioactive substances were at least 95% pure. We found that the studied concentrations of trans-cinnamic acid, baicalin, rutin, ursolic acid, and magniferin did not significantly increase the lifespan of the nematodes. Naringenin increased their lifespan by an average of 27.3% during days 8–26. Chlorogenic acid at a concentration of 100 µmol/L increased the lifespan of C. elegans by 27.7%. Ginkgo-based kaempferol and quercetin, as well as red clover-based biochanin A at the concentrations of 200, 10, and 100 µmol/L, respectively, increased the lifespan of the nematodes by 30.6, 41.9, and 45.2%, respectively. The bioactive substances produced from callus, root, and suspension cultures of the above medicinal plants had a positive effect on the lifespan of C. elegans nematodes. This confirms their geroprotective properties and allows them to be used as anti-aging agents.
药用植物是天然抗氧化剂的来源。这些物质作为还原剂,保护人体免受氧化应激,减缓衰老过程。我们旨在研究从药用植物中分离的生物活性物质对作为模式生物的秀丽隐杆线虫寿命的影响。采用高效液相色谱法从桔梗、银杏、黄芩、红三叶草、紫花苜蓿、,和百里香(Thymus vulgaris L.)。在实验61天后,通过计数用10、50、100和200µmol/L浓度处理的活线虫来测定它们对秀丽隐杆线虫寿命的影响。使用红外光谱法记录结果。分离的生物活性物质纯度至少为95%。我们发现,所研究的反式肉桂酸、黄芩苷、芦丁、熊果酸和大黄素的浓度并没有显著延长线虫的寿命。Naringenin使它们的寿命在第8-26天平均延长了27.3%。浓度为100µmol/L的绿原酸使秀丽隐杆线虫的寿命延长了27.7%。浓度为200、10和100µmol/L时,银杏基山奈酚和槲皮素以及红三叶草基生物炭素a分别使线虫的寿命增加了30.6%、41.9%和45.2%。从上述药用植物的愈伤组织、根和悬浮培养物中产生的生物活性物质对秀丽隐杆线虫的寿命有积极影响。这证实了它们的促性腺激素保护特性,并使它们可以用作抗衰老剂。
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引用次数: 6
Antagonistic activity of synbiotics: Response surface modeling of various factors 合成制剂的拮抗活性:各种因素的响应面模型
IF 1 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-23 DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2022-2-543
S. Evdokimova, B. Karetkin, Mikhail Zhurikov, E. Guseva, N. Khabibulina, I. Shakir, V. Panfilov
Synbiotic compositions have a great potential for curing microbial intestinal infections. Novel targeted synbiotics are a promising field of the modern functional food industry. The present research assessed the effect of various fructan fractions, initial probiotic counts, and test strains on the antagonistic properties of synbiotics. The research involved powdered roots of Arctium lappa L. and strains of Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bacillus cereus, and Salmonella enterica. The experiment was based on the central composite rotatable design. A water extract of A. lappa roots was purified and concentrated. Fructan fractions were precipitated at various concentrations of ethanol, dried, and sub jected to carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) spectrometry. The bifidobacteria and the test strains were co-cultivated in the same medium that contained one of the fractions. Co-cultivation lasted during 10 h under the same conditions. The acid concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography to define the synbiotic factor. The obtained fructans were closer to commercial oligofructose in terms of the number and location of NMR peaks. However, they were between oligofructose and inulin in terms of signal intensity. The response surface analysis for bacilli showed that the minimal synbiotic factor value corresponded to the initial probiotic count of 7.69 log(CFU/mL) and the fructan fraction precipitated by 20% ethanol. The metabolites produced by the bacilli also affected their growth. The synbiotic factor response surface for the experiments with Salmonella transformed from parabolic to saddle shape as the initial test strain count increased. The minimal synbiotic factor value corresponded to the lowest precipitant concentration and the highest probiotic count. The research established a quantitative relationship between the fractional composition of fructans and the antagonistic activity of the synbiotic composition with bifidobacteria. It also revealed how the ratio of probiotic and pathogen counts affects the antagonism. The proposed approach can be extrapolated on other prebiotics and microbial strains in vivo.
合生素组合物在治疗微生物肠道感染方面具有巨大潜力。新型靶向合生元是现代功能食品工业中一个很有前途的领域。本研究评估了各种果聚糖组分、初始益生菌计数和试验菌株对合生元拮抗特性的影响。这项研究涉及牛蒡粉根和双歧杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和肠炎沙门氏菌菌株。实验基于中心复合材料可旋转设计。对A.lappa根的水提取物进行纯化和浓缩。在不同浓度的乙醇下沉淀果聚糖级分,干燥,并进行碳-13核磁共振(13C-NMR)光谱分析。双歧杆菌和试验菌株在含有其中一种组分的同一培养基中共同培养。在相同条件下共培养10小时。通过高效液相色谱法测定酸浓度以确定合生素因子。所获得的果聚糖在NMR峰的数量和位置方面更接近商业低聚果糖。然而,就信号强度而言,它们介于低聚果糖和菊粉之间。对杆菌的响应面分析显示,最小合生素因子值对应于7.69 log(CFU/mL)的初始益生菌计数和20%乙醇沉淀的果聚糖部分。杆菌产生的代谢产物也影响了它们的生长。随着初始试验菌株数的增加,沙门氏菌实验的合生素因子响应面从抛物线形转变为马鞍形。最小的合生素因子值对应于最低的沉淀剂浓度和最高的益生菌计数。该研究建立了果聚糖的部分组成与合生元组合物与双歧杆菌的拮抗活性之间的定量关系。它还揭示了益生菌和病原体计数的比例如何影响拮抗作用。所提出的方法可以在体内对其他益生元和微生物菌株进行推断。
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引用次数: 2
Synergistic effect of Balanites aegyptiaca essential oil and storage materials on cowpea seeds 埃及巴兰精油与贮藏材料对豇豆种子的协同作用
IF 1 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-23 DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2022-2-545
F. Ajayi, A. F. Ogori, Vivien O. Orede, E. Peter
The cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) is a legume produced and consumed all over Africa and especially in Nigeria. These beans are a major source of protein in the region. The cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus L.) is a major pest that affects cowpea seeds. Therefore, cowpea farmers need effective non-toxic pesticides to replace synthetic chemicals. The present research tested the effect of Balanites aegyptiaca L. essential oil on cowpea weevils. This research quantified weevil proliferation and cowpea seed qualities. The samples were treated with 5, 10, and 15 mL of B. aegyptiaca essential oil diluted in 1 mL of acetone and stored in five storage materials, i.e., jute bags, polythene bags, sacks, plastic containers, and glass bottles. The study featured a completely randomized design with three replications of each treatment: treatment time – 90 days, storage temperature – 30 ± 5°C, check – 0.125 g of aluminum phosphide, control – acetone. B. aegyptiaca essential oil proved to be an effective insecticide against cowpea weevils. The treatment achieved 100% mortality rate at 10 and 15 mL of B. aegyptiaca essential oil after 72 h of exposure in glass bottles, plastic containers, and jute bags. In addition, B. aegyptiaca essential oil demonstrated a potent activity against oviposition and survival of immature cowpea weevils. Cowpea seeds packaged in glass bottles, plastics containers, and jute bags showed significantly less damage than those stored in sacks and polythene bags. Glass bottles were the best storage material in terms of safety and shelf stability, followed by plastic containers and jute bags. B. aegeptica essential oil has potent insecticidal properties and can be used as pest control during grain storage.
豇豆(Vigna unguiculata L.)是一种豆科植物,在非洲生产和消费,特别是在尼日利亚。这些豆子是该地区蛋白质的主要来源。豇豆象甲(Callosobruchus maculatus L.)是豇豆种子的主要害虫。因此,豇豆种植者需要有效的无毒农药来取代合成化学品。研究了埃及巴兰精油对豇豆象鼻虫的防治作用。本研究对豇豆种子象甲增殖和品质进行了定量分析。样品分别用1 mL丙酮稀释5、10和15 mL埃及伊蚊精油处理,分别保存在黄麻袋、聚乙烯袋、麻袋、塑料容器和玻璃瓶五种储存材料中。该研究采用完全随机设计,每个处理3个重复:处理时间- 90天,储存温度- 30±5°C,检查- 0.125 g磷化铝,对照-丙酮。埃及伊蚊精油对豇豆象鼻虫有较好的杀灭效果。10 mL和15 mL埃及伊蚊精油在玻璃瓶、塑料容器和黄麻袋中暴露72小时后,死亡率达到100%。此外,埃及伊蚊精油对豇豆象鼻虫幼虫的产卵和存活有较强的抑制作用。用玻璃瓶、塑料容器和黄麻袋包装的豇豆种子比用麻袋和聚乙烯袋包装的豇豆种子受到的损害要小得多。在安全性和货架稳定性方面,玻璃瓶是最好的储存材料,其次是塑料容器和黄麻袋。黄花精油具有较强的杀虫作用,可作为储粮期间的害虫防治。
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引用次数: 2
Development of plant-based yogurt 植物酸奶的研制
IF 1 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-23 DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2022-2-537
Nehaa Baskar, Sabitha Varadharajan, Mathushree Rameshbabu, Sudha Ayyasamy, S. Velusamy
Fermented drinks are regarded as healthy food due to their probiotic nature. Vegan consumers who choose sustainable diet and people allergic to dairy products demand alternatives for dairy products. We aimed to develop a non-dairy plant-based yogurt from peanut, oats, and coconut milk. Yogurt was formulated with addition of sugar, corn starch, pectin, and xanthan gum. Simplex-lattice mixture design was applied to optimize the composition of the yogurt and achieve the desired rheological properties, sensory attributes, and syneresis rate. Our results revealed that the formulation containing 7.13 mL of peanut milk, 10 mL of oats milk, and 7.86 mL of coconut milk showed low syneresis rate, desired viscosity and flow behavior, as well as high overall acceptability. We found that increased amounts of peanut and oats milk improved the product’s viscosity due to high protein contents. However, coconut milk enhanced the taste and flavor of the yogurt. Flow behavior depended on viscosity and stabilizers used in accordance with the power law model. Syneresis rate was influenced by the viscosity of the yogurt. The utilization of corn starch, pectin, and xanthan gum not only improved the texture but also helped achieve the desired viscosity and flow behavior. The nutrient composition, physicochemical properties, and high sensory characteristics of the yogurt based on peanut, oats, and coconut milk allow using it as a cow milk alterative in the diet of people with lactose intolerance.
发酵饮料因其益生菌的特性而被视为健康食品。选择可持续饮食的纯素消费者和对乳制品过敏的人需要乳制品的替代品。我们的目标是开发一种由花生、燕麦和椰奶制成的非乳制品植物酸奶。用糖、玉米淀粉、果胶和黄原胶配制酸奶。采用单点阵混合设计优化酸奶的组成,获得理想的流变性能、感官属性和协同速率。结果表明,花生奶7.13 mL,燕麦奶10 mL,椰奶7.86 mL的配方协同作用率低,粘度和流动性能理想,整体可接受度高。我们发现花生和燕麦牛奶的添加量增加了产品的粘度,因为蛋白质含量高。然而,椰奶增强了酸奶的口感和风味。流动特性取决于粘度和稳定剂的使用,并按照幂律模型。合成速率受酸奶粘度的影响。玉米淀粉、果胶和黄原胶的使用不仅改善了结构,而且有助于达到所需的粘度和流动性能。由花生、燕麦和椰奶制成的酸奶的营养成分、理化性质和高感官特性,使乳糖不耐症患者可以将其作为牛奶的替代品。
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引用次数: 6
Developing colloidal structure of beer by grain organic compounds 利用谷物有机化合物制备啤酒胶体结构
IF 1 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-23 DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2022-2-538
Irina A. Gribkova, M. Eliseev, M. Zakharov, O. Kosareva, V. Zakharova
The present article introduces the problem of determining the general structure of beer as a complex system of related biomolecules. The objective was to establish the correlation of various quantities of organic compounds in beer formulation. The research featured samples of filtered pasteurized beer obtained from a retail chain shop in Moscow (Russia). The experiment relied on standard research methods, including instrumental methods of analysis, e.g., high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The obtained experimental data underwent a statistical analysis using the Statistica software (StatSoft, 2016). The research established the correlation between the type of grain (barley or wheat malt) and the content of organic compounds, e.g., β-glucan, polyphenols, soluble nitrogen, etc. The research also revealed some patterns in the distribution of proteins, which served as a framework for the system of organic compounds. The distribution of thiol proteins proved to depend on the dissolution degree of the grain and was different in barley light, barley dark, and wheat malt samples. The fraction distribution of β-glucan depended on the color of the malt. In light beer samples, it concentrated in high- and medium-molecular fractions of nitrogenous substances, in dark beer – in low-molecular fractions (≤ 63%). Initial wort density and alcohol content affected the amount of catechins and total polyphenols. Nitrogenous compounds depended on the color, initial extract, and alcohol content. The nitrogenous structure and other organic compounds of beer proved to depend on protein substances. The research also revealed a number of factors that affected the fraction distribution of biomolecules in different beer sorts.
本文介绍了啤酒作为一个由相关生物分子组成的复杂系统的总体结构的确定问题。目的是建立啤酒配方中不同数量的有机化合物的相关性。这项研究的特点是从莫斯科(俄罗斯)的一家零售连锁店获得的过滤巴氏消毒啤酒样本。实验采用标准的研究方法,包括仪器分析方法,如高效液相色谱(HPLC)。使用Statistica软件(StatSoft, 2016)对获得的实验数据进行统计分析。该研究建立了谷物类型(大麦或小麦麦芽)与有机化合物(如β-葡聚糖、多酚、可溶性氮等)含量之间的相关性。该研究还揭示了蛋白质分布的一些模式,这些模式作为有机化合物系统的框架。硫醇蛋白的分布与籽粒的溶解程度有关,在大麦淡麦、大麦暗麦和小麦麦芽样品中有所不同。β-葡聚糖的分数分布取决于麦芽的颜色。在淡啤酒样品中,它集中在含氮物质的高分子和中等分子部分,在黑啤酒中,它集中在低分子部分(≤63%)。初始麦汁浓度和酒精含量影响儿茶素和总多酚的含量。含氮化合物取决于颜色、初始提取物和酒精含量。啤酒的氮结构和其他有机化合物被证明依赖于蛋白质物质。该研究还揭示了影响不同啤酒种类中生物分子分数分布的一些因素。
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引用次数: 0
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Foods and Raw Materials
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