Yilong Liu, Wenwen You, Ruoqi Wang, Tao Zeng, Xiaoyong Zhao, Yunlin Cao, Wenna Zhang, Zongxing Nie, Xiaochun Yang, Xian Li
Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) is a functional food with long medical usage and excellent health-promoting effects. In this study, comparative metabolomics analysis between the yellow hawthorn berry (Crataegus pinnatifida) and the red-skinned ones was first carried out with the peel and flesh separated to fully understand the polyphenol composition and metabolite variations. A total of 453 polyphenols was characterized, among which phenolic acids and flavonoids were abundant, and were closely relevant to the antioxidant capacity of hawthorn fruits. Polyphenol profile showed accession-specific accumulation in peel or flesh of different colored hawthorn. The unique yellow hawthorn was found to have few anthocyanins but show enhanced flux to synthesize flavones and flavonols, especially flavone C-glycosides and acylated flavonol glycosides. The specific acylation decoration includes acetylation, p-coumaroylation, and malonylation. In addition, the yellow hawthorn showed excellent α-glucosidase inhibitory effect, which might be associated with the high concentration of 8 polyphenols including 5 phenolic acids, 2 flavone C-glycosides, and an acylated flavonol glycoside, namely quercetin-7-O-(6''-malonyl)glucoside. Such acylated flavonol showed the highest correlation ship with the inhibition effect of hawthorn fruits on α-glucosidase, and was predicted to had the lowest binding energy with the enzyme by molecular docking analysis, indicating its great potential as a strong α-glucosidase inhibitors and an important antidiabetic ingredient in yellow hawthorn. Thus, acylated flavonol glycosides and C-glycosyl flavones might be chemotaxonomic markers differentiating varieties and bioactivities of yellow hawthorn from the traditional red-skinned ones. These findings complement the existing knowledge on the metabolite composition and nutritional properties of hawthorn fruits.
{"title":"Comparative metabolomics analysis of a unique yellow hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida) and red-skinned cultivars reveals a different polyphenol biosynthesis flux and antioxidative and antidiabetic potential","authors":"Yilong Liu, Wenwen You, Ruoqi Wang, Tao Zeng, Xiaoyong Zhao, Yunlin Cao, Wenna Zhang, Zongxing Nie, Xiaochun Yang, Xian Li","doi":"10.1093/fqsafe/fyae006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyae006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) is a functional food with long medical usage and excellent health-promoting effects. In this study, comparative metabolomics analysis between the yellow hawthorn berry (Crataegus pinnatifida) and the red-skinned ones was first carried out with the peel and flesh separated to fully understand the polyphenol composition and metabolite variations. A total of 453 polyphenols was characterized, among which phenolic acids and flavonoids were abundant, and were closely relevant to the antioxidant capacity of hawthorn fruits. Polyphenol profile showed accession-specific accumulation in peel or flesh of different colored hawthorn. The unique yellow hawthorn was found to have few anthocyanins but show enhanced flux to synthesize flavones and flavonols, especially flavone C-glycosides and acylated flavonol glycosides. The specific acylation decoration includes acetylation, p-coumaroylation, and malonylation. In addition, the yellow hawthorn showed excellent α-glucosidase inhibitory effect, which might be associated with the high concentration of 8 polyphenols including 5 phenolic acids, 2 flavone C-glycosides, and an acylated flavonol glycoside, namely quercetin-7-O-(6''-malonyl)glucoside. Such acylated flavonol showed the highest correlation ship with the inhibition effect of hawthorn fruits on α-glucosidase, and was predicted to had the lowest binding energy with the enzyme by molecular docking analysis, indicating its great potential as a strong α-glucosidase inhibitors and an important antidiabetic ingredient in yellow hawthorn. Thus, acylated flavonol glycosides and C-glycosyl flavones might be chemotaxonomic markers differentiating varieties and bioactivities of yellow hawthorn from the traditional red-skinned ones. These findings complement the existing knowledge on the metabolite composition and nutritional properties of hawthorn fruits.","PeriodicalId":12427,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Safety","volume":"11 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139438220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chen Chen, Zhichao Xue, P. Pristijono, John B Golding, Gang Chen, Yongxin Li, Huqing Yang
Rhizopus stolonifer (R. stolonifer) causing soft rot of sweetpotato resulted in postharvest substantial loss of economy. The antifungal effect and mechanism of cinnamaldehyde (CIN) against R. stolonifer were explored by biochemical analysis and RNA-sequencing in this research, and the edible quality of CIN-treated sweetpotato was evaluated. The results showed that CIN inhibited the growth of R. stolonifer and reduced the incidence of soft rot in sweetpotato at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1000 μL/L. The damage of cell walls of R. stolonifer by CIN was associated with the up-regulation of CHT1. Cytosolic leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased following CIN-treatment, which was correlated to higher ROS levels and lower catalase activity. Up-regulation of ERG genes and oxidative stress-related genes following CIN treatment was associated with impaired cell membrane integrity. The mitochondrial structure of R. stolonifer was damaged by CIN treatment resulting in lower respiration rates and ATP production, which was correlated with lower expressions of IDH1, COX4 and QCR7. Our research suggested that the inhibition of CIN on R. stolonifer was related to the disruption of its normal gene expression network. And CIN maintained the nutritional and edible quality of sweetpotato. This study provides valuable insights into the antifungal mechanism of CIN on R. stolonifer and the maintenance of root quality, which contributes to efficient use of CIN on controlling soft rot of sweetpotato.
导致甘薯软腐病的匍匐茎根瘤菌（Rhizopus stolonifer，R. stolonifer）会给收获后的甘薯造成巨大的经济损失。本研究通过生化分析和 RNA 序列分析探讨了肉桂醛（CIN）对 R. stolonifer 的抗真菌作用及其机制，并对 CIN 处理过的甘薯的食用品质进行了评价。结果表明，在最低抑制浓度为 1000 μL/L 时，CIN 可抑制 R. stolonifer 的生长，降低甘薯软腐病的发病率。CIN 对 R. stolonifer 细胞壁的破坏与 CHT1 的上调有关。CIN 处理后细胞膜渗漏和丙二醛（MDA）含量增加，这与 ROS 水平升高和过氧化氢酶活性降低有关。CIN处理后ERG基因和氧化应激相关基因的上调与细胞膜完整性受损有关。CIN 处理破坏了匍匐茎 R. 的线粒体结构，导致呼吸速率和 ATP 生成量降低，这与 IDH1、COX4 和 QCR7 表达量降低有关。我们的研究表明，CIN 对匍匐茎的抑制作用与其正常基因表达网络的破坏有关。而 CIN 能保持甘薯的营养和食用品质。这项研究为了解 CIN 对匍匐茎根瘤菌的抗真菌机制以及保持根部品质提供了宝贵的见解，有助于有效利用 CIN 控制甘薯软腐病。
{"title":"Effect of cinnamaldehyde on Rhizopus stolonifer and on the conservation of sweetpotato","authors":"Chen Chen, Zhichao Xue, P. Pristijono, John B Golding, Gang Chen, Yongxin Li, Huqing Yang","doi":"10.1093/fqsafe/fyad072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyad072","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Rhizopus stolonifer (R. stolonifer) causing soft rot of sweetpotato resulted in postharvest substantial loss of economy. The antifungal effect and mechanism of cinnamaldehyde (CIN) against R. stolonifer were explored by biochemical analysis and RNA-sequencing in this research, and the edible quality of CIN-treated sweetpotato was evaluated. The results showed that CIN inhibited the growth of R. stolonifer and reduced the incidence of soft rot in sweetpotato at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1000 μL/L. The damage of cell walls of R. stolonifer by CIN was associated with the up-regulation of CHT1. Cytosolic leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased following CIN-treatment, which was correlated to higher ROS levels and lower catalase activity. Up-regulation of ERG genes and oxidative stress-related genes following CIN treatment was associated with impaired cell membrane integrity. The mitochondrial structure of R. stolonifer was damaged by CIN treatment resulting in lower respiration rates and ATP production, which was correlated with lower expressions of IDH1, COX4 and QCR7. Our research suggested that the inhibition of CIN on R. stolonifer was related to the disruption of its normal gene expression network. And CIN maintained the nutritional and edible quality of sweetpotato. This study provides valuable insights into the antifungal mechanism of CIN on R. stolonifer and the maintenance of root quality, which contributes to efficient use of CIN on controlling soft rot of sweetpotato.","PeriodicalId":12427,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Safety","volume":"51 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139449457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. S. Yogeswari, J. Selamat, N. Jambari, A. Khatib, Mohd Hishammfariz Mohd Amin, S. Murugesu
The poultry industry is experiencing rapid growth worldwide. This accelerated growth has led to multiple food fraud incidents across the food supply chain, which consequently created a demand for precise determination of quality poultry production. This increase in demand for precise poultry production quality has necessitated advanced solutions. Metabolomics emerges as a viable solution by offering detailed differentiation of biochemical indicators throughout the poultry supply chain. Additionally, it provides a means to address risk factors affecting the poultry industry without compromising animal welfare, which is a critical concern. This review focuses on the important issues related to poultry product quality assessment. Food adulteration has escalated in recent years as it is driven by the increasing focus on consuming high-quality and nutritious food. However, there is no specific guideline for such determinations, especially when appearance, texture, and taste can be manipulated by substituting the food components. Metabolomics can pave the way for a deeper understanding of existing and novel biochemical indicators responsible for determining the quality of poultry meat and eggs. This approach holds the potential to enhance the overall quality of poultry meat and egg products while also preventing food fraud.
{"title":"Metabolomics for Quality Assessment of Poultry Meat and Eggs","authors":"M. S. Yogeswari, J. Selamat, N. Jambari, A. Khatib, Mohd Hishammfariz Mohd Amin, S. Murugesu","doi":"10.1093/fqsafe/fyae004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyae004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The poultry industry is experiencing rapid growth worldwide. This accelerated growth has led to multiple food fraud incidents across the food supply chain, which consequently created a demand for precise determination of quality poultry production. This increase in demand for precise poultry production quality has necessitated advanced solutions. Metabolomics emerges as a viable solution by offering detailed differentiation of biochemical indicators throughout the poultry supply chain. Additionally, it provides a means to address risk factors affecting the poultry industry without compromising animal welfare, which is a critical concern. This review focuses on the important issues related to poultry product quality assessment. Food adulteration has escalated in recent years as it is driven by the increasing focus on consuming high-quality and nutritious food. However, there is no specific guideline for such determinations, especially when appearance, texture, and taste can be manipulated by substituting the food components. Metabolomics can pave the way for a deeper understanding of existing and novel biochemical indicators responsible for determining the quality of poultry meat and eggs. This approach holds the potential to enhance the overall quality of poultry meat and egg products while also preventing food fraud.","PeriodicalId":12427,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Safety","volume":"2 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139380890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The amphenicols (chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol and florfenicol) can cause aplastic anaemia and other severe side effects to the consumers, so it is very necessary to inspect their residues in foods of animal origin. However, there has been no paper reporting the use of amphenicols receptor for the determination of their residues, and all the previously reported immunoassays for amphenicols can not differentiate the specific species. In this study, the ribosomal protein L16 of Escherichia coli was first expressed, and its intermolecular interaction mechanisms with the three amphenicols were studied by using molecular docking technique. Then the protein was combined with three enzyme labeled conjugates to develop a direct competitive array on microplate for determination of the three drugs in egg. Due to the use of principal component analysis to analyze the data, this method could discriminate the three drugs in the range of 0.1-10 ng/mL, and the limits of detection for the three drugs were in the range of 0.0002-0.0009 ng/mL. The analysis results for the unknown egg samples were consistent with a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method, and the method performances were superior to the previous immunoassays for amphenicols. This is the first paper reporting the use of ribosomal protein L16 to develop a competitive array for discriminative determination of amphenicols in food sample.
{"title":"Development of a competitive array for discriminative determination of amphenicols in egg based on ribosomal protein L16","authors":"Yi Cai, Ning Ma, Ning Peng Wu, Jian Ping Wang","doi":"10.1093/fqsafe/fyad070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyad070","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The amphenicols (chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol and florfenicol) can cause aplastic anaemia and other severe side effects to the consumers, so it is very necessary to inspect their residues in foods of animal origin. However, there has been no paper reporting the use of amphenicols receptor for the determination of their residues, and all the previously reported immunoassays for amphenicols can not differentiate the specific species.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In this study, the ribosomal protein L16 of Escherichia coli was first expressed, and its intermolecular interaction mechanisms with the three amphenicols were studied by using molecular docking technique. Then the protein was combined with three enzyme labeled conjugates to develop a direct competitive array on microplate for determination of the three drugs in egg.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Due to the use of principal component analysis to analyze the data, this method could discriminate the three drugs in the range of 0.1-10 ng/mL, and the limits of detection for the three drugs were in the range of 0.0002-0.0009 ng/mL. The analysis results for the unknown egg samples were consistent with a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method, and the method performances were superior to the previous immunoassays for amphenicols.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This is the first paper reporting the use of ribosomal protein L16 to develop a competitive array for discriminative determination of amphenicols in food sample.\u0000","PeriodicalId":12427,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Safety","volume":"113 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139391634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Curing is a widely used food processing technology. However, the hypertonic stress in curing can induce varying degrees of resistance in foodborne pathogens, posing a potential threat to food safety. In this work, various Salmonella enterica serovar Newport (S. Newport) strains were cultured using 5% and 10% NaCl solutions (hypertonic stress), and the most sensitive and tolerant strains were selected using Weibull model to investigate the mechanism underlying the tolerance differences. With hypertonic-stress time prolonging, the leakage of nucleic acids and proteins of S. Newport were increased gradually, and the membrane potential of S. Newport declined after an increase. Compared with the sensitive strain, the tolerant counterpart exhibited the ability to maintain the integrity of cell membrane and sustain a high membrane potential level. The expression levels of upstream genes proV and otsB in the tolerant strain were significantly lower than those in the sensitive strain; but the Kdp and Trk systems and downstream genes proX, proW and otsA much highly expressed in the tolerant strain compared with the sensitive strain, leading to higher concentrations of intracellular K+ and trehalose, enabling better survival in hypertonic environment. The findings of this work offer valuable insights into pathogen survival mechanisms under hypertonic stress and contribute to the development of strategies for mitigating microbiological risks during long-term processing and storge in the cured food industry.
{"title":"Tolerance variations and mechanisms of Salmonella enterica serovar Newport in response to long-term hypertonic stress","authors":"Yue Zhang, Xinyu Liao, Jinsong Feng, Tian Ding","doi":"10.1093/fqsafe/fyad068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyad068","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Curing is a widely used food processing technology. However, the hypertonic stress in curing can induce varying degrees of resistance in foodborne pathogens, posing a potential threat to food safety. In this work, various Salmonella enterica serovar Newport (S. Newport) strains were cultured using 5% and 10% NaCl solutions (hypertonic stress), and the most sensitive and tolerant strains were selected using Weibull model to investigate the mechanism underlying the tolerance differences. With hypertonic-stress time prolonging, the leakage of nucleic acids and proteins of S. Newport were increased gradually, and the membrane potential of S. Newport declined after an increase. Compared with the sensitive strain, the tolerant counterpart exhibited the ability to maintain the integrity of cell membrane and sustain a high membrane potential level. The expression levels of upstream genes proV and otsB in the tolerant strain were significantly lower than those in the sensitive strain; but the Kdp and Trk systems and downstream genes proX, proW and otsA much highly expressed in the tolerant strain compared with the sensitive strain, leading to higher concentrations of intracellular K+ and trehalose, enabling better survival in hypertonic environment. The findings of this work offer valuable insights into pathogen survival mechanisms under hypertonic stress and contribute to the development of strategies for mitigating microbiological risks during long-term processing and storge in the cured food industry.","PeriodicalId":12427,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Safety","volume":"115 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139391243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Blue mold is a common postharvest disease that leads to serious rot and patulin contamination in fruits, which is a key factor endangering the storage and quality of apple products. However, the Penicillium species from apple blue mold in China and their pathogenicity and patulin (PAT) production ability have not been well studied. In this study, 62 strains of pathogenic Penicillium species were isolated from blue mold apples collected from different Chinese regions. The ITS, BenA and CaM genes were sequenced for molecular identification. Penicillium strains were identified as three species with 57 P. expansum, 3 P. crustosum, and 2 P. polonicum. Twelve variants of the ITS sequence, 61 variants of BenA and 67 variants of CaM genes were identified between Penicillium species. Fungal morphology was observed on PDA. After 10 d of cultivation, P. expansum cultures were detected with PAT concentrations ranging from 457.98 to 1333.85 mg/kg, and two P. polonicum strains were 6.02 and 6.30 mg/kg. Three P. crustosum strains could not produce PAT on PDA. In apple inoculation, P. expansum strains showed significantly faster infection rates than P. crustosum and P. polonicum strains. All P. expansum strains can produce PAT during infection, and the concentrations in the rot apple tissues were 2.31 to 88.67 mg/kg. The P. crustosum and P. polonicum strains could not produce PAT during infection. This study provided data and information regarding the morphology, virulence and PAT production of Penicillium pathogens that will improve the understanding of apple blue mold and postharvest disease control.
{"title":"Genetic identification, pathogenicity and patulin production of Penicillium species from apple blue mold in China","authors":"Youming Shen, Wenyu Ma, Ning Ma, Mengyao Li, Jianyi Zhang, Guofeng Xu","doi":"10.1093/fqsafe/fyad073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyad073","url":null,"abstract":"Blue mold is a common postharvest disease that leads to serious rot and patulin contamination in fruits, which is a key factor endangering the storage and quality of apple products. However, the Penicillium species from apple blue mold in China and their pathogenicity and patulin (PAT) production ability have not been well studied. In this study, 62 strains of pathogenic Penicillium species were isolated from blue mold apples collected from different Chinese regions. The ITS, BenA and CaM genes were sequenced for molecular identification. Penicillium strains were identified as three species with 57 P. expansum, 3 P. crustosum, and 2 P. polonicum. Twelve variants of the ITS sequence, 61 variants of BenA and 67 variants of CaM genes were identified between Penicillium species. Fungal morphology was observed on PDA. After 10 d of cultivation, P. expansum cultures were detected with PAT concentrations ranging from 457.98 to 1333.85 mg/kg, and two P. polonicum strains were 6.02 and 6.30 mg/kg. Three P. crustosum strains could not produce PAT on PDA. In apple inoculation, P. expansum strains showed significantly faster infection rates than P. crustosum and P. polonicum strains. All P. expansum strains can produce PAT during infection, and the concentrations in the rot apple tissues were 2.31 to 88.67 mg/kg. The P. crustosum and P. polonicum strains could not produce PAT during infection. This study provided data and information regarding the morphology, virulence and PAT production of Penicillium pathogens that will improve the understanding of apple blue mold and postharvest disease control.","PeriodicalId":12427,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Safety","volume":" 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139143969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuang Wu, Jun Chang, Xiaohua Yao, Kailiang Wang, Chengcai Zhang
The changes in the chemical composition of oil from pecan kernels following infection with black spot disease were evaluated herein to determine whether the disease affects the quality of the seed oil. The findings should provide theoretical support for developing the pecan industry and enhancing the risk resistance of the industry. Oil samples from healthy and diseased pecan kernels were obtained using the squeezing method, and the bioactive substances and fatty acid composition of the two types of oil samples were compared. The degree of oxidation and deterioration of the diseased kernel oil was evaluated. Based on supervised orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis, gray correlation analysis, and unsupervised factor analysis, a multivariate evaluation model was established to comprehensively score the quality of the two types of oils. The results showed that compared with the healthy kernel oil, the contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids, as well as the peroxide and acid values, were significantly increased in the diseased kernel oil. The content of oleic acid was also significantly increased in the diseased kernel oil, as was the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to polyunsaturated acids. In addition, no aflatoxin was detected. Multivariate analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the quality of the diseased kernel oil compared with the healthy kernel oil. Therefore, following infection, the pecan oil begins to oxidize, but this does not have a significant negative effect on the nutrients, suggesting that oil from diseased kernels has the potential to be further processed and sold as edible-grade vegetable oil.
{"title":"Effect of black spot infection on the chemical composition and comprehensive quality of pecan (Carya illinoinensis) kernel oil","authors":"Shuang Wu, Jun Chang, Xiaohua Yao, Kailiang Wang, Chengcai Zhang","doi":"10.1093/fqsafe/fyad069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyad069","url":null,"abstract":"The changes in the chemical composition of oil from pecan kernels following infection with black spot disease were evaluated herein to determine whether the disease affects the quality of the seed oil. The findings should provide theoretical support for developing the pecan industry and enhancing the risk resistance of the industry. Oil samples from healthy and diseased pecan kernels were obtained using the squeezing method, and the bioactive substances and fatty acid composition of the two types of oil samples were compared. The degree of oxidation and deterioration of the diseased kernel oil was evaluated. Based on supervised orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis, gray correlation analysis, and unsupervised factor analysis, a multivariate evaluation model was established to comprehensively score the quality of the two types of oils. The results showed that compared with the healthy kernel oil, the contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids, as well as the peroxide and acid values, were significantly increased in the diseased kernel oil. The content of oleic acid was also significantly increased in the diseased kernel oil, as was the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to polyunsaturated acids. In addition, no aflatoxin was detected. Multivariate analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the quality of the diseased kernel oil compared with the healthy kernel oil. Therefore, following infection, the pecan oil begins to oxidize, but this does not have a significant negative effect on the nutrients, suggesting that oil from diseased kernels has the potential to be further processed and sold as edible-grade vegetable oil.","PeriodicalId":12427,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Safety","volume":"11 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139155657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brassinolides (BRs) are a kind of endogenous plant hormones that plays an important role in regulating fruit ripening. BRs can regulate the process of fruit ripening by interacting with plant growth regulators and transcription factors. In this review, we have discussed recent research advances on the role of BRs in fruit ripening and its relation to plant growth regulators and transcription factors. In addition, BRs signaling molecules which are involved in fruit ripening and ripening-related genes were also highlighted. Consequently, the review can provide a better theoretical basis for improving fruit quality and regulating fruit ripening to speed up market availability, and for studying the mechanisms of BRs in fruit ripening.
{"title":"The involvement of brassinolides in fruit ripening: crosstalk with plant growth regulators and transcription factors","authors":"Ailing Li, Xuetong Wu, Yi Huang, Xuejuan Pan, Kangding Yao, Zhiya Liu, Chunlei Wang, Weibiao Liao","doi":"10.1093/fqsafe/fyad071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyad071","url":null,"abstract":"Brassinolides (BRs) are a kind of endogenous plant hormones that plays an important role in regulating fruit ripening. BRs can regulate the process of fruit ripening by interacting with plant growth regulators and transcription factors. In this review, we have discussed recent research advances on the role of BRs in fruit ripening and its relation to plant growth regulators and transcription factors. In addition, BRs signaling molecules which are involved in fruit ripening and ripening-related genes were also highlighted. Consequently, the review can provide a better theoretical basis for improving fruit quality and regulating fruit ripening to speed up market availability, and for studying the mechanisms of BRs in fruit ripening.","PeriodicalId":12427,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Safety","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139155872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xipan Shu, Wenna Zhang, Yilong Liu, Xingqian Ye, Kunsong Chen, Xian Li, Yunlin Cao
Cultivated hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida var. major), the principal cultivated hawthorn species in China, is rich in phenolic compounds. These phytochemicals are considered essential bioactive ingredients in different organs of the cultivated hawthorn, contributing to its health effects. However, there is lack of a comprehensive review that systematically summarizes the chemistry, health effects, and stability of phenolic substances. This review summarizes recent progress in characterization, classification and distribution of phenolic compounds in C. pinnatifida var. major, including procyanidins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans and others. Importantly, the stability of these compounds was found to be influenced by factors such as the hawthorn development process, postharvest storage, postharvest processing, and the gastrointestinal tract environment. Additionally, the health effects of phenolic compounds in the cultivated hawthorn and their underlying mechanisms were discussed. This review provides valuable insights for the utilization of hawthorn resources and development of the hawthorn industry.
栽培山楂（Crataegus pinnatifida var. major）是中国的主要栽培山楂品种，富含酚类化合物。这些植物化学物质被认为是栽培山楂不同器官中不可或缺的生物活性成分，有助于其保健作用。然而，目前还缺乏系统总结酚类物质的化学性质、健康效应和稳定性的全面综述。本综述总结了主山楂中酚类化合物（包括原花青素、黄酮类、酚酸、木脂素等）的表征、分类和分布方面的最新进展。重要的是，研究发现这些化合物的稳定性受到山楂生长过程、采后贮藏、采后加工和胃肠道环境等因素的影响。此外，还讨论了栽培山楂中酚类化合物对健康的影响及其内在机制。本综述为山楂资源的利用和山楂产业的发展提供了有价值的见解。
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As the global COVID-19 pandemic stabilizes and control measures gradually ease, the food supply chain enters the post-pandemic era. The food supply chain is closely related to people's daily life, and it is becoming increasingly important to grasp its development direction in the post-epidemic era. So the aim of this paper is to summarize the changes and continuity of the food supply chains in the post-pandemic era. We used food reports published by most global authorities as the data source for this study and analyzed the development of production, logistics and consumption of food supply chains from the two dimensions of post-pandemic and pre-pandemic. Our paper shows, on one hand, the relaxation of COVID-19 control measures allows food production workers to return to their jobs, facilitates smooth food logistics, and reduces uncertainty in the food supply chain, thereby providing a better environment for its development. On the other hand, industry 4.0 plays an increasingly prominent role in the food supply chain. The trends of digitalization and mechanization in food production, cold chain logistics, smart logistics, online shopping, and health-conscious consumption that emerged during the pandemic will continue to persist and evolve in the post-pandemic era. We attempt to systematically analyze the development trend of food supply chain in the post-pandemic era, point out the implications and approaches for future research, and provide theoretical references for researchers, practitioners and consumers in the food field.
{"title":"After the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Changes and Continuities in the Food Supply Chain","authors":"Chenyang Yu, Jinbo Song","doi":"10.1093/fqsafe/fyad066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyad066","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As the global COVID-19 pandemic stabilizes and control measures gradually ease, the food supply chain enters the post-pandemic era. The food supply chain is closely related to people's daily life, and it is becoming increasingly important to grasp its development direction in the post-epidemic era. So the aim of this paper is to summarize the changes and continuity of the food supply chains in the post-pandemic era. We used food reports published by most global authorities as the data source for this study and analyzed the development of production, logistics and consumption of food supply chains from the two dimensions of post-pandemic and pre-pandemic. Our paper shows, on one hand, the relaxation of COVID-19 control measures allows food production workers to return to their jobs, facilitates smooth food logistics, and reduces uncertainty in the food supply chain, thereby providing a better environment for its development. On the other hand, industry 4.0 plays an increasingly prominent role in the food supply chain. The trends of digitalization and mechanization in food production, cold chain logistics, smart logistics, online shopping, and health-conscious consumption that emerged during the pandemic will continue to persist and evolve in the post-pandemic era. We attempt to systematically analyze the development trend of food supply chain in the post-pandemic era, point out the implications and approaches for future research, and provide theoretical references for researchers, practitioners and consumers in the food field.","PeriodicalId":12427,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Safety","volume":"57 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138976470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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