Seed borne bacterial pathogens cause severe yield loss and biotoxin contamination in rice, leading to an increasing concern on the global food supply and environmental safety. Plant native microbes play an important role in defending against diseases, but their actions are often influenced by the chemical fungicides applied in the field. Here, Bacillus licheniformis mmj was isolated from rice spikelet, which uniquely showed not only the fungicide-responsiveness but also the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against major rice bacterial pathogens including Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Burkholderia plantarii and Burkholderia glumae. To understand the hallmark underlying the environmental adaption and antimicrobial activity of B. licheniformis mmj, the genome sequence was determined by SMRT and subjected to bioinformatics analysis. Genome sequence analysis enabled to identification of a set of the antimicrobial-resistance and antibacterial activity genes together with an array of harsh environment-adaptive genes. Moreover, B. licheniformis mmj metabolites were analyzed with gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, and the volatile components that were linked with the antimicrobial activity were preliminarily profiled. Collectively, the present findings reveal the genomic and metabolic landscapes underlying the fungicide-responsive B. licheniformis, which offers a new opportunity to design harsh environment-adaptive biopesticides to cope with the prevalent bacterial phytopathogens.
{"title":"Characterization of the chemical fungicides-responsive and bacterial pathogen-preventing Bacillus licheniformis in rice spikelet","authors":"Chengfang Zhan, Mengchen Wu, Hongda Fang, Xiaoyu Liu, Jiuyue Pan, Xiaoyan Fan, Mengcen Wang, Haruna Matsumoto","doi":"10.1093/fqsafe/fyad005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyad005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Seed borne bacterial pathogens cause severe yield loss and biotoxin contamination in rice, leading to an increasing concern on the global food supply and environmental safety. Plant native microbes play an important role in defending against diseases, but their actions are often influenced by the chemical fungicides applied in the field. Here, Bacillus licheniformis mmj was isolated from rice spikelet, which uniquely showed not only the fungicide-responsiveness but also the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against major rice bacterial pathogens including Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Burkholderia plantarii and Burkholderia glumae. To understand the hallmark underlying the environmental adaption and antimicrobial activity of B. licheniformis mmj, the genome sequence was determined by SMRT and subjected to bioinformatics analysis. Genome sequence analysis enabled to identification of a set of the antimicrobial-resistance and antibacterial activity genes together with an array of harsh environment-adaptive genes. Moreover, B. licheniformis mmj metabolites were analyzed with gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, and the volatile components that were linked with the antimicrobial activity were preliminarily profiled. Collectively, the present findings reveal the genomic and metabolic landscapes underlying the fungicide-responsive B. licheniformis, which offers a new opportunity to design harsh environment-adaptive biopesticides to cope with the prevalent bacterial phytopathogens.","PeriodicalId":12427,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42307754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shixuan Zhang, Kai Wang, Yongtao Qin, Shengyun Zhu, Qikuan Gao, Diru Liu
Proteins are important ingredients in the food industry for their excellent nutritional, functional and biological properties, while the application is limited by their sensitivity to environmental stresses like high temperature, pH changes and ionic strength. The Maillard reaction and transglutaminase-catalyzed glycosylation are the two main effective glycosylation ways to improve the stability and biological properties of proteins by mainly attaching monosaccharides or disaccharides to proteins, while protein-polysaccharide conjugates with superior functional properties are rarely discussed. Therefore, the present study reviews current state of the synthesis, biological activities and applications in food system of protein-polysaccharide conjugates formed via the Maillard reaction and transglutaminase-catalyzed glycosylation. The biological activities including antioxidant, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities of proteins are improved after glycosylation, and the formed protein-polysaccharide conjugates can be applied to stabilize emulsions or deliver bioactive compounds in foods. The bioactivities produced at precisely controlled glycosylation conditions would make protein-polysaccharide conjugates a promising application in foods with healthy properties.
{"title":"The Synthesis, Biological activities and Applications of Protein-Polysaccharide Conjugates in Food System: A Review","authors":"Shixuan Zhang, Kai Wang, Yongtao Qin, Shengyun Zhu, Qikuan Gao, Diru Liu","doi":"10.1093/fqsafe/fyad006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyad006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Proteins are important ingredients in the food industry for their excellent nutritional, functional and biological properties, while the application is limited by their sensitivity to environmental stresses like high temperature, pH changes and ionic strength. The Maillard reaction and transglutaminase-catalyzed glycosylation are the two main effective glycosylation ways to improve the stability and biological properties of proteins by mainly attaching monosaccharides or disaccharides to proteins, while protein-polysaccharide conjugates with superior functional properties are rarely discussed. Therefore, the present study reviews current state of the synthesis, biological activities and applications in food system of protein-polysaccharide conjugates formed via the Maillard reaction and transglutaminase-catalyzed glycosylation. The biological activities including antioxidant, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities of proteins are improved after glycosylation, and the formed protein-polysaccharide conjugates can be applied to stabilize emulsions or deliver bioactive compounds in foods. The bioactivities produced at precisely controlled glycosylation conditions would make protein-polysaccharide conjugates a promising application in foods with healthy properties.","PeriodicalId":12427,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48304821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Dong, Yabin Niu, Huamao Wei, Yumeng Lin, Xin Lu, T. Yamashita, Ke-feng Yu, K. Takaki, Chunhong Yuan
The quality changes of shelled Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) were examined in relation to the effects of superchilling storage at -1 °C for 28 days by measuring changes in biochemical properties (microbial analysis, ATP-related compounds, pH, free amino acids) and sensory evaluations in this study. The results indicated that microorganism growth was significantly inhibited during superchilling storage. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) accumulated while ATP rapidly decreased in the adductor muscle. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and ADP were the primary components in the other 3 tissues including mantle, gill, and body trunk of oysters, and they remained relatively stable over time. The pH and adenylate energy charge (AEC) in the adductor muscle could be utilized as freshness indicators for shelled oysters. However, there were no significant differences (P >0.05) among the free amino acids during whole storage. According to the sensory evaluations, oysters could be alive and tolerated up to 21 days at -1 °C storage. The study demonstrated that superchilling storage at -1°C could better maintain the eating quality of shelled oysters and the shelf life was extended to 21 days.
{"title":"Effect of super-chilling storage on maintenance of quality and freshness of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)","authors":"S. Dong, Yabin Niu, Huamao Wei, Yumeng Lin, Xin Lu, T. Yamashita, Ke-feng Yu, K. Takaki, Chunhong Yuan","doi":"10.1093/fqsafe/fyad008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyad008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The quality changes of shelled Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) were examined in relation to the effects of superchilling storage at -1 °C for 28 days by measuring changes in biochemical properties (microbial analysis, ATP-related compounds, pH, free amino acids) and sensory evaluations in this study. The results indicated that microorganism growth was significantly inhibited during superchilling storage. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) accumulated while ATP rapidly decreased in the adductor muscle. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and ADP were the primary components in the other 3 tissues including mantle, gill, and body trunk of oysters, and they remained relatively stable over time. The pH and adenylate energy charge (AEC) in the adductor muscle could be utilized as freshness indicators for shelled oysters. However, there were no significant differences (P >0.05) among the free amino acids during whole storage. According to the sensory evaluations, oysters could be alive and tolerated up to 21 days at -1 °C storage. The study demonstrated that superchilling storage at -1°C could better maintain the eating quality of shelled oysters and the shelf life was extended to 21 days.","PeriodicalId":12427,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Safety","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41474929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to ferment Huyou peel and pomace could provide a reference for making full use of Huyou resources and provide valuable suggestions for the industrial production of functional foods. The effects of LAB fermentation on the bioactive composition, volatile compounds and antioxidant activity of Huyou peel and pomace were studied. Results showed that both Huyou peel and pomace were good substrates for LAB growth. LAB had remarkable influence on bioconversion of organic acids, among which ascorbic acid content was increased significantly. In addition, LAB could produce flavonoids with enhanced bioactivity and absorption. Particularly, the contents of rhoifolin, quercitrin and quercetin were increased by over 100%. Besides, the volatile compounds contents and aroma complexity were improved. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was enhanced. Thus, our study provided high-value applications of Huyou, and the fermented products with improved nutritional value and flavor were potentially beneficial to human health.
{"title":"Effects of lactic acid bacteria fermentation on the bioactive composition, volatile compounds and antioxidant activity of Huyou (Citrus aurantium ‘Changshan-huyou’) peel and pomace","authors":"Yake He, Yan-Yun Zhu, Jimin Lv, Yeong-Jo Gu, Ting Wang, Jian-Chu Chen","doi":"10.1093/fqsafe/fyad003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyad003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to ferment Huyou peel and pomace could provide a reference for making full use of Huyou resources and provide valuable suggestions for the industrial production of functional foods. The effects of LAB fermentation on the bioactive composition, volatile compounds and antioxidant activity of Huyou peel and pomace were studied. Results showed that both Huyou peel and pomace were good substrates for LAB growth. LAB had remarkable influence on bioconversion of organic acids, among which ascorbic acid content was increased significantly. In addition, LAB could produce flavonoids with enhanced bioactivity and absorption. Particularly, the contents of rhoifolin, quercitrin and quercetin were increased by over 100%. Besides, the volatile compounds contents and aroma complexity were improved. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was enhanced. Thus, our study provided high-value applications of Huyou, and the fermented products with improved nutritional value and flavor were potentially beneficial to human health.","PeriodicalId":12427,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46867763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaogang Jiang, Jingdong Yao, M. Zhu, Bin Li, Yandong Liu, Ai-guo Ou-yang
The temperature difference of fruit itself will affect its near infrared (NIR) spectrum and the accuracy of its soluble solids content (SSC) prediction model. To eliminate the influence of apple temperature difference on SSC model, the diffuse transmission dynamic online detection device was used to collect the spectral data of apples at different temperatures, and four methods were used to establish partial least squares (PLS) correction models: global correction, orthogonal signal processing (OSC), generalized least squares weighting (GLSW) and external parameter orthogonal (EPO). The results show that the temperature has a strong influence on the diffuse transmission spectrum of apples. The 20℃ model can get a satisfactory prediction result when the temperature is constant, and there will be great errors when detecting samples at other temperatures. The effect of temperature must be corrected to establish a more general model. These methods all improve the accuracy of the model, with the EPO method giving the best results, prediction set correlation coefficient (Rp) is 0.947, Root Mean Square Error of Prediction (RMSEP) is 0.489 %Brix, and the prediction bias (Pred Bias) is 0.009 %Brix. The research results are of great significance to the practical application of SSC prediction of fruits in sorting workshops or orchards.
{"title":"Achieving robustness to temperature change of a NIR model for apple soluble solids content","authors":"Xiaogang Jiang, Jingdong Yao, M. Zhu, Bin Li, Yandong Liu, Ai-guo Ou-yang","doi":"10.1093/fqsafe/fyad002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyad002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The temperature difference of fruit itself will affect its near infrared (NIR) spectrum and the accuracy of its soluble solids content (SSC) prediction model. To eliminate the influence of apple temperature difference on SSC model, the diffuse transmission dynamic online detection device was used to collect the spectral data of apples at different temperatures, and four methods were used to establish partial least squares (PLS) correction models: global correction, orthogonal signal processing (OSC), generalized least squares weighting (GLSW) and external parameter orthogonal (EPO). The results show that the temperature has a strong influence on the diffuse transmission spectrum of apples. The 20℃ model can get a satisfactory prediction result when the temperature is constant, and there will be great errors when detecting samples at other temperatures. The effect of temperature must be corrected to establish a more general model. These methods all improve the accuracy of the model, with the EPO method giving the best results, prediction set correlation coefficient (Rp) is 0.947, Root Mean Square Error of Prediction (RMSEP) is 0.489 %Brix, and the prediction bias (Pred Bias) is 0.009 %Brix. The research results are of great significance to the practical application of SSC prediction of fruits in sorting workshops or orchards.","PeriodicalId":12427,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49622445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Penicillium italicum is the causal agent of citrus blue mold, which is a major threat to the global citrus fruit industry. Antofine, a natural phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid, is water-soluble and exhibits a broad range of biological activities. However, whether it can inhibit P. italicum growth and the potential inhibitory mechanism remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal mechanism of antofine against P. italicum using SEM, TEM, PI staining, and TMT-labeled quantitative proteomic analysis. Antofine was found to exhibit its preeminent antifungal activity against P. italicum with a MIC of 1.56 mg/L and a MFC of 6.25 mg/L. The challenge test revealed that antofine inhibited the development of citrus blue mold during a 6 day P. italicum-infected period. Antofine acted on its potential multi-targets to inhibit P. italicum growth by synergistically activating oxidative stress through accumulating excess ROS, impairing membrane integrity, inducing membrane lipid peroxidation, and disrupting mitochondrial function, thereby disrupting the membrane system and reducing cell viability. Moreover, antofine treatment down-regulated most DEPs involved in carbon metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, and the TCA cycle in P. italicum mycelia, which may explain the mitochondrial decomposition observed by TEM and the declines in ATP level as well as the TCA cycle-related enzymes activities. These results indicate that antofine treatment inhibited P. italicum growth by targeting the cell membrane and mitochondria.
{"title":"Integrative cytology and proteome alterations unravel the multi-target effect of a novel alkaloid antofine against Penicillium italicum","authors":"X. Peng, Chunpeng Wan, Yajie Zhang, Jinyin Chen, Zhicheng Yang, Xinyu Zhang, Chuying Chen","doi":"10.1093/fqsafe/fyad001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyad001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Penicillium italicum is the causal agent of citrus blue mold, which is a major threat to the global citrus fruit industry. Antofine, a natural phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid, is water-soluble and exhibits a broad range of biological activities. However, whether it can inhibit P. italicum growth and the potential inhibitory mechanism remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal mechanism of antofine against P. italicum using SEM, TEM, PI staining, and TMT-labeled quantitative proteomic analysis. Antofine was found to exhibit its preeminent antifungal activity against P. italicum with a MIC of 1.56 mg/L and a MFC of 6.25 mg/L. The challenge test revealed that antofine inhibited the development of citrus blue mold during a 6 day P. italicum-infected period. Antofine acted on its potential multi-targets to inhibit P. italicum growth by synergistically activating oxidative stress through accumulating excess ROS, impairing membrane integrity, inducing membrane lipid peroxidation, and disrupting mitochondrial function, thereby disrupting the membrane system and reducing cell viability. Moreover, antofine treatment down-regulated most DEPs involved in carbon metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, and the TCA cycle in P. italicum mycelia, which may explain the mitochondrial decomposition observed by TEM and the declines in ATP level as well as the TCA cycle-related enzymes activities. These results indicate that antofine treatment inhibited P. italicum growth by targeting the cell membrane and mitochondria.","PeriodicalId":12427,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47228605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current technology of X-ray imaging can recognize hard foreign materials (FMs) such as metal and high-density plastic. However, low-density foreign bodies still are a challenge for food quality and safety assessment. Electromagnetic vibration feeder aided with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and imaging were investigated for detecting tea stalk and insect FMs mixed with tea leaves non-destructively. THz time-domain signals were employed directly to develop the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) model with a precision of 100%, accuracy of 95.6% and recall of 98.7% in predicting the unknown samples. The high contrast THz-TDS images were obtained by the separation method for the samples using electromagnetic vibration feeder. The characteristic parameters of ratio of maximum length (L) to maximum width (W) and hue extracted from THz-TDS images indicated significant difference between tea leaves and FMs. The results suggested that electromagnetic vibration feeder combination with THz-TDS was feasible for detecting FMs in the finishing tea products.
{"title":"Non-destructive detection of tea stalk and insect foreign bodies based on THz-TDS combination of electromagnetic vibration feeder","authors":"Xudong Sun, Chao Xu, Chagen Luo, Dongfu Xie, Wei Fu, Zhiyuan Gong, Xinpeng Wang","doi":"10.1093/fqsafe/fyad004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyad004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Current technology of X-ray imaging can recognize hard foreign materials (FMs) such as metal and high-density plastic. However, low-density foreign bodies still are a challenge for food quality and safety assessment.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Electromagnetic vibration feeder aided with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and imaging were investigated for detecting tea stalk and insect FMs mixed with tea leaves non-destructively.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 THz time-domain signals were employed directly to develop the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) model with a precision of 100%, accuracy of 95.6% and recall of 98.7% in predicting the unknown samples. The high contrast THz-TDS images were obtained by the separation method for the samples using electromagnetic vibration feeder. The characteristic parameters of ratio of maximum length (L) to maximum width (W) and hue extracted from THz-TDS images indicated significant difference between tea leaves and FMs.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results suggested that electromagnetic vibration feeder combination with THz-TDS was feasible for detecting FMs in the finishing tea products.\u0000","PeriodicalId":12427,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48372295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Esther GarridoGamarro, Cecilie Smith Svanevik, Anne-Katrine Lundebye, Monica Sanden, Enrica D’Agostino, Marian Kjellevold, Lauren Pincus, Johannes Pucher
Abstract Ninety percent of the world’s fishers are directly involved in small-scale fisheries (SSFs), and many food safety and quality issues along the food value chains may be both irreversible and cumulative. Ensuring safe, high-quality aquatic products are key to sustaining life, promoting good health, and avoiding adverse health effects. Objective This paper aimed to highlight factors preventing the implementation of safety and quality assurance systems in SSFs by analysing the results from surveys on the implementation of Article 11 of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (2017, 2019, and 2022). Materials and methods The analysis considered responses to 15 closed-ended questions on food safety and quality obtained from 143 FAO Members and the European Union, and 87 open-ended replies addressing challenges in SSFs. Results The major factors preventing the implementation of the Code’s food safety and quality provisions were lack of sanitation and monitoring programmes, lack of infrastructure (particularly refrigeration facilities) lack of technical capacities and limited management of food safety risks along the value chains. Safety and quality assurance efforts were focused on international markets, resulting in less attention being paid to domestic markets where a high degree of informality was reported. Conclusions Improved implementation of safety and quality assurance systems will lead to safer food with higher nutritional quality, extended shelf-life and reduced post-harvest loss. Increased awareness of food safety issues in SSFs is a prerequisite for achieving several of the UN Sustainable Development Goals.
{"title":"Challenges in the implementation of food safety and quality assurance systems in small-scale fisheries","authors":"Esther GarridoGamarro, Cecilie Smith Svanevik, Anne-Katrine Lundebye, Monica Sanden, Enrica D’Agostino, Marian Kjellevold, Lauren Pincus, Johannes Pucher","doi":"10.1093/fqsafe/fyad007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyad007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ninety percent of the world’s fishers are directly involved in small-scale fisheries (SSFs), and many food safety and quality issues along the food value chains may be both irreversible and cumulative. Ensuring safe, high-quality aquatic products are key to sustaining life, promoting good health, and avoiding adverse health effects. Objective This paper aimed to highlight factors preventing the implementation of safety and quality assurance systems in SSFs by analysing the results from surveys on the implementation of Article 11 of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (2017, 2019, and 2022). Materials and methods The analysis considered responses to 15 closed-ended questions on food safety and quality obtained from 143 FAO Members and the European Union, and 87 open-ended replies addressing challenges in SSFs. Results The major factors preventing the implementation of the Code’s food safety and quality provisions were lack of sanitation and monitoring programmes, lack of infrastructure (particularly refrigeration facilities) lack of technical capacities and limited management of food safety risks along the value chains. Safety and quality assurance efforts were focused on international markets, resulting in less attention being paid to domestic markets where a high degree of informality was reported. Conclusions Improved implementation of safety and quality assurance systems will lead to safer food with higher nutritional quality, extended shelf-life and reduced post-harvest loss. Increased awareness of food safety issues in SSFs is a prerequisite for achieving several of the UN Sustainable Development Goals.","PeriodicalId":12427,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Safety","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135420115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper was conducted to explore the effects of melatonin (MT) on the senescence of stored Chinese flowering cabbage and the potential modulatory mechanisms involved. The physiological findings demonstrated that MT successfully reduced chlorophyll loss and improved the photochemical effectiveness of cabbage leaves. In addition, MT decreased the transcription of senescence-associated genes (BrSAG12) and genes responsible for chlorophyll breakdown. Transcriptome analysis showed that MT-regulated genes were enriched in oxidative phosphorylation, hormone metabolism and signal transduction, and MT treatment reduced the high expression of genes linked to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), energy metabolism, phytohormone (abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), and jasmonic acid (JA)) biological synthesis and signal transduction while promoting the activation of genes related to scavenging ROS, energy biosynthesis and plant–pathogen interactions. We emphasized the examination of the potential interaction between phytohormone metabolism and MT. The results showed that the application of MT decreased ABA, ET, and JA levels as well as the expression of their biosynthesis genes, concurrently maintaining higher expression of cytokinin, auxin and gibberellin biosynthetic genes and lower expression of degradation genes. Regulatory networks of transcription factors (TFs) and genes related to ABA, ET and JA metabolism showed that TFs such as DNA-binding One Zinc Finger 5.7 (DOF5.7), WRKY40, and homeobox-leucine zipper protein-16 (ATHB-16) might play important transcriptional regulatory roles in mediating MT postponed leaf senescence. Taken together, these findings suggested that the postponed senescence of cabbage treated with MT might be ascribed to the regulated oxidative phosphorylation, energy, phytohormone metabolism, and transcription factors.
{"title":"Melatonin retards leaf senescence by modulating phytohormones metabolism in stored Chinese flowering cabbage","authors":"Chenxiang Li, Xuemeng Shen, Zhongqi Fan, Jianye Chen, Nengguo Tao, Xiaoli Tan","doi":"10.1093/fqsafe/fyad037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyad037","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper was conducted to explore the effects of melatonin (MT) on the senescence of stored Chinese flowering cabbage and the potential modulatory mechanisms involved. The physiological findings demonstrated that MT successfully reduced chlorophyll loss and improved the photochemical effectiveness of cabbage leaves. In addition, MT decreased the transcription of senescence-associated genes (BrSAG12) and genes responsible for chlorophyll breakdown. Transcriptome analysis showed that MT-regulated genes were enriched in oxidative phosphorylation, hormone metabolism and signal transduction, and MT treatment reduced the high expression of genes linked to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), energy metabolism, phytohormone (abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), and jasmonic acid (JA)) biological synthesis and signal transduction while promoting the activation of genes related to scavenging ROS, energy biosynthesis and plant–pathogen interactions. We emphasized the examination of the potential interaction between phytohormone metabolism and MT. The results showed that the application of MT decreased ABA, ET, and JA levels as well as the expression of their biosynthesis genes, concurrently maintaining higher expression of cytokinin, auxin and gibberellin biosynthetic genes and lower expression of degradation genes. Regulatory networks of transcription factors (TFs) and genes related to ABA, ET and JA metabolism showed that TFs such as DNA-binding One Zinc Finger 5.7 (DOF5.7), WRKY40, and homeobox-leucine zipper protein-16 (ATHB-16) might play important transcriptional regulatory roles in mediating MT postponed leaf senescence. Taken together, these findings suggested that the postponed senescence of cabbage treated with MT might be ascribed to the regulated oxidative phosphorylation, energy, phytohormone metabolism, and transcription factors.","PeriodicalId":12427,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Safety","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134889522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Collagen peptides from marine organisms have drawn great attention in food, cosmetics and medicine owing to their multiple functions including antioxidant, anticancer, cardioprotection, skin protection, and wound healing effects. Recent reports have revealed that a large amount of solid waste is discarded from fisheries that could be used for producing high value-added products. This study aims to extract and purify collagens and peptides from sturgeon fish skin, a by-product obtained during the processing of sturgeon fish. A high yield of acid-soluble collagen was obtained by using acetic acid for extraction followed by sonication, while a high yield of pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) was shown by acetic acid and sonication followed by adding acetic acid and pepsin to the residue for extraction and then sonication. Two-stage hydrolysis with pepsin first followed by flavourzyme was necessary to produce high yield of PSC peptide. Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed the presence of type I collagen and the structural integrity was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Flavourzyme was more effective in hydrolyzing PSC into peptides with low molecular weight (MW) than pepsin, papain, alcalase, and trypsin. Purification of PSC hydrolysate with a Sephadex G-10 column to exclude peptide with MW>700 Da or ultrafiltration with a dialysis membrane with MW cutoff of 500 Da produced PSC peptides with MW<700 Da and MW<728 Da accounting, respectively, accounting for 40% or 52% of all the fragments based on low resolution-matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (LR-MALDI-MS). In conclusion, with sturgeon fish skin as raw material and flavourzyme level of 5%, the highest degree of hydrolysis and yield of PSC peptides with low MW was obtained by controlling the pH at 8, temperature at 50 °C, ratio of PSC to deionized water at 1:40 (mass concentration), hydrolysis time at 4 h, and ultrafiltration with dialyzing membrane MW cutoff of 500 Da.
{"title":"Extraction, Purification and Characterization of Collagen Peptide Prepared from Skin Hydrolysate of Sturgeon Fish","authors":"Nian-Ting Hou, Bing-Huei Chen","doi":"10.1093/fqsafe/fyad033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyad033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Collagen peptides from marine organisms have drawn great attention in food, cosmetics and medicine owing to their multiple functions including antioxidant, anticancer, cardioprotection, skin protection, and wound healing effects. Recent reports have revealed that a large amount of solid waste is discarded from fisheries that could be used for producing high value-added products. This study aims to extract and purify collagens and peptides from sturgeon fish skin, a by-product obtained during the processing of sturgeon fish. A high yield of acid-soluble collagen was obtained by using acetic acid for extraction followed by sonication, while a high yield of pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) was shown by acetic acid and sonication followed by adding acetic acid and pepsin to the residue for extraction and then sonication. Two-stage hydrolysis with pepsin first followed by flavourzyme was necessary to produce high yield of PSC peptide. Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed the presence of type I collagen and the structural integrity was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Flavourzyme was more effective in hydrolyzing PSC into peptides with low molecular weight (MW) than pepsin, papain, alcalase, and trypsin. Purification of PSC hydrolysate with a Sephadex G-10 column to exclude peptide with MW&gt;700 Da or ultrafiltration with a dialysis membrane with MW cutoff of 500 Da produced PSC peptides with MW&lt;700 Da and MW&lt;728 Da accounting, respectively, accounting for 40% or 52% of all the fragments based on low resolution-matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (LR-MALDI-MS). In conclusion, with sturgeon fish skin as raw material and flavourzyme level of 5%, the highest degree of hydrolysis and yield of PSC peptides with low MW was obtained by controlling the pH at 8, temperature at 50 °C, ratio of PSC to deionized water at 1:40 (mass concentration), hydrolysis time at 4 h, and ultrafiltration with dialyzing membrane MW cutoff of 500 Da.","PeriodicalId":12427,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Safety","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135734802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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