Rongbo Fan, Runjia Shi, Zhongyuan Ji, Qijing Du, Jun Wang, Hongning Jiang, R. Han, Yongxin Yang
Milk fatty acids significantly contribute to human nutrition and clinical health. However, previous evidence for changes in the fatty acid profiles of different dairy species following homogenization and heat treatment is lacking. Here, changes in fat globule particle size and fatty acids in samples of Holstein, goat, buffalo, yak, and camel milk following homogenization (20 MPa) and heat treatment (63 °C for 30 min and 90 °C for 15 min) were investigated using a laser particle sizer and gas chromatography approach. The results indicated that the milk fat globule particle size of all studied dairy species significantly decreased after homogenization and heat treatment, in which there was no difference. The fatty acid composition of C10:0 and medium-chain fatty acid in goat milk, C18:0 and long-chain fatty acid in camel milk, and C16:0 in buffalo and yak milk served as the characteristic traits of these milks. Changes in the relative contents of several fatty acids (C4:0, C10:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1n9c, and C18:3n3) were dependent on homogenization, heat treatment, and the type of dairy species. In particular, C18:3n3 significantly decreased in goat and camel milk after homogenization and heat treatment. These findings provide new insights into how homogenization and heat treatment affect the fatty acid profile and can be used to further improve the heat treatment of milk from minor dairy species.
{"title":"Effects of homogenization and heat treatment on fatty acids in milk from five dairy species","authors":"Rongbo Fan, Runjia Shi, Zhongyuan Ji, Qijing Du, Jun Wang, Hongning Jiang, R. Han, Yongxin Yang","doi":"10.1093/fqsafe/fyac069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyac069","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Milk fatty acids significantly contribute to human nutrition and clinical health. However, previous evidence for changes in the fatty acid profiles of different dairy species following homogenization and heat treatment is lacking. Here, changes in fat globule particle size and fatty acids in samples of Holstein, goat, buffalo, yak, and camel milk following homogenization (20 MPa) and heat treatment (63 °C for 30 min and 90 °C for 15 min) were investigated using a laser particle sizer and gas chromatography approach. The results indicated that the milk fat globule particle size of all studied dairy species significantly decreased after homogenization and heat treatment, in which there was no difference. The fatty acid composition of C10:0 and medium-chain fatty acid in goat milk, C18:0 and long-chain fatty acid in camel milk, and C16:0 in buffalo and yak milk served as the characteristic traits of these milks. Changes in the relative contents of several fatty acids (C4:0, C10:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1n9c, and C18:3n3) were dependent on homogenization, heat treatment, and the type of dairy species. In particular, C18:3n3 significantly decreased in goat and camel milk after homogenization and heat treatment. These findings provide new insights into how homogenization and heat treatment affect the fatty acid profile and can be used to further improve the heat treatment of milk from minor dairy species.","PeriodicalId":12427,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48041604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We used stir-fried oat flour as experimental material and raw oat flour as a control to explore the influence of stir-frying on the storage quality of oat flour. The HS-SPME-GC-MS method combined with the electronic nose technology was used to understand the lipid stability and analyze the changes in the flavor of the substances during the entire storage period. It was observed that during the storage period, stir-fried oat flour contained less water than raw oat. The former was characterized by a lower fatty acid value, lower acid value, and lower linoleic acid content, but higher oleic acid content and palmitic acid content compared to the latter. With the passage of storage time, the palmitic acid content significantly increased, and the linoleic acid content significantly decreased in raw and stir-fried oats flour (P <0.05). The sulfur and methyl contents in the stir-fried oat flour were higher than that in the raw flour, while the nitrogen oxide content in the former was lower than that in the latter. Stir-fried oat flour possessed a total of 78 identified flavor substances. The process of stir-frying boosts the oxidation decomposition of unsaturated fatty acids aldehydes and heterocyclic compounds produced by Maillard reaction, so that the flavor substances of stir-fried oat flour is richer. Stir-fried oat flour, containing diverse types of flavor substances, experienced more obvious flavor changes throughout the storage period than raw oat flour.
{"title":"Influence of stir-frying on the lipid stability and flavor substances in oat flour during storage using HS-SPME-GC-MS and electronic nose","authors":"Yuanyuan Zhang, Meili Zhang, Xue Bai, Yakun Zhang, Jing Zhang, Rui Huo","doi":"10.1093/fqsafe/fyac066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyac066","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We used stir-fried oat flour as experimental material and raw oat flour as a control to explore the influence of stir-frying on the storage quality of oat flour.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The HS-SPME-GC-MS method combined with the electronic nose technology was used to understand the lipid stability and analyze the changes in the flavor of the substances during the entire storage period.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 It was observed that during the storage period, stir-fried oat flour contained less water than raw oat. The former was characterized by a lower fatty acid value, lower acid value, and lower linoleic acid content, but higher oleic acid content and palmitic acid content compared to the latter. With the passage of storage time, the palmitic acid content significantly increased, and the linoleic acid content significantly decreased in raw and stir-fried oats flour (P <0.05). The sulfur and methyl contents in the stir-fried oat flour were higher than that in the raw flour, while the nitrogen oxide content in the former was lower than that in the latter. Stir-fried oat flour possessed a total of 78 identified flavor substances. The process of stir-frying boosts the oxidation decomposition of unsaturated fatty acids aldehydes and heterocyclic compounds produced by Maillard reaction, so that the flavor substances of stir-fried oat flour is richer.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Stir-fried oat flour, containing diverse types of flavor substances, experienced more obvious flavor changes throughout the storage period than raw oat flour.\u0000","PeriodicalId":12427,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49046872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polycarboxylic acids (PACs) are important metabolic products in almost all living bodies, yet current analytical methods for PACs detection in tea beverages are still unsatisfactory due to their complex matrix and physicochemical properties of PACs. In this work, a rapid method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of 7 PACs, including tartaric acid, α-ketoglutaric acid, malic acid, malonic acid, cis-aconitic acid, succinic acid and fumaric acid, in beverages, based on selective removal of the matrix in combination with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. By stirring with activated carbon and the Na2CO3 solution, the matrix in beverages was selectively removed, and PACs were almost retained in the supernatant of diluted Na2CO3 solution. Under optimized parameters, the limit of quantitation for the PACs was in the range of 1-50 ng/mL, and the content of the PACs in 8 beverages was determined with the recovery range of 72.2–122.5%. The content of malic acid, malonic acid, and succinic acid in tea beverages was found to be more than that in non-tea beverages, respectively. Moreover, the concentration of these PACs in beverages was found to be multiplied many times in their deterioration period, especially for fumaric acid and α-ketoglutaric acid. These results indicated that PACs can be selected as a criterion to differentiate the qualified tea beverages from the spoiled ones.
{"title":"Differentiation of the qualified tea beverages from the spoiled ones by the LC-MS based analysis of their polycarboxylic acids","authors":"Y. Kang, Chenghua Li, Huiru Li, Jing Li, K. Jiang","doi":"10.1093/fqsafe/fyac067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyac067","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Polycarboxylic acids (PACs) are important metabolic products in almost all living bodies, yet current analytical methods for PACs detection in tea beverages are still unsatisfactory due to their complex matrix and physicochemical properties of PACs. In this work, a rapid method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of 7 PACs, including tartaric acid, α-ketoglutaric acid, malic acid, malonic acid, cis-aconitic acid, succinic acid and fumaric acid, in beverages, based on selective removal of the matrix in combination with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. By stirring with activated carbon and the Na2CO3 solution, the matrix in beverages was selectively removed, and PACs were almost retained in the supernatant of diluted Na2CO3 solution. Under optimized parameters, the limit of quantitation for the PACs was in the range of 1-50 ng/mL, and the content of the PACs in 8 beverages was determined with the recovery range of 72.2–122.5%. The content of malic acid, malonic acid, and succinic acid in tea beverages was found to be more than that in non-tea beverages, respectively. Moreover, the concentration of these PACs in beverages was found to be multiplied many times in their deterioration period, especially for fumaric acid and α-ketoglutaric acid. These results indicated that PACs can be selected as a criterion to differentiate the qualified tea beverages from the spoiled ones.","PeriodicalId":12427,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44752404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Detection of fruit traits by using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy may encounter out-of-distribution (OOD) samples that exceed the generalization ability of a constructed calibration model. Therefore, need confidence analysis for a given prediction, but this cannot be done by using common calibration models of NIR spectroscopy. To handle this issue, this paper studied the Gaussian process regression (GPR) for fruit traits detection using NIR spectroscopy. The mean and variance of the GPR were used as the predicted value and confidence respectively. To show this, a real NIR data set related to dry matter content measurements in mango was used. As compared to the partial least squares regression (PLSR), GPR showed ~14% lower root mean squared error (RMSE) for the in-distribution (ID) test set. Compared with no confidence analysis, using the variance of GPR to remove abnormal samples made GPR and PLSR showed ~58% and ~10% lower RMSE on the mixed distribution test set respectively (when the type 1 error rate was set to 0.1). Compared with traditional one-class classification methods, the variance of the GPR can be used to effectively eliminate poorly predicted samples.
{"title":"Gaussian process regression for prediction and confidence analysis of fruit traits by near-infrared spectroscopy","authors":"Xiaojing Chen, Jianxia Xue, X. Chen, Xinyu Zhao, Shujat Ali, Guangzao Huang","doi":"10.1093/fqsafe/fyac068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyac068","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Detection of fruit traits by using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy may encounter out-of-distribution (OOD) samples that exceed the generalization ability of a constructed calibration model. Therefore, need confidence analysis for a given prediction, but this cannot be done by using common calibration models of NIR spectroscopy. To handle this issue, this paper studied the Gaussian process regression (GPR) for fruit traits detection using NIR spectroscopy. The mean and variance of the GPR were used as the predicted value and confidence respectively. To show this, a real NIR data set related to dry matter content measurements in mango was used. As compared to the partial least squares regression (PLSR), GPR showed ~14% lower root mean squared error (RMSE) for the in-distribution (ID) test set. Compared with no confidence analysis, using the variance of GPR to remove abnormal samples made GPR and PLSR showed ~58% and ~10% lower RMSE on the mixed distribution test set respectively (when the type 1 error rate was set to 0.1). Compared with traditional one-class classification methods, the variance of the GPR can be used to effectively eliminate poorly predicted samples.","PeriodicalId":12427,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45998581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) substrates have achieved high sensitivity, it is still difficult to apply these SERS protocols to the on-site detection of real samples due to the SERS substrate being fabrication-complexed or unstable or reproducible or unable to apply in the batch production. Here a large-scale ordered two-dimensional array of Au nano-hemisphere was developed through electron beam vaporization of Au onto the easy-available commercialized anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template with two-layer nanostructures of different diameters. The uniform Au nano-hemisphere is reliable for SERS detection of malachite green (MG) due to the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the SERS intensities at different locations less than 10%. With the optimized excitation wavelength, solvent effect and pH environment, the linear range of MG detection spans from 10 -10 to 10 -6 mol/L with the limit of detection (LOD) of 4×10 -10 mol/L. The enhancement factor can reach 1.2×10 6. After extracted with acetonitrile and dichloromethane, MG in the spiked tilapia was detected with satisfied recovery. The results indicate that the Au nano-hemisphere array can be expected to greatly facilitate SERS practical applications in detecting harmful food additives and chemicals due to the advantages of chemical inertness, physical robustness, simple fabrication, controllable, large-area uniformity, and large-batch production.
{"title":"Rapid Fabrication of Large-area and Uniform SERS substrate of Au Nano-hemisphere Array and its Application in detection of Malachite Green in Tilapia","authors":"Q. Zhang, Jiaojiao Han, Yanhong Chen, Zhiqing Jia, Xiaohui Pan, Karuppasamy Kohila Rani, Jianzhang Zhou, Tianhui Jiao, Qingmin Chen, Deyin Wu","doi":"10.1093/fqsafe/fyac061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyac061","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Although Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) substrates have achieved high sensitivity, it is still difficult to apply these SERS protocols to the on-site detection of real samples due to the SERS substrate being fabrication-complexed or unstable or reproducible or unable to apply in the batch production. Here a large-scale ordered two-dimensional array of Au nano-hemisphere was developed through electron beam vaporization of Au onto the easy-available commercialized anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template with two-layer nanostructures of different diameters. The uniform Au nano-hemisphere is reliable for SERS detection of malachite green (MG) due to the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the SERS intensities at different locations less than 10%. With the optimized excitation wavelength, solvent effect and pH environment, the linear range of MG detection spans from 10 -10 to 10 -6 mol/L with the limit of detection (LOD) of 4×10 -10 mol/L. The enhancement factor can reach 1.2×10 6. After extracted with acetonitrile and dichloromethane, MG in the spiked tilapia was detected with satisfied recovery. The results indicate that the Au nano-hemisphere array can be expected to greatly facilitate SERS practical applications in detecting harmful food additives and chemicals due to the advantages of chemical inertness, physical robustness, simple fabrication, controllable, large-area uniformity, and large-batch production.","PeriodicalId":12427,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Safety","volume":"35 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41304042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhao Han, Bin Li, Qiu Wang, Zhaoxia Sun, Yande Liu
Skin defects are one of the primary problems that occur in post-harvest grading and processing of loquats. The loquats with skin defects will lead to the loquat being easily destroyed during transportation and storage, which will cause the risk of other loquats being infected, affecting the selling price of loquat. In this paper, a method combining band radio image with improved three-phase level set segmentation algorithm (ITPLSSM) is proposed to achieve high accuracy, rapid, and non-destructive detection of skin defects of loquats. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to find the characteristic wavelength and PC images to distinguish between four types of skin defects. Determine the best band ratio image based on characteristic wavelength. The band ratio image (Q782/944) based on PC2 image is the best segmented image. Based on Pseudo-color image enhancement, morphological processing, and local clustering criteria, the band ratio image (Q782/944) has better contrast between defective area and normal area in loquat. Finally, the ITPLSSM was used to segment the processing band ratio image (Q782/944), with the accuracy is 95.28 %. The proposed ITPLSSM method is effective in distinguishing with four types of skin defects. Meanwhile, it also effectively segments the images with intensity inhomogeneities.
{"title":"Detection of skin defects on loquat using the hyperspectral imaging combining both band radio and improved three-phase level set segmentation method","authors":"Zhao Han, Bin Li, Qiu Wang, Zhaoxia Sun, Yande Liu","doi":"10.1093/fqsafe/fyac065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyac065","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Skin defects are one of the primary problems that occur in post-harvest grading and processing of loquats. The loquats with skin defects will lead to the loquat being easily destroyed during transportation and storage, which will cause the risk of other loquats being infected, affecting the selling price of loquat.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In this paper, a method combining band radio image with improved three-phase level set segmentation algorithm (ITPLSSM) is proposed to achieve high accuracy, rapid, and non-destructive detection of skin defects of loquats. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to find the characteristic wavelength and PC images to distinguish between four types of skin defects. Determine the best band ratio image based on characteristic wavelength.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The band ratio image (Q782/944) based on PC2 image is the best segmented image. Based on Pseudo-color image enhancement, morphological processing, and local clustering criteria, the band ratio image (Q782/944) has better contrast between defective area and normal area in loquat. Finally, the ITPLSSM was used to segment the processing band ratio image (Q782/944), with the accuracy is 95.28 %.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The proposed ITPLSSM method is effective in distinguishing with four types of skin defects. Meanwhile, it also effectively segments the images with intensity inhomogeneities.\u0000","PeriodicalId":12427,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44966554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melatonin (MT) is a low molecular weight compound with a wide variety of biological functions in plants. It is known to delay senescence in various fruits and vegetables. This study demonstrates that MT (100 μmol L -1) delayed the senescence of pak choi stored at 20 °C. A total of 1121 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in a MT-treated group in comparison to untreated pak choi. Analysis of DEGs revealed that MT-induced delay in senescence involved reduction in expression of chlorophyll metabolism genes and regulation of expression of hormone-related genes and leaf senescence-related transcription factors. MT decreased the activity of chlorophyll metabolism-related enzymes Mg-dechelatase, pheophytinase, and pheide a oxygenase, decreased the concentrations of abscisic acid and jasmonic acid, and increased auxin concentration. MT delayed the impact of senescence-related transcription factors BcNAC41 and BcNAC87 on tobacco leaf senescence. This study provides an insight into the molecular mechanisms of MT-induced delay of postharvest senescence in pak choi and confirms its potential as a preservation technique.
{"title":"Integrative analysis of transcriptome reveals the possible mechanism of delayed leaf senescence in pak choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) following melatonin treatment","authors":"Xuesong Liu, Yuntong Li, Jun-gang Zhu, Pengxia Li","doi":"10.1093/fqsafe/fyac064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyac064","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Melatonin (MT) is a low molecular weight compound with a wide variety of biological functions in plants. It is known to delay senescence in various fruits and vegetables. This study demonstrates that MT (100 μmol L -1) delayed the senescence of pak choi stored at 20 °C. A total of 1121 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in a MT-treated group in comparison to untreated pak choi. Analysis of DEGs revealed that MT-induced delay in senescence involved reduction in expression of chlorophyll metabolism genes and regulation of expression of hormone-related genes and leaf senescence-related transcription factors. MT decreased the activity of chlorophyll metabolism-related enzymes Mg-dechelatase, pheophytinase, and pheide a oxygenase, decreased the concentrations of abscisic acid and jasmonic acid, and increased auxin concentration. MT delayed the impact of senescence-related transcription factors BcNAC41 and BcNAC87 on tobacco leaf senescence. This study provides an insight into the molecular mechanisms of MT-induced delay of postharvest senescence in pak choi and confirms its potential as a preservation technique.","PeriodicalId":12427,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46414095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, integrative metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses were conducted to investigate the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on apple fruit quality during long-term cold storage. The results showed that 1-MCP (1 μL·L -1) treatment could maintain fruits’ apparent quality (i.e., external color and firmness), inhibit the increase of rot rate and soluble solids content/titratable acidity ratio, decrease ethylene release and respiratory intensity during cold storage, and extend shelf life. Moreover, 1-MCP had long-term effects on the accumulation of many qualities related to metabolites and genes expression in fruits. 1-MCP affected genes related to metabolism at the early stage of storage, specifically those of the glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways. Genes related to the degradation of sucrose, starch, and cellulose were inhibited, and some starch and cellulose synthesis genes were up-regulated by 1-MCP. Apart from ethylene synthesis and signal transduction being inhibited by 1-MCP, there were several enzymes (pectinesterase, pectate lyase, polygalacturonase) involved in pectin degradation, and degradation products of the cell wall (i.e., D-galacturonic acid and D-glucuronic acid) were also strongly inhibited, further maintaining fruit firmness. Cysteine, as precursor glutathione (GSH) related to plant resistance, the synthase gene was up-regulated. However, the expression of genes related to cyanoalanine synthase and amino acid utilization pathways were suppressed by 1-MCP. Collectively, 1-MCP could maintain the postharvest quality of apple fruits.
{"title":"Integrative metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses reveal pivotal regulatory mechanisms of 1-methylcyclopropene in maintaining postharvest storage quality of ‘Fuji’ apples","authors":"Lingling Zhang, Peiyu Zhang, Modi Gao, Yi Zhao, Chunjiao Zhang, Hongliang Zhu","doi":"10.1093/fqsafe/fyac063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyac063","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this study, integrative metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses were conducted to investigate the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on apple fruit quality during long-term cold storage. The results showed that 1-MCP (1 μL·L -1) treatment could maintain fruits’ apparent quality (i.e., external color and firmness), inhibit the increase of rot rate and soluble solids content/titratable acidity ratio, decrease ethylene release and respiratory intensity during cold storage, and extend shelf life. Moreover, 1-MCP had long-term effects on the accumulation of many qualities related to metabolites and genes expression in fruits. 1-MCP affected genes related to metabolism at the early stage of storage, specifically those of the glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways. Genes related to the degradation of sucrose, starch, and cellulose were inhibited, and some starch and cellulose synthesis genes were up-regulated by 1-MCP. Apart from ethylene synthesis and signal transduction being inhibited by 1-MCP, there were several enzymes (pectinesterase, pectate lyase, polygalacturonase) involved in pectin degradation, and degradation products of the cell wall (i.e., D-galacturonic acid and D-glucuronic acid) were also strongly inhibited, further maintaining fruit firmness. Cysteine, as precursor glutathione (GSH) related to plant resistance, the synthase gene was up-regulated. However, the expression of genes related to cyanoalanine synthase and amino acid utilization pathways were suppressed by 1-MCP. Collectively, 1-MCP could maintain the postharvest quality of apple fruits.","PeriodicalId":12427,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48829176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salmonella enterica serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- (S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-) has been recognized as an emerging foodborne pathogen in recent years. It can cause human salmonellosis predominated by the contamination of animal-derived foods such as raw poultry and pork. This study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity, plasmid replicon types, and antibiotic resistance of 15 S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- environmental isolates collected from two poultry farms using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), polymerase chain reaction-based replicon typing, and minimum inhibitory concentration approach. Ten different PFGE genotypes were detected, indicating a high diversity among these S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- isolates. Three sequence types (ST19, ST1544, ST34) were identified by MLST. Among them, ST1544 was first detected in S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- environmental isolates from poultry farms. All isolates were resistant to cefazolin, cefotetan, tobramycin, amikacin, and gentamicin, but susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam, aztreonam, ceftazidime, cefepime, and ertapenem. Five incompatibility groups (Inc) of plasmids were identified, including IncFIIs (66.7%), IncHI2 (20%), IncI1 (6.7%), IncN (6.7%), and IncQ (6.7%). Among these, 80% of isolates carried at least one plasmid replicon type, and 20% of isolates carried multiple plasmid replicon types. Interestingly, the multidrug-resistant isolate 263 carried numerous resistance genes (i.e., qnrS, aac(6’)-Ib-cr, blaTEM, blaCTX-M-9, blaOXA-1, sul1, sul2, sul3, floR, and mcr-1) and class I integronase gene intI1, which possessed both IncHI2 and IncQ plasmids, suggesting that resistance genes may be horizontally transferred by the combination of IncHI2 and IncQ plasmids. Collectively, antibiotic-resistant S.1,4,[5],12:i:- isolates were first found in poultry farm environments in China, and its surveillance should be strengthened to prevent its further spread from poultry farms to foods.
{"title":"Molecular characterization and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella enterica serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- environmental isolates from poultry farms","authors":"Xiaojie Qin, Linlin Xiao, Jiaming Li, Mingzhe Yang, Changying Yang, Qingli Dong","doi":"10.1093/fqsafe/fyac062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyac062","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Salmonella enterica serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- (S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-) has been recognized as an emerging foodborne pathogen in recent years. It can cause human salmonellosis predominated by the contamination of animal-derived foods such as raw poultry and pork. This study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity, plasmid replicon types, and antibiotic resistance of 15 S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- environmental isolates collected from two poultry farms using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), polymerase chain reaction-based replicon typing, and minimum inhibitory concentration approach. Ten different PFGE genotypes were detected, indicating a high diversity among these S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- isolates. Three sequence types (ST19, ST1544, ST34) were identified by MLST. Among them, ST1544 was first detected in S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- environmental isolates from poultry farms. All isolates were resistant to cefazolin, cefotetan, tobramycin, amikacin, and gentamicin, but susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam, aztreonam, ceftazidime, cefepime, and ertapenem. Five incompatibility groups (Inc) of plasmids were identified, including IncFIIs (66.7%), IncHI2 (20%), IncI1 (6.7%), IncN (6.7%), and IncQ (6.7%). Among these, 80% of isolates carried at least one plasmid replicon type, and 20% of isolates carried multiple plasmid replicon types. Interestingly, the multidrug-resistant isolate 263 carried numerous resistance genes (i.e., qnrS, aac(6’)-Ib-cr, blaTEM, blaCTX-M-9, blaOXA-1, sul1, sul2, sul3, floR, and mcr-1) and class I integronase gene intI1, which possessed both IncHI2 and IncQ plasmids, suggesting that resistance genes may be horizontally transferred by the combination of IncHI2 and IncQ plasmids. Collectively, antibiotic-resistant S.1,4,[5],12:i:- isolates were first found in poultry farm environments in China, and its surveillance should be strengthened to prevent its further spread from poultry farms to foods.","PeriodicalId":12427,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42532477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many current studies on rapid detections of pathogenic bacteria in foods focused on the construction of detection methods, neglecting pre-treatment. In fact, it is also a key step to efficiently elute pathogenic bacteria from food samples for rapid detections, and even, it can determine the success or failure of an assay. In this study, we used Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes as model bacteria to compare elution efficiency of different eluants, explore the effect of surfactant, ionic strength, protein (or amino acid and peptide), and enzyme on the recovery rate of bacteria in lettuces, and compare the compound effect caused by multiple of factors. Finally, we developed an efficient bacterial recovery method and confirmed the superiority of this method to analyze the bacterial diversity of the eluants from lettuces. The results showed that the recovery efficiency of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes, which were artificially contaminated with approximately 10 5 CFU/g in lettuces, could reach 94.4%, 90.6% and 93.7% by using 10 mM Tris·HCl (pH 9.5) with 0.1% peptone and 300 U/100 mL of cellulase, and furthermore, the elution efficiency could reach 99.6%, 98.6% and 100% under the aid of a 2 min stomaching. For the lettuce samples only with native bacteria, the recovery rate reached 92.1% for viable aerobic bacteria by this method, being approximately 10% higher than the modified previous method. The bacterial diversity of the eluted solution was analyzed, and the result was significantly improved. Considering these advantages, it is important to improve the elution efficiency to achieve rapid and accurate detection of pathogenic bacteria in lettuces.
目前对食品中病原菌快速检测的研究大多集中在检测方法的构建上，而忽视了前处理。事实上，它也是有效地从食品样品中洗脱致病菌以进行快速检测的关键步骤，甚至可以决定测定的成败。本研究以大肠杆菌、肠炎沙门氏菌和单核增生李斯特菌为模型菌，比较不同洗脱液的洗脱效率，探讨表面活性剂、离子强度、蛋白质(或氨基酸、多肽)、酶对生菜中细菌回收率的影响，比较多种因素的复合效应。最后，我们开发了一种高效的细菌回收方法，并证实了该方法在分析生菜洗脱液细菌多样性方面的优越性。结果表明:采用10 mM Tris·HCl (pH 9.5)、0.1%蛋白胨和300 U/100 mL纤维素酶，对生菜中约10.5 CFU/g人工污染的大肠杆菌、肠炎沙门氏菌和单核增生李斯特菌的回收率分别为94.4%、90.6%和93.7%，在灌胃2 min的条件下，其洗脱效率分别为99.6%、98.6%和100%。对于仅含原生菌的生菜样品，该方法的好氧活菌回收率达到92.1%，比改进前的方法提高了约10%。对洗脱液进行细菌多样性分析，结果有明显改善。考虑到这些优点，提高洗脱效率对实现生菜病原菌的快速准确检测具有重要意义。
{"title":"A high efficiency pre-treatment method for elution of pathogenic bacteria in lettuces","authors":"Xiaoyan Liao, Chunmin Pu, Yan Cui, Yalong Bai, Xianming Shi, Lili Chen","doi":"10.1093/fqsafe/fyac060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyac060","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Many current studies on rapid detections of pathogenic bacteria in foods focused on the construction of detection methods, neglecting pre-treatment. In fact, it is also a key step to efficiently elute pathogenic bacteria from food samples for rapid detections, and even, it can determine the success or failure of an assay. In this study, we used Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes as model bacteria to compare elution efficiency of different eluants, explore the effect of surfactant, ionic strength, protein (or amino acid and peptide), and enzyme on the recovery rate of bacteria in lettuces, and compare the compound effect caused by multiple of factors. Finally, we developed an efficient bacterial recovery method and confirmed the superiority of this method to analyze the bacterial diversity of the eluants from lettuces. The results showed that the recovery efficiency of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes, which were artificially contaminated with approximately 10 5 CFU/g in lettuces, could reach 94.4%, 90.6% and 93.7% by using 10 mM Tris·HCl (pH 9.5) with 0.1% peptone and 300 U/100 mL of cellulase, and furthermore, the elution efficiency could reach 99.6%, 98.6% and 100% under the aid of a 2 min stomaching. For the lettuce samples only with native bacteria, the recovery rate reached 92.1% for viable aerobic bacteria by this method, being approximately 10% higher than the modified previous method. The bacterial diversity of the eluted solution was analyzed, and the result was significantly improved. Considering these advantages, it is important to improve the elution efficiency to achieve rapid and accurate detection of pathogenic bacteria in lettuces.","PeriodicalId":12427,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Safety","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43184645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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