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Study on mining wind information for identifying potential offshore wind farms using deep learning 利用深度学习挖掘风能信息以识别潜在海上风电场的研究
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1419549
Jiahui Zhang, Tao Zhang, Yixuan Li, Xiang Bai, Longwen Chang
The global energy demand is increasing due to climate changes and carbon usages. Accumulating evidences showed energy sources using offshore wind from the sea can be added to increase our consumption capacity in long term. In addition, building offshore wind farms can also be environmentally advantageous compared to onshore farms. The assessment of wind energy resources is crucial for the site selection of wind farms. Currently, short-term wind forecast models have been developed to predict the wind power generation. However, methods are needed to improve the forecasting accuracy for ever-changing weather data. So, we try to use deep learning methods to predict long-term wind energy for identifying potential offshore wind farms. The experimental results indicate that PredRNN++ prediction model designed from the spatiotemporal perspective is feasible to evaluate long-term wind energy resources and has better performance than traditional LSTM.
由于气候变化和碳的使用,全球能源需求不断增加。越来越多的证据表明,从长远来看,利用海上近海风能可以增加我们的能源消耗能力。此外,与陆上风电场相比,建设海上风电场在环保方面也具有优势。风能资源评估对于风电场的选址至关重要。目前,已开发出短期风力预测模型来预测风力发电量。然而,还需要一些方法来提高对不断变化的天气数据的预测精度。因此,我们尝试使用深度学习方法预测长期风能,以确定潜在的海上风电场。实验结果表明,从时空角度设计的 PredRNN++ 预测模型在评估长期风能资源方面是可行的,其性能优于传统的 LSTM。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the effectiveness of energy sustainability measures through the dynamic energy consumption model 通过动态能源消耗模型评估能源可持续性措施的有效性
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1383314
Costinela Fortea, Dragos Sebastian Cristea, Monica Laura Zlati, Valentin Marian Antohi, Mihaela Neculita, Nicoleta Cristache, Ioana Lazarescu
The current context of economic development requires paying close attention to the energy industry. Since 2022, European countries has been facing specific problems due to energy crises against the background of the geopolitical conflict and the measures provided by European forums in order to reduce dependence on energy imports from Russia. In this context, we aim to define a new model of energy consumption and the function of energy sustainability at the European level, aspects that will lead to highlighting the position of the 27 European member states in the period 2005–2022 in terms of their energy sustainability. The methodology used is based on the study of literature, the consolidation of databases, econometric modelling, and procedures for testing the validity of modelling results. The results of the study are useful to European energy policy decision-makers in view of the necessary adjustments to achieve the objectives of the 2030 and 2050 Agenda.
当前的经济发展需要密切关注能源产业。自 2022 年以来,在地缘政治冲突和欧洲论坛为减少对从俄罗斯进口能源的依赖而采取的措施的背景下,欧洲国家一直面临着能源危机带来的具体问题。在此背景下,我们的目标是在欧洲范围内确定一种新的能源消耗模式和能源可持续性功能,从而突出 2005-2022 年期间 27 个欧洲成员国在能源可持续性方面的地位。所采用的方法以文献研究、数据库整合、计量经济学建模和建模结果有效性测试程序为基础。研究结果有助于欧洲能源政策决策者进行必要的调整,以实现 2030 年和 2050 年议程的目标。
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引用次数: 0
Power plant units for CO2 neutral energy security in Switzerland 瑞士二氧化碳中和能源安全电厂机组
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1336016
Andreas Züttel, Christoph Nützenadel, Louis Schlapbach, Paul W. Gilgen
Graphical AbstractFuture supply of Switzerland with renewable energy. Assuming the volume of the hydroelectric storage lakes is doubled, the roof area is covered with photovoltaics, and eight power plant units are able to produce 1 GW on demand and are fueled with hydrogen or bio-oil. The reserves are the existing oil tanks, and the bio-oil is also used for aviation. Bio-oil can be produced in abundant places, e.g., Australia or Africa, where palm oil plantations are installed.
图表摘要瑞士未来的可再生能源供应。假设水电储藏湖的容积增加一倍,屋顶面积被光伏覆盖,8 个发电厂能够按需生产 1 千兆瓦的电力,并以氢气或生物油为燃料。储油罐就是现有的油罐,生物油也可用于航空。生物油可以在资源丰富的地方生产,例如澳大利亚或非洲的棕榈油种植园。
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引用次数: 0
Voltage response characterization of grid-forming wind power systems 并网风力发电系统的电压响应特性分析
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1429295
Qun Li, Qiang Li, Weijia Tang, Chenggen Wang
The widespread integration of wind turbines poses voltage stability challenges to power systems. To enhance the ability of wind power systems to actively support grid voltage, grid-forming control techniques are increasingly being employed. However, current research primarily focuses on voltage stability challenges at the point of common coupling in wind power systems, lacking thorough investigation into system voltage response characterization. This paper establishes the voltage response model of a grid-forming wind power system. Based on this model, mathematical derivation and theoretical analysis are conducted, and the effect factors of the voltage at the point of common coupling are investigated. Furthermore, a voltage stabilization method is explored by adjusting the above effect factors. Finally, based on the MATLAB/Simulink platform, the simulation verification of each effect factor is carried out. The results indicate that voltage response characterization obtained by the theoretical analysis and simulation is similar and that the proposed method is valid.
风力涡轮机的广泛集成给电力系统的电压稳定性带来了挑战。为了提高风力发电系统主动支持电网电压的能力,电网形成控制技术被越来越多地采用。然而,目前的研究主要集中在风力发电系统共同耦合点的电压稳定性挑战上,缺乏对系统电压响应特性的深入研究。本文建立了成网风力发电系统的电压响应模型。在此模型的基础上,进行了数学推导和理论分析,并研究了共同耦合点电压的影响因素。此外,还探讨了通过调整上述影响因素来稳定电压的方法。最后,基于 MATLAB/Simulink 平台,对各影响因子进行了仿真验证。结果表明,理论分析和仿真得到的电压响应特性是相似的,所提出的方法是有效的。
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引用次数: 0
Small-disturbance stability analysis and control-parameter optimization of grid-connected virtual synchronous generator 并网虚拟同步发电机的小扰动稳定性分析和控制参数优化
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1428748
Xianshan Sun, Jinming Cai, Dongsheng Wang, Jinwei Lin, Kai Li
The virtual synchronous generator (VSG) has been widely used to improve the system inertia and damping in the renewable energy generation system. However, the in-depth understanding of VSG’s stability under disturbances on different control parameters is lacked. In order to solve the problem, the small-signal model of single-VSG is established at first. The influences of key control parameters on the stability of system are analyzed by using the eigenvalue analysis method in detail. On this basis, a novel optimization strategy for control parameters is proposed based on the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The control parameters are optimized to realize excellent damping and stability of VSG system. Finally, the simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of stability analysis and parameter optimization strategy.
虚拟同步发电机(VSG)已被广泛用于改善可再生能源发电系统的系统惯性和阻尼。然而,人们对 VSG 在不同控制参数扰动下的稳定性缺乏深入了解。为了解决这一问题,首先建立了单 VSG 的小信号模型。利用特征值分析方法详细分析了关键控制参数对系统稳定性的影响。在此基础上,提出了基于粒子群优化(PSO)算法的新型控制参数优化策略。通过优化控制参数,实现了 VSG 系统出色的阻尼和稳定性。最后,仿真和实验结果验证了稳定性分析和参数优化策略的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Parameter extraction of photovoltaic cell models using electric eel foraging optimizer 利用电鳗觅食优化器提取光伏电池模型参数
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1407125
Davut Izci, Serdar Ekinci, Laith Abualigah, Mohammad Salman, Mostafa Rashdan
Solar energy has emerged as a key solution in the global transition to renewable energy sources, driven by environmental concerns and climate change. This is largely due to its cleanliness, availability, and cost-effectiveness. The precise assessment of hidden factors within photovoltaic (PV) models is critical for effectively exploiting the potential of these systems. This study employs a novel approach to parameter estimation, utilizing the electric eel foraging optimizer (EEFO), recently documented in the literature, to address such engineering issues. The EEFO emerges as a competitive metaheuristic methodology that plays a crucial role in enabling precise parameter extraction. In order to maintain scientific integrity and fairness, the study utilizes the RTC France solar cell as a benchmark case. We incorporate the EEFO approach, together with Newton-Raphson method, into the parameter tuning process for three PV models: single-diode, double-diode, and three-diode models, using a common experimental framework. We selected the RTC France solar cell for the single-diode, double-diode, and three-diode models because of its significant role in the field. It serves as a reliable evaluation platform for the EEFO approach. We conduct a thorough evaluation using statistical, convergence, and elapsed time studies, demonstrating that EEFO consistently achieves low RMSE values. This indicates that EEFO is capable of accurately estimating the current-voltage characteristics. The system’s smooth convergence behavior further reinforces its efficacy. Comparing the EEFO with competing methodologies reinforces its competitive advantage in optimizing solar PV model parameters, showcasing its potential to greatly enhance the usage of solar energy.
在环境问题和气候变化的推动下,太阳能已成为全球向可再生能源过渡的关键解决方案。这主要归功于太阳能的清洁性、可用性和成本效益。精确评估光伏(PV)模型中的隐藏因素对于有效利用这些系统的潜力至关重要。本研究采用了一种新颖的参数估计方法,利用最近文献记载的电鳗觅食优化器(EEFO)来解决此类工程问题。EEFO 是一种具有竞争力的元启发式方法,在实现精确参数提取方面发挥着至关重要的作用。为了保持科学的完整性和公平性,本研究采用法国 RTC 太阳能电池作为基准案例。我们将 EEFO 方法与牛顿-拉夫逊方法结合起来,使用一个共同的实验框架,对三种光伏模型(单二极管、双二极管和三二极管模型)进行参数调整。我们选择 RTC France 太阳能电池作为单二极管、双二极管和三二极管模型,因为它在该领域发挥着重要作用。它是 EEFO 方法的可靠评估平台。我们利用统计、收敛和耗时研究进行了全面评估,结果表明 EEFO 始终能达到较低的 RMSE 值。这表明 EEFO 能够准确估计电流电压特性。系统平稳的收敛行为进一步增强了其功效。将 EEFO 与其他竞争方法进行比较,可增强其在优化太阳能光伏模型参数方面的竞争优势,从而展示其在大幅提高太阳能利用率方面的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Research on the performance of pump-turbine during the transition process from pump mode to turbine mode 从泵模式到涡轮模式过渡过程中泵-涡轮机性能研究
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1421865
Zhe Man, Zhe Xu, Zhonghua Gui, Wenfu Han, Yifeng Zhao, Fei Zhang, Lianchen Xu, Yuan Zheng, Kan Kan
In current engineering, the transition process of pump turbines from pump to turbine mode mainly includes the shutdown process of pump operating and the startup process of turbine operating, and the switching of working conditions mostly depends on the opening and closing of the ball valve. While, this article focuses on the transitional process of pump turbine from pump to turbine condition without relying on ball valve, which will significantly reduce the response time of the unit and enable quick switching of operating conditions in emergency situations. In this study, the torque balance equation is employed to analyze the transition process of the entire flow system from pump to turbine operation. Additionally, the entropy production theory is utilized to investigate the correlation between pressure, flow state, and energy loss in the pump-turbine, shedding light on the changes in external characteristics through the evolution of internal characteristics. Furthermore, the transition process from pump mode to turbine mode is segmented into five stages based on the variations in the guide vanes (GV). The findings reveal that the rotation of GV triggers sharp fluctuations in static pressure, torque, and axial force. During stage four, the initiation of all three GV positions results in an increase in flow rate and torque, accompanied by a decrease in axial force. In stage two, the closure of GV leads to a decrease in pressure within the spiral casing (SC) and stay vanes (SV) domains, coupled with an increase in pressure in the bladeless zone, runner, and draft tube domains. Simultaneously, the pressure difference between both sides of the runner decreases significantly, directly causing a drop in torque and axial force. In stage three, GV closure interrupts the flow in the pump-turbine, resulting in significant backflow in the SC, SV, and runner domains, alongside high-speed circulation in the bladeless area. Moreover, the location of the high entropy production rate (EPR) value within the unit aligns with the reflux zone, indicating considerable energy loss attributable to reflux. The above research results will provide reference for the rapid switching of operating conditions of pump turbines in emergency situations.
在目前的工程中,水泵水轮机从泵工况到水轮机工况的过渡过程主要包括水泵运行的停机过程和水轮机运行的启动过程,而工况的切换大多依赖于球阀的启闭。而本文主要研究水泵水轮机从水泵工况到水轮机工况的过渡过程,不依赖球阀,这将大大缩短机组的响应时间,并能在紧急情况下快速切换工况。本研究采用扭矩平衡方程来分析整个水流系统从泵运行到水轮机运行的过渡过程。此外,还利用熵产生理论来研究泵-涡轮机中压力、流动状态和能量损失之间的相关性,通过内部特性的演变来揭示外部特性的变化。此外,根据导叶(GV)的变化,将从泵模式到涡轮模式的过渡过程划分为五个阶段。研究结果表明,GV 的旋转会引发静压、扭矩和轴向力的剧烈波动。在第四阶段,三个 GV 位置的启动都会导致流速和扭矩增加,同时轴向力减小。在第二阶段,GV 的关闭导致蜗壳 (SC) 和停留叶片 (SV) 域内的压力降低,同时无叶片区、流道和牵伸管域内的压力升高。同时,流道两侧的压力差显著减小,直接导致扭矩和轴向力下降。在第三阶段,GV 关闭中断了泵涡轮中的流动,导致 SC、SV 和流道域中出现大量回流,同时无叶片区域中出现高速循环。此外,装置内高熵产率(EPR)值的位置与回流区一致,表明回流造成了相当大的能量损失。上述研究成果将为紧急情况下快速切换水泵水轮机的运行条件提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
Power quality improvement of unipolar-input-bipolar-output DC transmission system via load power balancing 通过负载功率平衡改善单极-输入-双极-输出直流输电系统的电能质量
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1416785
Zhuan Zhao, Haoran Li, Fei Sun, Shuhuai Shi, Di Wang, Jingxian Zhang, Chaoyang Wu
In DC transmission and distribution systems, both unipolar and bipolar transmission modes exist, and DC transformers used in these systems are also available in either unipolar or bipolar configurations. In actual systems, due to requirements such as economy, land occupation, and reliability, there is a tendency to use a system with unipolar input and bipolar output. However, the bipolar loads, if unbalanced, will lead to increased equipment costs and voltage imbalance, causing power quality problems. This paper defines the Power Unbalance Factor (PUF) to describe the power quality of the studied DC transmission system and presents an improved DC transformer topology based on a power balancing system. This topology realizes bipolar voltage balance and improves the power quality of the DC transmission system when the load is unbalanced. The influence of the proposed solution on the power design of the DC system is demonstrated through theoretical analysis, and its effectiveness for improving the DC power quality is verified by both simulations in MATLAB/Simulink environment and physical experiments. When the power electronic transformer needs to be overloaded, the proposed topology can reduce the design power of the two branches by using the difference power, which is economical.
在直流输配电系统中,存在单极和双极两种传输模式,这些系统中使用的直流变压器也有单极或双极两种配置。在实际系统中,由于经济性、占地面积和可靠性等要求,人们倾向于使用单极输入、双极输出的系统。然而,双极负载如果不平衡,将导致设备成本增加和电压不平衡,造成电能质量问题。本文定义了功率不平衡系数(PUF)来描述所研究的直流输电系统的电能质量,并提出了一种基于功率平衡系统的改进型直流变压器拓扑结构。该拓扑结构实现了双极性电压平衡,改善了负载不平衡时直流输电系统的电能质量。通过理论分析论证了所提方案对直流系统功率设计的影响,并通过 MATLAB/Simulink 环境模拟和物理实验验证了其改善直流电能质量的有效性。当电力电子变压器需要过载时,所提出的拓扑结构可以通过使用差分功率来降低两个支路的设计功率,具有一定的经济性。
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引用次数: 0
Improving cyber-physical-power system stability through hardware-in-loop co-simulation platform for real-time cyber attack analysis 通过用于实时网络攻击分析的硬件在环协同仿真平台提高网络-物理-电力系统的稳定性
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1402566
Xiaoke Wang, Yan Ji, Zhongwang Sun, Chong Liu, Zhichun Jing
With advancements in communication systems and measurement technologies, smart grids have become more observable and controllable, evolving into cyber-physical-power systems (CPPS). The impact of network security and secondary equipment on power system stability has become more evident. To support the existing grid toward a smart grid scenario, smart metering plays a vital role at the customer end side. Cyber-Physical systems are vulnerable to cyber-attacks and various techniques have been evolved to detect a cyber attack in the smart grid. Weighted trust-based models are suggested as one of the most effective security mechanisms. A hardware-in-loop CPPS co-simulation platform is established to facilitate the theoretical study of CPPS and the formulation of grid operation strategies. This paper examines current co-simulation platform schemes and highlights the necessity for a real-time hard-ware-in-the-loop platform to accurately simulate cyber-attack processes. This consideration takes into account the fundamental differences in modeling between power and communication systems. The architecture of the co-simulation platform based on RT-LAB and OPNET is described, including detailed modeling of the power system, communication system, and security and stability control devices. Additionally, an analysis of the latency of the co-simulation is provided. The paper focuses on modeling and implementing methods for addressing DDOS attacks and man-in-the-middle at-tacks in the communication network. The results from simulating a 7-bus system show the effectiveness and rationality of the co-simulation platform that has been designed.
随着通信系统和测量技术的进步,智能电网的可观测性和可控性越来越强,并逐渐发展成为网络物理电力系统(CPPS)。网络安全和二次设备对电力系统稳定性的影响日益明显。为支持现有电网实现智能电网,智能计量在用户端发挥着至关重要的作用。网络-物理系统很容易受到网络攻击,目前已发展出各种技术来检测智能电网中的网络攻击。基于信任的加权模型被认为是最有效的安全机制之一。本文建立了一个硬件在环 CPPS 协同仿真平台,以促进 CPPS 的理论研究和电网运行策略的制定。本文研究了当前的协同仿真平台方案,强调了实时硬软件在环平台对准确模拟网络攻击过程的必要性。这种考虑考虑到了电力系统和通信系统在建模方面的根本差异。文中介绍了基于 RT-LAB 和 OPNET 的协同仿真平台架构,包括电力系统、通信系统以及安全和稳定控制设备的详细建模。此外,还对协同仿真的延迟进行了分析。论文重点介绍了应对通信网络中 DDOS 攻击和中间人攻击的建模和实施方法。模拟 7 总线系统的结果表明了所设计的协同模拟平台的有效性和合理性。
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引用次数: 0
Text classification for distribution substation inspection based on BERT-TextRCNN model 基于 BERT-TextRCNN 模型的配电变电站检测文本分类
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1411654
Lu Jiangang, Zhao Ruifeng, Yu Zhiwen, Dai Yue, Shu Jiawei, Yang Ting
With the advancement of source-load interaction in the new power systems, data-driven approaches have provided a foundational support for aggregating and interacting between sources and loads. However, with the widespread integration of distributed energy resources, fine-grained perception of intelligent sensing devices, and the inherent stochasticity of source-load dynamics, a massive amount of raw data is being recorded and accumulated in the data center. Valuable information is often dispersed across different paragraphs of the raw data, making it challenging to extract effectively. Distribution substation inspection plays a crucial role in ensuring the safe operation of the power system. Traditional methods for inspection report text classification typically rely on manual judgment and accumulated experience, resulting in low efficiency and a significant misjudgment rate. Therefore, this paper proposes a text classification method for inspection reports based on the pre-trained BERT-TextRCNN model. By utilizing the dense connection between the BERT embedding layer and the neural network, the proposed method improves the accuracy of matching long texts. This article collected 2,831 maintenance data for the first quarter of 2023 from the distribution room, including approximately 58 environmental testing data, 738 environmental box testing data, approximately 672 distribution room testing data, and approximately 1,363 box type substation testing data. A text corpus was constructed for experiments. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model automatically classifies a large volume of manually recorded inspection report data based on time, location, and faults, achieving a classification accuracy of 94.7%, precision of 92%, recall of 92%, and F1 score of 90.3%.
随着新电力系统中源与负载互动的发展,数据驱动方法为源与负载之间的聚合和互动提供了基础支持。然而,随着分布式能源资源的广泛集成、智能传感设备的细粒度感知以及源-负载动态的内在随机性,大量原始数据被记录并积累到数据中心。有价值的信息往往分散在原始数据的不同段落中,因此要有效提取这些信息非常困难。配电变电站检测在确保电力系统的安全运行方面发挥着至关重要的作用。传统的巡检报告文本分类方法通常依赖人工判断和经验积累,效率低且误判率高。因此,本文提出了一种基于预训练 BERT-TextRCNN 模型的检验报告文本分类方法。通过利用 BERT 嵌入层与神经网络之间的密集连接,本文提出的方法提高了长文本匹配的准确性。本文收集了配电室 2023 年第一季度的 2831 条维护数据,包括约 58 条环境检测数据、738 条环境箱式检测数据、约 672 条配电室检测数据和约 1363 条箱式变电站检测数据。为实验构建了文本语料库。实验结果表明,所提出的模型能根据时间、地点和故障对大量人工记录的检测报告数据进行自动分类,分类准确率达到 94.7%,精确率达到 92%,召回率达到 92%,F1 分数达到 90.3%。
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引用次数: 0
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