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Fast power flow calculation for distribution networks based on graph models and hierarchical forward-backward sweep parallel algorithm 基于图模型和分层前向后扫并行算法的配电网络快速功率流计算
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1465900
Xinrui Wang, Wengang Chen, Ruimin Tian, Yuze Ji, Jianfei Zhu
IntroductionIn response to the issues of complexity and low efficiency in line loss calculations for actual distribution networks, this paper proposes a fast power flow calculation method for distribution networks based on Neo4j graph models and a hierarchical forward-backward sweep parallel algorithm.MethodsFirstly, Neo4j is used to describe the distribution network structure as a simple graph model composed of nodes and edges. Secondly, a hierarchical forward-backward sweep method is adopted to perform power flow calculations on the graph model network. Finally, during the computation of distribution network subgraphs, the method is combined with the Bulk Synchronous Parallel (BSP) computing model to quickly complete the line loss analysis.Results and DiscussionResults from the IEEE 33-node test system demonstrate that the proposed method can calculate network losses quickly and accurately, with a computation time of only 0.175s, which is lower than the MySQL and Neo4j graph methods that do not consider hierarchical parallel computing.
引言针对实际配电网线损计算复杂、效率低等问题,本文提出了一种基于 Neo4j 图模型和分层前向后向扫频并行算法的配电网快速功率流计算方法。方法首先,使用 Neo4j 将配电网结构描述为由节点和边组成的简单图模型。其次,采用分层前后向扫频方法对图模型网络进行功率流计算。最后,在计算配电网络子图时,将该方法与批量同步并行(BSP)计算模型相结合,快速完成线损分析。结果与讨论IEEE 33 节点测试系统的结果表明,所提出的方法可以快速准确地计算网络损耗,计算时间仅为 0.175s,低于未考虑分层并行计算的 MySQL 和 Neo4j 图方法。
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引用次数: 0
Climate neutrality of the French energy system: overview and impacts of sustainable aviation fuel production 法国能源系统的气候中立性:可持续航空燃料生产的概况和影响
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1359641
Louis Merceron, Guillaume Boissonnet, François Maréchal
CO2 emission reduction of sectors such as aviation, maritime shipping, road haulage, and chemical production is challenging but necessary. Although these sectors will most likely continue to rely on carbonaceous energy carriers, they are expected to gradually shift away from fossil fuels. In order to do so, the prominent option is to utilize alternative carbon sources—like biomass and CO2 originating from carbon capture—for the production of non-fossil carbonaceous vectors (biofuels and e-fuels). However, the limited availability of biomass and the varying nature of other carbon sources necessitate a comprehensive evaluation of trade-offs between potential carbon uses and existing sources. Then, it is primordial to understand the origin of carbon used in sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) to understand the implications of defossilizing aviation for the energy system. Moreover, the production of SAF implies deep changes to the energy system that are quantified in this work. This study utilizes the linear programming cost optimization tool EnergyScope TD to analyze the holistic French energy system, encompassing transport, industry, electricity, and heat sectors while ensuring net greenhouse gas neutrality. A novel method to model and quantify carbon flows within the system is introduced, enabling a comprehensive assessment of greenhouse gas neutrality. This study highlights the significance of fulfilling clean energy requirements and implementing carbon dioxide removal measures as crucial steps toward achieving climate neutrality. Indeed, to reach climate neutrality, a production of 1,046 TWh of electricity by non-fossil sources is needed. Furthermore, the findings underscore the critical role of efficient carbon and energy valorization from biomass, providing evidence that producing fuels by combining biomass and hydrogen is optimal. The study also offers valuable insights into the future cost and impact of SAF production for air travel originating from France. That is, the European law ReFuelEU would increase the price of plane tickets by +33% and would require 126 TWh of hydrogen and 50 TWh of biomass to produce the necessary 91 TWh of jet fuel. Finally, the implications of the assumption behind the production of SAF are discussed.
航空、海运、公路运输和化工生产等行业的二氧化碳减排工作具有挑战性,但也是必要的。虽然这些部门很可能会继续依赖碳质能源载体,但预计它们将逐步摆脱化石燃料。为此,最主要的选择是利用替代碳源(如生物质和碳捕获产生的二氧化碳)来生产非化石碳质载体(生物燃料和电子燃料)。然而,生物质的有限可用性和其他碳源的不同性质要求对潜在碳用途和现有碳源之间的权衡进行全面评估。因此,首先要了解可持续航空燃料(SAF)中使用的碳的来源,以了解航空去化石化对能源系统的影响。此外,可持续航空燃料的生产意味着能源系统的深刻变化,本研究将对这些变化进行量化。本研究利用线性规划成本优化工具 EnergyScope TD 分析了法国的整体能源系统,包括运输、工业、电力和热力部门,同时确保温室气体的净中和。该研究引入了一种新方法来模拟和量化系统内的碳流,从而实现对温室气体中和的全面评估。这项研究强调,满足清洁能源要求和实施二氧化碳清除措施是实现气候中和的关键步骤,具有重要意义。事实上,要实现气候中和,需要利用非化石能源生产 1,046 太瓦时的电力。此外,研究结果还强调了高效生物质碳和能源价值化的关键作用,证明了通过生物质和氢结合生产燃料是最佳选择。这项研究还为未来从法国出发的航空旅行生产 SAF 的成本和影响提供了有价值的见解。也就是说,欧洲 ReFuelEU 法将使飞机票价格上涨 +33%,并需要 126 太瓦时的氢气和 50 太瓦时的生物质来生产所需的 91 太瓦时喷气燃料。最后,讨论了生产 SAF 的假设背后的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling the hydrodynamic wake of an offshore solar array in OpenFOAM 在 OpenFOAM 中模拟离岸太阳能电池阵列的水动力尾流
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1434356
Martin van der Eijk, Désirée Plenker, Erik Hendriks, Lynyrd de Wit
Offshore solar is seen as a promising technology for renewable energy generation. It can be particularly valuable when co-located within offshore wind farms, as these forms of energy generation are complementary. However, the environmental impact of offshore solar is not fully understood yet, and obtaining a better understanding of the possible impact is essential before this technology is applied at a large scale. An important aspect which is still unclear is how offshore solar affects the local hydrodynamics in the marine environment. This article describes the hydrodynamic wake generated by an offshore solar array, arising from the interaction between the array and a tidal current. A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling approach was used, which applies numerical large eddy simulations (LES) in OpenFOAM. The simulations are verified using the numerical model TUDFLOW3D. The study quantifies the wake dimensions and puts them in perspective with the array size, orientation, and tidal current magnitude. The investigation reveals that wake width depends on array size and array orientation. When the array is aligned with the current, wake width is relatively confined and does not depend on the array size. When the array is rotated, the wake width experiences exponential growth, becoming approximately 30% wider than the array width. Wake length is influenced by factors such as horizontal array dimensions and current magnitude. The gaps in between the floaters decrease this dependency. Similarly, the wake depth showed similar dependencies, except for the current magnitude, and only affected the upper meters of the water column. Beneath the array, flow shedding effects occur, affecting a larger part of the water column than the wake. Flow shedding depends on floater size, gaps, and orientation.
近海太阳能被视为一种前景广阔的可再生能源发电技术。如果与海上风力发电场同处一地,这种技术会特别有价值,因为这两种发电形式是互补的。然而,人们尚未完全了解离岸太阳能对环境的影响,在大规模应用这种技术之前,必须更好地了解可能产生的影响。目前仍不清楚的一个重要方面是,离岸太阳能如何影响海洋环境中的当地流体力学。本文描述了离岸太阳能电池阵列与潮流相互作用产生的水动力尾流。采用了计算流体动力学(CFD)建模方法,在 OpenFOAM 中进行了大涡流数值模拟(LES)。模拟结果通过数值模型 TUDFLOW3D 进行了验证。该研究量化了唤醒尺寸,并将其与阵列大小、方向和潮汐流幅度联系起来。研究表明,唤醒宽度取决于阵列尺寸和阵列方向。当阵列与潮流对齐时,唤醒宽度相对有限,与阵列尺寸无关。当阵列旋转时,唤醒宽度呈指数增长,比阵列宽度宽约 30%。唤醒长度受水平阵列尺寸和水流大小等因素的影响。浮子之间的间隙降低了这种依赖性。同样,除水流幅度外,尾流深度也表现出类似的依赖性,并且只影响水柱的上层。在阵列下方,会出现流脱效应,对水柱的影响比尾流更大。水流脱落取决于漂浮物的大小、间隙和方向。
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引用次数: 0
Distributed photovoltaic supportability consumption method considering energy storage configuration mode and random events 考虑储能配置模式和随机事件的分布式光伏发电可支持性消耗方法
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1415175
Yaoqin Cui, Guobin Yang, Yan Yue, Yibo Zhang, Tianlong Zhao, Xiaofei Chang
In order to improve the control capability of distributed photovoltaic support, a distributed photovoltaic support consumption method based on energy storage configuration mode and random events is proposed. A networked and constrained parameter analysis model for distributed photovoltaic power supply control was constructed. Based on the direct flexible mode of optical storage, an AC/DC voltage level control model for distributed solar power supply control was constructed. In the operation mode of DC hybrid distribution network, the demand response tracking identification method was used to analyze the uncertain characteristic parameters of distributed solar power supply load, and combined with the planned energy storage capacity parameters, the distributed solar power supply load and photovoltaic output were estimated. By configuring the optimal energy storage capacity, adjusting the power distribution of the microgrid, and integrating the analysis of uncertain factors and random events in the energy storage configuration mode, the design of distributed photovoltaic support consumption has been achieved. The experimental results show that the distributed photovoltaic absorption control using this method has lower load requirements, can effectively reduce the exchange power of the interconnection line, and improve the configuration scale, system reliability, and economy of the photovoltaic energy storage system.
为了提高分布式光伏电源的控制能力,提出了一种基于储能配置模式和随机事件的分布式光伏电源消耗方法。构建了分布式光伏电源控制的网络化约束参数分析模型。基于光储直接柔性模式,构建了分布式光伏电源控制的交直流电压等级控制模型。在直流混合配电网运行模式下,利用需求响应跟踪识别方法分析了分布式太阳能供电负荷的不确定性特征参数,并结合规划的储能容量参数,估算了分布式太阳能供电负荷和光伏输出功率。通过配置最优储能容量,调整微电网功率分布,并综合分析储能配置模式中的不确定因素和随机事件,实现了分布式光伏辅助用电的设计。实验结果表明,采用该方法的分布式光伏消纳控制对负荷要求较低,能有效降低互联线路的交换功率,提高光伏储能系统的配置规模、系统可靠性和经济性。
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引用次数: 0
Alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment of bamboo residues and its influence on physiochemical properties and enzymatic digestibility for bioethanol production 竹渣的碱性过氧化氢预处理及其对生物乙醇生产的理化特性和酶消化率的影响
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1444813
Sabeela Beevi Ummalyma, Ningthoujam Herojit, Rajeev K. Sukumaran
Bamboo is a perennial rapid-growing plant that is given preference for renewable biosources for biofuels and bio-based chemical conversion. Bamboos are rich in cellulose and have highly recalcitrant biomass due to high lignin. Bamboo is abundantly available in Northeastern India and can be utilized as a feedstock biofuels. Here, we evaluated the pretreatment of bamboo residues Dendrocalamus strictus with different concentrations of alkali, hydrogen peroxide, and alkaline hydrogen peroxide and its influence on biomass digestibility for enhancement of sugar recovery with Celic C cellulase enzyme blend. Enzymatic hydrolysis data indicated untreated raw biomass showed a digestibility of 40% after 48 h of incubation. The biomass pretreated with alkali showed a maximum digestibility of 61% obtained from 10% loaded with 0.5% w/v NaOH. Pretreatment of the bamboo with H2O2 shows a maximum digestibility of 75% from biomass loaded with 1% w/v of H2O2. Combinational pretreatment of alkaline hydrogen peroxide showed a maximum efficiency of biomass digestibility of 83% attained from biomass loaded with 1% w/v NaOH-H2O2. Crystallinity index (CrI) analysis showed that CrI increased from 64% to 70.75% in pretreated biomass. FTIR and SEM analysis show changes in functional groups, morphology, and surface of biomass in pretreated biomass. Compositional analysis shows that 68% of lignin removal is obtained from alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment. Cellulose content increased from 52% to 65%, and hemicellulose decreased from 18.6% to 8.6%. Results indicated that the potential possibility of bamboo waste biomass as feedstock for biorefinery products and alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment methods is an efficient strategy for sugar recovery for bioethanol production.
竹子是一种多年生速生植物,是生物燃料和生物基化学转化的可再生生物资源的首选。竹子富含纤维素,由于木质素含量高,其生物质具有很强的抗逆性。印度东北部盛产竹子,可用作生物燃料的原料。在此,我们评估了用不同浓度的碱、过氧化氢和碱性过氧化氢预处理竹子残留物 Dendrocalamus strictus 的情况及其对生物质消化率的影响,以提高 Celic C 纤维素酶混合酶的糖回收率。酶水解数据表明,培养 48 小时后,未经处理的生物质消化率为 40%。用碱预处理的生物质显示,10%加载 0.5% w/v NaOH 的生物质消化率最高,达到 61%。用 H2O2 对竹子进行预处理后,在生物质中添加 1% w/v 的 H2O2 可获得 75% 的最大消化率。碱性过氧化氢的组合预处理显示,生物质消化率的最高效率为 83%,来自负载 1% w/v NaOH-H2O2 的生物质。结晶度指数(CrI)分析表明,经预处理的生物质的结晶度指数从 64% 提高到 70.75%。傅立叶变换红外光谱和扫描电镜分析表明,预处理生物质的官能团、形态和表面发生了变化。成分分析表明,碱性过氧化氢预处理可去除 68% 的木质素。纤维素含量从 52% 增加到 65%,半纤维素从 18.6% 减少到 8.6%。结果表明,竹类废弃生物质有可能成为生物精炼产品的原料,而碱性过氧化氢预处理方法是回收糖分生产生物乙醇的有效策略。
{"title":"Alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment of bamboo residues and its influence on physiochemical properties and enzymatic digestibility for bioethanol production","authors":"Sabeela Beevi Ummalyma, Ningthoujam Herojit, Rajeev K. Sukumaran","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2024.1444813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2024.1444813","url":null,"abstract":"Bamboo is a perennial rapid-growing plant that is given preference for renewable biosources for biofuels and bio-based chemical conversion. Bamboos are rich in cellulose and have highly recalcitrant biomass due to high lignin. Bamboo is abundantly available in Northeastern India and can be utilized as a feedstock biofuels. Here, we evaluated the pretreatment of bamboo residues <jats:italic>Dendrocalamus strictus</jats:italic> with different concentrations of alkali, hydrogen peroxide, and alkaline hydrogen peroxide and its influence on biomass digestibility for enhancement of sugar recovery with Celic C cellulase enzyme blend. Enzymatic hydrolysis data indicated untreated raw biomass showed a digestibility of 40% after 48 h of incubation. The biomass pretreated with alkali showed a maximum digestibility of 61% obtained from 10% loaded with 0.5% w/v NaOH. Pretreatment of the bamboo with H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> shows a maximum digestibility of 75% from biomass loaded with 1% w/v of H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>. Combinational pretreatment of alkaline hydrogen peroxide showed a maximum efficiency of biomass digestibility of 83% attained from biomass loaded with 1% w/v NaOH-H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>. Crystallinity index (CrI) analysis showed that CrI increased from 64% to 70.75% in pretreated biomass. FTIR and SEM analysis show changes in functional groups, morphology, and surface of biomass in pretreated biomass. Compositional analysis shows that 68% of lignin removal is obtained from alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment. Cellulose content increased from 52% to 65%, and hemicellulose decreased from 18.6% to 8.6%. Results indicated that the potential possibility of bamboo waste biomass as feedstock for biorefinery products and alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment methods is an efficient strategy for sugar recovery for bioethanol production.","PeriodicalId":12428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","volume":"418 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Application of data analysis techniques for characterization and estimation in electrical substations 变电站特征描述和估算中数据分析技术的应用
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1372347
Oscar A. Bustos-Brinez, Alvaro Zambrano-Pinto, Javier Rosero Garcia
With the continued growth of smart grids in electrical systems around the world, large amounts of data are continuously being generated and new opportunities are emerging to use this data in a wide variety of applications. In particular, the analysis of data from distribution systems (such as electrical substations) can lead to improvements in real-time monitoring and load forecasting. This paper presents a methodology for substation data analysis based on the application of a series of data analysis methods aimed at three main objectives: the characterization of demand by identifying different types of consumption, the statistical analysis of the distribution of consumption, and the identification of anomalous behavior. The methodology is tested on a data set of hourly measurements from substations located in various geographical regions of Colombia. The results of this methodology show that the analysis of substations data can effectively detect several common consumption patterns and also isolate anomalous ones, with approximately 4% of the substations being identified as outliers. Therefore, the proposed methodology could be a useful tool for decision-making processes of electricity distributors.
随着智能电网在全球电力系统中的持续发展,大量数据不断产生,并出现了将这些数据用于各种应用的新机会。特别是,对配电系统(如变电站)数据的分析可以改进实时监控和负荷预测。本文介绍了一种变电站数据分析方法,该方法基于一系列数据分析方法的应用,旨在实现三个主要目标:通过识别不同类型的消费来描述需求特征、对消费分布进行统计分析以及识别异常行为。该方法在位于哥伦比亚不同地理区域的变电站的每小时测量数据集上进行了测试。该方法的结果表明,对变电站数据的分析可以有效地检测出几种常见的用电模式,同时也能分离出异常的用电模式,约有 4% 的变电站被识别为异常值。因此,建议的方法可以成为配电商决策过程中的有用工具。
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引用次数: 0
CPS-based power tracking control for distributed energy storage aggregator in demand-side management 需求侧管理中基于 CPS 的分布式储能聚合器功率跟踪控制
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1412379
Xin Jin, Tingzhe Pan, Hongxuan Luo, Yifan Zhang, Hongyu Zou, Wenyu Gao, Yu Chen
The deployment of distributed energy storage on the demand side has significantly enhanced the flexibility of power systems. However, effectively controlling these large-scale and geographically dispersed energy storage devices remains a major challenge in demand-side management. In this paper, we propose a CPS-based framework for controlling a distributed energy storage aggregator (DESA) in demand-side management. Within this framework, a distributed power tracking control algorithm is designed to ensure both power tracking and state-of-charge (SoC) balancing among the energy storage units (ESUs) within the DESA. The proposed algorithm utilizes a distributed observation-based approach that relies solely on local communication. It is demonstrated that the algorithm achieves power tracking convergence within a fixed time, while asymptotically achieving SoC balancing when assuming a connected communication network among the storage units. To validate the theoretical analysis and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, an example scenario comprising six ESUs is presented.
在需求侧部署分布式储能设备大大提高了电力系统的灵活性。然而,有效控制这些大规模、地理位置分散的储能设备仍然是需求侧管理的一大挑战。在本文中,我们提出了一个基于 CPS 的框架,用于在需求侧管理中控制分布式储能聚合器(DESA)。在此框架内,设计了一种分布式功率跟踪控制算法,以确保 DESA 内各储能单元 (ESU) 之间的功率跟踪和充电状态 (SoC) 平衡。所提出的算法采用基于观测的分布式方法,完全依赖于本地通信。实验证明,该算法可在固定时间内实现功率跟踪收敛,同时在假设储能单元之间存在连接通信网络的情况下,可渐进地实现 SoC 平衡。为了验证理论分析并证明所提控制策略的有效性,本文介绍了一个由六个 ESU 组成的示例场景。
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引用次数: 0
Computational fluid dynamic analysis of the effect of inlet valve closing timing on common rail diesel engines fueled with butanol–diesel blends 进气门关闭时间对使用丁醇-柴油混合物的共轨柴油发动机影响的计算流体动力学分析
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1447307
Venkatesh T. Lamani, K. V. Shivaprasad, Dibyendu Roy, Ajay Kumar Yadav, G. N. Kumar
The inlet valve closing (IVC) timing plays a crucial role in engine combustion, which impacts engine performance and emissions. This study attempts to measure the potential to use n-butanol (Bu) and its blends with the neat diesel in a common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is carried out to estimate the performance, combustion, and exhaust emission characteristics of n-butanol–diesel blends (0%–30% by volume) for variable valve timings. An experimental study is carried out using standard valve timing and blends to validate the CFD model (ESE AVL FIRE). After validation, the CFD model is employed to study the effect of variable valve timings for different n-butanol–diesel blends. Extended coherent flame model-3 zone (ECFM-3Z) is implemented to conduct combustion analysis, and the kappa–zeta–f (k–ζ–f) model is employed for turbulence modeling. The inlet valve closing (IVC) time is varied (advanced and retarded) from standard conditions, and optimized valve timing is obtained. Advancing IVC time leads to lower cylinder pressure during compression due to reduced trapped air mass. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) is increased by 4.5%, 6%, and 8% for Bu10, Bu20, and Bu30, respectively, compared to Bu0. Based on BTE, optimum injection timings are obtained at 12° before the top dead center (BTDC) for Bu0 and 15° BTDC for Bu10, Bu20, and Bu30. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions increase due to complete combustion. Due to IVC timing, further carbon monoxide and soot formation decreased with blends and had an insignificant effect.
进气门关闭(IVC)正时在发动机燃烧中起着至关重要的作用,影响着发动机的性能和排放。本研究试图测量正丁醇(Bu)及其与纯柴油的混合物在共轨直喷(CRDI)发动机中的使用潜力。通过计算流体动力学(CFD)模拟来估算正丁醇-柴油混合物(体积分数为 0%-30% )在可变气门正时下的性能、燃烧和废气排放特性。为了验证 CFD 模型(ESE AVL FIRE),使用标准气门正时和混合气进行了实验研究。验证后,采用 CFD 模型研究不同正丁醇-柴油混合物的可变气门时间的影响。采用扩展相干火焰模型-3 区(ECFM-3Z)进行燃烧分析,并采用 kappa-zeta-f (k-ζ-f) 模型进行湍流建模。在标准状态下改变进气门关闭(IVC)时间(提前和延后),可获得优化的气门正时。提前 IVC 时间可减少滞留空气量,从而降低压缩过程中的气缸压力。与 Bu0 相比,Bu10、Bu20 和 Bu30 的制动热效率(BTE)分别提高了 4.5%、6% 和 8%。根据 BTE,Bu0 的最佳喷射时间为上死点(BTDC)前 12°,Bu10、Bu20 和 Bu30 的最佳喷射时间为上死点(BTDC)前 15°。由于完全燃烧,氮氧化物(NOx)排放量增加。由于采用了 IVC 正时,一氧化碳和烟尘的进一步形成随混合燃料的增加而减少,影响不大。
{"title":"Computational fluid dynamic analysis of the effect of inlet valve closing timing on common rail diesel engines fueled with butanol–diesel blends","authors":"Venkatesh T. Lamani, K. V. Shivaprasad, Dibyendu Roy, Ajay Kumar Yadav, G. N. Kumar","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2024.1447307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2024.1447307","url":null,"abstract":"The inlet valve closing (IVC) timing plays a crucial role in engine combustion, which impacts engine performance and emissions. This study attempts to measure the potential to use n-butanol (Bu) and its blends with the neat diesel in a common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is carried out to estimate the performance, combustion, and exhaust emission characteristics of n-butanol–diesel blends (0%–30% by volume) for variable valve timings. An experimental study is carried out using standard valve timing and blends to validate the CFD model (ESE AVL FIRE). After validation, the CFD model is employed to study the effect of variable valve timings for different n-butanol–diesel blends. Extended coherent flame model-3 zone (ECFM-3Z) is implemented to conduct combustion analysis, and the kappa–zeta–f (k–ζ–f) model is employed for turbulence modeling. The inlet valve closing (IVC) time is varied (advanced and retarded) from standard conditions, and optimized valve timing is obtained. Advancing IVC time leads to lower cylinder pressure during compression due to reduced trapped air mass. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) is increased by 4.5%, 6%, and 8% for Bu10, Bu20, and Bu30, respectively, compared to Bu0. Based on BTE, optimum injection timings are obtained at 12° before the top dead center (BTDC) for Bu0 and 15° BTDC for Bu10, Bu20, and Bu30. Nitrogen oxide (NO<jats:sub>x</jats:sub>) emissions increase due to complete combustion. Due to IVC timing, further carbon monoxide and soot formation decreased with blends and had an insignificant effect.","PeriodicalId":12428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Industrial equipment optimization for combustion performance enhancement: a real-world case study 优化工业设备以提高燃烧性能:实际案例研究
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1364538
Tianqin Lin, Qi Cao, Song Huang, Wei Zhang, Hebin Liao, Darius Andriukaitis, Zhixiong Li
To address the issue of high NOx emission from the combustion chamber, this work optimized the industrial machine structure to enhance the combustion performance. The analysis results indicated that the flue gas recirculation (FGR) could effectively reduce the combustion temperature and the distribution of high-temperature regions in the machine chamber, thereby suppressing NOx formation without affecting the gas velocity inside the chamber. Based on the simulation analysis, the FGR technology was applied to modifying the machine structure and evaluated the modification effect in real-world application. It is found that after adding FGR, the oxygen content at the furnace outlet decreased from 13.8% to 10.5%, the NOx emission from the furnace decreased from 80 mg/m3 to 18 mg/m3, and the natural gas consumption decreased by more than 17%. These results demonstrate a significant impact on energy saving and emission reduction after optimizing the machine structure, which can provide a reference basis for subsequent researchers in this field.
针对燃烧室氮氧化物排放量高的问题,本研究对工业机器结构进行了优化,以提高燃烧性能。分析结果表明,烟气再循环(FGR)可有效降低燃烧温度和机膛内高温区的分布,从而在不影响机膛内气体速度的情况下抑制氮氧化物的形成。在仿真分析的基础上,将 FGR 技术应用于改造机器结构,并评估了实际应用中的改造效果。结果发现,加入 FGR 后,炉子出口处的氧气含量从 13.8% 降至 10.5%,炉子的氮氧化物排放量从 80 mg/m3 降至 18 mg/m3,天然气消耗量减少了 17% 以上。这些结果表明,在优化设备结构后,节能减排效果显著,可为后续该领域的研究人员提供参考依据。
{"title":"Industrial equipment optimization for combustion performance enhancement: a real-world case study","authors":"Tianqin Lin, Qi Cao, Song Huang, Wei Zhang, Hebin Liao, Darius Andriukaitis, Zhixiong Li","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2024.1364538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2024.1364538","url":null,"abstract":"To address the issue of high NOx emission from the combustion chamber, this work optimized the industrial machine structure to enhance the combustion performance. The analysis results indicated that the flue gas recirculation (FGR) could effectively reduce the combustion temperature and the distribution of high-temperature regions in the machine chamber, thereby suppressing NOx formation without affecting the gas velocity inside the chamber. Based on the simulation analysis, the FGR technology was applied to modifying the machine structure and evaluated the modification effect in real-world application. It is found that after adding FGR, the oxygen content at the furnace outlet decreased from 13.8% to 10.5%, the NOx emission from the furnace decreased from 80 mg/m<jats:sup>3</jats:sup> to 18 mg/m<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>, and the natural gas consumption decreased by more than 17%. These results demonstrate a significant impact on energy saving and emission reduction after optimizing the machine structure, which can provide a reference basis for subsequent researchers in this field.","PeriodicalId":12428,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Research on supply-demand balance in China’s five southern provinces amidst fluctuations in regional wind and solar power generation and transmission faults 中国南方五省在区域风能和太阳能发电及输电故障波动中的供需平衡研究
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1450765
Jincan Zeng, Lang Tang, Minwei Liu, Guori Huang, Nan Shang, Xi Liu, Songyan Ren, Peng Wang
To investigate the supply-demand balance of regional power systems under extreme scenarios, this study employs the high-resolution power optimization model SWITCH-China to simulate the regional heterogeneity and randomness of extreme weather events in detail. Focusing on the five southern provinces, this study explores various impacts on the power generation side and the grid side under scenarios of reduced wind and solar power output, transmission line failures, and combined scenarios, proposing strategies for constructing a new power system. The main conclusions are: the reduction in wind and solar power output significantly affects provinces with a high proportion of these installations, like Guizhou, necessitating other stable power generation forms to compensate. Transmission line failures notably impact provinces like Guangdong, which rely heavily on imported electricity, requiring increased investment in new wind and solar installations and more self-generated power to offset the reduction in imported electricity. The combination of these factors amplifies their individual impacts, leading to the highest carbon reduction and electricity costs. The simulation results of this study are valuable for China’s five southern provinces in coping with extreme scenarios. As these provinces work on building a new power system and gradually retire fossil fuel units, they should expand the number and capacity of inter-provincial high-voltage transmission lines while considering system economics. Additionally, accelerating the deployment of energy storage is crucial for maintaining power system stability.
为了研究极端情况下区域电力系统的供需平衡,本研究采用高分辨率电力优化模型 SWITCH-China,详细模拟了极端天气事件的区域异质性和随机性。本研究以南方五省为研究对象,探讨了风能和太阳能发电量减少、输电线路故障以及综合情况下对发电侧和电网侧的各种影响,提出了构建新电力系统的策略。主要结论是:风能和太阳能发电量的减少对贵州等风能和太阳能发电装置比例较高的省份影响较大,需要其他稳定的发电形式来弥补。输电线路故障对广东等严重依赖进口电力的省份影响显著,需要增加对新的风能和太阳能发电设施的投资,并增加自发电量,以抵消进口电力的减少。这些因素的综合作用放大了各自的影响,导致最高的碳减排量和电力成本。本研究的模拟结果对中国南方五省应对极端情况具有重要价值。这些省份在建设新的电力系统、逐步淘汰化石燃料机组的同时,应在考虑系统经济性的前提下,扩大省际高压输电线路的数量和容量。此外,加快储能的部署对于维护电力系统的稳定也至关重要。
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Frontiers in Energy Research
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