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Medium-voltage feeder blocks division method considering source-load uncertainty and characteristics complementary clustering 考虑源负载不确定性和特性互补聚类的中压馈线区块划分方法
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1452011
Jieyun Zheng, Zhanghuang Zhang, Ying Shi, Zhuolin Chen
Existing feeder block division methods fail to consider the complementary characteristics and uncertainty between power sources and loads, which result in excessive feeder blocks, low inter-block balance, and significant disparity in net load peak-valley difference. To address these issues, a medium-voltage feeder block division method that considers the uncertainty and complementary characteristics of sources and loads is proposed. Firstly, based on the probability density characteristics of sources and loads, an uncertainty model of DG output and load demand is established. Secondly, considering the constraints of block maximum load rate and feeder non-crossing, a feeder block division model is established. Additionally, a set of center circles is defined, and based on this, an improved K-means clustering algorithm is proposed. The initial clustering centers based on the center circles is set, and the clustering centers based on the arcs of the center circles corrected. And the weighted distances between power sources and clustering centers are calculated. An algorithm flow for improved K-means clustering feeder block division is designed accordingly. Finally, the case studies show that the result of block division is improved.
现有的馈线区块划分方法未能考虑电源和负载之间的互补特性和不确定性,从而导致馈线区块过多、区块间平衡度低、净负载峰谷差悬殊。针对这些问题,本文提出了一种考虑了电源和负载的不确定性和互补性的中压馈线区块划分方法。首先,基于电源和负载的概率密度特征,建立了 DG 输出和负载需求的不确定性模型。其次,考虑到区块最大负载率和馈线不交叉的约束条件,建立了馈线区块划分模型。此外,还定义了一组中心圆,并在此基础上提出了一种改进的 K-means 聚类算法。根据中心圆设定初始聚类中心,并根据中心圆的弧线修正聚类中心。并计算电源和聚类中心之间的加权距离。据此设计出改进的 K-means 聚类馈电块划分算法流程。最后,案例研究表明,区块划分的结果得到了改善。
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引用次数: 0
Research on standardization of power transformer monitoring and early warning based on multi-source data 基于多源数据的电力变压器监测与预警标准化研究
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1442299
Wang Wenhua, Cui Rui, Chen Yu, Zhao Xu, Xue Yongbing
To meet the growing demand for integrated monitoring of complex power grid equipment, it is necessary to improve the situational awareness model of power transformers. The model is expected to assist monitoring personnel in timely identifying transformers with deteriorating trends among massive and discrete monitoring information, and to make responses in advance. However, the current transformer state awareness technology generally has the problem of single data source and poor timeliness, and still requires monitoring personnel to make artificial analysis and prediction in combination with telemetry information, which cannot fully meet the requirements of power grid equipment monitoring. This paper is based on multi-source data fusion technology, through associating and mining transformer alarm information, equipment maintenance records and power transmission and transformation online monitoring data, to extract the dimension features of transformer operation situation assessment. By constructing a multi-layer perceptron model, a transformer state transition model based on the principle of Markov chain is established, which can predict possible defects 2 h in advance and achieve good results, and determine the transformer state early warning index, providing sufficient time for monitoring personnel to deploy transformer operation and maintenance work in advance. Finally, the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper is proved by the case of transformer crisis state in a city substation, and the method proposed in this paper has important significance for transformer state early warning.
为了满足日益增长的对复杂电网设备进行综合监控的需求,有必要改进电力变压器的态势感知模型。该模型有望帮助监测人员在海量、离散的监测信息中及时发现有恶化趋势的变压器,并提前做出响应。然而,目前的变压器状态感知技术普遍存在数据源单一、时效性差的问题,仍然需要监测人员结合遥测信息进行人工分析和预测,不能完全满足电网设备监测的要求。本文基于多源数据融合技术,通过关联挖掘变压器告警信息、设备检修记录和输变电在线监测数据,提取变压器运行态势评估的维度特征。通过构建多层感知器模型,建立了基于马尔科夫链原理的变压器状态转换模型,可提前2 h预测可能出现的缺陷,取得了良好的效果,并确定了变压器状态预警指标,为监测人员提前部署变压器运维工作提供了充足的时间。最后,通过某城市变电站变压器危机状态案例证明了本文所提方法的有效性,本文所提方法对变压器状态预警具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
A new dynamic state estimation method for distribution networks based on modified SVSF considering photovoltaic power prediction 基于改进型 SVSF 的配电网络动态状态估计新方法(考虑光伏功率预测
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1421555
Huiqiang Zhi, Xiao Chang, Jinhao Wang, Rui Mao, Rui Fan, Tengxin Wang, Jinge Song, Guisheng Xiao
The fluctuations brought by the renewable energy access to the distribution network make it difficult to accurately describe the state space model of the distribution network’s dynamic process, which is the basis of the existing dynamic state estimation methods such as the Kalman filter. The inaccurate state space model directly causes an error of dynamic state estimation results. This paper proposed a new dynamic state estimation method which can mitigates the impact of renewable energy fluctuation by considering PV power prediction in establishing distribution network state space model. Firstly, the proposed method mitigates the impact of renewable energy fluctuation by considering PV power prediction in establishing distribution network state space model. Secondly, SVSF filter is introduced to achieve more accurate estimation under noise. The case study and evaluations are carried out based on MATLAB simulation. The results prove that the smooth variable structure filter with photovoltaic power prediction has a better dynamic state estimation effect under the fluctuation of the distribution network compared with the existing Kalman filter.
可再生能源接入配电网带来的波动使得配电网动态过程的状态空间模型难以准确描述,而状态空间模型是卡尔曼滤波等现有动态状态估计方法的基础。不准确的状态空间模型直接导致了动态状态估计结果的误差。本文提出了一种新的动态状态估计方法,通过在建立配电网状态空间模型时考虑光伏功率预测,可以减轻可再生能源波动的影响。首先,本文提出的方法在建立配电网状态空间模型时考虑了光伏功率预测,从而减轻了可再生能源波动的影响。其次,引入 SVSF 滤波器以实现噪声下更精确的估计。基于 MATLAB 仿真进行了案例研究和评估。结果证明,与现有的卡尔曼滤波器相比,带有光伏功率预测的平滑变结构滤波器在配电网波动下具有更好的动态状态估计效果。
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引用次数: 0
An experimental analysis and deep learning model to assess the cooling performance of green walls in humid climates 评估潮湿气候下绿化墙降温性能的实验分析和深度学习模型
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1447655
Abdollah Baghaei Daemei, Tomasz Bradecki, Alina Pancewicz, Amirali Razzaghipour, Asma Jamali, Seyedeh Maryam Abbaszadegan, Reza Askarizad, Mostafa Kazemi, Ayyoob Sharifi
Introduction: Amidst escalating global temperatures, increasing climate change, and rapid urbanization, addressing urban heat islands and improving outdoor thermal comfort is paramount for sustainable urban development. Green walls offer a promising strategy by effectively lowering ambient air temperatures in urban environments. While previous studies have explored their impact in various climates, their effectiveness in humid climates remains underexplored.Methods: This research investigates the cooling effect of a green wall during summer in a humid climate, employing two approaches: Field Measurement-Based Analysis (SC 1: FMA) and Deep Learning Model (SC 2: DLM). In SC 1: FMA, experiments utilized data loggers at varying distances from the green wall to capture real-time conditions. SC 2: DLM utilized a deep learning model to predict the green wall’s performance over time.Results: Results indicate a significant reduction in air temperature, with a 1.5°C (6%) decrease compared to real-time conditions. Long-term analysis identified specific distances (A, B, C, and D) contributing to temperature reductions ranging from 1.5°C to 2.5°C, highlighting optimal distances for green wall efficacy.Discussion: This study contributes novel insights by determining effective distances for green wall systems to mitigate ambient temperatures, addressing a critical gap in current literature. The integration of a deep learning model enhances analytical precision and forecasts future outcomes. Despite limitations related to a single case study and limited timeframe, this research offers practical benefits in urban heat island mitigation, enhancing outdoor comfort, and fostering sustainable and climate-resilient urban environments.
导言:在全球气温不断攀升、气候变化日益加剧和城市化进程迅速发展的情况下,解决城市热岛问题和改善室外热舒适度对于城市的可持续发展至关重要。绿墙能有效降低城市环境中的空气温度,是一项前景广阔的战略。虽然以往的研究探讨了绿墙在不同气候条件下的影响,但对其在潮湿气候条件下的有效性仍未充分探讨:本研究采用两种方法,对夏季潮湿气候下绿墙的降温效果进行了调查:方法:本研究采用两种方法研究了绿墙在潮湿气候下的夏季降温效果:基于现场测量的分析(SC 1: FMA)和深度学习模型(SC 2: DLM)。在 SC 1:FMA 中,实验利用距离绿墙不同距离的数据记录器来捕捉实时情况。SC 2:DLM 利用深度学习模型来预测绿墙随时间变化的性能:结果表明,空气温度明显降低,与实时条件相比降低了 1.5°C (6%)。长期分析表明,特定的距离(A、B、C 和 D)有助于降低 1.5°C 至 2.5°C 的温度,突出了绿墙功效的最佳距离:本研究通过确定绿墙系统降低环境温度的有效距离,解决了当前文献中的一个关键空白,从而提出了新的见解。深度学习模型的整合提高了分析的精确性并预测了未来的结果。尽管存在单一案例研究和时间框架有限的局限性,但这项研究在缓解城市热岛、提高室外舒适度、促进可持续发展和气候适应性城市环境方面提供了切实的益处。
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引用次数: 0
Driving towards sustainability: exploring risk perceptions of fossil fuels, e-fuels, and electric drives in individual transport 迈向可持续发展:探索个人交通工具中化石燃料、电子燃料和电力驱动的风险认知
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1415430
Eva Rößler, Tim Schmeckel, Ute Kesselheim, Katrin Arning
The transportation sector is a significant contributor to CO2 emissions, necessitating the adoption of alternative drive technologies to achieve decarbonization. This study investigates public perceptions of fossil fuels, e-fuels, and electric drives, with the aim of identifying factors influencing risk perceptions, perceived efficacy in combating climate change, and readiness to use or purchase cars with these technologies. Therefore, a quantitative study using a questionnaire (N = 141) was conducted. The results indicate that e-fuels and electric drives are perceived more positively than fossil fuels. E-fuels were found to have the lowest risk perceptions. Differences in cognitive and affective risk perceptions, as well as in financial, environmental, and health-related risks, were observed across drive types. Car affinity was found to correlate positively with risk perceptions of e-fuels and fossil fuels, but negatively with electric drives. The risk perception of global warming showed an inverse relationship. Regarding the prediction of readiness, differences were found between e-fuels and electric drives in terms of the influencing factors on readiness. The study contributes to the understanding of public perceptions by providing a comparison between different drive technologies and offers valuable insights for developing targeted communication strategies.
交通部门是二氧化碳排放的重要来源,因此有必要采用替代驱动技术来实现去碳化。本研究调查了公众对化石燃料、电子燃料和电力驱动的看法,旨在找出影响风险认知、应对气候变化的认知功效以及使用或购买采用这些技术的汽车的意愿的因素。因此,我们使用问卷(N = 141)进行了一项定量研究。结果表明,人们对电子燃料和电力驱动的看法比化石燃料更为积极。电动燃料的风险认知度最低。不同驱动类型在认知和情感风险感知以及财务、环境和健康相关风险方面存在差异。研究发现,汽车亲和力与电动燃料和化石燃料的风险认知呈正相关,但与电力驱动呈负相关。对全球变暖的风险认知则呈反向关系。在对准备程度的预测方面,发现电动燃料和电动驱动在影响准备程度的因素方面存在差异。这项研究通过对不同驱动技术进行比较,有助于了解公众的看法,并为制定有针对性的传播战略提供了宝贵的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Research on prediction method of photovoltaic power generation based on transformer model 基于变压器模型的光伏发电预测方法研究
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1452173
Ning Zhou, Bo-wen Shang, Jin-shuai Zhang, Ming-ming Xu
Accurate prediction of photovoltaic power generation is of great significance to stable operation of power system. To improve the prediction accuracy of photovoltaic power, a photovoltaic power generation prediction machine learning model based on Transformer model is proposed in this paper. In this paper, the basic principle of Transformer model is introduced. Correlation analysis tools such as Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman correlation coefficient are introduced to analyze the correlation between various factors and power generation in the photovoltaic power generation process. Then, the prediction results of traditional machine learning models and the Transformer model proposed in this paper were compared and analyzed for errors. The results show that: for long-term prediction tasks such as photovoltaic power generation prediction, Transformer model has higher prediction accuracy than traditional machine learning models. Moreover, compared with BP, LSTM and Bi-LSTM models, the Mean Square Error (MSE) of Transformer model decreases by 70.16%, 69.32% and 62.88% respectively in short-term prediction, and the Mean Square Error (MSE) of Transformer model decreases by 63.58%, 51.02% and 38.3% respectively in long-term prediction, which has good prediction effect. In addition, compared with the long-term prediction effect of Informer model, Transformer model has higher prediction accuracy.
准确预测光伏发电量对电力系统的稳定运行具有重要意义。为了提高光伏发电量的预测精度,本文提出了一种基于变压器模型的光伏发电量预测机器学习模型。本文介绍了变压器模型的基本原理。引入皮尔逊相关系数和斯皮尔曼相关系数等相关性分析工具,分析光伏发电过程中各种因素与发电量之间的相关性。然后,比较了传统机器学习模型和本文提出的变压器模型的预测结果,并进行了误差分析。结果表明:对于光伏发电预测等长期预测任务,Transformer 模型比传统机器学习模型具有更高的预测精度。而且,与 BP、LSTM 和 Bi-LSTM 模型相比,在短期预测中,Transformer 模型的均方误差(MSE)分别降低了 70.16%、69.32% 和 62.88%;在长期预测中,Transformer 模型的均方误差(MSE)分别降低了 63.58%、51.02% 和 38.3%,具有良好的预测效果。此外,与 Informer 模型的长期预测效果相比,Transformer 模型的预测精度更高。
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引用次数: 0
Multi-paradigm modelling and control of microgrid systems for better power stability in the Rockaways 多范式微电网系统建模与控制,提高洛克威地区的电力稳定性
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1404811
Ayman Aljarbouh, Dmytro Zubov, Issam A. R. Moghrabi
The Rockaways Peninsula faces issues related to congestion and power outages during times of peak usage. Additionally, it is susceptible to disruptions caused by disasters such as hurricanes and storms. In this paper, we propose a new methodology that employs multi-paradigm modelling and control for the design and implementation of interconnected microgrid systems in the Rockaways. Microgrids are small-scale power networks that incorporate renewable energy technologies for power generation and distribution to enhance the control of energy supply and demand. Multi-paradigm modelling is employed to describe microgrids’ dynamic behavior more accurately by integrating system dynamics, agent-based modelling, as well as discrete event and continuous time simulation. We use agent-based models to describe the behavior of separate microgrid elements and the microgrid as a whole. Discrete event/continuous time simulation is used to analyze real-time operation of electrical parameters, such as voltage, current and frequency. Thus, the design, analysis and performance of microgrids are improved. Also, control strategies are used for the purpose of enabling the microgrids to operate effectively by responding to changes in power supply and demand and minimizing the effects of disturbances. The findings of this study demonstrate the feasibility and resilience benefits of incorporating multi-paradigm modelling and control in the design and management of microgrid systems in the Rockaways, which can result in the development of more durable, efficient, and sustainable energy systems in the region.
洛克威斯半岛在用电高峰期面临着拥堵和停电问题。此外,它还容易受到飓风和风暴等灾害的干扰。在本文中,我们提出了一种采用多范式建模和控制的新方法,用于设计和实施洛克威斯地区的互联微电网系统。微电网是将可再生能源技术用于发电和配电以加强能源供需控制的小型电力网络。我们采用多范式建模,通过整合系统动力学、基于代理的建模以及离散事件和连续时间仿真,更准确地描述微电网的动态行为。我们使用基于代理的模型来描述独立微电网元件和整个微电网的行为。离散事件/连续时间仿真用于分析电压、电流和频率等电气参数的实时运行。因此,微电网的设计、分析和性能都得到了改善。此外,还采用了控制策略,通过响应电力供需变化和最大限度地减少干扰影响,使微电网有效运行。本研究的结果表明,将多范式建模和控制纳入 Rockaways 地区微电网系统的设计和管理具有可行性和复原力方面的优势,可为该地区开发出更持久、高效和可持续的能源系统。
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引用次数: 0
An operating mode control method for photovoltaic (PV) battery hybrid systems 光伏电池混合动力系统的运行模式控制方法
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1435310
Wenping Zhang, Yiming Wang, Po Xu, Donghui Li, Baosong Liu
Depending on the PV power, load power, and battery status, the system may operate in different modes. The control loop may have to switch between operating modes. In practice, it is difficult to implement control loop switching because the transition and dynamic process are difficult to control. As a result, this paper presents a generalized mode control method that avoids loop switching across modes. First, system structure and topology are introduced. The operating conditions for both grid-connected and off-grid modes are then divided into six sub-cases. Furthermore, the control architecture, control loop, and reference transition for various scenarios are described. Finally, an experimental platform is built, and the results are presented to verify the proposed method.
根据光伏功率、负载功率和电池状态,系统可能以不同的模式运行。控制回路可能需要在不同的运行模式之间进行切换。在实践中,由于转换和动态过程难以控制,因此很难实现控制环路的切换。因此,本文提出了一种避免环路跨模式切换的广义模式控制方法。首先,介绍系统结构和拓扑结构。然后,将并网模式和离网模式的运行条件分为六个子情况。此外,还介绍了各种情况下的控制结构、控制回路和参考转换。最后,建立了一个实验平台,并给出了实验结果,以验证所提出的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Sliding mode control based on maximum power point tracking for dynamics of wind turbine system 基于最大功率点跟踪的滑模控制,用于风力涡轮机系统的动态控制
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1434695
Borhen Torchani, Ahmad Taher Azar, Saim Ahmed, Ahmed Redha Mahlous, Ibraheem Kasim Ibraheem
This article presents a proportional-integral sliding mode control (PI-SMC) approach for a two-mass variable speed wind turbine (VSWT) system. Most studies on wind turbines typically focus mainly on the electromagnetic part of the generators, or even on the high-speed part, considering the shaft stiffness as negligible. However, the generator torque is actually driven by the aerodynamic torque, and a two-mass system like the one studied here plays the role of a transmission element for this power. To address this challenge, the problem of low power generation resulting from wind speed variability is tackled by designing a PI-SMC control law, capable of controlling the mechanical turbine model that optimizes power and torque by tracking the maximum power point (MPPT) for rotational speed and aerodynamic power. To validate the developed theoretical results, an application of the wind turbine system is simulated in Matlab/Simulink, for a particular case. The control used is capable of satisfying the dynamic performance of the systems.
本文介绍了一种针对双质量变速风力涡轮机(VSWT)系统的比例积分滑动模式控制(PI-SMC)方法。大多数关于风力涡轮机的研究通常主要集中在发电机的电磁部分,甚至是高速部分,认为轴的刚度可以忽略不计。然而,发电机的扭矩实际上是由空气动力扭矩驱动的,而像本文所研究的这种双质量系统则扮演着这种动力的传输元件的角色。为了应对这一挑战,我们设计了一种 PI-SMC 控制法则,能够控制机械涡轮机模型,通过跟踪转速和空气动力功率的最大功率点 (MPPT),优化功率和扭矩,从而解决风速变化导致的低发电量问题。为了验证所得出的理论结果,我们在 Matlab/Simulink 中对风力涡轮机系统的应用进行了模拟。所使用的控制能够满足系统的动态性能。
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引用次数: 0
Mixing nuclear and conventional fossil fuel units within the baseload of PP using the CPLEX Optimizer 使用 CPLEX 优化器在 PP 的基荷内混合使用核电机组和常规化石燃料机组
IF 3.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1400905
Abdullah M. Al-Qahtani, Abdullah M. Al-Shaalan, Waheed A. Al-Masry, Hassan M. Hussein Farh
The future electric loads in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) are increasing significantly, particularly in the Eastern Province of the KSA. These high-rise loads are primarily driven by the operational needs of the Saudi Arabian oil company Aramco, including oil refineries, and the infrastructures of the Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC) factories. This study aims to construct a nuclear power plant in that area to supplement and support the baseload currently covered by conventional generation units powered by fossil fuels within the Saudi Electricity Company (SEC) operations. The objective function is to minimize the operational costs of the power systems to the greatest extent possible. This paper describes a case study conducted using the IBM CPLEX Optimizer software to compare the operational costs of KSA’s power systems for a 24-h period. Two scenarios were considered and addressed: the first scenario without the inclusion of a nuclear power plant (NPP) and the second scenario with the inclusion of the NPP. The unit commitment problem was modeled for both scenarios. The obtained results revealed that the second scenario, which involved the penetration of the NPP, offered an optimal economic solution for operating KSA’s power systems. By employing the CPLEX Optimizer software and analyzing the unit commitment problem, this study provides valuable insights into the economic advantages of integrating the NPP into the power systems of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The NPP shows viability in terms of minimizing the operational costs to 32.10 $/MWh compared to the first scenario where the operational costs were 42.10 $/MWh and resulted in almost 24% reduction in operational costs. In addition, the NPP is deemed as an optimal technology to contribute to the net zero goal by 2060, where it can reduce the reliance on fossil fuel power plants and contribute to the reduction of CO2 emissions.
沙特阿拉伯王国(KSA)未来的电力负荷将大幅增加,尤其是在沙特阿拉伯东部省份。这些高层负荷主要由沙特阿拉伯石油公司阿美石油公司(包括炼油厂)的运营需求和沙特基础工业公司(SABIC)工厂的基础设施所驱动。本研究的目的是在该地区建造一座核电站,以补充和支持沙特电力公司(SEC)运营范围内目前由化石燃料驱动的常规发电机组所提供的基荷。目标函数是最大限度地降低电力系统的运营成本。本文介绍了一项使用 IBM CPLEX 优化器软件进行的案例研究,该软件用于比较沙特电力公司电力系统在 24 小时内的运营成本。本文考虑并讨论了两种情况:第一种情况是不包括核电站,第二种情况是包括核电站。对这两种情况都进行了机组承诺问题建模。结果表明,第二种方案涉及核电厂的渗透,为运行 KSA 的电力系统提供了最佳经济解决方案。通过使用 CPLEX 优化器软件和分析机组承诺问题,本研究为将核电厂纳入沙特阿拉伯王国电力系统的经济优势提供了有价值的见解。与第一种方案(运营成本为 42.10 美元/兆瓦时)相比,该核电厂在将运营成本降至 32.10 美元/兆瓦时方面显示出可行性,并使运营成本降低了近 24%。此外,核电厂被认为是有助于实现 2060 年净零目标的最佳技术,它可以减少对化石燃料发电厂的依赖,并有助于减少二氧化碳排放。
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引用次数: 0
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