Forest Policy and Economics最新文献

英文中文

Impacts of COVID-19 on forestry migrant workers in the Southern United States

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103443

Manuja Jayasundara , Carolina Berget , Puneet Dwivedi

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted many aspects of life and affected numerous sectors in the United States (US), including the forestry sector, which heavily depends on temporary migrant guest workers to perform roles that are difficult to fill with local labor. We conducted a qualitative case study focusing on a single labor contracting company that supplies workers for forestry projects in the US South to examine how the pandemic affected migrant workers.

The study involved a total of 25 interviews with participants, including migrant workers employed by the company, their employer, and other relevant stakeholders. Drawing on existing literature, a theoretical perspective was identified to explore the vulnerable nature of migrant workers and analyze the pandemic's effects on them.

While social isolation, a common characteristic of migrant work, helped reduce exposure to COVID-19, shared living and travel arrangements hindered effective isolation within crews. Additionally, the absence of health insurance compounded their vulnerability. Despite minimal disruptions to working hours, which allowed salaries and remittances to remain stable, temporary travel restrictions and visa delays caused delays in the arrival of H2B workers. The pandemic exacerbated existing vulnerabilities, such as increased disposability and dependence on employers. However, some workers displayed agency by leaving when their earning potential was at risk, challenging assumptions about passive victimhood.

In response to these findings, future policies should prioritize improving living and working conditions, ensuring access to healthcare, streamlining visa processes, and strengthening worker protections to better prepare for disruptive events like the COVID-19 pandemic.

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引用次数: 0

Social determinants of Chilean forestry workers: A challenge for sustainable industry development

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103439

Sandra Alvear-Vega, Nicolas Astudillo-Molina

Objective

This study aims to identify the social determinants (SD) that influence employment in Chile’'s forestry sector. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by examining the interaction between various social determinants and the likelihood of individuals working in the forestry sector.

Methodology

To achieve this objective, data from the 2022 National Socioeconomic Characterization Survey, was used. 7700 people were included in this study. SDs were categorized into five groups according to the ESG criteria for social perspective: diversity; wage gap; employment benefits; workplace safety; and social programs. A probit model was used to determine average marginal effects. The model classified 92.7 % of the data accurately.

Results

Individuals most likely to work in the forestry sector are predominantly male, with lower educational levels, aged between 35 and 65, under fixed-term contracts, belonging to the lowest income quintiles, without economic or food incentives, facing health and nutrition issues due to lack of funds, and lacking access to communication or the Internet.

Conclusion

Workers in the forestry industry exhibit high social vulnerability, far from the social determinants established in ESG standards.

Value

This study of the Chilean forestry industry highlights the social dimension of ESG based on secondary data, differing from those published by companies. Studies of this type contribute to generating greater transparency and trust among stakeholders, thus promoting the formulation of policies and business strategies that help improve employment conditions in the forestry sector within the context of persistent inequalities.

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引用次数: 0

Bioeconomy governance in the global South: State of the art and the way forward 全球发展中国家的生物经济治理：现状与前进方向

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103403

Daniela Kleinschmit , Alexandru Giurca , Rosa Lehmann , Fabricio Rodríguez , Hariati Sinaga

引用次数: 0

Forest diversity and the distribution of farm revenue - Empirical evidence from forest farms in Taiwan 森林多样性与农业收入分配——来自台湾林场的经验证据

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103411

Tzong-Haw Lee , Yu-You Liou , Hung-Hao Chang

Forest diversity is important for the increase in biodiversity since higher levels of multiple ecosystem services are found in forests with a greater variety of tree species. Although a sizable body of literature has focused on the biodiversity of forest farms, little is known about the relationship between forest diversity and the economic performance of forest farms. This paper contributes to this research topic by investigating the relationship between forest diversity and forest revenue using a population-based dataset of all registered forest farms in Taiwan. In contrast to previous studies, we pay attention not only to the mean returns but also the variability in forest farm revenue. We apply the instrumental variable method with the average elevation of a farm's township as the instrument to correct for endogeneity bias. We find that forest diversity reduces the mean level and the associated dispersion of farm revenue. Moreover, the magnitude of the effect is more pronounced for the latter. By further looking at labor use on the forest farm, we find that farms that plant a greater variety of tree species require more male labor.

森林多样性对增加生物多样性很重要，因为在树木种类较多的森林中，多种生态系统服务水平较高。尽管大量文献关注林场的生物多样性，但人们对森林多样性与林场经济绩效之间的关系知之甚少。本文以台湾所有登记林场的人口数据为基础，探讨森林多样性与森林收益的关系。与以往的研究相比，我们不仅关注平均收益，还关注林场收入的变异性。我们采用工具变量法，以一个农场乡镇的平均海拔为工具来纠正内生性偏差。我们发现森林多样性降低了农业收入的平均水平和相关的分散性。而且，后者的影响更为明显。通过进一步观察林场的劳动力使用情况，我们发现，种植更多种类树种的林场需要更多的男性劳动力。

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引用次数: 0

Economic gain of genetically-selected coastal Douglas-fir: Timber, log and carbon value at varying planting densities 沿海道格拉斯冷杉基因选择的经济收益：不同种植密度下的木材、原木和碳价值

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103397

M. Isaac-Renton , B. Moore , J. Degner , C. Bealle Statland , B. Bogdanski , L. Sun , M. Stoehr

Substantial investments in tree breeding for coastal Douglas-fir in British Columbia are projected to lead to significant volume gain at rotation age. Recent research shows growth gains are accumulating as expected, but it is less clear to what degree and when these volume gains translate into economic gains. We use discounted cash flow analysis techniques to quantify economic gains and determine optimal rotation ages expected from planting three levels of genetic gain in tree volume (a 0 % control, +10 % and + 18 %) at four initial densities (625, 1189, 1890 and 3906 stems/ha). Valuations were estimated for a variety of economic conditions for timber volume and log grades, with and without carbon pricing. These analyses rely on a growth and yield model simulating data from a 21-year coastal Douglas-fir realized gain trial, installed on five sites differing in productivity. Simulations show that planting selectively-bred coastal Douglas-fir trees reliably led to significant economic gains relative to unselected control stands, across initial planting densities, sites and varied economic scenarios. Highest financial returns are projected for genetically-selected seedlings at the most productive sites. Lower initial planting densities were associated with higher economic gains but also reduced important wood quality metrics that were not captured by the financial analyses, suggesting that operational planting densities (1189–1890 stems/ha) could offer a suitable compromise. Incorporating carbon prices led to larger economic returns and longer rotations. Altogether, these simulations suggest that a reliably higher return on investment can be achieved by deploying selectively-bred planting stock.

预计对不列颠哥伦比亚省沿海道格拉斯冷杉树种育种的大量投资将导致轮龄时的显著产量增加。最近的研究显示，增长收益正在如预期那样累积，但不太清楚这些数量增长在多大程度上以及何时转化为经济收益。我们使用贴现现金流分析技术来量化经济收益，并确定在四种初始密度（625、1189、1890和3906茎/公顷）下种植三种树体积遗传收益水平（0 %控制、+ 10%和+ 18%）的最佳轮作年龄。在有无碳定价的情况下，对木材量和原木等级的各种经济条件进行了估值。这些分析依赖于生长和产量模型，模拟了21年沿海道格拉斯杉木实现收益试验的数据，该试验安装在五个生产率不同的地点。模拟表明，种植选择性繁殖的沿海道格拉斯冷杉相对于未选择的对照林分，在初始种植密度、地点和不同的经济情景下，可靠地带来了显著的经济收益。在最多产的地方，基因选择的幼苗预计将获得最高的经济回报。较低的初始种植密度与较高的经济收益相关，但也降低了财务分析中未捕获的重要木材质量指标，这表明操作种植密度（1189-1890茎/公顷）可以提供一个合适的折衷方案。纳入碳价格带来了更大的经济回报和更长的周期。总之，这些模拟表明，通过部署选择性育种的种植材料，可以获得可靠的较高投资回报。

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引用次数: 0

How nature and landscape quality connect: An exploratory study of their relationship with urban green spaces

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103404

Gonzalo de la Fuente de Val

This study explores the relationship between individuals' connection to nature through the use of urban green spaces and the perceived landscape quality of their neighbourhoods. A total of 829 participants from Latin America completed an online survey. Spearman's rank correlation was used to examine associations, while Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified key variables linked to nature connection and neighbourhood landscape quality. Additionally, differences in perceptions and socio-demographic factors were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Results show that neighbourhoods perceived as having more greenery, better maintenance, increased safety, and greater visual appeal are associated with stronger connections to nature and more positive attitudes towards it. The study concludes that improving urban green spaces can strengthen individuals' relationship with nature.

引用次数: 0

Culture change in the Forest sector: Insights from a participatory workshop at the Women's Forest congress

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103438

Jaana Korhonen , Jamie Dahl , Asia L. Dowtin , Leah Rathbun

This study draws on collaborative work done during the inaugural Women's Forest Congress in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, attended by over 500 diverse professionals in the public and private sectors in the fall of 2022. The Congress was designed to encourage women and other minoritized gender identities to think critically about their role in the forest and natural resource sector and the workforce, and to generate workplace recommendations that promote greater retention of women in the profession. Our study is based on a World Café-style workshop at the Congress, during which approximately 60 women engaged in prompt-guided dialogue on their current and ideal workforce conditions within the forest and natural resource sector, and related professional communities. Participants provided their reflections through both written and verbal responses. We utilized content and thematic analysis techniques to review participant responses and identify emerging themes around opportunities and barriers that women and other minoritized gender identities may face related to workforce inclusion and career advancement. We distinguished 17 community-identified desired areas of change, key in creating a more inclusive working culture within the forest and natural resource sector, that support long-term engagement across diverse members of the workforce. Justice, Equity, Diversity, Inclusion and Access (JEDIA) and work policy were prompted as the most cross-cutting themes for creating cultural change. As participants were predominantly from the US and Canada, results largely reflect women from those countries. Future work would benefit from studying similar trends among a more globally representative sample of women in the forest sector.

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引用次数: 0

Rules and interactions around customary tree ownership in forested public lands: A qualitative study in Jharkhand, India

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103442

Sabyasachi Kar , Gaurav R. Sinha , Puneet Dwivedi

Customary ownership of trees in forested public lands is common among tribal communities in India. This separation of trees and land ownership raises questions about the nature of such ownership, the rules governing them, and the factors shaping them. Despite its socio-cultural and ecological significance, limited studies have explored this form of tree ownership. Additionally, recent forest policy regimes have also remained silent on this. This study addresses these gaps by documenting customary rules governing tree ownership, examining its governance systems, analyzing interactions between villagers and trees, and assessing the outcomes of these interactions on people and local forest resources. This study was conducted in four tribal villages of Jharkhand, India, using a qualitative approach. Data collection included focus group discussions with male and female key informants and household interviews with household heads, predominantly men. Thematic analysis was conducted within Ostrom's Socio-Ecological System (SES) framework. We identified SES categories such as Resource Systems, Governance Systems, Resource Units, Users, and other broader socio-ecological categories and examined their interactions and outcomes within customary tree ownership. Key findings include the documentation of customary rules governing tree ownership creation, inheritance, distribution, and management practices. Interactions such as adjudication processes, commercialization of forest products, and external policy interventions resulted in positive and negative outcomes. Positive outcomes included enhanced familial ties, community cohesion, increased household income, and a growing population of economically valuable tree species in village forests. Negative outcomes included forest degradation, reduced species diversity, and increased illegal logging caused by weak collective-choice rules, displacement, policy interventions, and market pressures. The study underscores the importance of recognizing customary tree ownership in forested public land as it generates valuable insights for policymakers to promote sustainable forest management and enhance the well-being of the tribals in Jharkhand and beyond.

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引用次数: 0

A comprehensive look at the forest products industry’s economic contribution to the United States: Pre- and post-COVID analysis

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103440

Jagdish Poudel , Ram Dahal

This paper examines the U.S. Forest products industry's economic performance in 2022 compared to pre-COVID-19 levels, highlighting its resilience amid pandemic disruptions. Despite a slight decline of 0.27 % in direct forest product industry jobs, the industry's total value-added increased by 14.46 %, with growth observed in labor income and gross output. However, the extent of changes varied across sectors: while paperboard container manufacturing, paper mills, and sawmills saw substantial value-added increases (23 %, 45.45 %, and 54.66 %, respectively), pulp mills, wood office furniture manufacturing, and stationery product manufacturing experienced declines (6 %, 12.5 %, and 3.4 %, respectively). These findings reveal the uneven changes within the industry and underscore the challenges faced by certain subsectors. Overall, the study reinforces the forest products industry's crucial role in supporting both regional and rural economies. The results provide valuable insights for policymakers and industry professionals, emphasizing the need for targeted support to enhance the sector's resilience and ensure its continued growth and economic contribution.

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引用次数: 0

Effective communication about forests and trees: An analytical framework for communication among segmented audiences

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103429

Lena Riemann

A vast amount of literature from communication science deals with the questions if and how communication can evoke changes in an audience. This is closely related to communicative persuasion and social influence. Based on audience-oriented approaches to media effectiveness, it is argued that in order to be effective, communication efforts have to match the desires and requirements of the audience. In this context, this paper proposes three conditions that must be met for a communication effect to occur: selection, understanding and acceptance of the information. Drawing on approaches from communication science and media effectiveness studies, variables that influence selection, understanding and acceptance are identified and an analytical framework for effective communication is proposed. Based on the framework, survey questions were developed and a survey representative for the German public was conducted in cooperation with Sinus Institute – a market research institute that groups the German public into ten sinus milieus based on common socio-psychological characteristics – to find out about forest-specific communication needs and p for each milieu. The empirical survey results were analyzed and together with already existing material about sinus milieus were fitted into the analytical framework, resulting in templates for effective communication about forest-related topics for each sinus milieu.

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引用次数: 0

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