Forest Policy and Economics最新文献_第2页

Livelihood (in)justice and forest governance in the Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem 孙德尔本斯红树林生态系统的生计正义与森林治理

IF 3.8 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103689

Sujoy Subroto , Conny Davidsen , Amrita Sen

Environmental governance in the Indian Sundarban mangroves has undergone a paradigm shift from colonial resource extraction to contemporary Bengal tiger wildlife conservation and strict harvesting restrictions. However, local forest-dependent dwellers continue to live close to protected tiger reserve areas in small mangrove communities throughout the densely populated and poverty-prone coastal Sundarban region, leading to significant policy challenges at the everyday nexus of conservation regulations and livelihood needs.

Using a tripartite analytical framework of distributive, procedural and recognitional environmental justice, this qualitative case study examines forest livelihood-related justice issues emerging for the local mangrove dwellers despite, and because of, the Sundarban's environmental framework and practices. Empirical fieldwork data was collected through observation, forest field visit, group discussions and semi-structured interviews with forest dwellers and other local forest governance actors in two remote mangrove villages in the Indian Sundarban.

The empirical analysis illustrates significant marginalization effects surrounding the misrecognition of traditional rights, contested wildlife fencing approaches and territorialization, top-down regulations and tiger-human casualties. Procedural justice concerns are identified surrounding forest access, systemic harassment, intransparent and arbitrary use of authority by state agency officials. Distributional justice concerns include commodified Boat License Certificates (BLCs), captive market effects of local moneylenders and rural elite capture in ostensibly decentralized joint forest management.

The findings are then critiqued vis-à-vis the intended policy goals of India's 2006 Forest Rights Act securing local rights, in contrast to which the region's de facto implementation of protected area governance undermines and marginalizes the mangrove dwellers' livelihoods and forest access on the ground.

印度孙德尔本红树林的环境治理经历了从殖民时期的资源开采到当代孟加拉虎野生动物保护和严格的采伐限制的范式转变。然而，在人口密集和贫困易发的沿海孙德班地区，当地依赖森林的居民继续生活在靠近老虎保护区的小型红树林社区，这在保护法规和生计需求的日常联系方面带来了重大的政策挑战。利用分配、程序和认可环境正义的三方分析框架，这一定性案例研究考察了尽管孙德班的环境框架和实践，但当地红树林居民出现的与森林生计相关的正义问题。通过观察、森林实地考察、小组讨论和对印度孙德班两个偏远红树林村庄的森林居民和其他当地森林治理行为者的半结构化访谈，收集了经验实地调查数据。实证分析表明，围绕传统权利的错误认识、有争议的野生动物围栏方法和领土划分、自上而下的法规和老虎与人类的伤亡，存在显著的边缘化效应。程序正义方面的问题包括进入森林、系统性骚扰、国家机构官员不透明和任意使用权力。分配正义问题包括商品化的船只执照证书（blc）、当地放债人的圈地市场效应以及表面上分散的联合森林管理中捕获农村精英。该研究结果随后在-à-vis上对印度2006年《森林权利法案》保护当地权利的预期政策目标提出了批评，与此形成对比的是，该地区实际上实施的保护区治理破坏了红树林居民的生计，并使他们在地面上无法进入森林。

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引用次数: 0

Boreal forests at risk: Absence of climate perspectives in current management policies 处于危险中的北方森林：当前管理政策中缺乏气候视角

IF 3.8 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2026.103713

Els Ribbers , Hanna Lee , Priscilla A. Mooney , Helene Muri , Amy M.P. Oen

Boreal forests influence climate both biogeochemically through carbon uptake and biogeophysically through evapotranspiration, turbulent fluxes and albedo, and are in turn impacted by climate through biotic and abiotic damages. This systematic literature review and qualitative narrative policy review and analysis aims to get a better insight into the discrepancy between policy and science on forestry action to mitigate climate warming in high latitude jurisdictions. We identify climate effects on and from forests with corresponding management options in a systematic review of scientific literature following PRISMA guidelines. These results were combined with a qualitative policy review and analysis to identify the climate and forestry policies from all boreal-to-Arctic jurisdictions and determine how (many of) these climate effects ended up in forest and climate policy. There is mounting evidence that in boreal regions, albedo-driven warming can partially offset, and in some contexts be comparable to, carbon-driven cooling; the balance varies by season, forest type and disturbance history. However, although all analysed jurisdictions (Alaska, Canada, European Union, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Russia) recognise the forests' role in carbon uptake, none recognise the albedo effect, and none translate these climate effect into binding regulatory measures. Nor do most of the jurisdictions take into account possible risk of climate-related damages. This might lead to ineffective and even adverse forest and climate measures. Our study emphasises a need for more evidence-based and comprehensive climate and forestry policies and regulations, along with a proactive approach to adopting these measures swiftly.

寒带森林通过碳吸收在生物地球化学上影响气候，通过蒸散、湍流通量和反照率在生物地球物理上影响气候，反过来又通过生物和非生物损害受到气候的影响。本文通过系统的文献综述和定性的政策回顾与分析，旨在更好地了解高纬度地区林业减缓气候变暖行动的政策与科学之间的差异。我们根据PRISMA的指导方针，通过对科学文献的系统回顾，确定了气候对森林的影响和来自森林的相应管理方案。这些结果与定性政策审查和分析相结合，以确定所有北方到北极管辖区的气候和林业政策，并确定这些气候影响最终如何影响森林和气候政策。越来越多的证据表明，在北方地区，反照率驱动的变暖可以部分抵消，在某些情况下可以与碳驱动的变冷相媲美；平衡因季节、森林类型和干扰历史而异。然而，尽管所有被分析的司法管辖区（阿拉斯加、加拿大、欧盟、瑞典、芬兰、冰岛、挪威和俄罗斯）都认识到森林在碳吸收中的作用，但没有一个认识到反照率效应，也没有一个将这些气候效应转化为具有约束力的监管措施。大多数司法管辖区也没有考虑到气候相关损害的可能风险。这可能导致无效甚至不利的森林和气候措施。我们的研究强调，需要制定更多以证据为基础的、全面的气候和林业政策法规，同时采取积极主动的方法，迅速采取这些措施。

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引用次数: 0

Calibrating a regional growth and yield model for statewide forest carbon assessment in four common forest types in Minnesota, USA 美国明尼苏达州四种常见森林类型的区域生长和产量模型在全州森林碳评估中的校准

IF 3.8 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2026.103710

Matthew B. Russell , John M. Zobel , David C. Wilson , Marcella A. Windmuller-Campione , Tyler S. Gifford , John DuPlissis , Christopher B. Edgar

Understanding how forest carbon is stored and sequestered requires a quantitative understanding of how different forest management strategies shape the structure and composition of forests. Essential to this includes parameterizing growth and yield models to depict complex silvicultural strategies and calibrating them to localized stand conditions and growth observations. This project used Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data as inputs to the Lake States variant of the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS-LS) to calibrate and forecast forest carbon attributes in Minnesota, USA for 100 years across the four most commonly managed forest types in the state (aspen/birch, red pine, northern hardwoods, and lowland conifers) and four forest management scenarios: (1) no management, (2) business as usual, (3), economic intensive, and (4) climate-adapted. Previous measurements collected from trees on FIA plots were used to calibrate the mortality and growth modifiers and add an appropriate number of regenerating trees to the FVS-LS simulations to closely approximate forest development observed in Minnesota. Simulations showed that forests in the no management and climate-adapted scenarios generally contained the greatest carbon stocks (including above and belowground carbon in the forest and in harvested wood products) at the end of the 100-year simulation. Across the 100-year simulation for all four forest types, average carbon stock change was highest in the climate-adapted and no management scenarios (1.36 and 1.26 Mg CO₂-eq ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, respectively) followed by business as usual and economic intensive scenarios (1.20 and 0.78 Mg CO₂-eq ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, respectively).These results show the opportunity for calibrating existing growth and yield models for forest carbon assessments and how different forest management scenarios can lead to divergent forest carbon outcomes when simulated on a statewide basis.

了解森林碳是如何储存和封存的，需要定量地了解不同的森林管理战略如何影响森林的结构和组成。这包括参数化生长和产量模型，以描述复杂的造林策略，并根据当地的林分条件和生长观察对其进行校准。本项目使用森林清盘与分析（FIA）数据作为湖泊州森林植被模拟器（FVS-LS）的输入，对美国明尼苏达州100年的森林碳属性进行了校准和预测，包括该州最常用的四种森林类型（白杨/桦木、红松、北方硬木和低地针叶林）和四种森林管理情景：(1)无管理、(2)照常经营、(3)经济密集型和(4)气候适应型。先前从FIA样地收集的树木测量数据用于校准死亡率和生长调节剂，并在FVS-LS模拟中添加适当数量的再生树木，以接近明尼苏达州观察到的森林发育。模拟表明，在100年模拟结束时，无管理和气候适应情景下的森林通常含有最大的碳储量（包括森林中的地上和地下碳以及采伐木材产品中的碳）。在所有四种森林类型的100年模拟中，气候适应和无管理情景的平均碳储量变化最高（分别为1.36和1.26 Mg CO2-eq ha−1年−1），其次是正常经营和经济密集型情景（分别为1.20和0.78 Mg CO2-eq ha−1年−1）。这些结果显示了校准现有森林碳评估生长和产量模型的机会，以及在全国范围内模拟不同的森林管理方案如何导致不同的森林碳结果。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Adopting the palm oil moratorium under external pressure: Indonesia's response to the EU's RED II” [Forest Policy and Economics, Volume 182 (January 2026), Article 103692] “在外部压力下采用棕榈油暂停：印度尼西亚对欧盟RED II的回应”的更正[森林政策与经济，第182卷（2026年1月），第103692条]

IF 3.8 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2026.103697

Wahyu Wulandari , Testriono , Moch Faisal Karim

引用次数: 0

Mapping of a field: A systematic review of reviews on forestry and the forest-based sector in Europe 实地测绘：对欧洲林业和以森林为基础的部门的审查进行系统审查

IF 3.8 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103693

M. Moure , C.-E. Pless , M. Lovrić , A. Giurca , O. Brendel , I. Zivojinovic , J. García-Jaca , J. Chalard , S. Krajter Ostoić , A. Sergent , D. Vuletić , N. Strange

This study applies PRISMA guidelines to map and analyze trends and patterns in evidence synthesis within the field of Forestry and Forest-based Sector (F&FS). Given the role of evidence synthesis in shaping research priorities and informing policy, the study investigates potential biases in evidence synthesized by examining different forms of synthesis (i.e. systematic and non-systematic), topics covered and geographical distribution of underpinning studies. Following a thorough expert-led classification of F&FS topics, we identified 35,015 reviews from Europe, of which 642 were systematic. Although rapidly growing, systematic literature reviews (SLRs) still account for under 1% of all scientific production in F&FS (∼5% of all evidence synthesis). Reviewed topics are dominated by management, biodiversity and climate change, even though the field is sprawling away from core silviculture themes and into more transdisciplinary issues. However, SLRs are more abundant in health-related and social science topics compared to non-systematic reviews, while syntheses of forest technologies and forest products are underrepresented. We also find an uneven geographical distribution of systematized evidence, South-eastern Europe the least and Mediterranean-Northern-Western Europe the most represented. Factors best explaining observed patterns are investment in Research & Development and economic contribution of value in million US dollars added in the forest sector. Our results show evidence synthesis within the F&FS field comes with structural biases in selected research themes, geographical distribution, and methodological approaches. The resulting partial understanding of the knowledge base may influence not only scientific agendas but also policy priorities, assuming such evidence is taken up by policymakers.

本研究应用PRISMA准则来绘制和分析林业和林基部门（F&；FS）领域证据综合的趋势和模式。鉴于证据综合在形成研究重点和为政策提供信息方面的作用，本研究通过检查不同形式的综合（即系统的和非系统的）、涵盖的主题和基础研究的地理分布来调查证据综合的潜在偏差。根据专家对食品和食品安全主题的全面分类，我们确定了来自欧洲的35,015条评论，其中642条是系统的。尽管快速增长，系统性文献综述（slr）仍然占F&；FS所有科学产出的不到1%（占所有证据合成的约5%）。尽管该领域正在从核心的森林栽培主题扩展到更多的跨学科问题，但审查的主题主要是管理、生物多样性和气候变化。然而，与非系统综述相比，slr在健康和社会科学主题方面更为丰富，而森林技术和森林产品的综合则代表性不足。我们还发现系统化证据的地理分布不均匀，东南欧最少，地中海-西北欧最具代表性。最能解释所观察到的模式的因素是对研究和开发的投资以及以百万美元为单位的森林部门增加的经济贡献。我们的研究结果表明，金融服务领域的证据综合在选择的研究主题、地理分布和方法方法上存在结构性偏差。由此产生的对知识库的部分理解可能不仅会影响科学议程，还会影响政策优先事项，前提是决策者采纳了这些证据。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of extreme disturbance events on the economic attractiveness of stand types: A Monte Carlo simulation-based study 极端干扰事件对林分类型经济吸引力的影响：基于蒙特卡罗模拟的研究

IF 3.8 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2026.103696

Reyhaneh Farahani , Jonathan Fibich , Johannes Mohr , Cornelius Senf , Thomas Knoke

Climate change and the increasing frequency of extreme disturbance events pose major challenges for sustainable forest management. Quantifying the economic impacts of such events is essential for developing adaptive strategies. We present a comparative stand-level assessment framework that evaluates land expectation value (LEV) and conditional value at risk (CVaR, the average of the worst 5% of LEV outcomes) by explicitly integrating rare disturbance events into forest economic simulations. Probabilities for extreme disturbances were estimated using Taylor's law, which links the mean and variance of disturbance rates, and were combined with Monte Carlo simulations for four major Central European tree species and a mixed stand under different climate scenarios. Our analysis distinguishes between background mortality (hazards predicted by established statistical survival models) and extreme disturbances (low-probability, high-impact events), providing a comprehensive economic assessment. Results show that including extreme disturbances substantially reduces LEV and worsens CVaR, with large variation across stand types. Norway spruce is most affected, with additional LEV losses above €3000 ha⁻¹ and CVaR declines up to €7000 ha⁻¹. Douglas fir maintains high mean returns but faces considerable downside risk (CVaR declines up to €3600 ha⁻¹). Silver fir and mixed stand experience moderate impacts, while European beech performs worst, with consistently low or negative returns. By integrating disturbance probabilities into forest economics, this study quantifies both expected and worst-case outcomes. The findings suggest that while Douglas fir remains profitable on average, silver fir and mixed stand tend to provide a more balanced performance under future disturbance regimes, although broader conclusions require landscape-level analysis.

气候变化和极端干扰事件日益频繁对可持续森林管理构成重大挑战。量化此类事件的经济影响对于制定适应性战略至关重要。我们提出了一个比较林分水平的评估框架，通过明确地将罕见的干扰事件整合到森林经济模拟中，来评估土地期望价值（LEV）和条件风险价值（CVaR， LEV结果最差的5%的平均值）。利用泰勒定律（将扰动率的均值和方差联系起来）估计极端扰动的概率，并结合蒙特卡罗模拟，对中欧四种主要树种和不同气候情景下的混合林分进行了模拟。我们的分析区分了背景死亡率（由已建立的统计生存模型预测的危害）和极端干扰（低概率、高影响事件），提供了全面的经济评估。结果表明，极端干扰显著降低了林分LEV，使CVaR恶化，且林分类型差异较大。挪威云杉受影响最大，额外的LEV损失超过3000公顷- 1欧元，CVaR下降高达7000公顷- 1欧元。花旗松保持着较高的平均回报，但面临着相当大的下行风险（CVaR下降至3600欧元/公顷）。银杉和混交林受到的影响较小，而欧洲山毛榉表现最差，持续低回报或负回报。通过将干扰概率整合到森林经济学中，本研究量化了预期结果和最坏结果。研究结果表明，虽然花旗松平均而言仍然有利可图，但在未来的干扰制度下，银杉和混合林分倾向于提供更平衡的表现，尽管更广泛的结论需要景观层面的分析。

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引用次数: 0

Social, economic, and policy aspects of cross-laminated timber: A review of emerging literature and future research needs 交叉层压木材的社会、经济和政策方面：新兴文献和未来研究需求的综述

IF 3.8 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103695

Alexander Bremner , Neelam C. Poudyal , Prakash Nepal , Consuelo Brandeis , Adam Taylor , Richard Bergman

Production of Cross-laminated timber (CLT), which is the most widely used mass timber product, for use in large-scale building construction has been increasing as an alternative to traditional building materials. While knowledge on the environmental and engineering aspects of mass timber, such as CLT, has been well documented in wood science and engineering literature, little is established regarding the social, economic, and policy aspects. Peer-reviewed publications were examined to establish current knowledge and future research gaps for cross-laminated timber and mass timber systems. Research on these aspects of mass timber is emerging but remains isolated and sporadic. This article synthesizes current research on these topics and identifies future research needs. Remaining gaps include product and lifecycle cost, regional impacts, recyclability, carbon credit potential, small diameter timber and hardwood lumber utilization, policy and incentive programs, and current public perception of cross-laminated timber and mass timber in general. Findings from this study will benefit researchers and other stakeholders in the wood industry and offer guidance on future research opportunities.

作为传统建筑材料的替代品，用于大型建筑施工的交叉层压木材（CLT）的生产日益增加，这是使用最广泛的大量木材产品。虽然在木材科学和工程文献中对大量木材（如CLT）的环境和工程方面的知识有很好的记录，但关于社会、经济和政策方面的知识却很少。审查了同行评议的出版物，以确定交叉层压木材和大规模木材系统的当前知识和未来研究差距。对大量木材的这些方面的研究正在出现，但仍然是孤立和零星的。本文综合了这些主题的当前研究，并确定了未来的研究需求。其余的差距包括产品和生命周期成本、区域影响、可回收性、碳信用潜力、小直径木材和硬木木材的利用、政策和激励计划，以及目前公众对交叉层压木材和大型木材的总体看法。这项研究的结果将有利于木材行业的研究人员和其他利益相关者，并为未来的研究机会提供指导。

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引用次数: 0

The king's laws yield to village customs: An exploratory study of relational contracting in sustainable forestry 王法屈服于乡俗：可持续林业关系承包的探索性研究

IF 3.8 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103694

Santiago Velasquez , Thi Nhu-Mai Nong , Quynh Phuong Nguyen , Sundar Venkatesh

Vietnam's forestry sector faces unique governance challenges due to a landscape characterized by highly dispersed smallholder ownership, contrasting with concession-based models. As international markets increasingly demand sustainability certifications (e.g. FSC or PEFC), cost and complexity deter most smallholders, prompting wood processing firms to finance certification themselves. Such investments of processing firms can be at risk of opportunistic behaviour by smallholders who may side-sell at harvest. The risk can be compounded by weak legal enforcement. Drawing on transaction-cost economics and network theory, we employ a relational contracting lens to examine how such agreements persist. We analyse 15 key stakeholder interviews and six documents. We find evidence that contract stability rests less on legal stipulations and more on relational mechanisms: flexible contingent terms, co-investment in technical capacity, and embedded governance via local authorities and social networks. These informal institutions and networked enforcement substitute for formal mechanisms, enabling sustainable long-term contracting in emerging markets.

与特许经营模式形成鲜明对比的是，越南的林业部门面临着独特的治理挑战，其特点是小农所有权高度分散。由于国际市场越来越需要可持续性认证（例如FSC或PEFC），成本和复杂性使大多数小农户望而却步，促使木材加工公司自己资助认证。加工企业的这种投资可能会受到小农的投机行为的影响，他们可能会在收获时进行侧卖。执法不力可能会加剧这种风险。利用交易成本经济学和网络理论，我们采用关系契约的视角来研究这种协议是如何持续的。我们分析了15个关键利益相关者访谈和6个文件。我们发现证据表明，合同稳定性较少依赖法律规定，而更多地依赖关系机制：灵活的或有条款、技术能力的共同投资，以及通过地方当局和社会网络进行的嵌入式治理。这些非正式机构和网络化的执法取代了正式机制，使新兴市场能够实现可持续的长期合同。

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引用次数: 0

Hidden inequality: Rethinking non-timber forest products for bioeconomic development in Southwest China 隐性不平等：对西南地区非用材林产品生物经济发展的再思考

IF 3.8 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103691

Jiping Wang , Jun He

While NTFPs (Non-timber forest products) sustain livelihoods for billions worldwide, their role in bioeconomy transitions remains understudied, particularly regarding dynamic market mechanisms and equitable outcomes. This study addresses this gap by analyzing walnut production in southwest China through a dynamic value chain perspective, using an “Actor-Profit-Mechanisms” framework to trace walnut flows in 2015 and 2022. The research provides a fine-grained analysis of an upstream section of the walnut value chain to highlight how market fluctuations and institutional structures reshape access and redistribute benefits across actors. The findings reveal three hidden inequalities: 1) persistent profit outflow from farmers due to weak market positioning; 2) cascading costs and risks disproportionately burdening smallholders; and 3) social relationship distortions tied to price fluctuations, where power dynamics shift between actors. These inequalities become more pronounced and intensify during periods of sharp price decline, as they are rooted in farmers' dispersed resources, hierarchical value-chain structures, and reliance on informal social capital. The study challenges assumptions of NTFPs as a panacea for poverty alleviation in the transition to bioeconomy, highlighting how a dynamic perspective can deepen the understanding of the systemic vulnerabilities. To enhance equity, policy interventions must prioritize local value chain upgrades, such as fostering processing enterprises, diversifying products, and establishing risk-mitigation mechanisms.

虽然非木材林产品维持着全球数十亿人的生计，但它们在生物经济转型中的作用仍未得到充分研究，特别是在动态市场机制和公平结果方面。本研究通过动态价值链视角分析了中国西南地区的核桃生产，利用“行动者-利润机制”框架追踪了2015年和2022年的核桃流量，从而弥补了这一差距。该研究对核桃价值链的上游部分进行了细致的分析，以突出市场波动和制度结构如何重塑准入，并在参与者之间重新分配利益。研究结果揭示了三个隐藏的不平等现象：1)由于市场定位薄弱，农民的利润持续外流；2)连锁成本和风险给小农造成了不成比例的负担；3)与价格波动有关的社会关系扭曲，其中权力动态在行动者之间转移。这些不平等在价格急剧下跌期间变得更加明显和加剧，因为它们的根源在于农民分散的资源、等级化的价值链结构以及对非正式社会资本的依赖。该研究挑战了将非森林保护区作为向生物经济转型过程中减轻贫困的灵丹妙药的假设，强调了动态视角如何加深对系统性脆弱性的理解。为了促进公平，政策干预必须优先考虑本地价值链升级，如培育加工企业、实现产品多样化和建立风险缓解机制。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating barriers to afforestation in Ireland: Insights from a choice experiment survey 调查爱尔兰植树造林的障碍：来自选择实验调查的见解

IF 3.8 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103687

Laqiqige Zhu, Martha O'Hagan-Luff

Afforestation is a key strategy for climate and biodiversity goals, yet uptake in Ireland remains low. This study uses a Choice Experiment to quantify Irish farmers' willingness to accept afforestation incentives under varying contract conditions. Employing Random Parameter Logit and Latent Class models, we find strong resistance to afforestation, primarily driven by two factors: legal irreversibility, captured by mandatory replanting obligations, and financial insecurity, linked to the short duration of support payments. Farmers demand significantly higher compensation for contracts with replanting requirements and for shorter payment terms compared to longer, more secure alternatives. Farmers prefer native over spruce-dominated forests, though preferences vary across segments. Our results reveal substantial preference heterogeneity, indicating farmers differ markedly in their motivations and sensitivities to contract attributes. These findings suggest that improving afforestation uptake will require moving beyond uniform incentives toward tailored contract structures that enhance land-use flexibility, extend support over longer timeframes, and accommodate diverse farmer profiles.

植树造林是实现气候和生物多样性目标的一项关键战略，但爱尔兰的植树造林覆盖率仍然很低。本研究使用选择实验来量化爱尔兰农民在不同合同条件下接受造林激励的意愿。通过使用随机参数Logit和潜在类别模型，我们发现对植树造林的强烈抵制主要由两个因素驱动：法律上的不可逆性，由强制性重新种植义务引起，以及与支持付款持续时间短有关的财务不安全。与更长期、更安全的替代方案相比，农民要求的补偿费要高得多，付款期限也要短得多。与云杉为主的森林相比，农民更喜欢原生森林，尽管不同地区的偏好有所不同。我们的研究结果显示了显著的偏好异质性，表明农民的动机和对契约属性的敏感性存在显著差异。这些研究结果表明，改善造林吸收将需要超越统一的激励措施，转向有针对性的合同结构，以提高土地使用的灵活性，在更长的时间框架内提供支持，并适应不同的农民情况。

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引用次数: 0