Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103297
Lilian Arthur , Godwin Kofi Vondolia , Isaac Dasmani
Forest restoration has become a worldwide phenomenon to minimise the effects of climate change and global warming. However, in most cases, especially in Africa, communities around forests usually have a cultural attachment to these forests. Consequently, the preferences of fringing communities are important to ensure sustainable forest management. However, there seems to be a lack of understanding about how superstition may affect the attitudes of local communities towards forest restoration. This study aimed to examine the effect of superstition on household attitudes and preferences for restoring the Bonsa River Forest Reserve. Primary data was collected from 611 respondents in the Prestea-Huni Valley Municipality in the Western Region of Ghana and were analysed using mixed logit (ML) and generalized multinomial logit (G-MNL) models. The findings revealed that very superstitious respondents preferred the tree species attributes but did not prefer the soil amendment, backfilling of mined-out areas and biodiversity attributes. These results indicate that local community superstitions should be incorporated into the planning and decision-making process regarding forest restoration management.
{"title":"Superstition and attitudes towards restoration of a mining-degraded forest reserve: Evidence from Ghana","authors":"Lilian Arthur , Godwin Kofi Vondolia , Isaac Dasmani","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Forest restoration has become a worldwide phenomenon to minimise the effects of climate change and global warming. However, in most cases, especially in Africa, communities around forests usually have a cultural attachment to these forests. Consequently, the preferences of fringing communities are important to ensure sustainable forest management. However, there seems to be a lack of understanding about how superstition may affect the attitudes of local communities towards forest restoration. This study aimed to examine the effect of superstition on household attitudes and preferences for restoring the Bonsa River Forest Reserve. Primary data was collected from 611 respondents in the Prestea-Huni Valley Municipality in the Western Region of Ghana and were analysed using mixed logit (ML) and generalized multinomial logit (G-MNL) models. The findings revealed that very superstitious respondents preferred the tree species attributes but did not prefer the soil amendment, backfilling of mined-out areas and biodiversity attributes. These results indicate that local community superstitions should be incorporated into the planning and decision-making process regarding forest restoration management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 103297"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141769249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103299
Nicholas P. Ndlovu , Tendai M. Nzuma
Street Level Bureaucrats (SLBs) play a crucial role as frontline public officials tasked with implementing policies on the ground. Despite their significance, the specific challenges that they face in the context of agroforestry policy implementation remain understudied. This research aims to fill this gap by investigating the challenges and coping strategies of the SLBs who implement agroforestry policies in Namibia. In addition, we aim to understand how these coping strategies hinder or facilitate the implementation of agroforestry. Drawing upon Lipsky’s theory of Street Level Bureaucracy, a qualitative research approach was employed which included document analysis, on-field observation, and interviews. We interviewed eighteen (18) SLBs from the Forestry and Agriculture departments across five regions in Namibia. The findings show that organisational settings, personal norms, and coping strategies of rationing, husbanding and ambidexterity influence policy implementation and consequently the outcomes of agroforestry initiatives. The study emphasizes the critical role of government support, clear policy formulation, resource alignment, and creating an enabling environment to empower SLBs in their implementation activities. Furthermore, this study contributes to exploring Lipsky’s Street-Level Bureaucracy theory within the context of agroforestry policy implementation, and in settings that are similar to Namibia. We conclude that while the theory offers valuable insights, it may not fully capture the complexity of policy implementation in these contexts, especially considering the influence of informal factors. Acknowledging this, future research should consider integrating the informal and cultural context to better address these complexities.
{"title":"The implementation of agroforestry in Namibia: A street-level bureaucracy perspective","authors":"Nicholas P. Ndlovu , Tendai M. Nzuma","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Street Level Bureaucrats (SLBs) play a crucial role as frontline public officials tasked with implementing policies on the ground. Despite their significance, the specific challenges that they face in the context of agroforestry policy implementation remain understudied. This research aims to fill this gap by investigating the challenges and coping strategies of the SLBs who implement agroforestry policies in Namibia. In addition, we aim to understand how these coping strategies hinder or facilitate the implementation of agroforestry. Drawing upon Lipsky’s theory of Street Level Bureaucracy, a qualitative research approach was employed which included document analysis, on-field observation, and interviews. We interviewed eighteen (18) SLBs from the Forestry and Agriculture departments across five regions in Namibia. The findings show that organisational settings, personal norms, and coping strategies of rationing, husbanding and ambidexterity influence policy implementation and consequently the outcomes of agroforestry initiatives. The study emphasizes the critical role of government support, clear policy formulation, resource alignment, and creating an enabling environment to empower SLBs in their implementation activities. Furthermore, this study contributes to exploring Lipsky’s Street-Level Bureaucracy theory within the context of agroforestry policy implementation, and in settings that are similar to Namibia. We conclude that while the theory offers valuable insights, it may not fully capture the complexity of policy implementation in these contexts, especially considering the influence of informal factors. Acknowledging this, future research should consider integrating the informal and cultural context to better address these complexities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 103299"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934124001539/pdfft?md5=f27ab5602d234f3775eb9b3aa6b6ccba&pid=1-s2.0-S1389934124001539-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141769248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103300
Peter Deegen, Andreas Halbritter
A significant segment of the variety of forest ecosystem services is neither demanded nor supplied through market exchange, but is provided essentially through political processes. In this paper, we present an economic analysis of forest stand management under consideration of politically provided ecosystem services. In this, competition between pressure groups seeking to grasp privileges plays an important role. We extend the Hartman model with elements of the pressure group models. We incorporate the amount of the reward derived from the political contest, the effectiveness factor of the forest owner in the political competition and the lobbying investment made by the forest owner. We show that the competition amongst pressure groups has a profound impact on the optimal rotation length compared to the classical solution by Faustmann. We discuss, how the competition amongst pressure groups shapes the optimal rotation length when forest stand management provides multiple forest ecosystem services. We also address the levels of the reward derived from the political contest and the effectiveness factor in the context of the urban–rural interface.
{"title":"The influence of the competition amongst pressure groups to provide ecosystem services on the optimal rotation length of forest stands","authors":"Peter Deegen, Andreas Halbritter","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A significant segment of the variety of forest ecosystem services is neither demanded nor supplied through market exchange, but is provided essentially through political processes. In this paper, we present an economic analysis of forest stand management under consideration of politically provided ecosystem services. In this, competition between pressure groups seeking to grasp privileges plays an important role. We extend the Hartman model with elements of the pressure group models. We incorporate the amount of the reward derived from the political contest, the effectiveness factor of the forest owner in the political competition and the lobbying investment made by the forest owner. We show that the competition amongst pressure groups has a profound impact on the optimal rotation length compared to the classical solution by Faustmann. We discuss, how the competition amongst pressure groups shapes the optimal rotation length when forest stand management provides multiple forest ecosystem services. We also address the levels of the reward derived from the political contest and the effectiveness factor in the context of the urban–rural interface.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 103300"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141769250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103296
Jesse D. Henderson , Robert C. Abt , Karen L. Abt
Increased demands for timber products remove carbon from forests, however previous literature has suggested that higher resulting prices could spur forestland expansion, ameliorating the forest carbon impacts. We examine the impacts on forest carbon from harvest increases with an empirical forest sector model, coupled with an econometric model of endogenous land use change that differentiates the impacts of population, income, and pine plantation rents among forest management types and non-forest land uses. We explore the sensitivity of forest area and carbon to a suite of scenarios by varying timber product demands combined with a sensitivity analysis on pine plantation responses to pine plantation rents. The econometric results show that pine plantation rents lead to increases in pine plantation area and that all non-urban land uses are negatively related to both per capita income and population. Scenario projections show that (1) higher pulpwood demands driven by wood pellets lead to lower forest carbon outcomes; (2) higher sawtimber demands exacerbate the known cycles in sawtimber prices and result in corresponding cycles in forest area and carbon. All scenarios show increases in forest carbon over time, though some scenarios increase faster than others. Within the study period, the highest forest carbon level is achieved by the high sawtimber demand and low pulpwood demand scenario. Long term growth cycles over the course of the projection period, however, lead to alternating forest carbon outcomes, indicating that conclusions about forest carbon depend on the projection length.
{"title":"Forest carbon under increasing product demand and land use change in the US Southeast","authors":"Jesse D. Henderson , Robert C. Abt , Karen L. Abt","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Increased demands for timber products remove carbon from forests, however previous literature has suggested that higher resulting prices could spur forestland expansion, ameliorating the forest carbon impacts. We examine the impacts on forest carbon from harvest increases with an empirical forest sector model, coupled with an econometric model of endogenous land use change that differentiates the impacts of population, income, and pine plantation rents among forest management types and non-forest land uses. We explore the sensitivity of forest area and carbon to a suite of scenarios by varying timber product demands combined with a sensitivity analysis on pine plantation responses to pine plantation rents. The econometric results show that pine plantation rents lead to increases in pine plantation area and that all non-urban land uses are negatively related to both per capita income and population. Scenario projections show that (1) higher pulpwood demands driven by wood pellets lead to lower forest carbon outcomes; (2) higher sawtimber demands exacerbate the known cycles in sawtimber prices and result in corresponding cycles in forest area and carbon. All scenarios show increases in forest carbon over time, though some scenarios increase faster than others. Within the study period, the highest forest carbon level is achieved by the high sawtimber demand and low pulpwood demand scenario. Long term growth cycles over the course of the projection period, however, lead to alternating forest carbon outcomes, indicating that conclusions about forest carbon depend on the projection length.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 103296"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141729362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-27DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103283
Laura Alonso , Juan Picos , Maria del Carmen Iglesias-Pérez , David Iglesias-González , Julia Armesto
In order to have sustainable wood value chains, it is essential to understand the factors that determine the incorporation of wood resources into them. Forest contractors are among the key players in this process. This study evaluates the preferences of forest contractors when purchasing forest parcels. The variables considered are: slope of the terrain, distance to the nearest road, parcel size, parcel shape, and the fragmentation of the surrounding land. The study area is Galicia, a region in northwestern Spain that is dominated by small-scale family forestry. An Attribute Levels Survey was designed to establish threshold values of the considered variables to afterwards perform a Choice Based Conjoint Analysis (CBCA). The CBCA allowed to analyze the preferences of forest contractors in relation to the values of these variables and their relative importance. Also, it allowed to generate a map of the level of preference for all the Galician forest parcels with individual, private ownership. The most noteworthy result of this survey was that size greatly impacts the preference of timber contractors, preceded by slope and followed by distance to roads. These results will aid in the design of landscape-scale policies in a geospatial dimension, like the promotion of forest associations, and will lead to an improvement in the sustainability of wood supply.
{"title":"Deciphering the plot preferences of forest contractors when purchasing stumpage through conjoint analysis","authors":"Laura Alonso , Juan Picos , Maria del Carmen Iglesias-Pérez , David Iglesias-González , Julia Armesto","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In order to have sustainable wood value chains, it is essential to understand the factors that determine the incorporation of wood resources into them. Forest contractors are among the key players in this process. This study evaluates the preferences of forest contractors when purchasing forest parcels. The variables considered are: slope of the terrain, distance to the nearest road, parcel size, parcel shape, and the fragmentation of the surrounding land. The study area is Galicia, a region in northwestern Spain that is dominated by small-scale family forestry<em>.</em> An Attribute Levels Survey was designed to establish threshold values of the considered variables to afterwards perform a Choice Based Conjoint Analysis (CBCA). The CBCA allowed to analyze the preferences of forest contractors in relation to the values of these variables and their relative importance. Also, it allowed to generate a map of the level of preference for all the Galician forest parcels with individual, private ownership. The most noteworthy result of this survey was that size greatly impacts the preference of timber contractors, preceded by slope and followed by distance to roads. These results will aid in the design of landscape-scale policies in a geospatial dimension, like the promotion of forest associations, and will lead to an improvement in the sustainability of wood supply.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 103283"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934124001370/pdfft?md5=23b672c837e46665bff2233e9b78f1b0&pid=1-s2.0-S1389934124001370-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141464109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-26DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103249
Vesa-Pekka Parkatti , Antti Suominen , Olli Tahvonen , Pekka Malo
We study the optimal enhancement of forest carbon sinks via forest management changes in boreal even-aged Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forests. The economic–ecological stand-level optimization model integrates a statistical–empirical individual-tree growth model with a comprehensive model for carbon in living trees, wood products, and soil. We use reinforcement learning to optimize for rotation length, thinning timing, and thinning intensity. Carbon dioxide (CO2) pricing has a notable effect on the optimal solutions and on the corresponding CO2 flows and carbon stocks. Under a 1% interest rate, increasing the CO2 price from zero to €100 increases the discounted carbon sink by 83% and the total steady-state carbon stock by 122%. Increasing the CO2 price decreases the economic significance of thinning, and, with a high enough CO2 price, the stand is harvested only with clear-cuts, which are further postponed by CO2 price increases. Decreasing stand volume or total C stock cannot be taken as a sign of an overly mature stand. Depending on the CO2 price and interest rate, the economic benefit–cost ratio of additional carbon sinks via forest management changes varies between 1.9 and 3.7. Overall, the results reveal a high potential to increase the role of boreal managed forests in climate change mitigation.
{"title":"Assessing economic benefits and costs of carbon sinks in boreal rotation forestry","authors":"Vesa-Pekka Parkatti , Antti Suominen , Olli Tahvonen , Pekka Malo","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study the optimal enhancement of forest carbon sinks <em>via</em> forest management changes in boreal even-aged Scots pine (<em>Pinus sylvestris</em>) forests. The economic–ecological stand-level optimization model integrates a statistical–empirical individual-tree growth model with a comprehensive model for carbon in living trees, wood products, and soil. We use reinforcement learning to optimize for rotation length, thinning timing, and thinning intensity. Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) pricing has a notable effect on the optimal solutions and on the corresponding CO<sub>2</sub> flows and carbon stocks. Under a 1% interest rate, increasing the CO<sub>2</sub> price from zero to €100 increases the discounted carbon sink by 83% and the total steady-state carbon stock by 122%. Increasing the CO<sub>2</sub> price decreases the economic significance of thinning, and, with a high enough CO<sub>2</sub> price, the stand is harvested only with clear-cuts, which are further postponed by CO<sub>2</sub> price increases. Decreasing stand volume or total C stock cannot be taken as a sign of an overly mature stand. Depending on the CO<sub>2</sub> price and interest rate, the economic benefit–cost ratio of additional carbon sinks <em>via</em> forest management changes varies between 1.9 and 3.7. Overall, the results reveal a high potential to increase the role of boreal managed forests in climate change mitigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 103249"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934124001035/pdfft?md5=2f225c800cdcac6c9bbe4d689bc23a9a&pid=1-s2.0-S1389934124001035-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141464126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-22DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103280
Yeshimebet Ayele Tegenie , Robert Sparrow , Erwin Bulte , Frans Bongers
The types of tenurial arrangements and incentives appropriate for the sustainable management of common pool resources (CPRs), such as forests, remain a topic of debate. In this study, we aim to (i) investigate the extraction level of forest resources under short and long-term property rights, and (ii) evaluate the effectiveness of introducing mechanisms that leverage reputation and feelings of guilt in promoting cooperation among CPR users with short-term property rights to reduce over-harvesting. We develop a simple theoretical model to predict the optimal extraction level of a shared forest resource and validate the predictions using data from a framed field experiment conducted in rural Ethiopia. Our findings demonstrate that extraction levels under short-term property rights are higher compared to long-term property rights, aligning with the model predictions. Leveraging reputation and feelings of guilt is effective in bridging the gap in extraction intensity between short- and long-term property rights. However, as implementing reputation requires reliable monitoring that can be costly and challenging in the study context, we propose extending the duration of property rights over shared forest resources as a preferred strategy for curtailing over-extraction.
{"title":"Exploring the impact of tenure arrangements and incentives on sustainable forest use: Evidence from a framed-field experiment in Ethiopia","authors":"Yeshimebet Ayele Tegenie , Robert Sparrow , Erwin Bulte , Frans Bongers","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The types of tenurial arrangements and incentives appropriate for the sustainable management of common pool resources (CPRs), such as forests, remain a topic of debate. In this study, we aim to (i) investigate the extraction level of forest resources under short and long-term property rights, and (ii) evaluate the effectiveness of introducing mechanisms that leverage reputation and feelings of guilt in promoting cooperation among CPR users with short-term property rights to reduce over-harvesting. We develop a simple theoretical model to predict the optimal extraction level of a shared forest resource and validate the predictions using data from a framed field experiment conducted in rural Ethiopia. Our findings demonstrate that extraction levels under short-term property rights are higher compared to long-term property rights, aligning with the model predictions. Leveraging reputation and feelings of guilt is effective in bridging the gap in extraction intensity between short- and long-term property rights. However, as implementing reputation requires reliable monitoring that can be costly and challenging in the study context, we propose extending the duration of property rights over shared forest resources as a preferred strategy for curtailing over-extraction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 103280"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934124001345/pdfft?md5=17fac6af3dc12b4e12f2d79a9e78d40d&pid=1-s2.0-S1389934124001345-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141439284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-21DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103282
Suyeon Min , Hansol Lee , Jeongeun Son , Mi Sun Park
Forests play a pivotal role in delivering diverse ecosystem services, underscoring the need for effective care and management. Ecosystem service management recognizes the importance of integrating forestry within a broader framework that encompasses rural development, agriculture, landscape management, and environmental protection. This study focuses on structural policy coordination for forest management in the legal system requiring multiple actors' obligations with the case of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) by examining the relevant laws. We examined the selected 223 forest-related articles from 56 laws. Forest-related articles were categorized into three ecosystem services—provisioning, supporting and regulating, and cultural services— and analyzed focusing on deontic and actor-oriented meaning based on the concept of legal accountability. The results demonstrated structural policy coordination between the forest and agricultural sectors dominantly to enhance provisioning services for optimizing agricultural productivity while preserving productive forest resources. Policy coordination between the forest and urban sectors was developed dominantly to enhance cultural services of forests through collaborative endeavors for forest and green space planning and management in urban areas. Policy coordination between the forest and environmental sectors was developed dominantly to enhance supporting and regulating services through undertaking collaborative actions for habitat preservation, wildlife protection and soil conservation. This research revealed that structural policy coordination occurred to manage multiple ecosystem services between forest and non-forest sectors in the DPRK. The findings enrich our understanding of coordinated legislation based on the design of legal accountability in forest ecosystem services management.
{"title":"Structural policy coordination for forest ecosystem services management in the legal accountability system","authors":"Suyeon Min , Hansol Lee , Jeongeun Son , Mi Sun Park","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Forests play a pivotal role in delivering diverse ecosystem services, underscoring the need for effective care and management. Ecosystem service management recognizes the importance of integrating forestry within a broader framework that encompasses rural development, agriculture, landscape management, and environmental protection. This study focuses on structural policy coordination for forest management in the legal system requiring multiple actors' obligations with the case of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) by examining the relevant laws. We examined the selected 223 forest-related articles from 56 laws. Forest-related articles were categorized into three ecosystem services—provisioning, supporting and regulating, and cultural services— and analyzed focusing on deontic and actor-oriented meaning based on the concept of legal accountability. The results demonstrated structural policy coordination between the forest and agricultural sectors dominantly to enhance provisioning services for optimizing agricultural productivity while preserving productive forest resources. Policy coordination between the forest and urban sectors was developed dominantly to enhance cultural services of forests through collaborative endeavors for forest and green space planning and management in urban areas. Policy coordination between the forest and environmental sectors was developed dominantly to enhance supporting and regulating services through undertaking collaborative actions for habitat preservation, wildlife protection and soil conservation. This research revealed that structural policy coordination occurred to manage multiple ecosystem services between forest and non-forest sectors in the DPRK. The findings enrich our understanding of coordinated legislation based on the design of legal accountability in forest ecosystem services management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 103282"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141434891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-20DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103281
Ugur Korkut Pata , Selin Karlilar Pata
The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) has increased dramatically due to various human activities, with deforestation playing an important role. Forests act as carbon sinks and have the capacity to absorb CO2 and other harmful emissions from the atmosphere. In particular, the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)-15 (Life on Land) addresses the importance of reforestation and forest management. Accordingly, this study analyzes the impact of the forest load capacity factor and renewable energy on CO2 emissions in the context of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. For this purpose, the study focuses on India from 1990 to 2021. The empirical results indicate that (i) the EKC hypothesis is valid; (ii) the forest load capacity factor has an inhibitory effect on CO2 emissions; and (iii) renewable energy consumption has no significant effect on ecological degradation. This study points to the crucial role of forest load capacity for ecological sustainability. Moreover, renewable energy sources do not seem to be a viable option to achieve India's environmental goals. Therefore, the Indian government should focus on improving afforestation and forest conservation policies to improve ecological conditions.
{"title":"Determining the effectiveness of the forest load capacity factor in assisting decarbonization in India","authors":"Ugur Korkut Pata , Selin Karlilar Pata","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) has increased dramatically due to various human activities, with deforestation playing an important role. Forests act as carbon sinks and have the capacity to absorb CO<sub>2</sub> and other harmful emissions from the atmosphere. In particular, the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)-15 (Life on Land) addresses the importance of reforestation and forest management. Accordingly, this study analyzes the impact of the forest load capacity factor and renewable energy on CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in the context of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. For this purpose, the study focuses on India from 1990 to 2021. The empirical results indicate that (i) the EKC hypothesis is valid; (ii) the forest load capacity factor has an inhibitory effect on CO<sub>2</sub> emissions; and (iii) renewable energy consumption has no significant effect on ecological degradation. This study points to the crucial role of forest load capacity for ecological sustainability. Moreover, renewable energy sources do not seem to be a viable option to achieve India's environmental goals. Therefore, the Indian government should focus on improving afforestation and forest conservation policies to improve ecological conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 103281"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141434890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The valorization of forest ecosystem services requires actors to innovate and tackle difficulties in realization. We conducted two questionnaire survey series in Japan with forest owners and municipalities—important actors in implementing valorization—to investigate their innovativeness. We measured owners' innovativeness regarding valorization by asking whether they were interested in, planning for, or had implemented four types of valorization: (1) multifunctional payments, (2) habitat payments, (3) non-wood forest products (NWFP) marketing, and (4) forest service industries. Based on spatial autoregressive regression (SAR) analyses of 312 responses, we found that ownership type, age, holding size, and purpose of forest ownership were associated with owners' innovativeness indices. For example, younger owners and the ones with NWFP ownership purpose are more innovative in one or several types of valorization. We also asked municipalities how innovative they were toward using forest environmental transfer tax, a national funding scheme, for implementing or assisting the valorization methods mentioned above. Based on the SAR analyses of 664–670 responses, we identified correlations between innovativeness and several municipal factors such as population size, population changes, areas of private plantation forest ownership, forest ratios, and the importance of agriculture and forestry. Specifically, the coefficients for forest ratio and agriculture/forestry/fishery added value variables were positive in the NWFP model. Relying on the results of the SAR analyses, we evaluated the influences of regional systems of innovation on respondents' innovativeness and found that the influences are statistically and substantially significant.
森林生态系统服务的价值评估需要参与者创新并解决实现过程中的困难。我们在日本对森林所有者和市政当局(实施价值评估的重要参与者)进行了两次系列问卷调查,以调查他们的创新能力。我们通过询问业主是否对以下四种价值评估方式感兴趣、是否正在计划或已经实施,来衡量他们在价值评估方面的创新能力:(1)多功能支付;(2)栖息地支付;(3)非木材林产品(NWFP)营销;(4)森林服务业。基于对 312 个回答的空间自回归分析,我们发现所有权类型、年龄、持有规模和森林所有权的目的与所有者的创新指数相关。例如,年轻的所有者和以西北森林方案为所有权目的的所有者在一种或几种类型的价值评估中更具创新性。我们还询问了市政当局在利用森林环境转让税(一项国家资助计划)实施或协助上述价值评估方法方面的创新程度。根据对 664-670 份答复的 SAR 分析,我们确定了创新性与多个市政因素之间的相关性,如人口规模、人口变化、私人种植林所有权面积、森林比率以及农业和林业的重要性。具体而言,在西北边境省模型中,森林比率和农业/林业/渔业附加值变量的系数为正。根据特区分析的结果,我们评估了区域创新体系对受访者创新能力的影响,发现这些影响在统计上具有显著性。
{"title":"Innovativeness of Japanese forest owners and municipalities regarding the valorization of forest ecosystem services: Quantitative evaluation of mutual influences","authors":"Takuya Takahashi , Yasuto Hori , Ikumi Otsuka , Shingo Shibata , Takahiro Tsuge","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The valorization of forest ecosystem services requires actors to innovate and tackle difficulties in realization. We conducted two questionnaire survey series in Japan with forest owners and municipalities—important actors in implementing valorization—to investigate their innovativeness. We measured owners' innovativeness regarding valorization by asking whether they were interested in, planning for, or had implemented four types of valorization: (1) multifunctional payments, (2) habitat payments, (3) non-wood forest products (NWFP) marketing, and (4) forest service industries. Based on spatial autoregressive regression (SAR) analyses of 312 responses, we found that ownership type, age, holding size, and purpose of forest ownership were associated with owners' innovativeness indices. For example, younger owners and the ones with NWFP ownership purpose are more innovative in one or several types of valorization. We also asked municipalities how innovative they were toward using forest environmental transfer tax, a national funding scheme, for implementing or assisting the valorization methods mentioned above. Based on the SAR analyses of 664–670 responses, we identified correlations between innovativeness and several municipal factors such as population size, population changes, areas of private plantation forest ownership, forest ratios, and the importance of agriculture and forestry. Specifically, the coefficients for forest ratio and agriculture/forestry/fishery added value variables were positive in the NWFP model. Relying on the results of the SAR analyses, we evaluated the influences of regional systems of innovation on respondents' innovativeness and found that the influences are statistically and substantially significant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 103269"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141434892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}