Forest Policy and Economics最新文献_第4页

Economic gain of genetically-selected coastal Douglas-fir: Timber, log and carbon value at varying planting densities 沿海道格拉斯冷杉基因选择的经济收益：不同种植密度下的木材、原木和碳价值

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103397

M. Isaac-Renton , B. Moore , J. Degner , C. Bealle Statland , B. Bogdanski , L. Sun , M. Stoehr

Substantial investments in tree breeding for coastal Douglas-fir in British Columbia are projected to lead to significant volume gain at rotation age. Recent research shows growth gains are accumulating as expected, but it is less clear to what degree and when these volume gains translate into economic gains. We use discounted cash flow analysis techniques to quantify economic gains and determine optimal rotation ages expected from planting three levels of genetic gain in tree volume (a 0 % control, +10 % and + 18 %) at four initial densities (625, 1189, 1890 and 3906 stems/ha). Valuations were estimated for a variety of economic conditions for timber volume and log grades, with and without carbon pricing. These analyses rely on a growth and yield model simulating data from a 21-year coastal Douglas-fir realized gain trial, installed on five sites differing in productivity. Simulations show that planting selectively-bred coastal Douglas-fir trees reliably led to significant economic gains relative to unselected control stands, across initial planting densities, sites and varied economic scenarios. Highest financial returns are projected for genetically-selected seedlings at the most productive sites. Lower initial planting densities were associated with higher economic gains but also reduced important wood quality metrics that were not captured by the financial analyses, suggesting that operational planting densities (1189–1890 stems/ha) could offer a suitable compromise. Incorporating carbon prices led to larger economic returns and longer rotations. Altogether, these simulations suggest that a reliably higher return on investment can be achieved by deploying selectively-bred planting stock.

预计对不列颠哥伦比亚省沿海道格拉斯冷杉树种育种的大量投资将导致轮龄时的显著产量增加。最近的研究显示，增长收益正在如预期那样累积，但不太清楚这些数量增长在多大程度上以及何时转化为经济收益。我们使用贴现现金流分析技术来量化经济收益，并确定在四种初始密度（625、1189、1890和3906茎/公顷）下种植三种树体积遗传收益水平（0 %控制、+ 10%和+ 18%）的最佳轮作年龄。在有无碳定价的情况下，对木材量和原木等级的各种经济条件进行了估值。这些分析依赖于生长和产量模型，模拟了21年沿海道格拉斯杉木实现收益试验的数据，该试验安装在五个生产率不同的地点。模拟表明，种植选择性繁殖的沿海道格拉斯冷杉相对于未选择的对照林分，在初始种植密度、地点和不同的经济情景下，可靠地带来了显著的经济收益。在最多产的地方，基因选择的幼苗预计将获得最高的经济回报。较低的初始种植密度与较高的经济收益相关，但也降低了财务分析中未捕获的重要木材质量指标，这表明操作种植密度（1189-1890茎/公顷）可以提供一个合适的折衷方案。纳入碳价格带来了更大的经济回报和更长的周期。总之，这些模拟表明，通过部署选择性育种的种植材料，可以获得可靠的较高投资回报。

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引用次数: 0

How nature and landscape quality connect: An exploratory study of their relationship with urban green spaces

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103404

Gonzalo de la Fuente de Val

This study explores the relationship between individuals' connection to nature through the use of urban green spaces and the perceived landscape quality of their neighbourhoods. A total of 829 participants from Latin America completed an online survey. Spearman's rank correlation was used to examine associations, while Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified key variables linked to nature connection and neighbourhood landscape quality. Additionally, differences in perceptions and socio-demographic factors were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Results show that neighbourhoods perceived as having more greenery, better maintenance, increased safety, and greater visual appeal are associated with stronger connections to nature and more positive attitudes towards it. The study concludes that improving urban green spaces can strengthen individuals' relationship with nature.

引用次数: 0

Culture change in the Forest sector: Insights from a participatory workshop at the Women's Forest congress

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103438

Jaana Korhonen , Jamie Dahl , Asia L. Dowtin , Leah Rathbun

This study draws on collaborative work done during the inaugural Women's Forest Congress in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, attended by over 500 diverse professionals in the public and private sectors in the fall of 2022. The Congress was designed to encourage women and other minoritized gender identities to think critically about their role in the forest and natural resource sector and the workforce, and to generate workplace recommendations that promote greater retention of women in the profession. Our study is based on a World Café-style workshop at the Congress, during which approximately 60 women engaged in prompt-guided dialogue on their current and ideal workforce conditions within the forest and natural resource sector, and related professional communities. Participants provided their reflections through both written and verbal responses. We utilized content and thematic analysis techniques to review participant responses and identify emerging themes around opportunities and barriers that women and other minoritized gender identities may face related to workforce inclusion and career advancement. We distinguished 17 community-identified desired areas of change, key in creating a more inclusive working culture within the forest and natural resource sector, that support long-term engagement across diverse members of the workforce. Justice, Equity, Diversity, Inclusion and Access (JEDIA) and work policy were prompted as the most cross-cutting themes for creating cultural change. As participants were predominantly from the US and Canada, results largely reflect women from those countries. Future work would benefit from studying similar trends among a more globally representative sample of women in the forest sector.

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引用次数: 0

Rules and interactions around customary tree ownership in forested public lands: A qualitative study in Jharkhand, India

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103442

Sabyasachi Kar , Gaurav R. Sinha , Puneet Dwivedi

Customary ownership of trees in forested public lands is common among tribal communities in India. This separation of trees and land ownership raises questions about the nature of such ownership, the rules governing them, and the factors shaping them. Despite its socio-cultural and ecological significance, limited studies have explored this form of tree ownership. Additionally, recent forest policy regimes have also remained silent on this. This study addresses these gaps by documenting customary rules governing tree ownership, examining its governance systems, analyzing interactions between villagers and trees, and assessing the outcomes of these interactions on people and local forest resources. This study was conducted in four tribal villages of Jharkhand, India, using a qualitative approach. Data collection included focus group discussions with male and female key informants and household interviews with household heads, predominantly men. Thematic analysis was conducted within Ostrom's Socio-Ecological System (SES) framework. We identified SES categories such as Resource Systems, Governance Systems, Resource Units, Users, and other broader socio-ecological categories and examined their interactions and outcomes within customary tree ownership. Key findings include the documentation of customary rules governing tree ownership creation, inheritance, distribution, and management practices. Interactions such as adjudication processes, commercialization of forest products, and external policy interventions resulted in positive and negative outcomes. Positive outcomes included enhanced familial ties, community cohesion, increased household income, and a growing population of economically valuable tree species in village forests. Negative outcomes included forest degradation, reduced species diversity, and increased illegal logging caused by weak collective-choice rules, displacement, policy interventions, and market pressures. The study underscores the importance of recognizing customary tree ownership in forested public land as it generates valuable insights for policymakers to promote sustainable forest management and enhance the well-being of the tribals in Jharkhand and beyond.

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引用次数: 0

A comprehensive look at the forest products industry’s economic contribution to the United States: Pre- and post-COVID analysis

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103440

Jagdish Poudel , Ram Dahal

This paper examines the U.S. Forest products industry's economic performance in 2022 compared to pre-COVID-19 levels, highlighting its resilience amid pandemic disruptions. Despite a slight decline of 0.27 % in direct forest product industry jobs, the industry's total value-added increased by 14.46 %, with growth observed in labor income and gross output. However, the extent of changes varied across sectors: while paperboard container manufacturing, paper mills, and sawmills saw substantial value-added increases (23 %, 45.45 %, and 54.66 %, respectively), pulp mills, wood office furniture manufacturing, and stationery product manufacturing experienced declines (6 %, 12.5 %, and 3.4 %, respectively). These findings reveal the uneven changes within the industry and underscore the challenges faced by certain subsectors. Overall, the study reinforces the forest products industry's crucial role in supporting both regional and rural economies. The results provide valuable insights for policymakers and industry professionals, emphasizing the need for targeted support to enhance the sector's resilience and ensure its continued growth and economic contribution.

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引用次数: 0

Effective communication about forests and trees: An analytical framework for communication among segmented audiences

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103429

Lena Riemann

A vast amount of literature from communication science deals with the questions if and how communication can evoke changes in an audience. This is closely related to communicative persuasion and social influence. Based on audience-oriented approaches to media effectiveness, it is argued that in order to be effective, communication efforts have to match the desires and requirements of the audience. In this context, this paper proposes three conditions that must be met for a communication effect to occur: selection, understanding and acceptance of the information. Drawing on approaches from communication science and media effectiveness studies, variables that influence selection, understanding and acceptance are identified and an analytical framework for effective communication is proposed. Based on the framework, survey questions were developed and a survey representative for the German public was conducted in cooperation with Sinus Institute – a market research institute that groups the German public into ten sinus milieus based on common socio-psychological characteristics – to find out about forest-specific communication needs and p for each milieu. The empirical survey results were analyzed and together with already existing material about sinus milieus were fitted into the analytical framework, resulting in templates for effective communication about forest-related topics for each sinus milieu.

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引用次数: 0

Misalignment between ecologically rapid and economically optimal forest restoration designs

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103426

Yuta Kobayashi , Masayuki Sato , Kei Uchida , Akira S. Mori

Because the benefits of forest restoration take a long time to materialize, it is desirable to design restoration projects with intergenerational equity in mind, particularly considering the perspectives and feelings of the generation bearing the costs. We conducted a contingent valuation survey with a payment card among the Japanese public focusing on forest restoration in Shiretoko National Park to estimate individual discount rates for carbon and biodiversity recovery. Specifically, we presented two forest restoration scenarios with varying recovery times and asked for their willingness to pay (WTP) for each. From these differences in WTP, the individual discount rates were estimated at 1.17 %. Using the estimated discount rates, cost-benefit analyses were performed on the simulation results of 31 different restoration scenarios with varying planting densities and number of species planted. We also performed the same analyses using commonly used discount rates of 4.0 % and 6.0 %. The results showed a divergence between the ecologically and economically optimal restoration scenarios, and that the economically optimal restoration scenario varied depending on the discount rate. This highlights the need for careful consensus building that combines ecological and economic perspectives in forest ecosystem management.

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引用次数: 0

Implications of China's foreign waste ban on the global waste paper trade networks for circular economy and sustainability

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103428

Xinfei Li , Chang Yu , Zhaohua Wang , Chenlu Tao , Hao Li , Gang Diao , Baodong Cheng

To achieve the sustainable development goal, China banned the import of unclassified waste paper in 2017, known as China's import Ban (CIB) to influence the global waste paper trade. Here, we construct the global waste paper trade networks (GWPTN) to observe network characteristics from 2006 to 2020 and use Difference-in-Differences (DID) to test effects of CIB. Results show that CIB reduces the scale, transmission efficiency and stability of GWPTN and changes the network characteristics of major trading countries as network nodes. By constructing DID models with degree and Strength Centrality as dependent variables, it can be seen that although waste paper exporters affected by CIB have expanded export channels, the total amount of exports still shows a downward trend due to other waste paper importers being unable to replace China's position in GWPTN; Meanwhile, importers other than China import more waste paper, especially Asian importers close to China.

引用次数: 0

Becoming a forester. Exploring forest management students' habitus in the making 成为一名护林员。探索森林管理专业学生养成的习惯

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103407

Diana Cichecki, Hannes Weinbrenner, Stephanie Bethmann

Foresters in Germany are facing extreme challenges due to climate change and social change, struggling to adapt their management strategies. In this context, our study explores the professional socialization of forest management students at Universities of Applied Sciences in Germany: How is a professional habitus formed during forestry education, and how well does this equip students to address ecological and social transformations? Through qualitative in-depth interviews, we investigate how students experience their education and interpret their future roles and tasks. Using a praxeological framework informed by Bourdieu's concept of habitus, we explore how higher education shapes students' ways of perceiving, feeling, and belonging.

Findings from our analysis include students' hierarchical positioning in relation to a lay public, their objectivist perspective on knowledge, their identification as part of the “forest family”, and mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion that produce a strong sense of group cohesion. Despite inner heterogeneity in the student body, adaptation pressure is high, especially for those who envision a career as a forester. The students themselves see two main challenges for their professional future: social pressures from a lay public and an unpredictable future due to climate change. We argue that their problem definitions actually point to underlying transformation challenges.

Our findings are in resonance with recent debates on forestry's professional culture, its implicit foundations, and its challenges with respect to change. They also point to a potential role of educational institutions to foster diversity in the student body and promote transformation competencies.

由于气候变化和社会变化，德国的林农正面临着极端的挑战，他们正在努力调整自己的管理策略。在此背景下，我们的研究探讨了德国应用科学大学森林管理专业学生的专业社会化：在林业教育中如何形成专业习惯，以及这如何使学生能够应对生态和社会转型？通过定性深入访谈，我们调查学生如何体验他们的教育，并解释他们未来的角色和任务。利用布迪厄的习惯概念为基础的行动学框架，我们探讨了高等教育如何塑造学生的感知、感觉和归属方式。

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引用次数: 0

Three decades of forest policy studies in the countries in the former socialist countries of Europe: A review 欧洲前社会主义国家三十年森林政策研究：回顾

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103398

Ekaterina Makrickiene , Vilis Brukas , Ivana Živojinović , Zuzana Dobšinská

Since the late 1980s, the transformative changes in former socialist societies have provided a unique context for forest policy research. However, a comprehensive review of this body of scholarship has been lacking. This paper addresses this gap by by reviewing forest policy studies for 19 countries of the ex-socialist realm. We identified 285 articles in international peer-reviewed journals, published in 1990–2024. Bibliometric and narrative analysis revealed several positive trends including rapidly growing number of publications, and between other aspects, improving gender balance in the authorship. There is an evident increase of the research capacity as the domestic contributors clearly prevail over the foreign authors since 2015. The output, measured bythe number of published studies, differs remarkably among the analysed countries. The Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia lead in publication numbers, while Montenegro, Moldova, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Belarus rank at the bottom.

“State forestry” (42 % of the total count) and “private forestry” (30 %) are the two prevailing thematic hubs among the sampled studies. Our review confirms substantial influence of ideological and institutional legacies from the socialist period with such outcomes as the dominating power of state actors, prevalence of strong regulatory approaches and limited decision space for private forest owners. Important topics for future research include, among others, deeper sociological understanding of forest restitution and of reform processes in state forestry; red tape and corruption in the forest sector, trust between private and state actors; better balancing of regulatory, economic and informational instruments; and national accommodations of the forest-related EU policies.

自1980年代末以来，前社会主义社会的变革为森林政策研究提供了独特的背景。然而，对这一学术体系的全面回顾一直缺乏。本文通过回顾19个前社会主义国家的森林政策研究来解决这一差距。我们在1990-2024年间发表的285篇国际同行评议期刊上的文章。文献计量学和叙事分析揭示了几个积极的趋势，包括出版物数量的迅速增长，以及在其他方面，作者的性别平衡得到改善。自2015年以来，国内作者明显超过外国作者，研究能力明显提高。以发表的研究数量来衡量的产出，在被分析的国家之间差别很大。捷克共和国、波兰和斯洛伐克在出版物数量上领先，而黑山、摩尔多瓦、阿尔巴尼亚、波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那和白俄罗斯排名垫底。

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引用次数: 0