Forest Policy and Economics最新文献_第7页

Community resource management areas and household food security in northern Ghana: Insights from a socio-ecological systems perspective 加纳北部社区资源管理领域和家庭粮食安全：从社会生态系统角度的见解

IF 3.8 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103628

Cornelius K.A. Pienaah

Food insecurity remains a pressing challenge in rural Ghana, particularly in the semi-arid northern regions where sociodemographic, socio-economic, and environmental factors heighten household risks. In response, Community Resource Management Areas (CREMAs) have been introduced as decentralized governance structures to promote sustainable natural resource management, biodiversity, and improve livelihoods. However, the extent to which CREMAs influence household food security remains underexplored. Grounded in the Socio-Ecological Systems (SES) framework, this study has two main objectives: (1) to determine variations in food security between households located within CREMAs and those outside CREMAs (non-CREMA households), and (2) to analyze the socio-demographic and socio-economic factors that explain such variations. Cross-sectional data were collected from 517 smallholder farmer households across four community contexts, Wechiau, Dorimo, Zukpiri, and Chakali, in northern Ghana. Using ordered logistic regression analysis, the results show that households within CREMAs experience lower levels of severe food insecurity compared to non-CREMA households. Food security outcomes varied across zones, influenced by factors such as age, education, gender, household size, wealth, home gardening, livestock rearing, access to credit, and remittances, with context-specific effects. These findings underscore the vital role of CREMAs in enhancing household food security by promoting improved resource governance and sustainable practices. A dual approach is recommended to address food insecurity in northern Ghana. This entails scaling up CREMAs and reinforcing community resource management, while simultaneously strengthening governance, broadening financial and livelihood opportunities, and providing targeted support to vulnerable households.

粮食不安全仍然是加纳农村地区面临的紧迫挑战，特别是在社会人口、社会经济和环境因素加剧家庭风险的半干旱北部地区。为此，引入了社区资源管理区（crema）作为分散的治理结构，以促进可持续的自然资源管理、生物多样性和改善生计。然而，crema对家庭粮食安全的影响程度仍未得到充分探讨。基于社会生态系统（SES）框架，本研究有两个主要目标：(1)确定crema内家庭与crema外家庭（非crema家庭）之间的粮食安全差异；(2)分析解释这种差异的社会人口和社会经济因素。横断面数据来自加纳北部Wechiau、Dorimo、Zukpiri和Chakali四个社区背景下的517个小农家庭。使用有序逻辑回归分析，结果表明，与非crema家庭相比，crema家庭的严重粮食不安全程度较低。不同地区的粮食安全结果各不相同，受年龄、教育程度、性别、家庭规模、财富、家庭园艺、牲畜饲养、获得信贷和汇款等因素的影响，并具有具体情况的影响。这些研究结果强调了农牧合作机制通过促进资源治理和可持续实践，在加强家庭粮食安全方面的重要作用。建议采取双重方法来解决加纳北部的粮食不安全问题。这需要扩大crema和加强社区资源管理，同时加强治理，扩大金融和生计机会，并为弱势家庭提供有针对性的支持。

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引用次数: 0

Applying the forest load capacity factor to assess environmental sustainability in the Global South 应用森林负荷能力因子评估全球南方的环境可持续性

IF 3.8 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103631

Brayan Tillaguango , Rafael Alvarado , Munir Ahmad , Muntasir Murshed , Cem Işık

Forests play a critical role in achieving environmental sustainability because they absorb polluting waste from anthropogenic activities and produce biomass. However, the forest load capacity of developing countries has deteriorated due to the overload of unregulated economic activities. This study examines the determinants of environmental sustainability, as measured by the forest load capacity factor, in countries of the Global South. The factors considered are GDP per capita, governance, gender inequality index, women's political empowerment, youth unemployment, and the informal sector. The study covers the period 1991–2022, and we employ a suite of advanced panel data models. The econometric strategy includes cointegration techniques with structural breaks, long-run elasticities, quantile regressions, and causality models. The findings show that environmental sustainability exhibits a cointegrating relationship with the regressors when considering structural breaks in the series resulting from external and internal shocks. We also show that the regressors have a heterogeneous effect on environmental sustainability across the distribution. The estimators differ between sustainable and non-sustainable countries in the Global South. The results of the causality test show that environmental sustainability has a structural relationship with GDP per capita, governance, women's political empowerment, and informal sector This research contributes to the debate on environmental sustainability by covering a large sample of developing countries, and we consider the role of gender in the pursuit of Sustainable Development Goals 13 and 15.

森林在实现环境可持续性方面发挥关键作用，因为它们吸收人类活动产生的污染废物并产生生物量。然而，发展中国家的森林负荷能力由于不受管制的经济活动超载而恶化。本研究审查了以森林负荷能力系数衡量的全球南方国家环境可持续性的决定因素。考虑的因素包括人均GDP、治理、性别不平等指数、妇女政治赋权、青年失业和非正规部门。该研究涵盖1991-2022年期间，我们采用了一套先进的面板数据模型。计量经济学策略包括结构断裂、长期弹性、分位数回归和因果关系模型的协整技术。研究结果表明，当考虑外部和内部冲击引起的序列结构断裂时，环境可持续性与回归量呈现协整关系。我们还表明，回归量对整个分布的环境可持续性具有异质性影响。全球南方可持续和不可持续国家的估计值不同。因果检验的结果表明，环境可持续性与人均GDP、治理、妇女政治赋权和非正式部门之间存在结构性关系。该研究通过覆盖发展中国家的大样本，为环境可持续性的辩论做出了贡献，我们考虑了性别在追求可持续发展目标13和15中的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Building on solid ground? (In)Coordination within Norwegian and Finnish wood construction policies 在坚实的土地上建房？（In）挪威和芬兰木材建筑政策内的协调

IF 3.8 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103630

Håkon Endresen Normann , Erkki-Jussi Nylén , Anne Toppinen , Jani Lukkarinen

Increased use of wood represents a potential way to reduce emissions from construction. However, its adoption depends on coherent and well-coordinated policy support. This paper examines how policies in Norway and Finland align, or fail to align, across sectors and levels of governance. We investigate how policy consistency and coordination shape the development and implementation of wood construction policies in Finland and Norway.

Drawing on literature on innovation policy sustainability transitions, and policy mixes, we analyse the consistency and coordination of goals, strategies, and instruments across policy domains and governance levels. The analysis is based on policy documents and interviews in both countries.

Both countries have promoted wood construction for decades, leading to innovation and the adoption of new solutions, but with varying levels of policy integration and commitment. In both cases, fragmentation across policy fields and limited vertical integration have hampered more transformative change. Horizontal coordination has been hindered by fragmented ministerial ownership, while vertical coordination is challenged by differences in local capacity and priorities, and a lack of stronger national level requirements.

This paper contributes to sustainability transitions research by offering a comparative analysis of how policy consistency and coordination shape wood construction policies in two forest-rich countries. It shows that fragmented responsibilities, weak regulatory direction, and limited vertical and horizontal coordination hinder the realisation of wood's decarbonisation potential. Strengthening policy alignment and institutional coordination is essential to enable wood to play a larger role in low-carbon construction transitions.

增加木材的使用是减少建筑排放的一种潜在方法。然而，它的通过取决于连贯和协调良好的政策支持。本文考察了挪威和芬兰的政策如何在各部门和各级治理中保持一致或不一致。我们调查政策的一致性和协调如何塑造芬兰和挪威木结构建筑政策的发展和实施。

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引用次数: 0

Adapting conservation easement to Chinese conservation context: from theory to practice 保护地役权适应中国环境：从理论到实践

IF 3.8 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103627

Siyuan He , Yu Wei

Conservation easements (CEs) are efficient conservation tools to coordinate public-private interests. As China establishes a new national park system, CEs have been tested as a potential solution to the conservation-development trade-off in populated rural areas where collective forestland rights emerge as a major concern. However, limited research exists on their adaptability in China's National Park context. This study employs a qualitative approach to examine CEs' utility in forest management through theory and in practice in the Qianjiangyuan National Park Pilot (QNP). Through a necessity and feasibility assessment framework and structured interviews with key informants, findings indicate that CEs represent a promising conservation tool for achieving conservation targets by easing human pressures while maintaining land ownership and use rights at low cost under complex land tenure. Local governance, non-governmental organisations' participation, academic involvement, protected area management, and community governance were all identified as contributing factors for CE feasibility, with importance decreasing in that order. Further semi-structured interviews with qualitative content analysis revealed that the park agency prioritised CE's necessity for land tenure issues, particularly its cooperation with local governments to leverage a policy window for unified land management rather than state-owned land transformation. This cooperation emerged as a key condition for local CE adaptation. The study concludes that multi-stakeholder collaboration is essential to develop CE as a science-based land management tool that maximises its “minimum restriction for maximum comprehensive benefit” role.

保护地役权是协调公私利益的有效保护工具。随着中国建立新的国家公园体系，在人口稠密的农村地区，集体林地权利成为一个主要问题，作为解决保护与发展之间权衡的潜在解决方案，生态公园已经得到了检验。然而，关于它们在中国国家公园环境下的适应性研究却很少。本研究以钱江源国家公园试点为研究对象，采用定性分析的方法，从理论和实践两方面考察了生态系统在森林管理中的效用。通过必要性和可行性评估框架以及对关键信息提供者的结构化访谈，研究结果表明，生态系统是一种有希望的保护工具，可以通过减轻人类压力，同时在复杂的土地权制下以低成本保持土地所有权和使用权，实现保护目标。地方治理、非政府组织参与、学术参与、保护区管理和社区治理都被认为是影响可持续发展可行性的因素，重要性依次递减。进一步的半结构化访谈和定性内容分析显示，公园机构优先考虑CE在土地权属问题上的必要性，特别是它与地方政府的合作，利用统一土地管理的政策窗口，而不是国有土地转型。这种合作成为地方适应环境行政的关键条件。该研究的结论是，多方利益相关者的合作对于将环境行政发展成为一种基于科学的土地管理工具至关重要，这种工具可以最大限度地发挥其“最小限制，最大综合效益”的作用。

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引用次数: 0

How village communities perceive the relevance of forest ecosystem services: Insights from Himachal Pradesh, India 乡村社区如何感知森林生态系统服务的相关性：来自印度喜马偕尔邦的见解

IF 3.8 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103618

Kritishnu Sanyal, Shyamasree Dasgupta

This study on perception analysis uses a multivariate ordinal probit regression (MVOR) model to analyse the factors influencing the perception of village communities towards forest ecosystem services (FES) in Himachal Pradesh, India. It contributes to the scholarship in two ways: first, by demonstrating the application of the MVOR to identify factors shaping perception within an ordinal framework, and second, by exploring the drivers that involve communities in sustainable forest management outside the market framework. Results show the community recognises the importance of provisioning services the most (median rank =4) and regulating and supporting services the least (median ranks = 2). The highest ranging threshold values (0–2.46) for supporting services indicate that this FES is a grey area, unlike regulating service with thresholds ranging between 0 and 1.2. Formal education significantly (p < 0.05) tends to help the community appreciate the intangible benefits of FES. This suggests that the school curriculum should incorporate a comprehensive framework of ecosystem services, while also allowing for more specific discussions on local topics to promote greater awareness of the values of regulating and supporting services among local communities. The study also emphasises empowering local bodies to strengthen community agency with more meaningful participation of educated youth. It advocates for a shift in forest management policies from a punitive to a reward-based approach, helping communities recognise the value of conservation. The preference for FES is not significantly influenced by economic needs (p > 0.05), suggesting that conservation rewards should consider broader benefits that extend beyond financial.

本研究采用多变量有序概率回归（MVOR）模型分析了印度喜马偕尔邦村庄社区对森林生态系统服务（FES）感知的影响因素。它通过两种方式为学术贡献：第一，通过展示MVOR在有序框架内识别塑造感知的因素的应用，第二，通过探索使社区参与市场框架之外的可持续森林管理的驱动因素。结果显示，社区认识到提供服务的重要性最多（中位数排名=4），而调节和支持服务的重要性最少（中位数排名= 2）。支持服务的最高范围阈值（0 - 2.46）表明该FES是一个灰色区域，与阈值范围在0到1.2之间的调节服务不同。正规教育显著地（p < 0.05）倾向于帮助社区认识到FES的无形利益。这表明，学校课程应纳入生态系统服务的综合框架，同时也允许对当地主题进行更具体的讨论，以提高当地社区对规范和支持服务的价值的认识。该研究还强调赋予地方机构权力，以加强社区机构，使受过教育的青年更有意义地参与。它倡导将森林管理政策从惩罚性转向基于奖励的方法，帮助社区认识到保护的价值。对FES的偏好不受经济需求的显著影响（p > 0.05），这表明保护奖励应该考虑到经济以外的更广泛的利益。

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引用次数: 0

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of forestry professionals towards artificial intelligence (AI) 林业专业人员对人工智能（AI）的知识、态度和实践

IF 3.8 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103626

Luke Ritter, Derek Andrew Uhey, Alark Saxena

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly changing decision-making, resource management, and conservation strategies in forestry and natural resources. This study employs the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) framework to examine forestry professionals' perceptions and engagement with AI across different sectors. Using semi-structured interviews with government workers, industry employees, researchers, educators, and students, we explore AI applications, ethical considerations, labor dynamics, and future considerations for FNR. Findings reveal a need for cross-sector collaboration to create consistent AI policies and a complex relationship between workforce reduction and AI adoption. While many professionals recognize AI's potential to improve efficiency and analysis, concerns about accountability for AI decision-making remain prevalent. We discuss these perspectives in relation to existing literature on AI and suggest human-centric AI adoption moving forward.

人工智能（AI）正在日益改变林业和自然资源的决策、资源管理和保护策略。本研究采用知识、态度和实践（KAP）框架来考察林业专业人员对不同部门人工智能的看法和参与情况。通过对政府工作人员、行业员工、研究人员、教育工作者和学生的半结构化访谈，我们探讨了人工智能应用、道德考虑、劳动力动态以及FNR的未来考虑。调查结果显示，需要跨部门合作来制定一致的人工智能政策，以及减少劳动力和采用人工智能之间的复杂关系。虽然许多专业人士认识到人工智能在提高效率和分析方面的潜力，但对人工智能决策责任的担忧仍然普遍存在。我们将这些观点与现有的人工智能文献进行讨论，并建议以人为中心的人工智能采用向前发展。

引用次数: 0

Understanding green jobs in the forest sector: Findings from a systematic literature review 理解森林部门的绿色工作：来自系统文献综述的发现

IF 3.8 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103608

Emilin Joma da Silva, Jörg Schweinle

The forest sector has undergone significant transformations driven by environmental and societal concerns, resulting in policies to promote sustainability, technological innovation, and the bioeconomy. These policies have had an impact on employment, with green jobs emerging as a potential outcome of an environmentally sustainable economy. However, for jobs to be considered ‘green’, they must meet criteria for decent work – criteria that are underexplored within the forest sector. This study conducts a systematic literature review (following the Reporting standards for Systematic Evidence Synthesis) to investigate what are green jobs in the forest sector, characterize these jobs and identify incentives that have promoted they. A total of 50 English-language publications were analysed. The findings indicated that while the forest sector has generated jobs with certain positive aspects of job quality (e.g., fair earnings), unfavourable characteristics persists (e.g., informal employment). Moreover, policies promoting green job often lack systematic assessment of the quality of the jobs they create. This study underscores the need for more robust data collection on job quality to inform policies that align sustainability objectives with decent work standards. It further revels the complex interplay between environmental goals and employment dynamics in the forest sector, emphasizing the importance of clear, operational standards for defining and supporting green jobs.

在环境和社会问题的推动下，森林部门经历了重大变革，产生了促进可持续性、技术创新和生物经济的政策。这些政策对就业产生了影响，绿色工作作为环境可持续经济的潜在结果而出现。然而，对于被认为是“绿色”的工作，它们必须符合体面工作的标准，而这些标准在森林部门尚未得到充分探讨。本研究进行了系统的文献综述（遵循系统证据综合报告标准），以调查森林部门的绿色工作是什么，这些工作的特征，并确定促进它们的激励措施。总共分析了50种英文出版物。调查结果表明，虽然森林部门创造的工作具有工作质量的某些积极方面（例如，公平的收入），但不利的特点仍然存在（例如，非正规就业）。此外，促进绿色就业的政策往往缺乏对其创造的就业质量的系统评估。本研究强调，需要更有力地收集有关工作质量的数据，以便为使可持续发展目标与体面劳动标准相一致的政策提供信息。它进一步揭示了环境目标与森林部门就业动态之间复杂的相互作用，强调了明确的业务标准对于确定和支持绿色就业的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Unlocking youth opportunities in the forest sector: The role of green jobs in generating youth employment in Malawi 释放青年在森林部门的机会：绿色工作在创造马拉维青年就业中的作用

IF 3.8 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103625

Maggie G. Munthali , Bonface Nankwenya , Zephania Nyirenda , Lemekezani Chilora , Levison Chiwaula , Baxton Chirombo , Wim Troosters

Green jobs offer significant potential to address high youth unemployment rates in low-income countries. Utilising data from the 2023 Malawi Green Corps Survey, this study employed the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) approach to assess the impact of green jobs on the welfare of youths in Malawi. The study randomly sampled 989 youths (628 project beneficiaries and 361 non-beneficiaries) from 10 districts in Malawi. The findings reveal that the project successfully recruited 2027 youths into green jobs focused on forest, soil and water conservation. Further results indicate that participation in the project positively impacted the youth's income and entrepreneurship development. The estimations indicate an increase in the current income of the youths involved in green jobs by approximately MK108,000. The results also show that the project increased the proportion of youths engaged in businesses by 42 %, further strengthening the connection between green jobs and entrepreneurial development. Results further demonstrated the need for long-term planning of green jobs to have a meaningful impact on poverty reduction. These findings underscore the transformative potential of green jobs in providing decent employment opportunities for youths in Malawi. Consequently, this study recommends that the government and other stakeholders develop strategies and policies to effectively engage youths in the green sectors, ensuring sustainable development and economic resilience.

绿色就业为解决低收入国家青年高失业率问题提供了巨大潜力。利用来自2023年马拉维绿色军团调查的数据，本研究采用倾向得分匹配（PSM）方法来评估绿色工作对马拉维青年福利的影响。该研究从马拉维10个地区随机抽取了989名青年（628名项目受益者和361名非受益者）。调查结果显示，该项目成功招募了2027名青年从事以森林、水土保持为重点的绿色工作。进一步的研究结果表明，参与项目对青年的收入和创业发展有积极的影响。这些估计表明，从事绿色工作的青年人目前的收入增加了大约108,000马克。结果还表明，该项目使青年创业比例提高了42%，进一步加强了绿色就业与创业发展之间的联系。结果进一步表明，需要对绿色工作进行长期规划，以对减贫产生有意义的影响。这些发现强调了绿色工作在为马拉维青年提供体面就业机会方面的变革潜力。因此，本研究建议政府和其他利益相关者制定战略和政策，有效地吸引青年参与绿色部门，确保可持续发展和经济弹性。

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引用次数: 0

Equity, diversity and inclusion in Canada's forest sector labour force: Are we making progress? 加拿大森林部门劳动力的公平、多样性和包容性：我们取得进展了吗？

IF 3.8 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103595

John Boakye-Danquah , Stephen Wyatt , Maureen G. Reed

Around the world, the labour force supporting commercial forestry has been male-dominated and Canada is no exception. Women, Indigenous Peoples and immigrants in Canada often face systemic barriers such as racism, sexism that result in specific inequalities including income disparities, job segregation, and uneven opportunities for training and mentorship. In response, federal and provincial governments, industry, and educational institutions have introduced policies and taken action to enhance equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) in the labour force across multiple sectors. In this paper, we explore Canada's progress in building a diverse and equitable forestry labour force. We analysed data from national forestry strategies (1981–2019), State of Canada's Forests Reports (1990–2023), and the quinquennial national Census (1991–2021), using proxies to examine progress in employment opportunities and representation of three equity-denied groups: women, Indigenous Peoples, and immigrants. Although there are high-level policies for EDI, federal government documents for the forest sector revealed little attention to EDI, with the exception of promoting opportunities for Indigenous workers. Census data show slow and uneven progress with respect to labour force participation, income, and job segregation in forestry. While there is progress in opportunities for Indigenous people, the data show that they still have lower incomes and occupy fewer management positions than others employed in commercial forestry. We reflect on several limitationsin the available data and conclude that if the forest sector in Canada and other similar contexts seeks to advance EDI in its forestry labour force, it must commit to broad motivations for diversity beyond industry competitiveness, set clear targets, introduce new practices, take action and publicly report on the results.

在世界各地，支持商业林业的劳动力一直以男性为主，加拿大也不例外。加拿大的妇女、土著人民和移民经常面临种族主义、性别歧视等系统性障碍，这些障碍导致了具体的不平等，包括收入差距、工作隔离、培训和指导机会不平等。作为回应，联邦和省政府、行业和教育机构已出台政策并采取行动，加强多个部门劳动力的公平性、多样性和包容性（EDI）。在本文中，我们探讨了加拿大在建立多样化和公平的林业劳动力方面的进展。我们分析了国家林业战略（1981-2019年）、加拿大国家森林报告（1990-2023年）和五年一次的全国人口普查（1991-2021年）的数据，使用代理来检查就业机会的进展和三个被剥夺平等的群体的代表性：妇女、土著人民和移民。虽然有关于电子数据交换的高级政策，但联邦政府关于森林部门的文件显示，除了促进土著工人的机会外，很少注意电子数据交换。普查数据显示，林业在劳动力参与、收入和职业隔离方面进展缓慢且不平衡。虽然土著人民在机会方面取得了进展，但数据显示，他们的收入仍然较低，担任的管理职位也少于商业林业的其他雇员。我们反思了现有数据中的一些局限性，并得出结论，如果加拿大和其他类似国家的林业部门寻求在其林业劳动力中推进EDI，它必须致力于在行业竞争力之外实现多样性的广泛动机，设定明确的目标，引入新的做法，采取行动并公开报告结果。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring trade-offs in forest carbon storage: A cost-effectiveness study of Nordic forests and harvested wood products 探索森林碳储存的权衡：北欧森林和采伐木材产品的成本效益研究

IF 3.8 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103619

Junhui Hu, Eirik Ogner Jåstad, Per Kristian Rørstad

Forest-based carbon sequestration plays an important role in climate mitigation, yet strategies vary widely in effectiveness and cost. This study compares two optimization goals in the Nordic forest sector, maximizing carbon in harvested wood products (HWP) and in avoided forest harvest plus HWPs. A partial equilibrium forest sector model (NFSM), combined with the method of Modeling to Generate Alternatives (MGA), is used to assess trade-offs between economic outcomes and carbon storage goals. Marginal abatement cost (MAC) curves are indirectly derived from the results. The analysis shows that maximizing avoided harvest and HWP achieves higher CO₂ gains at substantially lower costs (about €15–463/tCO₂) compared to only maximizing HWP (about €44–1200/tCO₂). In addition, the results reveal that carbon-focused strategies reshape industrial and trade dynamics in opposing ways. Bioeconomy-oriented approaches drive production and exports at higher carbon costs, while conservation-focused strategies reduce harvests and raise the risk of market leakage. These findings highlight the need for integrated policies that reduce reliance on product-based carbon storage while strengthening forest-based sequestration and storage.

以森林为基础的碳固存在减缓气候变化方面发挥着重要作用，但各种战略在有效性和成本方面差别很大。本研究比较了北欧林业部门的两个优化目标，即最大限度地提高采伐木材产品（HWP）的碳排放，以及避免森林采伐加上HWP的碳排放。部分平衡森林部门模型（NFSM）结合建模生成替代方案（MGA）方法，用于评估经济成果和碳储存目标之间的权衡。边际消减成本（MAC）曲线由结果间接导出。分析表明，与仅最大化HWP（约44-1200欧元/tCO₂）相比，最大化避免收获和HWP可以以更低的成本（约15-463欧元/tCO₂）获得更高的CO₂收益。此外，研究结果表明，以碳为重点的战略以相反的方式重塑工业和贸易动态。以生物经济为导向的方法以更高的碳成本推动生产和出口，而以保护为重点的战略减少了收成，并增加了市场泄漏的风险。这些发现强调需要制定综合政策，减少对基于产品的碳储存的依赖，同时加强基于森林的碳封存和储存。

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引用次数: 0