We report the formation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in, high density when mischmetal Mm (a natural mixture of several rare earth elements) is used as catalyst. Mm has been found to work as a better catalyst than either lanthanum (La) or cerium (Ce). The formation of composite nanorods when the catalyst La is used in very high concentration (∼90wt.%) has also been described and discussed.
{"title":"SYNTHESIS OF CARBON NANOTUBES THROUGH CARBON ARC EVAPORATION EMPLOYING Mm, La, AND Ce CATALYSTS","authors":"K. Awasthi, A. K. Singh, O. Srivastava","doi":"10.1081/FST-100104502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/FST-100104502","url":null,"abstract":"We report the formation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in, high density when mischmetal Mm (a natural mixture of several rare earth elements) is used as catalyst. Mm has been found to work as a better catalyst than either lanthanum (La) or cerium (Ce). The formation of composite nanorods when the catalyst La is used in very high concentration (∼90wt.%) has also been described and discussed.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"40 2 1","pages":"397 - 407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75864486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A monofunctionalised fullerene triphenylphosphonium salt has been synthesised to investigate the potential for adaptation of fullerenes for biological application. The redox properties of fullerenes make them effective radical scavengers and consequently they are potential antioxidants in biological systems The triphenylphosphonium moiety was chosen because this lipophilic cation increases both the solubility and membrane permeability of attached compounds, and has been used as a delivery agent in biological systems in other contexts. Furthermore, the triphenylphosphonium moiety binds tightly to cognate antibodies, facilitating linkage of attached molecules to proteins. Here we report on the interaction of a triphenylphosphonium fullerene salt with biological systems and its binding of antibodies against the triphenylphosponium moiety.
{"title":"SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF A FULLERENE TRIPHENYLPHOSPHONIUM SALT","authors":"C. Coulter, Robin A. J. Smith, M. Murphy","doi":"10.1081/FST-100104498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/FST-100104498","url":null,"abstract":"A monofunctionalised fullerene triphenylphosphonium salt has been synthesised to investigate the potential for adaptation of fullerenes for biological application. The redox properties of fullerenes make them effective radical scavengers and consequently they are potential antioxidants in biological systems The triphenylphosphonium moiety was chosen because this lipophilic cation increases both the solubility and membrane permeability of attached compounds, and has been used as a delivery agent in biological systems in other contexts. Furthermore, the triphenylphosphonium moiety binds tightly to cognate antibodies, facilitating linkage of attached molecules to proteins. Here we report on the interaction of a triphenylphosphonium fullerene salt with biological systems and its binding of antibodies against the triphenylphosponium moiety.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"339 - 350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82182789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fullerene[60] reacted easily with 2′, 3- dimethylazobenzene - 4-diazonium hydrogen sulfate to product Fullerene azobenzene derivatives, and the results showed that was a addition reaction of carbene intermediate.This addition mechanism was first clarified in this paper.
{"title":"SYNTHESIS OF FULLERENE AZOBENZENE DERIVATIVES","authors":"Naixing Wang, Ceng H. Sun, W. Liu","doi":"10.1081/FST-100104505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/FST-100104505","url":null,"abstract":"Fullerene[60] reacted easily with 2′, 3- dimethylazobenzene - 4-diazonium hydrogen sulfate to product Fullerene azobenzene derivatives, and the results showed that was a addition reaction of carbene intermediate.This addition mechanism was first clarified in this paper.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"49 4 1","pages":"429 - 432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72711435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Molecular dynamics simulations of the high temperature phase of C60 have been performed for different intermolecular potentials proposed previously for the intermolecular interactions in solid C60, i.e. the van der Waals (vdW) potential and two different bond charge models. In contrast to what has been previously inferred from a mean-field theory, bond charges do lead to a much better reproduction of the experimental results, including the preferred orientations of the C60 molecule, than the vdW potential.
本文对C60高温相进行了分子动力学模拟，采用了前人提出的C60固体分子间相互作用的不同分子间电位，即van der Waals (vdW)电位和两种不同的键荷模型。与之前从平均场理论推断的结果相反，键电荷确实比vdW电位能更好地再现实验结果，包括C60分子的偏好取向。
{"title":"MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF PREFERRED ORIENTATIONS IN THE HIGH TEMPERATURE PHASE OF C60","authors":"S. Chaplot, P. Schiebel, L. Pintschovius","doi":"10.1081/FST-100104500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/FST-100104500","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular dynamics simulations of the high temperature phase of C60 have been performed for different intermolecular potentials proposed previously for the intermolecular interactions in solid C60, i.e. the van der Waals (vdW) potential and two different bond charge models. In contrast to what has been previously inferred from a mean-field theory, bond charges do lead to a much better reproduction of the experimental results, including the preferred orientations of the C60 molecule, than the vdW potential.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"3 1","pages":"363 - 374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89093009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Goedde, P. Jakeš, M. Waiblinger, K. Dinse, A. Weidinger
Since endohedral fullerenes exhibit unique features there is growing demand for their production and purification in high quality and quantity. This work shows how the chromatographic enrichment process can be optimized, for the separation of N@C60 and N@C70 from their respective empty parent compounds.
{"title":"CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF N@C60/C60 AND N@C70/C70 MIXTURES","authors":"B. Goedde, P. Jakeš, M. Waiblinger, K. Dinse, A. Weidinger","doi":"10.1081/FST-100104497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/FST-100104497","url":null,"abstract":"Since endohedral fullerenes exhibit unique features there is growing demand for their production and purification in high quality and quantity. This work shows how the chromatographic enrichment process can be optimized, for the separation of N@C60 and N@C70 from their respective empty parent compounds.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"329 - 337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86690101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Tsao, Ching-ming Wu, H. Hsu, Ching-Chuan Liu, T. Luh, C. Chou, H. Lei
The effect of a water-soluble trimalonic acid derivative of fullerene, carboxyfullerene (C63(COOH)6), on the opening of blood-brain barrier (BBB) in Escherichia coli (E. coli)-induced meningitis was tested. In E. coli-induced meningitis model, the increase of BBB permeability was manifested in two distinct phases based on cytokine expression pattern and neutrophilic infiltration in B6 mice. An early increase in BBB permeability was occurred at 1–5 h post injection that could be blocked by either anti-TNF-αor anti-IL-1β antibodies. A late one (neutrophil-associated BBB opening) was manifested at 6–12 h that was inhibited by vinblastine pretreatment. Inhibition of the early E. coli-induced BBB opening blocked the development of the late one. Furthermore, the neutrophil-associated BBB opening (the late phase), but not cytokine- induced one (the early phase), was inhibited by a water-soluble carboxyfullerene.
{"title":"INHIBITION OF THE INCREASED PERMEABILITY OF BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER IN ESCHERICHIA COLI-INDUCED MENINGITIS BY CARBOXYFULLERENE","authors":"N. Tsao, Ching-ming Wu, H. Hsu, Ching-Chuan Liu, T. Luh, C. Chou, H. Lei","doi":"10.1081/FST-100104495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/FST-100104495","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of a water-soluble trimalonic acid derivative of fullerene, carboxyfullerene (C63(COOH)6), on the opening of blood-brain barrier (BBB) in Escherichia coli (E. coli)-induced meningitis was tested. In E. coli-induced meningitis model, the increase of BBB permeability was manifested in two distinct phases based on cytokine expression pattern and neutrophilic infiltration in B6 mice. An early increase in BBB permeability was occurred at 1–5 h post injection that could be blocked by either anti-TNF-αor anti-IL-1β antibodies. A late one (neutrophil-associated BBB opening) was manifested at 6–12 h that was inhibited by vinblastine pretreatment. Inhibition of the early E. coli-induced BBB opening blocked the development of the late one. Furthermore, the neutrophil-associated BBB opening (the late phase), but not cytokine- induced one (the early phase), was inhibited by a water-soluble carboxyfullerene.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"48 1","pages":"307 - 320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86043751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two star-like C60-polymethylmethacrylate (C60PMMA) copolymers, which are soluble in a wide range of organic solvents, have been synthesized by free-radical polymerization. The polymers can be described by the formula 1%C60PMMA and 10%C60PMMA. They consist of a C60 core with a maximum of 6 polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) chains. The difference between these derivatives is the weight distribution of C60. Nanosecond pulse radiolysis and laser flash photolysis studies, UV/VIS spectroscopic and fluorescence measurements have been performed to investigate the photophysical properties of 1%C60PMMA and 10%C60PMMA. The absorption spectra of the C60PMMA co-polymers exhibit a band at 210 to 220nm for PMMA and at 330nm for C60 independent of the solvent polarity showing that they have a small dipole moment in the electronic ground state. The triplet-triplet (T-T) absorption spectra of 10%C60PMMA in toluene and chloroform peak at the same wavelength and are broader than those of C60, indicating that they are addition spectra of 10%C60PMMA and neat C60. Physical addition of PMMA increases the solubility of C60 in chloroform, but does not change the T-T absorption spectrum, unless PMMA is chemically bound to C60. Gaussian band analysis of the T-T absorption spectra of 10%C60PMMA results in an additional band for pure 10%C60PMMA at (626.8±15.7)nm in toluene and (652.4±1.9)nm in chloroform. The triplet state lifetime of 10%C60PMMA is smaller than that of C60 at 79μs. The quantum yields of singlet oxygen production (ΦΔ) decrease with the C60 content in the co-polymer. The values for 1%C60PMMA and 10%C60PMMA in polar chloroform are 4% and 26% respectively. The intersystem crossing from S1 to T1 as well as the triplet state lifetime decrease with increasing number and length of PMMA chains connected to C60. 1%C60PMMA also shows no T-T absorption suggesting a relative high photochemical stability for 1%C60PMMA.
{"title":"TRIPLET STATE PROPERTIES OF C60PMMA CO-POLYMERS IN ORGANIC SOLUTION AND PMMA FILM","authors":"C. Schröder","doi":"10.1081/FST-100104494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/FST-100104494","url":null,"abstract":"Two star-like C60-polymethylmethacrylate (C60PMMA) copolymers, which are soluble in a wide range of organic solvents, have been synthesized by free-radical polymerization. The polymers can be described by the formula 1%C60PMMA and 10%C60PMMA. They consist of a C60 core with a maximum of 6 polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) chains. The difference between these derivatives is the weight distribution of C60. Nanosecond pulse radiolysis and laser flash photolysis studies, UV/VIS spectroscopic and fluorescence measurements have been performed to investigate the photophysical properties of 1%C60PMMA and 10%C60PMMA. The absorption spectra of the C60PMMA co-polymers exhibit a band at 210 to 220nm for PMMA and at 330nm for C60 independent of the solvent polarity showing that they have a small dipole moment in the electronic ground state. The triplet-triplet (T-T) absorption spectra of 10%C60PMMA in toluene and chloroform peak at the same wavelength and are broader than those of C60, indicating that they are addition spectra of 10%C60PMMA and neat C60. Physical addition of PMMA increases the solubility of C60 in chloroform, but does not change the T-T absorption spectrum, unless PMMA is chemically bound to C60. Gaussian band analysis of the T-T absorption spectra of 10%C60PMMA results in an additional band for pure 10%C60PMMA at (626.8±15.7)nm in toluene and (652.4±1.9)nm in chloroform. The triplet state lifetime of 10%C60PMMA is smaller than that of C60 at 79μs. The quantum yields of singlet oxygen production (ΦΔ) decrease with the C60 content in the co-polymer. The values for 1%C60PMMA and 10%C60PMMA in polar chloroform are 4% and 26% respectively. The intersystem crossing from S1 to T1 as well as the triplet state lifetime decrease with increasing number and length of PMMA chains connected to C60. 1%C60PMMA also shows no T-T absorption suggesting a relative high photochemical stability for 1%C60PMMA.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"98 1","pages":"281 - 305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85329422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. C. Kao, Yunjea Hwang, C. Cheng, Wen-Jwu Wang, Bo‐Cheng Wang, K. Hwang
Carbon nanotubes were produced by plasma discharging of graphite electrodes in air at 1 atm. The combined yield of CNTs and carbon nanoparticles is ∼20 wt % relative to the mass of cathode deposits or 14 wt% of graphite electrode consumed. The yields of CNTs and carbon nanoparticles under different inert gas atmospheres, such as He, Ar, N2, and air were compared.
{"title":"PRODUCTION OF CARBON NANOTUBES IN AIR","authors":"I. C. Kao, Yunjea Hwang, C. Cheng, Wen-Jwu Wang, Bo‐Cheng Wang, K. Hwang","doi":"10.1081/FST-100104496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/FST-100104496","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon nanotubes were produced by plasma discharging of graphite electrodes in air at 1 atm. The combined yield of CNTs and carbon nanoparticles is ∼20 wt % relative to the mass of cathode deposits or 14 wt% of graphite electrode consumed. The yields of CNTs and carbon nanoparticles under different inert gas atmospheres, such as He, Ar, N2, and air were compared.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"61 1","pages":"321 - 328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83964568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This review presents results on the application of fullerenes, [60]fullerene transition metal complexes and other fullerene-based materials in catalysis. Included are studies of hydrocarbon reactions catalyzed by C60 or fullerene black, hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds involving homogeneous and supported fullerene-containing catalysts and others.
{"title":"FULLERENES AND FULLERENE-BASED MATERIALS IN CATALYSIS","authors":"N. Goldshleger","doi":"10.1081/FST-100104493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/FST-100104493","url":null,"abstract":"This review presents results on the application of fullerenes, [60]fullerene transition metal complexes and other fullerene-based materials in catalysis. Included are studies of hydrocarbon reactions catalyzed by C60 or fullerene black, hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds involving homogeneous and supported fullerene-containing catalysts and others.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"56 1","pages":"255 - 280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83868954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shiang-Suo Huang, Lan Hui Chih, C. Lin, L. Chiang, T. Mashino, M. Mochizuki, K. Okuda, T. Hirota, M. Tsai, M. Tsai
The effects of hexasulfobutylated (FC4S), the fullerene derivative on the contraction of smooth muscle were tested pharmacologically on the circular muscle of stomach of guinea pigs. The effects of monomalonic acid C60 (MMA C60) on the same preparations were compared. The effects of those compounds on the taenia coli, portal vein and vas deferens of guinea pigs were also tested. The FC4S did, while MMA C60 did not elicit contracture of the circular muscle of stomach and taenia coli. Both FC4S and MMA C60 did not elicit contraction on the portal vein and on the vas deferens of the guinea pig. Prazosin (0.5 μM) or propranolol (0.5 μM) did not alter the FC4S elicit contracture of the circular muscle of stomach. However, atropine (0.01, 0.1 and 1 μM), tetrodotoxin (0.1 μM) or low calcium medium decreased reversibly the FC4S elicited contracture of the circular muscle of stomach. The effect of FC4S on the contracture of the gastric muscles was also tested using various muscarinic receptor subtype antagonists. 4-DAMP (1 μM), muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist, and tropicamide (1 μM), muscarinic M4 receptor antagonist, did not alter the contracture elicited by FC4S. Pirenzepine (0.1 μM), muscarinic M1 receptor antagonist, and methoctramine (0.25 μM), muscarinic M2 receptor antagonist, significantly decreased the FC4S elicited contracture of the circular muscle. Atropine (1 μM) or tetrodotoxin (0.1 μM) completely blocked the FC4S elicited contracture of the circular muscle of stomach. It is concluded that FC4S elicited contracture of the circular muscle of stomach. The effect may be due to FC4S acts on the cholinergic cells existed in the gastric muscle and indirectly activating the tetrodotoxin dependent releasing of the transmitters from the cells, then, activating the muscarinice M1, M2 receptors in the muscle eliciting the contractures.
{"title":"EFFECTS OF HEXASULFOBUTYLATED C60 ON THE GASTRIC CIRCULAR MUSCLE OF GUINEA PIG","authors":"Shiang-Suo Huang, Lan Hui Chih, C. Lin, L. Chiang, T. Mashino, M. Mochizuki, K. Okuda, T. Hirota, M. Tsai, M. Tsai","doi":"10.1081/FST-100104501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/FST-100104501","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of hexasulfobutylated (FC4S), the fullerene derivative on the contraction of smooth muscle were tested pharmacologically on the circular muscle of stomach of guinea pigs. The effects of monomalonic acid C60 (MMA C60) on the same preparations were compared. The effects of those compounds on the taenia coli, portal vein and vas deferens of guinea pigs were also tested. The FC4S did, while MMA C60 did not elicit contracture of the circular muscle of stomach and taenia coli. Both FC4S and MMA C60 did not elicit contraction on the portal vein and on the vas deferens of the guinea pig. Prazosin (0.5 μM) or propranolol (0.5 μM) did not alter the FC4S elicit contracture of the circular muscle of stomach. However, atropine (0.01, 0.1 and 1 μM), tetrodotoxin (0.1 μM) or low calcium medium decreased reversibly the FC4S elicited contracture of the circular muscle of stomach. The effect of FC4S on the contracture of the gastric muscles was also tested using various muscarinic receptor subtype antagonists. 4-DAMP (1 μM), muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist, and tropicamide (1 μM), muscarinic M4 receptor antagonist, did not alter the contracture elicited by FC4S. Pirenzepine (0.1 μM), muscarinic M1 receptor antagonist, and methoctramine (0.25 μM), muscarinic M2 receptor antagonist, significantly decreased the FC4S elicited contracture of the circular muscle. Atropine (1 μM) or tetrodotoxin (0.1 μM) completely blocked the FC4S elicited contracture of the circular muscle of stomach. It is concluded that FC4S elicited contracture of the circular muscle of stomach. The effect may be due to FC4S acts on the cholinergic cells existed in the gastric muscle and indirectly activating the tetrodotoxin dependent releasing of the transmitters from the cells, then, activating the muscarinice M1, M2 receptors in the muscle eliciting the contractures.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"74 1","pages":"375 - 395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74442245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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