We have investigated the photopolymerization and thermal decomposition of photochemical products with high density excitation (11–480 mW/mm2) by means of time-gated Raman scattering experiments in C60 single crystal. The temperature of laser-illuminated area was measured by Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman scattering of C60 Hg(1) mode, which shows the local temperature rise with increase of laser power density. The Raman intensity of Ag(2) mode rapidly decreases with irradiation time for I<170 mW/mm2 indicating the rapid decrease in C60 monomer density due to photopolymerization. For higher power densities, however, the Raman intensity increases after showing a minimum, which suggests a dissociation of photopolymers. The results are well explained by the rate equation model taking into account photochemical generation and thermal decomposition of photo-produced dimers. These results indicate the strong laser illumination simultaneously induces the photopolymerization and thermal decomposition.
{"title":"PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION AND THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF POLYMERIZED PHASE IN C60 CRYSTALS UNDER STRONG LASER ILLUMINATION","authors":"M. Sakai, M. Ichida, A. Nakamura","doi":"10.1081/FST-100104499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/FST-100104499","url":null,"abstract":"We have investigated the photopolymerization and thermal decomposition of photochemical products with high density excitation (11–480 mW/mm2) by means of time-gated Raman scattering experiments in C60 single crystal. The temperature of laser-illuminated area was measured by Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman scattering of C60 Hg(1) mode, which shows the local temperature rise with increase of laser power density. The Raman intensity of Ag(2) mode rapidly decreases with irradiation time for I<170 mW/mm2 indicating the rapid decrease in C60 monomer density due to photopolymerization. For higher power densities, however, the Raman intensity increases after showing a minimum, which suggests a dissociation of photopolymers. The results are well explained by the rate equation model taking into account photochemical generation and thermal decomposition of photo-produced dimers. These results indicate the strong laser illumination simultaneously induces the photopolymerization and thermal decomposition.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"93 ","pages":"351 - 361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91511094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Complex of C60 with 4, 6-dinitrobenzofuroxan was first obtained in this paper, the product was isolated by column chromatography and was identified by FD-MS UV-Vis, FT-IR spectrum.
{"title":"A COMPLEX OF [60]FULLERENE WITH DINITROBENZOFUROXAN","authors":"Naixing Wang, C.-H. Sun, W. Liu","doi":"10.1081/FST-100104504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/FST-100104504","url":null,"abstract":"The Complex of C60 with 4, 6-dinitrobenzofuroxan was first obtained in this paper, the product was isolated by column chromatography and was identified by FD-MS UV-Vis, FT-IR spectrum.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":"425 - 427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73934316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Graphite and carbon black N234 radiation damaged with γ radiation or with neutron bombardment have been studied with Raman spectroscopy. The radiation damaging results completely evident in the case of graphite with the development of the ID band, but it is less evident in the case of an already disordered material like carbon black. The radiation damage caused by γ radiation appears comparable to that caused by neutrons, at least for the radiation dose used. Moreover, in both cases there are evidences that the radiation-induced defects appear in carbon material under the form of fullerene-like sites (onion-like carbon and carbon nanotubes) as well as under the form of hexagonal diamond and hence sp3 hybridized carbon. Neutron damaged carbon black once treated with laser light at 782 nm shows a featureless Raman spectrum with a maximum at 2287 cm−1 suggesting that neutron bombardment followed by laser light annealing causes the formation of carbyne (polyyne) domains. The radiation treatment of graphite, carbon black and even amorphous precipitated silica enhances in a spectacular way their natural rubber adsorption power. This has been measured through the “bound rubber phenomenon” which is the irreversible rubber grafting reaction on filler surface. This enhancement has been attributed to the increased concentration of “defective” sites on filler surface induced by radiation treatment which improves the rubberfiller interaction. Another macroscopic consequence of this increased interaction can be manifested in SBR-based or in natural rubber based vulcanizates filled with radiation pre-treated carbon blacks. In both cases a dramatic improvement in the reinforcing effect as measured by stress-strain curve can be observed.
{"title":"SOME IMPLICATIONS OF THE RADIATION-TREATMENT OF GRAPHITE AND CARBON BLACK","authors":"F. Cataldo","doi":"10.1081/FST-100104503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/FST-100104503","url":null,"abstract":"Graphite and carbon black N234 radiation damaged with γ radiation or with neutron bombardment have been studied with Raman spectroscopy. The radiation damaging results completely evident in the case of graphite with the development of the ID band, but it is less evident in the case of an already disordered material like carbon black. The radiation damage caused by γ radiation appears comparable to that caused by neutrons, at least for the radiation dose used. Moreover, in both cases there are evidences that the radiation-induced defects appear in carbon material under the form of fullerene-like sites (onion-like carbon and carbon nanotubes) as well as under the form of hexagonal diamond and hence sp3 hybridized carbon. Neutron damaged carbon black once treated with laser light at 782 nm shows a featureless Raman spectrum with a maximum at 2287 cm−1 suggesting that neutron bombardment followed by laser light annealing causes the formation of carbyne (polyyne) domains. The radiation treatment of graphite, carbon black and even amorphous precipitated silica enhances in a spectacular way their natural rubber adsorption power. This has been measured through the “bound rubber phenomenon” which is the irreversible rubber grafting reaction on filler surface. This enhancement has been attributed to the increased concentration of “defective” sites on filler surface induced by radiation treatment which improves the rubberfiller interaction. Another macroscopic consequence of this increased interaction can be manifested in SBR-based or in natural rubber based vulcanizates filled with radiation pre-treated carbon blacks. In both cases a dramatic improvement in the reinforcing effect as measured by stress-strain curve can be observed.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"329 1","pages":"409 - 424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80449666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A brief survey of the experimental facts related to the recently developed method of the selective preparation of fluorofullerenes is presented. The method is based on the solid-state reactions between fullerene and transition metal fluorides accompanied by simultaneous distillation of the volatile products. Thermodynamic and kinetic analyses of the process led us to the conclusion on the importance of consideration of the elementary act, that is detachment of fluorine atoms from the metal fluoride surface and consecutive F attachment to the C60 molecules. A criterion for the selection of the fluorinating agent for the synthesis of specific fluorofullerenes is proposed on the basis of the approach, analogous to the Bell-Evans-Polanyi's (BEP) model. This approach involves a near-linear correlation between activation energy and enthalpy for the series of elementary reactions for fluorofullerene homologues.
{"title":"SELECTIVITY IN FLUORINATION OF FULLERENES","authors":"A. Y. Borshchevsky, O. Boltalina, L. Sidorov","doi":"10.1081/FST-100102965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/FST-100102965","url":null,"abstract":"A brief survey of the experimental facts related to the recently developed method of the selective preparation of fluorofullerenes is presented. The method is based on the solid-state reactions between fullerene and transition metal fluorides accompanied by simultaneous distillation of the volatile products. Thermodynamic and kinetic analyses of the process led us to the conclusion on the importance of consideration of the elementary act, that is detachment of fluorine atoms from the metal fluoride surface and consecutive F attachment to the C60 molecules. A criterion for the selection of the fluorinating agent for the synthesis of specific fluorofullerenes is proposed on the basis of the approach, analogous to the Bell-Evans-Polanyi's (BEP) model. This approach involves a near-linear correlation between activation energy and enthalpy for the series of elementary reactions for fluorofullerene homologues.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"14 1","pages":"175 - 190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88147839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neutral and anionic C60(CN)2 were investigated with electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mass spectrometry. It was observed that its anions underwent cyano- group and oxygen transfer, and dimerization processes in ESI conditions to form C60(CN)3H−, C60(CN)2(OH2)−, [C60(CN)3H]− 2, [C60(CN)2(OH2)]− 2 and [(C60)2(CN)2(OH)]−. Meanwhile, neutral C60(CN)2, for which no signal was observed in ESIMS, showed a base peak corresponding to C60(CN)2Cl− in APCIMS spectra with CHCl3 used as solvent, while only a molecular ion peak corresponding to C60(CN)− 2 was observed for the toluene solution of neutral C60(CN)2 in the same conditions. Possible mechanisms for group transfer and dimerization were proposed based on these observations.
{"title":"GROUP TRANSFER AND DIMERIZATION PROCESSES OF C60(CN)2 UNDER ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE IONIZATION CONDITIONS","authors":"Z. Suo, Xian‐Wen Wei, Y. Mei, Kuang Lin, Zheng Xu","doi":"10.1081/FST-100102968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/FST-100102968","url":null,"abstract":"Neutral and anionic C60(CN)2 were investigated with electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mass spectrometry. It was observed that its anions underwent cyano- group and oxygen transfer, and dimerization processes in ESI conditions to form C60(CN)3H−, C60(CN)2(OH2)−, [C60(CN)3H]− 2, [C60(CN)2(OH2)]− 2 and [(C60)2(CN)2(OH)]−. Meanwhile, neutral C60(CN)2, for which no signal was observed in ESIMS, showed a base peak corresponding to C60(CN)2Cl− in APCIMS spectra with CHCl3 used as solvent, while only a molecular ion peak corresponding to C60(CN)− 2 was observed for the toluene solution of neutral C60(CN)2 in the same conditions. Possible mechanisms for group transfer and dimerization were proposed based on these observations.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"49 1","pages":"211 - 223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91388290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Prylutskyy, S. Durov, Leonid A. Bulavin, I. Adamenko, K. O. Moroz, Andrzej Graja, A. Bogucki, P. Scharf
The structure, vibrational and calorical properties of fullerene C60 in toluene solution were investigated both experimentally and theoretically in detail. The aggregation kinetics results indicated that the structure of C60 aggregates in toluene could be described as a fractal system. The electronic absorption spectra of C60 toluene solution with different concentration testify to the molecular character of absorption. The vibrational spectrum of smallest stable spherical cluster formed from the 13 single fullerene C60 molecules in toluene solution was calculated using the molecular dynamics approach and compared with Raman spectroscopy data. The numerical values of thermodynamical coefficients αP, βT,βS, cP, cV and sound velocity were determined from the (P-ρ-T) data measured for C60 toluene solution.
{"title":"STRUCTURE, VIBRATIONAL, AND CALORICAL PROPERTIES OF FULLERENE C60IN TOLUENE SOLUTION","authors":"Y. Prylutskyy, S. Durov, Leonid A. Bulavin, I. Adamenko, K. O. Moroz, Andrzej Graja, A. Bogucki, P. Scharf","doi":"10.1081/FST-100102964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/FST-100102964","url":null,"abstract":"The structure, vibrational and calorical properties of fullerene C60 in toluene solution were investigated both experimentally and theoretically in detail. The aggregation kinetics results indicated that the structure of C60 aggregates in toluene could be described as a fractal system. The electronic absorption spectra of C60 toluene solution with different concentration testify to the molecular character of absorption. The vibrational spectrum of smallest stable spherical cluster formed from the 13 single fullerene C60 molecules in toluene solution was calculated using the molecular dynamics approach and compared with Raman spectroscopy data. The numerical values of thermodynamical coefficients αP, βT,βS, cP, cV and sound velocity were determined from the (P-ρ-T) data measured for C60 toluene solution.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"167 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88906450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fullerene soot with a high content of single-wall carbon nanotubes was tested to assess its potential biochemical activity. The results of dermatological trials did not show any signs of health hazard related to skin irritation and allergic risks.
{"title":"CARBON NANOTUBES: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FOR A NULL RISK OF SKIN IRRITATION AND ALLERGY","authors":"A. Huczko, H. Lange","doi":"10.1081/FST-100102972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/FST-100102972","url":null,"abstract":"Fullerene soot with a high content of single-wall carbon nanotubes was tested to assess its potential biochemical activity. The results of dermatological trials did not show any signs of health hazard related to skin irritation and allergic risks.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"247 - 250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79171442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After a short review on carbon allotropes and on the techniques which have been proved effective in the introduction fullerene-like sites in carbon solids, the review focuses of carbyne. The most recent approaches in the carbyne synthesis are reviewed. The deconvoluted Raman spectrum of a carbonaceous solid prepared through Glaser synthesis and containing carbyne domains, diamond-like carbon is presented and discussed in comparison to previous solid state 13C-NMR data.
{"title":"RAMAN SCATTERING INVESTIGATION OF CARBYNOID AND DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON","authors":"F. Cataldo","doi":"10.1081/FST-100102962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/FST-100102962","url":null,"abstract":"After a short review on carbon allotropes and on the techniques which have been proved effective in the introduction fullerene-like sites in carbon solids, the review focuses of carbyne. The most recent approaches in the carbyne synthesis are reviewed. The deconvoluted Raman spectrum of a carbonaceous solid prepared through Glaser synthesis and containing carbyne domains, diamond-like carbon is presented and discussed in comparison to previous solid state 13C-NMR data.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":"153 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79762143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Huczko, H. Lange, E. Calko, H. Grubek-Jaworska, P. Droszcz
To determine whether carbon nanotubes can induce any significant health hazards we applied methods routinely used in the pathophysiological testing of asbestos-induced disease to show that the soot with a high content of CNTs does not induce any abnormalities of pulmonary function or measurable inflammation in guinea pigs treated with carbon nanotubes.
{"title":"PHYSIOLOGICAL TESTING OF CARBON NANOTUBES: ARE THEY ASBESTOS-LIKE?","authors":"A. Huczko, H. Lange, E. Calko, H. Grubek-Jaworska, P. Droszcz","doi":"10.1081/FST-100102973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/FST-100102973","url":null,"abstract":"To determine whether carbon nanotubes can induce any significant health hazards we applied methods routinely used in the pathophysiological testing of asbestos-induced disease to show that the soot with a high content of CNTs does not induce any abnormalities of pulmonary function or measurable inflammation in guinea pigs treated with carbon nanotubes.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":"251 - 254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86998371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A deep understanding of fullerene-surface interaction regularities is a key to widespread fullerene use. We have studied C60 molecular adsorption, thermal transformation and initial film growth stages on four transition metals: W, Mo, Re and Ir in the wide temperature range 300–2000K. Experiments were performed in ultra-high vacuum (UHV) at P < 10−9 Torr by high resolution Auger electron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and thermal desorption mass-spectrometry using an absolutely calibrated flux of the depositing C60 molecules.
{"title":"C60 DECOMPOSITION ON SOME TRANSITION METAL AND SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACES","authors":"N. Gall’, E. Rut'kov, A. Tontegode","doi":"10.1081/FST-100102971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/FST-100102971","url":null,"abstract":"A deep understanding of fullerene-surface interaction regularities is a key to widespread fullerene use. We have studied C60 molecular adsorption, thermal transformation and initial film growth stages on four transition metals: W, Mo, Re and Ir in the wide temperature range 300–2000K. Experiments were performed in ultra-high vacuum (UHV) at P < 10−9 Torr by high resolution Auger electron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and thermal desorption mass-spectrometry using an absolutely calibrated flux of the depositing C60 molecules.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":"241 - 246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78015890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：