C70 is incorporated in gel by a sol-gel process with using 3-amino-propyltriethoxysilane (NH2(CH2)3Si(OC2H5)3, APTS) and 3-glycidoxypropltrimethoxysilane (CH2OCHCH2O(CH2)3Si(OCH3)3, GPTMS) as precursors. C70 is firstly mixed with APTS to form C70-NH2(CH2)3Si(OC2H5)3 compound by the reaction between C70 and amino-group of APTS, and then the compound is hybridized with GPTMS to form solid gel. The linkage of C70 and APTS is estimated and confirmed with FT-IR spectra, and the UV/Visible spectra of the sol and gel are measured.
{"title":"INCORPORATED C70 IN SOL AND GEL","authors":"H. Xia, Q. Nie, Jian-li Zhang, Yuepin Zhang","doi":"10.1081/FST-100102963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/FST-100102963","url":null,"abstract":"C70 is incorporated in gel by a sol-gel process with using 3-amino-propyltriethoxysilane (NH2(CH2)3Si(OC2H5)3, APTS) and 3-glycidoxypropltrimethoxysilane (CH2OCHCH2O(CH2)3Si(OCH3)3, GPTMS) as precursors. C70 is firstly mixed with APTS to form C70-NH2(CH2)3Si(OC2H5)3 compound by the reaction between C70 and amino-group of APTS, and then the compound is hybridized with GPTMS to form solid gel. The linkage of C70 and APTS is estimated and confirmed with FT-IR spectra, and the UV/Visible spectra of the sol and gel are measured.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"12 1","pages":"161 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75267807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Vacík, V. Hnatowicz, J. Červená, H. Naramoto, S. Yamamoto, D. Fink
To determinate the stopping cross section in fullerite a feasible approach, taking into account the high radiation sensitivity and mechanical fragility of fullerite films, should be employed. In this work, the stopping cross sections of 1H, 3H, 4He and 7Li ions for several selected energies were measured by Rutherford backscattering, neutron depth profiling and alpha spectroscopy using sandwich structures of samples composed of fullerite deposited on a firm substrate (Si, steel) with an intermediate marker (Au, N, Li, B, Pu). In addition, ion transmission through a thin C film supporting a fullerite layer was also utilized. The measured stopping cross sections follow the theoretical predictions calculated for carbon, but are systematically (10–35%) higher than the theoretical ones (with the exception of 5 — 5.5 MeV 4He). The observed deviation of the experimental data can partly be explained by the chemical state effects in fullerite, which accounts for about 20–50% of the difference. The measured energy straggling exceeds Bohr's value by a factor of about 2 for alpha spectroscopy and ion transmission, and 2.5 or 9.5 for Rutherford backscattering and neutron depth profiling, respectively. The discrepancy can be explained by a thickness variation, such as surface roughness of the fullerite films.
{"title":"ENERGY LOSS AND ENERGY STRAGGLING OF LIGHT IONS IN FULLERITE","authors":"J. Vacík, V. Hnatowicz, J. Červená, H. Naramoto, S. Yamamoto, D. Fink","doi":"10.1081/FST-100102967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/FST-100102967","url":null,"abstract":"To determinate the stopping cross section in fullerite a feasible approach, taking into account the high radiation sensitivity and mechanical fragility of fullerite films, should be employed. In this work, the stopping cross sections of 1H, 3H, 4He and 7Li ions for several selected energies were measured by Rutherford backscattering, neutron depth profiling and alpha spectroscopy using sandwich structures of samples composed of fullerite deposited on a firm substrate (Si, steel) with an intermediate marker (Au, N, Li, B, Pu). In addition, ion transmission through a thin C film supporting a fullerite layer was also utilized. The measured stopping cross sections follow the theoretical predictions calculated for carbon, but are systematically (10–35%) higher than the theoretical ones (with the exception of 5 — 5.5 MeV 4He). The observed deviation of the experimental data can partly be explained by the chemical state effects in fullerite, which accounts for about 20–50% of the difference. The measured energy straggling exceeds Bohr's value by a factor of about 2 for alpha spectroscopy and ion transmission, and 2.5 or 9.5 for Rutherford backscattering and neutron depth profiling, respectively. The discrepancy can be explained by a thickness variation, such as surface roughness of the fullerite films.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"85 1","pages":"197 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84016672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We have synthesized fullerene derivatives, C60[CO(CH2)5O(CH2)4SO3Na]6 (FC10S), which consists of a C60 cage covalently bonded with six sulfonated arms for a high water solubility. We study the aggregation structures of the novel C60-derivatives in 0.1 M NaCl aqueous solutions by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). In the concentration range studied, 0.5 wt% to 2 wt %, the rod-like structure of FC10S aggregates has a radius of 20 Å and a rod-length about 150 Å at 25°C, and the aggregation structure is insensitive to the concentration change. The aggregates, however, grow in length as the temperature increases, while the radius increases slightly with increasing temperature.
{"title":"TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT AGGREGATION STRUCTURES OF FULLERENE-BASED IONOMERS IN ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS","authors":"W. Liu, U. Jeng, T. Lin, T. Cateenwala, L. Chiang","doi":"10.1081/FST-100102960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/FST-100102960","url":null,"abstract":"We have synthesized fullerene derivatives, C60[CO(CH2)5O(CH2)4SO3Na]6 (FC10S), which consists of a C60 cage covalently bonded with six sulfonated arms for a high water solubility. We study the aggregation structures of the novel C60-derivatives in 0.1 M NaCl aqueous solutions by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). In the concentration range studied, 0.5 wt% to 2 wt %, the rod-like structure of FC10S aggregates has a radius of 20 Å and a rod-length about 150 Å at 25°C, and the aggregation structure is insensitive to the concentration change. The aggregates, however, grow in length as the temperature increases, while the radius increases slightly with increasing temperature.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"34 1","pages":"131 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89712882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, we report the production of NbSe2 (niobium diselenide) nanotubes formed by irradiating NbSe2 with high doses of electron irradiation. The apparatus used for the irradiation was a 2 MeV Van de Graaff accelerator at the following conditions: voltage 1.3 MeV, current 5 μA, dose rate 25 kGy/min, and total dosage 1000 kGy. These conditions were maintained fixed while irradiation dosage was changed between 100, 250 and 500 Mrad. We observed enormous and very well defined nanotubes with a length of several nm and width of a few nm, which are hollow and capped at one end. As the level of irradiation is increased to 500 Mrad, onion-like structures were observed.
在这项工作中，我们报道了用高剂量的电子辐照NbSe2形成的NbSe2(二硒化铌)纳米管的生产。辐照装置为2 MeV Van de Graaff加速器，辐照条件为:电压1.3 MeV，电流5 μA，剂量率25 kGy/min，总剂量1000 kGy。当辐照剂量在100、250和500毫微克之间变化时，这些条件保持不变。我们观察到长几纳米，宽几纳米的巨大且非常清晰的纳米管，它们是中空的，一端有盖子。当辐照量增加到500mrad时，观察到洋葱状结构。
{"title":"EFFECT OF ELECTRONIC IRRADIATION IN THE PRODUCTION OF NbSe2 NANOTUBES","authors":"D. Galván, Jun-Ho Kim, M. Maple, E. Adem","doi":"10.1081/FST-100102969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/FST-100102969","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we report the production of NbSe2 (niobium diselenide) nanotubes formed by irradiating NbSe2 with high doses of electron irradiation. The apparatus used for the irradiation was a 2 MeV Van de Graaff accelerator at the following conditions: voltage 1.3 MeV, current 5 μA, dose rate 25 kGy/min, and total dosage 1000 kGy. These conditions were maintained fixed while irradiation dosage was changed between 100, 250 and 500 Mrad. We observed enormous and very well defined nanotubes with a length of several nm and width of a few nm, which are hollow and capped at one end. As the level of irradiation is increased to 500 Mrad, onion-like structures were observed.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"66 1","pages":"225 - 232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73022238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
[60]Fullerene derivative 1 containing of an α-ylide group exists as a mixture of E and Z isomers. Treatment of 1 with MgBr2 or LiI in CDCl3 under ultrasonic agitation gave an adduct in which the carbonyl oxygen of α-ylide ester moiety in 1 is coordinated to the metal ion. The NMR spectra show that the adducts exist as a single isomeric form. After ultrasonic agitation, the adducts gradually revert to the original E,Z-mixture owing to slow absorption of moisture. Further ultrasonic treatment of the mixture resumes the complexation as long as enough anhydrous metal halides are still present.
{"title":"INTERACTION OF MAGNESIUM AND LITHIUM IONS WITH [60]FULLERENE DERIVATIVES BEARING A PHOSPHORUS YLIDE GROUP","authors":"Shih‐Ching Chuang, Huaiting Shih, Chien‐Hong Cheng","doi":"10.1081/FST-100102970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/FST-100102970","url":null,"abstract":"[60]Fullerene derivative 1 containing of an α-ylide group exists as a mixture of E and Z isomers. Treatment of 1 with MgBr2 or LiI in CDCl3 under ultrasonic agitation gave an adduct in which the carbonyl oxygen of α-ylide ester moiety in 1 is coordinated to the metal ion. The NMR spectra show that the adducts exist as a single isomeric form. After ultrasonic agitation, the adducts gradually revert to the original E,Z-mixture owing to slow absorption of moisture. Further ultrasonic treatment of the mixture resumes the complexation as long as enough anhydrous metal halides are still present.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"77 1","pages":"233 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85706555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Mashino, K. Okuda, T. Hirota, M. Hirobe, T. Nagano, M. Mochizuki
Fullerene derivatives which have carboxylic acid moiety effectively inhibited glutathione reductase activity. Preincubation of the reductase and fullerene derivative at 37°C enhanced the inhibition activity.
{"title":"INHIBITORY EFFECT OF FULLERENE DERIVATIVES ON GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE","authors":"T. Mashino, K. Okuda, T. Hirota, M. Hirobe, T. Nagano, M. Mochizuki","doi":"10.1081/FST-100102966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/FST-100102966","url":null,"abstract":"Fullerene derivatives which have carboxylic acid moiety effectively inhibited glutathione reductase activity. Preincubation of the reductase and fullerene derivative at 37°C enhanced the inhibition activity.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"75 1","pages":"191 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86289026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Satoh, T. Mashino, T. Nagano, M. Hirobe, I. Takayanagi, K. Koike
Inhibitory effects of newly synthesized fullerene C60 derivatives 1 (C60-bis(N,N-dimethylpyrrolidinium iodide)), 2 (C60-proline-N-acetic acid) and 3 (C60-ethylenediamine-N, N′-diacetic acid) on acetylcholine-induced relaxation in endothelium-intact rabbit thoracic aorta precontracted by phenylephrine (10−6 M) were studied. Fullerene C60 derivative 1 (3 × 10−6 M), 2 (10−5 M) and 3 (10−5 M) reduced the maximum amplitude of the acetylcholine-induced relaxation without significantly changing the pD2 values obtained from the concentration - response curves. In the presence of fullerene C60 derivative 1 (10−5 M) the acetylcholine-induced relaxation was eliminated and an acetylcholine-induced contraction was observed. These results suggest that fullerene C60 derivative 1 strongly inhibits endothelium (nitric oxide)-dependent acetylcholine-induced relaxation in thoracic aorta of rabbit.
{"title":"INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF FULLERENE C60 DERIVATIVES ON ENDOTHELIUM-DERIVED RELAXATION IN RABBIT THORACIC AORTA","authors":"M. Satoh, T. Mashino, T. Nagano, M. Hirobe, I. Takayanagi, K. Koike","doi":"10.1081/FST-100102961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/FST-100102961","url":null,"abstract":"Inhibitory effects of newly synthesized fullerene C60 derivatives 1 (C60-bis(N,N-dimethylpyrrolidinium iodide)), 2 (C60-proline-N-acetic acid) and 3 (C60-ethylenediamine-N, N′-diacetic acid) on acetylcholine-induced relaxation in endothelium-intact rabbit thoracic aorta precontracted by phenylephrine (10−6 M) were studied. Fullerene C60 derivative 1 (3 × 10−6 M), 2 (10−5 M) and 3 (10−5 M) reduced the maximum amplitude of the acetylcholine-induced relaxation without significantly changing the pD2 values obtained from the concentration - response curves. In the presence of fullerene C60 derivative 1 (10−5 M) the acetylcholine-induced relaxation was eliminated and an acetylcholine-induced contraction was observed. These results suggest that fullerene C60 derivative 1 strongly inhibits endothelium (nitric oxide)-dependent acetylcholine-induced relaxation in thoracic aorta of rabbit.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"175 1","pages":"141 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89264713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is shown by AM1 and MM+ calculations that the heat of formation of chlorinated derivatives of C60 reaches a minimum for adducts having 20–26 chlorine atoms. Another minimum (at higher energy than the previous) is observed for the adduct having 36 chlorine atoms. The theoretical results obtained are compared with the previous experimental results. Some of the experimental results can now be more easily understood. The electronic spectra of chlorinated derivatives and the thermodynamic spontaneity of the nucleophilic substitution reaction of chlorofullerene are also elucidated by means of theoretical calculations.
{"title":"CHLORINATED FULLERENES: A THEORETICAL STUDY","authors":"P. Mondini, F. Cataldo","doi":"10.1081/FST-100000162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/FST-100000162","url":null,"abstract":"It is shown by AM1 and MM+ calculations that the heat of formation of chlorinated derivatives of C60 reaches a minimum for adducts having 20–26 chlorine atoms. Another minimum (at higher energy than the previous) is observed for the adduct having 36 chlorine atoms. The theoretical results obtained are compared with the previous experimental results. Some of the experimental results can now be more easily understood. The electronic spectra of chlorinated derivatives and the thermodynamic spontaneity of the nucleophilic substitution reaction of chlorofullerene are also elucidated by means of theoretical calculations.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"50 1","pages":"25 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81478671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ozonation of a solution of C60 in toluene results in the formation of several unstable compounds C60X and C60Y[1–5] which decay completely at room temperature within about 1 h. The products are oxides C60O[6,6], C60O2[I], C60O2[II], and possibly an isomer of C60O3. The transformations are not due to oxidation by atmospheric oxygen but are spontaneous. The ozonation of a solution of C60O[6,6] in toluene results in the formation of two unstable compounds C60Z[1–2] which also decay completely to C60O2[I] and C60O2[II]. It is suggested that all unstable “parents” are ozonides.
{"title":"UNSTABLE PRODUCTS FROM THE OZONATION OF C60 IN SOLVENTS","authors":"D. Heymann, F. Cataldo","doi":"10.1081/FST-100000166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/FST-100000166","url":null,"abstract":"The ozonation of a solution of C60 in toluene results in the formation of several unstable compounds C60X and C60Y[1–5] which decay completely at room temperature within about 1 h. The products are oxides C60O[6,6], C60O2[I], C60O2[II], and possibly an isomer of C60O3. The transformations are not due to oxidation by atmospheric oxygen but are spontaneous. The ozonation of a solution of C60O[6,6] in toluene results in the formation of two unstable compounds C60Z[1–2] which also decay completely to C60O2[I] and C60O2[II]. It is suggested that all unstable “parents” are ozonides.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"39 1","pages":"71 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88658408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"QUINUCLIDINE DERIVATIVES IN CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS WITH FULLERENES [60]- AND [70]-","authors":"M. M. García, A. Ochoa, F. Lara-ochoa, R. Cruz-Almanza","doi":"10.1081/FST-100000168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/FST-100000168","url":null,"abstract":"Diels-Alder reactions of quinuclidines with fullerenes C60 and C70 and mono- and bisadducts from the fullerenes C60 and C70 are reported.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"179 1","pages":"102 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89002346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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