Pub Date : 2025-01-10DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2024.1483805
Jing Yuan, Yili Gao, Nan Wang, Tianhua Jiang, Zhaolong Cheng
Cetacean ecology has been poorly studied in the Shanghai-Zhejiang waters of East China Sea, seriously hindering appropriate local conservation practices. Here stranding records from 1953 to 2023 around the Shanghai-Zhejiang waters were collated from literature, media, and social websites to clarify species composition and spatio-temporal variations of cetacean strandings. A total of 138 stranding records involving 197 individuals across 23 species were identified, comprising four Mysticeti and Odontoceti species. Cetacean stranding records occurred extensively along the Shanghai-Zhejiang coastline throughout the year and have grown swiftly since the 2000s. Narrow-ridged finless porpoise Neophocaena asiaeorientalis and common minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata were the most frequently stranded species. Over 84% of the stranding events involved only a single individual. Melon-headed whale Peponocephala electra predominated in mass stranding incidents. Spatially, the stranding reports showed a significant cluttering distribution pattern. Clustering of cetacean records occurred in the Yangtze River estuary, downstream region of Qiantang River, southeastern of Ningbo, and Oujiang River estuary. Seasonal analysis showed increased cetacean stranding events in spring, yet without a significant difference. Post-mortem examinations of stranded individuals showed that coastal fisheries and port activities were probably the dominant causes of local cetacean strandings. Standardizing cetacean stranding records, strengthening fisheries regulations, and rescue training programs are recommended to establish a dedicated cetacean stranding monitoring network, which is vital for cetacean conservation in this region.
{"title":"Cetacean stranding records along the Shanghai–Zhejiang coastline in China: implications for distribution and conservation","authors":"Jing Yuan, Yili Gao, Nan Wang, Tianhua Jiang, Zhaolong Cheng","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2024.1483805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1483805","url":null,"abstract":"Cetacean ecology has been poorly studied in the Shanghai-Zhejiang waters of East China Sea, seriously hindering appropriate local conservation practices. Here stranding records from 1953 to 2023 around the Shanghai-Zhejiang waters were collated from literature, media, and social websites to clarify species composition and spatio-temporal variations of cetacean strandings. A total of 138 stranding records involving 197 individuals across 23 species were identified, comprising four Mysticeti and Odontoceti species. Cetacean stranding records occurred extensively along the Shanghai-Zhejiang coastline throughout the year and have grown swiftly since the 2000s. Narrow-ridged finless porpoise <jats:italic>Neophocaena asiaeorientalis</jats:italic> and common minke whale <jats:italic>Balaenoptera acutorostrata</jats:italic> were the most frequently stranded species. Over 84% of the stranding events involved only a single individual. Melon-headed whale <jats:italic>Peponocephala electra</jats:italic> predominated in mass stranding incidents. Spatially, the stranding reports showed a significant cluttering distribution pattern. Clustering of cetacean records occurred in the Yangtze River estuary, downstream region of Qiantang River, southeastern of Ningbo, and Oujiang River estuary. Seasonal analysis showed increased cetacean stranding events in spring, yet without a significant difference. Post-mortem examinations of stranded individuals showed that coastal fisheries and port activities were probably the dominant causes of local cetacean strandings. Standardizing cetacean stranding records, strengthening fisheries regulations, and rescue training programs are recommended to establish a dedicated cetacean stranding monitoring network, which is vital for cetacean conservation in this region.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142961417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-10DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2024.1513463
Sophie G. Pitois, Robert E. Blackwell, Hayden Close, Noushin Eftekhari, Sarah L. C. Giering, Mojtaba Masoudi, Eric Payne, Joseph Ribeiro, James Scott
We describe RAPID: a Real-time Automated Plankton Identification Dashboard, deployed on the Plankton Imager, a high-speed line-scan camera that is connected to a ship water supply and captures images of particles in a flow-through system. This end-to-end pipeline for zooplankton data uses Edge AI equipped with a classification (ResNet) model that separates the images into three broad classes: Copepods, Non-Copepods zooplankton and Detritus. The results are transmitted and visualised on a terrestrial system in near real time. Over a 7-days survey, the Plankton Imager successfully imaged and saved 128 million particles of the mesozooplankton size range, 17 million of which were successfully processed in real-time via Edge AI. Data loss occurred along the real-time pipeline, mostly due to the processing limitation of the Edge AI system. Nevertheless, we found similar variability in the counts of the three classes in the output of the dashboard (after data loss) with that of the post-survey processing of the entire dataset. This concept offers a rapid and cost-effective method for the monitoring of trends and events at fine temporal and spatial scales, thus making the most of the continuous data collection in real time and allowing for adaptive sampling to be deployed. Given the rapid pace of improvement in AI tools, it is anticipated that it will soon be possible to deploy expanded classifiers on more performant computer processors. The use of imaging and AI tools is still in its infancy, with industrial and scientific applications of the concept presented therein being open-ended. Early results suggest that technological advances in this field have the potential to revolutionise how we monitor our seas.
{"title":"RAPID: real-time automated plankton identification dashboard using Edge AI at sea","authors":"Sophie G. Pitois, Robert E. Blackwell, Hayden Close, Noushin Eftekhari, Sarah L. C. Giering, Mojtaba Masoudi, Eric Payne, Joseph Ribeiro, James Scott","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2024.1513463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1513463","url":null,"abstract":"We describe RAPID: a Real-time Automated Plankton Identification Dashboard, deployed on the Plankton Imager, a high-speed line-scan camera that is connected to a ship water supply and captures images of particles in a flow-through system. This end-to-end pipeline for zooplankton data uses Edge AI equipped with a classification (ResNet) model that separates the images into three broad classes: Copepods, Non-Copepods zooplankton and Detritus. The results are transmitted and visualised on a terrestrial system in near real time. Over a 7-days survey, the Plankton Imager successfully imaged and saved 128 million particles of the mesozooplankton size range, 17 million of which were successfully processed in real-time via Edge AI. Data loss occurred along the real-time pipeline, mostly due to the processing limitation of the Edge AI system. Nevertheless, we found similar variability in the counts of the three classes in the output of the dashboard (after data loss) with that of the post-survey processing of the entire dataset. This concept offers a rapid and cost-effective method for the monitoring of trends and events at fine temporal and spatial scales, thus making the most of the continuous data collection in real time and allowing for adaptive sampling to be deployed. Given the rapid pace of improvement in AI tools, it is anticipated that it will soon be possible to deploy expanded classifiers on more performant computer processors. The use of imaging and AI tools is still in its infancy, with industrial and scientific applications of the concept presented therein being open-ended. Early results suggest that technological advances in this field have the potential to revolutionise how we monitor our seas.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142961414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-09DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2024.1481734
Shubham Krishna, Carsten Lemmen, Serra Örey, Jennifer Rehren, Julien Di Pane, Moritz Mathis, Miriam Püts, Sascha Hokamp, Himansu Kesari Pradhan, Matthias Hasenbein, Jürgen Scheffran, Kai W. Wirtz
Coastal ecosystems are increasingly experiencing anthropogenic pressures such as climate warming, CO2 increase, metal and organic pollution, overfishing, and resource extraction. Some resulting stressors are more direct like pollution and fisheries, and others more indirect like ocean acidification, yet they jointly affect marine biota, communities, and entire ecosystems. While single-stressor effects have been widely investigated, the interactive effects of multiple stressors on ecosystems are less researched. In this study, we review the literature on multiple stressors and their interactive effects in coastal environments across organisms. We classify the interactions into three categories: synergistic, additive, and antagonistic. We found phytoplankton and bivalves to be the most studied taxonomic groups. Climate warming is identified as the most dominant stressor which, in combination, with other stressors such as ocean acidification, eutrophication, and metal pollution exacerbate adverse effects on physiological traits such as growth rate, fitness, basal respiration, and size. Phytoplankton appears to be most sensitive to interactions between warming, metal and nutrient pollution. In warm and nutrient-enriched environments, the presence of metals considerably affects the uptake of nutrients, and increases respiration costs and toxin production in phytoplankton. For bivalves, warming and low pH are the most lethal stressors. The combined effect of heat stress and ocean acidification leads to decreased growth rate, shell size, and acid-base regulation capacity in bivalves. However, for a holistic understanding of how coastal food webs will evolve with ongoing changes, we suggest more research on ecosystem-level responses. This can be achieved by combining in-situ observations from controlled environments (e.g. mesocosm experiments) with modelling approaches.
{"title":"Interactive effects of multiple stressors in coastal ecosystems","authors":"Shubham Krishna, Carsten Lemmen, Serra Örey, Jennifer Rehren, Julien Di Pane, Moritz Mathis, Miriam Püts, Sascha Hokamp, Himansu Kesari Pradhan, Matthias Hasenbein, Jürgen Scheffran, Kai W. Wirtz","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2024.1481734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1481734","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal ecosystems are increasingly experiencing anthropogenic pressures such as climate warming, CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> increase, metal and organic pollution, overfishing, and resource extraction. Some resulting stressors are more direct like pollution and fisheries, and others more indirect like ocean acidification, yet they jointly affect marine biota, communities, and entire ecosystems. While single-stressor effects have been widely investigated, the interactive effects of multiple stressors on ecosystems are less researched. In this study, we review the literature on multiple stressors and their interactive effects in coastal environments across organisms. We classify the interactions into three categories: synergistic, additive, and antagonistic. We found phytoplankton and bivalves to be the most studied taxonomic groups. Climate warming is identified as the most dominant stressor which, in combination, with other stressors such as ocean acidification, eutrophication, and metal pollution exacerbate adverse effects on physiological traits such as growth rate, fitness, basal respiration, and size. Phytoplankton appears to be most sensitive to interactions between warming, metal and nutrient pollution. In warm and nutrient-enriched environments, the presence of metals considerably affects the uptake of nutrients, and increases respiration costs and toxin production in phytoplankton. For bivalves, warming and low pH are the most lethal stressors. The combined effect of heat stress and ocean acidification leads to decreased growth rate, shell size, and acid-base regulation capacity in bivalves. However, for a holistic understanding of how coastal food webs will evolve with ongoing changes, we suggest more research on ecosystem-level responses. This can be achieved by combining <jats:italic>in-situ</jats:italic> observations from controlled environments (e.g. mesocosm experiments) with modelling approaches.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-09DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2024.1513515
Hongbing Wang, Lin Zhang, Feng Yang, Li Yan, Cong Lin, Cheng Shen
Surface sediment samples were collected from the surrounding waters of the two largest tourist islands in Sanya, China, to compare and evaluate the sources, distribution, and ecological risks of 21 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). The total concentration of OCPs ranged from 1.35 to 5.0 ng/g. Among the OCPs, ΣDDTs accounted for the largest proportion, followed by ΣHCHs. The concentrations of HCHs and DDTs from the west side of West Island were significantly higher than those from the east side, and fine-grained sediments exhibited a stronger adsorption effect on OCPs. Source analysis indicated that the area experienced new inputs of HCH pollutants, while historical residues of HCHs remained high. Residual OCPs are still widely present in the environment, transported mainly by river runoff, with a smaller portion originating from atmospheric deposition and ship paints. Ecological risk assessment results showed that factors occasionally causing adverse biological effects include Heptachlor epoxide, 4,4'-DDE, ΣDDT, Dieldrin, Endrin, and γ-HCH, while other factors rarely caused negative biological effects. Potential ecological effect evaluations indicated that stations SY03, SY04, SY06, and SY09 were classified as having moderate ecological effect levels, while other stations were classified as having no ecological effects. Strengthened investigation, monitoring, and control of pollutant sources in ecologically impacted areas are necessary. This study fills a data gap for the region and provides an academic foundation for environmental protection and the sustainable development of tourism resources.
{"title":"Characteristics, source analysis, and risk assessment of organochlorine pesticide contamination in nearshore surface sediments of a tropical tourist island","authors":"Hongbing Wang, Lin Zhang, Feng Yang, Li Yan, Cong Lin, Cheng Shen","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2024.1513515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1513515","url":null,"abstract":"Surface sediment samples were collected from the surrounding waters of the two largest tourist islands in Sanya, China, to compare and evaluate the sources, distribution, and ecological risks of 21 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). The total concentration of OCPs ranged from 1.35 to 5.0 ng/g. Among the OCPs, ΣDDTs accounted for the largest proportion, followed by ΣHCHs. The concentrations of HCHs and DDTs from the west side of West Island were significantly higher than those from the east side, and fine-grained sediments exhibited a stronger adsorption effect on OCPs. Source analysis indicated that the area experienced new inputs of HCH pollutants, while historical residues of HCHs remained high. Residual OCPs are still widely present in the environment, transported mainly by river runoff, with a smaller portion originating from atmospheric deposition and ship paints. Ecological risk assessment results showed that factors occasionally causing adverse biological effects include Heptachlor epoxide, 4,4'-DDE, ΣDDT, Dieldrin, Endrin, and γ-HCH, while other factors rarely caused negative biological effects. Potential ecological effect evaluations indicated that stations SY03, SY04, SY06, and SY09 were classified as having moderate ecological effect levels, while other stations were classified as having no ecological effects. Strengthened investigation, monitoring, and control of pollutant sources in ecologically impacted areas are necessary. This study fills a data gap for the region and provides an academic foundation for environmental protection and the sustainable development of tourism resources.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-09DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2024.1483122
Xukai Mu, Wei Gao
Coverage path planning (CPP) for target search by autonomous unmanned vehicle (AUV) involves two crucial aspects: (1) the sonar performance of the AUV is sensitive to ocean environment, such as changes in terrain; and (2) the ocean currents significantly influence AUV dynamics AUV dynamics. To address the CPP of multiple AUVs (multi-AUV) considering both sonar performance and ocean currents, we propose a new integrated algorithm based on the improved Dijkstra algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and the ELKAI Solve. First, the necessary sampling points for the area coverage are identified based on the sonar detection range at different locations, which is calculated by combining the ocean acoustics model with the sonar equation. Second, an improved Dijkstra algorithm is presented to solve the adjacency matrix of the graph formed by all sampling points under the influence of ocean currents. Third, the PSO algorithm is utilized for task allocation, and the ELKAI solver determines the optimal path for each AUV. Finally, multi-AUV path planning is achieved through iterations of the PSO algorithm and the ELKAI solver. Simulation results demonstrate the outstanding performance and robustness of our integrated algorithm.
{"title":"Coverage path planning for multi-AUV considering ocean currents and sonar performance","authors":"Xukai Mu, Wei Gao","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2024.1483122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1483122","url":null,"abstract":"Coverage path planning (CPP) for target search by autonomous unmanned vehicle (AUV) involves two crucial aspects: (1) the sonar performance of the AUV is sensitive to ocean environment, such as changes in terrain; and (2) the ocean currents significantly influence AUV dynamics AUV dynamics. To address the CPP of multiple AUVs (multi-AUV) considering both sonar performance and ocean currents, we propose a new integrated algorithm based on the improved Dijkstra algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and the ELKAI Solve. First, the necessary sampling points for the area coverage are identified based on the sonar detection range at different locations, which is calculated by combining the ocean acoustics model with the sonar equation. Second, an improved Dijkstra algorithm is presented to solve the adjacency matrix of the graph formed by all sampling points under the influence of ocean currents. Third, the PSO algorithm is utilized for task allocation, and the ELKAI solver determines the optimal path for each AUV. Finally, multi-AUV path planning is achieved through iterations of the PSO algorithm and the ELKAI solver. Simulation results demonstrate the outstanding performance and robustness of our integrated algorithm.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-09DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2024.1519162
Jiaojiao Kong, Yanan Sun
Technological progress (TC) is an important driving force of resource efficiency, and its bias has an important impact on resource efficiency. Based on the data of China’s mariculture industry from 2008 to 2020, this paper constructs a double-layer nested CES production function, and uses the seemingly unrelated regression method to estimate the elasticity of substitution between resource elements and non-resource elements of mariculture industry, and measures the level of resource biased technological progress (RBTC). On this basis, the vector autoregressive model is used to explore the relationship between RBTC, resource price and resource efficiency. The results show that: Firstly, there is complementarity between the resource elements of China’s mariculture industry and the non-resource elements aggregated by labor and capital. Secondly, there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between resource biased technological progress, resource price and resource efficiency. resource biased technological progress has a short-term negative and long-term positive impact on resource efficiency, and resource price has a short-term negative and long-term positive impact on resource efficiency. Based on this, this paper puts forward relevant policy recommendations to promote the improvement of resource efficiency of mariculture.
{"title":"Technological progress bias and its impact on resource efficiency in China’s mariculture industry","authors":"Jiaojiao Kong, Yanan Sun","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2024.1519162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1519162","url":null,"abstract":"Technological progress (TC) is an important driving force of resource efficiency, and its bias has an important impact on resource efficiency. Based on the data of China’s mariculture industry from 2008 to 2020, this paper constructs a double-layer nested CES production function, and uses the seemingly unrelated regression method to estimate the elasticity of substitution between resource elements and non-resource elements of mariculture industry, and measures the level of resource biased technological progress (RBTC). On this basis, the vector autoregressive model is used to explore the relationship between RBTC, resource price and resource efficiency. The results show that: Firstly, there is complementarity between the resource elements of China’s mariculture industry and the non-resource elements aggregated by labor and capital. Secondly, there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between resource biased technological progress, resource price and resource efficiency. resource biased technological progress has a short-term negative and long-term positive impact on resource efficiency, and resource price has a short-term negative and long-term positive impact on resource efficiency. Based on this, this paper puts forward relevant policy recommendations to promote the improvement of resource efficiency of mariculture.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-08DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2024.1519398
Lihong Wang, Feng Li, Yang Gao, Kedong Yin
IntroductionAs a crucial strategy for promoting urbanization in China, smart city construction introduces new momentum for high-quality economic development through intelligence and informatization. Coastal cities, with their unique geographical and economic advantages, serve as important engines of high-quality economic growth.MethodsBased on panel data from 53 coastal cities in China from 2003 to 2021, this study uses the super-efficiency SBM-GML index to measure green total factor productivity as an indicator of high-quality economic development and employs a time-varying difference-in-differences model to examine the impact of smart city construction on high-quality economic development in coastal areas.ResultsThe findings reveal that (1) Smart city construction significantly enhances high-quality economic development in coastal cities. This conclusion remains valid in parallel trend tests, PSM-DID, placebo tests and endogeneity analysis. (2) The mechanism test shows that smart city construction development primarily promotes high-quality economic growth in coastal cities by facilitating industrial structural upgrading, optimizing resource allocation, and release household consumption potential and expanding domestic demand. However, technological innovation, which is the most important aspect of smart city construction, has not brought new opportunities for high-quality economic development in coastal cities. (3) Heterogeneity analysis shows that the policy effects of smart city are more pronounced in large cities and those with lower levels of scientific and educational development. Additionally, the impact is particularly significant in cities located within the Bohai Rim and Yangtze River Delta port clusters.DiscussionBased on these findings, continued support for smart city construction is recommended, with differentiated policies tailored to the characteristics of coastal cities and port cluster development levels, alongside advancing industrial structural upgrading, optimizing resource allocation, and fostering new points of consumption growth to promote high-quality economic development in China’s coastal cities.
{"title":"Impact of smart city construction policy on high-quality economic development of coastal cities","authors":"Lihong Wang, Feng Li, Yang Gao, Kedong Yin","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2024.1519398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1519398","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionAs a crucial strategy for promoting urbanization in China, smart city construction introduces new momentum for high-quality economic development through intelligence and informatization. Coastal cities, with their unique geographical and economic advantages, serve as important engines of high-quality economic growth.MethodsBased on panel data from 53 coastal cities in China from 2003 to 2021, this study uses the super-efficiency SBM-GML index to measure green total factor productivity as an indicator of high-quality economic development and employs a time-varying difference-in-differences model to examine the impact of smart city construction on high-quality economic development in coastal areas.ResultsThe findings reveal that (1) Smart city construction significantly enhances high-quality economic development in coastal cities. This conclusion remains valid in parallel trend tests, PSM-DID, placebo tests and endogeneity analysis. (2) The mechanism test shows that smart city construction development primarily promotes high-quality economic growth in coastal cities by facilitating industrial structural upgrading, optimizing resource allocation, and release household consumption potential and expanding domestic demand. However, technological innovation, which is the most important aspect of smart city construction, has not brought new opportunities for high-quality economic development in coastal cities. (3) Heterogeneity analysis shows that the policy effects of smart city are more pronounced in large cities and those with lower levels of scientific and educational development. Additionally, the impact is particularly significant in cities located within the Bohai Rim and Yangtze River Delta port clusters.DiscussionBased on these findings, continued support for smart city construction is recommended, with differentiated policies tailored to the characteristics of coastal cities and port cluster development levels, alongside advancing industrial structural upgrading, optimizing resource allocation, and fostering new points of consumption growth to promote high-quality economic development in China’s coastal cities.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142937633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-08DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2024.1518235
Zhaoyang Liu, Wenhai Lu, Tao Wang, Yujia Zhang, Long He, Lu Yang, Lijing Deng
IntroductionThe sustainable development of marine fisheries has been a major concern, with the carrying capacity of marine fishery resources becoming a focal point of research.MethodsThis study, utilizing remote sensing data, marine capture fisheries catch data, and fishing effort data from 2013 to 2020, aims to determine the maximum sustainable yield using a surplus production model and provide a comprehensive assessment of the status and potential of China’s marine fishery resources.ResultsThe results indicate that China’s marine fishery resources exhibit significant regional variability, with the East China Sea contributing the largest share of catch and maintaining sustainability, while regions such as the South China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea have exceeded their ecological carrying capacities. Correlation analysis highlights that nutrient levels and water quality (e.g., chemical oxygen demand) are critical for resource stability, while the distribution and management of protected areas further influence carrying capacity.DiscussionThis study contributes to the development of more effective fishery policies, aiming to balance economic benefits with ecological health. By understanding these dynamics, policymakers can better address the challenges facing sustainable marine fisheries.
{"title":"The assessment of carrying capacity of marine fishery resources in China","authors":"Zhaoyang Liu, Wenhai Lu, Tao Wang, Yujia Zhang, Long He, Lu Yang, Lijing Deng","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2024.1518235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1518235","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionThe sustainable development of marine fisheries has been a major concern, with the carrying capacity of marine fishery resources becoming a focal point of research.MethodsThis study, utilizing remote sensing data, marine capture fisheries catch data, and fishing effort data from 2013 to 2020, aims to determine the maximum sustainable yield using a surplus production model and provide a comprehensive assessment of the status and potential of China’s marine fishery resources.ResultsThe results indicate that China’s marine fishery resources exhibit significant regional variability, with the East China Sea contributing the largest share of catch and maintaining sustainability, while regions such as the South China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea have exceeded their ecological carrying capacities. Correlation analysis highlights that nutrient levels and water quality (e.g., chemical oxygen demand) are critical for resource stability, while the distribution and management of protected areas further influence carrying capacity.DiscussionThis study contributes to the development of more effective fishery policies, aiming to balance economic benefits with ecological health. By understanding these dynamics, policymakers can better address the challenges facing sustainable marine fisheries.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142937549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-08DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2024.1482873
Tor Mowatt-Larssen, Tierney M. Thys, Jackie Hildering, Eric J. Caldera, Ellen E. Biesack, Jan R. McDowell, Marianne Nyegaard
Taxonomic confusion and limited data have impeded species-level biogeographic analyses of the world’s largest bony fishes, ocean sunfishes (Molidae; ‘molids’), in many ecosystems. However, recent advances in molid taxonomy and the emergence of photo-based community-science platforms provide an opportunity to revisit species-level biogeography. In this study, we use crowd-sourced images of 1,213 ocean sunfishes to determine if molid morphology visible in citizen-science images permits reliable species determination. From the ensuing data, we describe patterns in molid size structure and species composition from 1,178 molids observed in the Alaska and California Current Systems (ACS and CCS, respectively). Molids <1 m total length (TL) were commonly reported in the CCS, particularly off the central coast of California, suggesting this area may function as a molid nursery. Molids >1 m TL were more commonly observed in both the CCS and cooler ACS, which suggests larger molids occupy a larger thermal range (ontogenetic habitat expansion) than smaller individuals. Overall, Mola mola was the most frequently observed species in both the ACS and CCS; however, the persistent occurrence of Mola tecta in both current systems suggests a range extension for this otherwise Southern Hemisphere species. The species identity of six M. tecta specimens from California and Alaska were verified with genetic analysis. Finally, two Mola alexandrini confirmed in the southern portion of the CCS represent the first records of this species in the Northeast Pacific Ocean.
分类学上的混乱和有限的数据阻碍了对世界上最大的硬骨鱼类——海洋翻车鱼(Molidae；“molids”)，在许多生态系统中。然而，最近在生物分类方面的进展和基于照片的社区科学平台的出现为重新审视物种水平的生物地理学提供了机会。在这项研究中，我们使用人群来源的1213海洋太阳鱼的图像来确定公民科学图像中可见的模具形态是否允许可靠的物种确定。从随后的数据中，我们描述了在阿拉斯加和加利福尼亚洋流系统（分别为ACS和CCS）中观察到的1178种molids的尺寸结构和物种组成模式。总长度为1米的Molids （TL）在CCS中经常被报道，特别是在加利福尼亚中部海岸附近，这表明该地区可能是一个Molids苗圃。1 m TL的Molids在CCS和较冷的ACS中更常见，这表明较大的Molids比较小的个体占据更大的热范围（个体发生栖息地扩张）。总体而言，翻车鱼是ACS和CCS最常见的观察物种；然而，在目前的两个系统中持续出现的Mola tecta表明，这个南半球物种的活动范围扩大了。通过遗传分析，对来自美国加州和阿拉斯加的6个标本进行了物种鉴定。最后，在CCS南部确认的两只亚历山大翻车鱼代表了该物种在东北太平洋的首次记录。
{"title":"Hook, line, and social media: crowd-sourced images reveal size and species patterns of ocean sunfishes (Tetraodontiformes, Molidae) from California to Alaska","authors":"Tor Mowatt-Larssen, Tierney M. Thys, Jackie Hildering, Eric J. Caldera, Ellen E. Biesack, Jan R. McDowell, Marianne Nyegaard","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2024.1482873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1482873","url":null,"abstract":"Taxonomic confusion and limited data have impeded species-level biogeographic analyses of the world’s largest bony fishes, ocean sunfishes (Molidae; ‘molids’), in many ecosystems. However, recent advances in molid taxonomy and the emergence of photo-based community-science platforms provide an opportunity to revisit species-level biogeography. In this study, we use crowd-sourced images of 1,213 ocean sunfishes to determine if molid morphology visible in citizen-science images permits reliable species determination. From the ensuing data, we describe patterns in molid size structure and species composition from 1,178 molids observed in the Alaska and California Current Systems (ACS and CCS, respectively). Molids &lt;1 m total length (TL) were commonly reported in the CCS, particularly off the central coast of California, suggesting this area may function as a molid nursery. Molids &gt;1 m TL were more commonly observed in both the CCS and cooler ACS, which suggests larger molids occupy a larger thermal range (ontogenetic habitat expansion) than smaller individuals. Overall, <jats:italic>Mola mola</jats:italic> was the most frequently observed species in both the ACS and CCS; however, the persistent occurrence of <jats:italic>Mola tecta</jats:italic> in both current systems suggests a range extension for this otherwise Southern Hemisphere species. The species identity of six <jats:italic>M. tecta</jats:italic> specimens from California and Alaska were verified with genetic analysis. Finally, two <jats:italic>Mola alexandrini</jats:italic> confirmed in the southern portion of the CCS represent the first records of this species in the Northeast Pacific Ocean.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142937545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-08DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2024.1526665
Longlong Liu, Junfeng Gao, Shengjiang Zhang, Sen Lin, Dongdong Lu, Jialin Zhang, Xiang Xie, Bin Chen, Jiandong Qiu
The contamination of marine ecosystems with metal(loid)s is an increasing environmental concern, largely driven by anthropogenic activities, and poses a significant risk to the health of ecosystems and human well-being. Geochemical background values represent the typical concentrations of trace elements observed in the natural environment. The utilization of disparate background values gives rise to disparate evaluation outcomes. The objective of this study was to investigate the concentration profiles of metal(loid)s (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, and Hg) along a sediment core in order to obtain background values and assess the depositional processes and contamination levels in Laizhou Bay. With the exception of arsenic, the distribution patterns of the remaining metal(loid)s were similar and could be divided into four stages, which were primarily influenced by the mean grain size and sediment sources. The results of the analysis of multiple indicators indicated that there was no evidence of heavy metal enrichment or contamination in the core sediments. Furthermore, the data demonstrated that all metal(loid)s present were of natural origin. The historical changes in metal(loid)s in the core sediments were predominantly linked to the sedimentary environment, sediment sources, and mean grain size. The mean values of the metal(loid)s in the DU 4-2 unit, formed during the Early Holocene, may be regarded as reference values for background concentrations.
{"title":"Depositional record of metal(loid)s since late quaternary in the Laizhou Bay, China","authors":"Longlong Liu, Junfeng Gao, Shengjiang Zhang, Sen Lin, Dongdong Lu, Jialin Zhang, Xiang Xie, Bin Chen, Jiandong Qiu","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2024.1526665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1526665","url":null,"abstract":"The contamination of marine ecosystems with metal(loid)s is an increasing environmental concern, largely driven by anthropogenic activities, and poses a significant risk to the health of ecosystems and human well-being. Geochemical background values represent the typical concentrations of trace elements observed in the natural environment. The utilization of disparate background values gives rise to disparate evaluation outcomes. The objective of this study was to investigate the concentration profiles of metal(loid)s (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, and Hg) along a sediment core in order to obtain background values and assess the depositional processes and contamination levels in Laizhou Bay. With the exception of arsenic, the distribution patterns of the remaining metal(loid)s were similar and could be divided into four stages, which were primarily influenced by the mean grain size and sediment sources. The results of the analysis of multiple indicators indicated that there was no evidence of heavy metal enrichment or contamination in the core sediments. Furthermore, the data demonstrated that all metal(loid)s present were of natural origin. The historical changes in metal(loid)s in the core sediments were predominantly linked to the sedimentary environment, sediment sources, and mean grain size. The mean values of the metal(loid)s in the DU 4-2 unit, formed during the Early Holocene, may be regarded as reference values for background concentrations.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142937547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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