Geoderma最新文献

{"title":"Global patterns and drivers of decomposition of mixed-species litter","authors":"Limin Bai ,&nbsp;Chao Song ,&nbsp;Mengfan Li ,&nbsp;Lei Yang ,&nbsp;Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Qiqian Wu ,&nbsp;Jianxiao Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mixed-species litter modifies decomposition rates through complex interplays driven by species composition and functional traits of litter. However, there remains no consensus on how ecosystem type, climate, species traits, and decomposition stage jointly influence the direction and magnitude of litter mixing effects. We conducted a global meta-analysis of 1,258 effect sizes from 91 field studies (1989–2024) to assess how ecosystem type, climate, and species traits influence mixed-species litter decomposition rates across different stages of decomposition. Decomposition rates of mixed-species litter were 4.4 % significantly higher than those of the mono-species litter. Synergistic effects were most pronounced in temperate and forest ecosystems. These effects were generally observed after 180 days, and peaked between 360 and 720 days, but they declined as decomposition progressed, often shifting to additive or antagonistic effects as recalcitrant compounds accumulated. The relationship between species diversity and mixing effects was not linear, depending on specific species combinations and proportions. Phylogenetic distance and litter quality divergence between species significantly affect the mixing effect of decomposition. The mixing effects of litter decomposition are highly context-dependent and temporally dynamic. Our results provide empirical support for a dynamic, stage-dependent theory of litter mixing effects, emphasizing that their strength and direction hinge on critical decomposition phases and trait-mediated interactions. Recognizing these temporal dynamics is essential for predicting biodiversity impacts on ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"465 ","pages":"Article 117662"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145902315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineral-associated organic nitrogen pool size, composition, and accessibility mediated by agricultural management and soil geochemical characteristics","authors":"Gabriella M. Griffen ,&nbsp;Andrew H. Whitaker ,&nbsp;Emma L. Bergh ,&nbsp;Marian Carrell ,&nbsp;Erik Knatvold ,&nbsp;Aniko Konya ,&nbsp;A. Stuart Grandy ,&nbsp;Andrea Jilling ,&nbsp;Marco Keiluweit ,&nbsp;Rachel Hestrin","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) contains a substantial portion of soil nitrogen (N). MAOM-N could serve as an important N source for crops, but its availability and response to agricultural management across different soil types remains largely unknown. We characterized MAOM-N isolated from nine paired soils spanning a range of geochemical characteristics and maintained under two land uses—more intensively managed annual cropping systems or less intensively managed grasslands. On average, we found that MAOM contained approximately two-thirds of total soil N. Across all soil types, more intensive agricultural management resulted in a 50% decline in MAOM-N stocks, as well as a reduction in MAOM-N molecular diversity. Although clay content and extractable metals were positively correlated with MAOM-N stocks, none of the geochemical characteristics measured were strongly predictive of MAOM-N decline due to land use. This suggests that more intensive crop management limited the formation or caused the disruption of a broad suite of associations between a variety of soil minerals and organic N compounds. Under both agricultural land uses, approximately 20% of MAOM-N was mobilized through sequential extractions that may mimic conditions in the rhizosphere, suggesting that a significant portion of MAOM-N may be available to plants. Together, these findings help to quantify MAOM’s potential to supply crops with N across different soil types and agricultural systems. This can inform agricultural management recommendations and supports a growing understanding of MAOM as a dynamic N source and sink.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"465 ","pages":"Article 117627"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145902302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harvest intensity, rather than harvest method or soil preparation, affects post-harvest nutrient leaching in acidic sandy forest soils","authors":"Marleen A.E. Vos ,&nbsp;Wim de Vries ,&nbsp;Jorad de Vries ,&nbsp;Marcel R. Hoosbeek ,&nbsp;José A. Medina Vega ,&nbsp;Richard Sikkema ,&nbsp;Frank Sterck","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increasing demands for timber and biomass production from European forests have raised concerns about the sustainability of harvesting practices, since forest nutrient stocks have decreased due to enhanced leaching of base cations driven by soil acidification from elevated nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) deposition. We quantified the impact of three harvest intensities—high-thinning (also known as crown thinning; ∼20 % basal area removal), shelterwood (∼80 %), and clearcut (100 %)—, two harvest methods (stem-only and whole-tree harvest), and soil preparation (shallow mulching and no mulching) on post-harvest nutrient leaching in beech, Douglas fir, and Scots pine stands in the Netherlands, compared to unharvested control plots. Leaching was quantified by combining monthly dissolved nutrient measurements over a full year with a mechanistic model simulating monthly water fluxes.</div><div>Leaching of macronutrients in unharvested control plots was generally higher in Douglas fir than in Scots pine and beech. Clearcutting, and to a lesser extent shelterwood harvesting, strongly increased dissolved nutrient concentrations, especially nitrate (NO₃), indicating rapid mobilization of large N stocks and, to a lesser extent, S stocks. These increases were associated with accelerated soil acidification, induced by losses of base cations (calcium [Ca], magnesium [Mg] and potassium [K]) and acid cations (aluminum [Al], iron [Fe] and manganese [Mn]). Thinning, harvest method, and shallow mulching had minimal or negligible effects on post-harvest leaching, underscoring the potential of low-intensity harvests for sustainable forest use with low nutrient losses. Our study shows that high harvest intensity strongly accelerates nutrient leaching within one year after harvest, but the long-term impacts over a rotation period remain to be explored.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"465 ","pages":"Article 117657"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145902303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scale dependence of genome-derived microbial functional diversity informing soil functions","authors":"Nannan Wang ,&nbsp;Kexin Li ,&nbsp;Xinhao Zhu ,&nbsp;Yunjiang Zuo ,&nbsp;Jianzhao Liu ,&nbsp;Ziyu Guo ,&nbsp;Ying Sun ,&nbsp;Yuedong Guo ,&nbsp;Changchun Song ,&nbsp;Fenghui Yuan ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The relationship between soil multifunctionality and microbial diversity is well established, and using genomic data to link microbial diversity with soil functions is increasingly recognized as a reliable approach, despite challenges such as horizontal gene transfer, functional redundancy, and transcriptional uncertainty. Here, we investigated how microbial taxonomic and functional diversities derived from metagenomic data explain soil multifunctionality across soil profiles. We conducted analyses across four seasons and two contrasting hydrological habitats: wetland and cropland. We found that microbial functional diversity captured soil functions more effectively than taxonomic diversity, and its explanatory power depended on scale, strongest at broader classification levels (phylum/module) and higher data hierarchies (cosmopolitan). Microbial functional diversity explained 95 % and 79 % of individual soil functions in wetland and cropland, respectively, and showed a closer association with overall soil multifunctionality. The relationship remained consistent across spatial (0–100 cm soil profiles), temporal (four seasons), and hydrological (wetland and cropland) gradients, demonstrating greater stability than taxonomic diversity. By linking microbial diversity to soil functions across space and time, our findings show that genome-derived microbial functional diversity provides a robust and reliable framework for explaining soil functions, reinforcing the potential of genome-based microbial modeling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"465 ","pages":"Article 117659"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145902312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spartina alterniflora invasion-induced soil organic carbon content changes: An assessment by time-series remote sensing and machine learning","authors":"Qingwen Zhang ,&nbsp;Dehua Mao ,&nbsp;Weidong Man ,&nbsp;Fuping Li ,&nbsp;Yongbin Zhang ,&nbsp;Fenghua Wu ,&nbsp;Caiyao Kou ,&nbsp;Rui Yang ,&nbsp;Jiannan He ,&nbsp;Xuan Yin ,&nbsp;Mingyue Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal wetlands play a vital role in carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation. However, the invasion of <em>Spartina alterniflora</em> (<em>S.alterniflora</em>) poses a significant threat to these ecosystems. In this study, we collected 114 soil samples from <em>S.alterniflora</em>-invaded coastal wetlands and acquired monthly remote sensing images throughout the sampling year. Time-series variables covering the entire growth stages of <em>S.alterniflora</em> were extracted from these images. The iterative Boruta algorithm was employed to identify sensitive variables, and machine learning algorithms (Random Forest, Boosted Regression Trees, and eXtreme Gradient Boosting) were used to predict soil organic carbon (SOC) content. A space-for-time substitution approach was then applied to assess the impact of <em>S.alterniflora</em> invasion age on SOC dynamics. The results show that the correlation between SOC content and remote sensing variables varied significantly across months, with June-derived variables exhibiting the highest average correlation. Independent validation further indicated that all machine learning models achieved R² values above 0.6, with the random forest model performing best (R² = 0.663, nRMSE = 0.157, RPD = 1.713). NDWI was identified as the most important predictor based on variable importance and SHAP analysis, followed by the vertical–vertical (VV) polarization and shortwave infrared (SWIR) band reflectance. Furthermore, spatial evidence revealed that SOC content increased with invasion age, peaking at a saturation point after 19 years. A slight decline was observed after 22 years, due to the greater distance from the coastline, which may have limited the exchange of water, salt, and nutrients. These findings provide spatially explicit insights into the long-term effects of biological invasion on soil carbon dynamics and establish a scientific basis for the sustainable management of coastal wetlands under invasion pressure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"465 ","pages":"Article 117650"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil fauna niche complementarity explains long-term soil multifunctionality differences between planted and natural subalpine forests","authors":"Chengwei Tu ,&nbsp;Ajuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yilin Feng ,&nbsp;Lei Chen ,&nbsp;Xueyong Pang","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding soil biodiversity − ecosystem functioning relationships (BEFs) remains a key challenge. Although the mass ratio, niche complementarity, and quantity hypotheses offer mechanistic explanations for BEFs, their relative roles have not been disentangled in forest soil fauna communities. Here, we compared soil multifunctionality across 30–80-year sequences of planted coniferous forests (<em>Picea asperata</em>) and adjacent naturally regenerated forests (<em>Betula albosinensis</em>). To mechanistically link soil multifunctionality with fauna, we pioneer the testing of the mass ratio (functional identities), niche complementarity (functional diversity), and quantity (biomass) hypotheses. Coniferous afforestation, which displaces native broadleaved forests, reduced soil multifunctionality by 40–76 %, with this degradation intensifying over time. Key predictors of these declines included reduced plant resource availability and diminished soil faunal niche complementarity in coniferous forests. Notably, the niche complementarity effect of soil fauna was found to be more critical than either the mass ratio or quantity effect, and this complementarity is regulated more by plant resources and less by microbial biomass. This study advances soil BEFs theory by providing the empirical validation that niche complementarity mechanisms dominate over mass ratio or quantity mechanisms. These results provide new insights into trait-based forest soil management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"465 ","pages":"Article 117653"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetation change impacts on moisture recycling are closely linked to plant water uptake strategies in the Loess-covered region in China","authors":"Jiaxin Wang ,&nbsp;Houxin Ya ,&nbsp;Jiahui Ha ,&nbsp;Wangjia Ji ,&nbsp;Jineng Sun ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Wei ,&nbsp;Zhi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding how vegetation change affects moisture recycling is crucial for comprehending land–atmosphere coupling. Constrained by moisture and isotope mass balances, we quantified the contributions of evaporation (<em>f</em>_E) and transpiration moisture (<em>f</em>_T) to precipitation across different types of vegetation (grassland, shrubland, and forestland), and elucidated the influence of vegetation change on moisture recycling (<em>f</em>_post-<em>f</em>_pre). Furthermore, we assessed the mechanisms behind the changes in moisture recycling from the perspective of plant water uptake. The mean moisture recycling rate (<em>f</em>) in the study region during the rainy period was found to be 21 %, contributing 48 mm of local precipitation. Notably, transpiration was the dominant contributor to moisture recycling (<em>f</em>_T/<em>f =</em> 67 %). Following the transition from shallow- to deep-rooted plants, <em>f</em>_E decreased while <em>f</em>_T increased, with the changes accounting for 17 % and 50 % of mean recycling rate, respectively. Moisture recycling rates were significantly influenced by plant water uptake strategy. The shallow-rooted plants primarily used shallow soil water (0–0.8 m, 63 %), with minimal dependence on lower-deep (2–3 m) and deep (&gt;3 m) soil water, which together accounted for only 13 %. Conversely, the deep-rooted plants relied less on shallow soil water (37 %) and a significantly higher reliance on lower-deep and deep soil water (2–3 m and &gt; 3 m; combined 42 %), particularly during dry spells. Moreover, the increasing contribution of deep soil water at the monthly scale aligned with that of <em>f</em>_T. Thus, the transition in vegetation from shallow- to deep-rooted plants increased moisture recycling by using deep soil water for transpiration. This study improves the understanding of hydrological dynamics in the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum (SPAC).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"465 ","pages":"Article 117654"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term effects of harvesting alternatives on soil nitrous oxide fluxes in a boreal drained peatland forest","authors":"Eduardo Martínez-García ,&nbsp;Helena Rautakoski ,&nbsp;Antti J. Rissanen ,&nbsp;Bartosz Adamczyk ,&nbsp;Jani Anttila ,&nbsp;Aleksi Lehtonen ,&nbsp;Qian Li ,&nbsp;Annalea Lohila ,&nbsp;Mikko Peltoniemi ,&nbsp;Sakari Sarkkola ,&nbsp;Boris Ťupek ,&nbsp;Raisa Mäkipää","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extensive areas of boreal peatland forests in the Nordic countries are approaching maturity and face harvesting, yet effects on soil nitrous oxide (N₂O) fluxes remain unclear. This study examined short-term changes in soil N₂O fluxes following two harvesting methods, clear-cutting (CC) and continuous-cover forestry via selection harvesting (CCF), compared to a non-harvested control (C) in a nutrient-rich, forestry-drained boreal peatland in southern Finland. Fluxes were measured using manual and automated chambers during pre-harvest (2020) and post-harvest (2021–2022) periods, alongside soil physical, chemical, and environmental properties to identify key controls of flux variability.</div><div>N₂O fluxes showed high temporal variation (−39 to 459 μg N₂O m^–2 h⁻¹), primarily driven by temperature, precipitation, moisture, and water table dynamics, and pronounced spatial variation linked to soil nutrient concentrations (potassium, copper, phosphorus, and nitrogen), bulk density, and temperature. While emissions remained near neutral at the C site, harvesting increased emissions, although not significantly. In the first post-harvest year, annual emissions increased with harvesting intensity, yet no significant differences emerged between CCF and CC. Median [interquartile range] emissions were 0 [25], 163 [533], and 185 [194] mg N₂O m⁻² y^–1 at the C, CCF and CC sites, respectively, with inherent spatial variability strongly influencing their spatial distribution. Limited water table rise at the CCF site and high spatial heterogeneity at the CC site likely constrained clearer treatment differences. Overall, our findings suggest that CCF may better mitigate emissions than CC in nutrient-rich, forestry-drained boreal peatlands, warranting further replicated and long-term research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"465 ","pages":"Article 117648"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composition and persistence of soil organic matter along eroding and depositional transects in buried vs. modern soil layers: A case of the Brady paleosol at Wauneta, Nebraska","authors":"Manisha Dolui ,&nbsp;Teneille Nel ,&nbsp;Laura M. Phillips ,&nbsp;Abbygail R. McMurtry ,&nbsp;Kimber Moreland ,&nbsp;Malak Tfaily ,&nbsp;Karis McFarlane ,&nbsp;Joseph A. Mason ,&nbsp;Erika Marin-Spiotta ,&nbsp;Marie-Anne de Graaff ,&nbsp;Teamrat Ghezzehei ,&nbsp;Asmeret Asefaw Berhe","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Paleosols form when soils are buried through deposition by aeolian, colluvial, alluvial or other processes. Burial of former topsoil isolates soil organic matter (SOM) from surface conditions, allowing carbon to accumulate and potentially remain stable for millennia. In this study, SOM composition, distribution, and persistence were analyzed in the Brady Soil of Nebraska, USA to compare SOM spatial variability in modern and buried soils, as well as the impact of erosional exposure on SOM stability. The Brady Soil, formed as a surface soil during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition and now a paleosol buried up to 6 m deep (or more) by loess deposition during the Holocene, was sampled along burial (up to 5.8 m depth) and erosional (up to 1.8 m depth) transects to compare SOM dynamics in different geomorphic settings. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Fourier Transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) were used to analyze SOM composition, while <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>δ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>13</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>C isotope analyses identified SOM sources and radiocarbon values were used to estimate turnover rates. Results confirmed a vegetation shift from C3 to C4 plants after Brady Soil formation, reflecting warming climatic conditions. Increasing SOM age and decreasing <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>δ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>13</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>C and <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>δ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>15</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>N values with depth indicated slowing of decomposition rate in buried soils. Higher pH in the Brady Soil suggested greater base cation content, supporting SOM stabilization through organo-mineral associations and aggregate formation. However, exposure of the Brady Soil due to surface erosion caused faster SOM turnover. This result suggested susceptibility of buried SOM to losses via decomposition upon erosional exposure, possibly accelerated by priming in response to modern SOM inputs. These findings highlight the potential loss of carbon stocks in buried soils under future climate change, as shifts in soil physicochemical properties may destabilize long-preserved SOM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"465 ","pages":"Article 117660"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145902313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-modal integration framework for soil organic matter estimation using proximal and satellite spectral data: Modeling optimization with particle size effects and spatial similarity","authors":"Mingchang Wang ,&nbsp;Xingnan Liu ,&nbsp;Yilin Bao ,&nbsp;Jialin Cai ,&nbsp;Liheng Liang ,&nbsp;Yiting Fan ,&nbsp;Hongchao Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Remote sensing (RS) technology enables the rapid and accurate acquisition of soil organic matter (SOM) content, which is crucial for ensuring food security and promoting precision agriculture. Multispectral imagery is widely used for large-scale SOM mapping, but its limited spectral resolution substantially constrains estimation accuracy. While proximal hyperspectral data provide detailed spectral information, their point-based observations limit scalability across large regions. To overcome these limitations, a cross-modal modeling framework integrating proximal hyperspectral and satellite spectral data was proposed. Hyperspectral reconstruction technology was applied to enhance satellite spectral resolution and to extend proximal hyperspectral observations into spatially continuous imagery, achieving a balance between spectral accuracy and spatial continuity. To address SOM spatial heterogeneity, a spatial similarity-based random forest (SS-RF) local modeling strategy was introduced. Furthermore, the study systematically evaluated the impact of different soil particle size levels on spectral reflectance and SOM estimation accuracy. This study was conducted in a typical black soil region located in Northeast China. A multimodal dataset was constructed for SOM modeling, including in-situ and laboratory hyperspectral data with multiple particle size treatments, as well as satellite imagery from Zhuhai-1 and Sentinel-2A. The results indicated that the proposed cross-modal fusion and SS-RF framework demonstrated superior SOM estimation performance. The reconstructed hyperspectral imagery effectively integrated proximal and satellite spectral data, thereby preserving spectral integrity and enhancing their correlation with SOM. Among these, the reconstructed imagery based on finer particle sizes (100 mesh, ≤0.15 mm) exhibited the best performance (R² = 0.874, LCCC = 0.756, RMSE = 2.871 g·kg⁻¹, and RPIQ = 2.159), while the reconstruction using 50 mesh particles (≤0.35 mm) also achieved comparatively good accuracy (R² = 0.864). In contrast, the model constructed using field in-situ hyperspectral reconstructed imagery produced the lowest accuracy (R² = 0.730). The estimation accuracy based on the reconstructed imagery was significantly higher than that achieved using Sentinel-2A (R² = 0.712) and Zhuhai-1 (R² = 0.759). Compared to traditional global models, the proposed SS-RF local strategy improved accuracy, increasing R² by 7.64 %. This synergistic optimization approach, which combines spectral reconstruction, local modeling, and particle size standardization provides new insights and technical support for high-precision SOM estimation at the regional scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"465 ","pages":"Article 117671"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145902304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}