Geoderma最新文献

{"title":"Isotopy, micromorphology and composition of pedogenic gypsum in loess-palaeosol sequences in the Ebro Valley as a combined paleoenvironmental proxy","authors":"D. Álvarez ,&nbsp;E. Playà ,&nbsp;O. Artieda ,&nbsp;R. Rodríguez-Ochoa ,&nbsp;J.R. Olarieta ,&nbsp;R.M. Poch","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The loess palaeosol sequences in the Ebro valley are associated with arid and semi-arid climates in the past, where the main pedogenic process is the mobilisation of carbonate and gypsum through the soil, resulting in secondary accumulations. Due to the fact that, in this context, the conservation of palaeoenvironmental indicators is very limited, the objective of this research is to explore the potential of pedogenic gypsum to provide with information about the palaeoenvironmental conditions affecting its development and preservation.</div><div>This study has consisted in the sampling and analysis of pedogenic gypsum accumulations from five Loess-Palaeosol Sequences (LPS) applying several approaches and analytical techniques. Traditional methods based on the morphological study of gypsum and supported by micromorphological research have been applied, allowing us the observation of crystalline shapes, pedofeatures and mineral arrangements. We also performed isotopic analyses of pedogenic gypsum, including the isotopic signature of the stable sulphate (δ³⁴S, δ¹⁸O) and gypsum hydration water (δ²H, δ¹⁸O). Besides, the minor and trace elements composition (Ba, Sr, Na, K, and Mg) was also analysed.</div><div>Despite the difficulties when analysing pedogenic gypsum, due in part to its high solubility, our results show that the intensity of the dissolution/reprecipitation processes combined with the loess sedimentation rates determine gypsum characteristics and distribution in the studied loess profiles. Besides helping to determine the gypsum primary source areas, isotopic and micromorphological analyses suggest possible regional and temporal paleoclimatic differences (more/less arid) from the close or more open systems of gypsum in relation to meteoric water.</div><div>In addition, the minor and trace elements composition suggests the presence of fluid and solid inclusions in the gypsum crystals of some horizons. This corresponds to gypsum formation in a medium with water rich in sulphates and other salts, and an increased proportion of primary gypsum in the sediment, in contrast to the precipitation of gypsum in unsaturated water.</div><div>The combination of different methods has confirmed that pedogenic gypsum is a potential tool for improving palaeoenvironmental knowledge in arid and semi-arid regions. However, due to its limitations, it is recommended to combine additional techniques and indicators to use pedogenic gypsum as an effective palaeoenvironmental proxy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"466 ","pages":"Article 117667"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future societal developments provide a challenge for pedology as an integrative activity within soil science","authors":"Johan Bouma","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117699","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"466 ","pages":"Article 117699"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking biological and organic matter indicators of soil health with soil water functions in semi-arid compost-amended and intensified cropping systems","authors":"Olufemi Adebayo ,&nbsp;Tess Noble Strohm ,&nbsp;Veronica Acosta-Martinez ,&nbsp;Steven J. Fonte ,&nbsp;Meagan Schipanski ,&nbsp;Maysoon M. Mikha ,&nbsp;Prakriti Bista ,&nbsp;Sangamesh V. Angadi ,&nbsp;Rajan Ghimire","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil health is crucial for sustaining agriculture in arid and semi-arid environments. However, soil health assessments in these environments often lack indicators that are both sensitive to management and functionally linked to ecosystem services such as water regulation. This study evaluated a range of physical, chemical, and biological indicators of soil health under varying cropping intensities and amendments at two semi-arid locations to evaluate their sensitivity to management and their linkages to key soil water functions. Among various indicators tested, microbial responses were highly sensitive to compost application. Compost-amended cropping systems had significantly greater soil microbial biomass, labile carbon (C) content, and inorganic nitrogen (N), with the long-term compost site showing a 211% greater particulate organic matter-C, a 63% greater mineral-associated organic matter-C, and 63% to 268% greater microbial community sizes than those in no-compost amended systems. Cover cropping, particularly with a diverse mixture, modestly improved microbial activity and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi abundance, with a stronger effect when combined with compost. While some indicators exhibited site-specific sensitivity, the most consistently responsive across sites were potentially mineralizable C, total fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), total labile N. Multivariate analysis identified total FAME (microbial community size), total labile N, particulate organic C and field saturated hydraulic conductivity (<em>Kfs</em>) as a minimum data set of indicators for soil health assessment based on their sensitivity, robustness in response, and functional relevance to soil water processes. These findings also support that compost application and intensification of cropping systems can optimize soil health and water regulation in water-limited environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"466 ","pages":"Article 117692"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural changes in soil microbial and nematode communities enhance soil carbon mineralization following subalpine forest conversion to plantations","authors":"Jia Liu ,&nbsp;Kai Fang ,&nbsp;Dungang Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaohu Wang ,&nbsp;Yongping Kou ,&nbsp;Wenqiang Zhao ,&nbsp;Qing Liu ,&nbsp;Huajun Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The soil micro-food web, a complex biotic network governing belowground ecological processes, plays a pivotal role in maintaining critical ecosystem functions through nutrient cycling and energy flow. Despite increasing recognition of anthropogenic impacts on soil micro-food webs, the structural reorganization of soil micro-food webs and its cascading effects on biogeochemical cycling following the conversion of subalpine natural forests to monoculture plantations remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated how forest plantations affect the soil micro-food web (including soil microbes and nematodes) and soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) mineralization in a subalpine region of southwestern China. Our study found that forest plantations substantially altered the soil micro-food web composition and structure, manifesting as reduced microbial biomass (−10 %), nematode abundance (−41 %, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and, more importantly, the deceased stability of the soil micro-food web (−57 %, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, compared with the natural forest, the soil C mineralization rates had significantly increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) by approximately 133 % in the spruce plantation,<!--> <!-->potentially explaining the observed depletion of soil organic carbon stocks. In contrast, N mineralization rates showed no significant differences. The path modelling further demonstrated that the soil micro-food web significantly mediated the effects of forest plantations on the soil C mineralization. Overall, these results emphasized the importance of the soil micro-food web in understanding the ecological consequences of forest plantations and providing insights for the sustainable management of plantations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"466 ","pages":"Article 117695"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146000551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How deep is your soil? Quantifying and spatially analyzing understudied deep soil in the United States","authors":"Gabrielle J. Feber ,&nbsp;Rebecca S. Collins ,&nbsp;Natalie Cowan ,&nbsp;Rosmery Cruz-O’Byrne ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Komolafe ,&nbsp;Kristy I. Lam ,&nbsp;Susan E. Crow ,&nbsp;Noah Fierer ,&nbsp;Caley K. Gasch ,&nbsp;Michael S. Strickland ,&nbsp;Zeli Tan ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Vargas ,&nbsp;David G. Williams ,&nbsp;Zachary E. Kayler","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep soil is largely understudied despite its importance for understanding terrestrial biogeochemical processes. Here, understudied soil is defined as the difference between soil studied to a reported depth and the estimated depth to bedrock. To assess deep soil across the US, we quantified and spatially analyzed understudied soil using soil survey data and model estimates of bedrock depth. We derived an equation to estimate understudied soil using the dataset parameters “max lower depth studied”, “depth to bedrock”, and “likelihood of bedrock in the top 200 cm”. Survey data and bedrock model outputs revealed that soil has been studied to an average depth of 1.4 m, and the average depth to bedrock is 26 m in the US. The greatest amounts of understudied soil occur in the Midwest and the Southwest. Soil data density was highest in regions with greater population density, specifically, the Pacific region (excluding Alaska), the Midwest, and the Northeast. In contrast, Alaska, the Mountain region and South were underrepresented. To understand soil diversity and any taxonomic bias of the global soil data available, soil orders in the dataset were compared with US-based National Resource Conservation Service areal percentages. Oxisols, Alfisols, Ultisols, Andisols, and Histosols were overrepresented, whereas Gelisols, Aridisols, Vertisols, Entisols, and Spodosols were markedly understudied.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"466 ","pages":"Article 117697"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146000553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stoichiometry of peatlands and plants: Mutual interactions in biogeochemical cycles","authors":"Wojciech Piaszczyk ,&nbsp;Andrzej Szlachta ,&nbsp;Stanisław Łyszczarz ,&nbsp;Norbert Szymański ,&nbsp;Michał Jasik ,&nbsp;Mirosław Żelazny ,&nbsp;Stanisław Małek ,&nbsp;Jarosław Lasota ,&nbsp;Ewa Błońska","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although peatlands cover only a small fraction of the Earth’s surface, they store large amounts of carbon and play a key role in global biogeochemical cycles. A joint assessment of the stoichiometry of biogenic elements (C, N and P) and nutrients ratios may improve our understanding of soil–plant interactions across different types of Histosol. The aim of this study was to analyse the stoichiometry of C:N:P and nutrients ratios in peat soils and conifer needles (<em>Picea abies</em> and <em>Pinus sylvestris</em>) across three different histosol types: fibric, hemic and sapric. Particular emphasis was placed on soil–plant relationships and evaluating the potential of stoichiometric indicators to diagnose peatland condition. Samples were collected from 255 sites across Poland. Composite soil samples (0–15 cm depth) and conifer needles were analysed for C and N using an elemental analyser, and for Ca, Mg, K, Al and P using ICP-OES. Ratios (C/N, C/P, N/P, Ca/Mg, Ca/Al and Ca·K·Mg/Al) were then calculated. Statistical procedures included descriptive statistics (median and quartile deviation), a Kruskal–Wallis test (p &lt; 0.05), a principal component analysis (PCA), generalised linear models (GLM), Spearman’s rank correlations and simple linear regressions. Soil carbon content, as well as the C/N, C/P and N/P ratios, decreased systematically from fibric to sapric histosols. Meanwhile, the contents of Ca, Mg, K and Al were significantly higher in sapric soils. In plants, the contents of C, N and P, as well as the C/N, C/P and N/P ratios, did not differ between histosol types. However, the ratios (particularly Ca/Al and Ca·K·Mg/Al) were highest in sapric histosols. Soil–plant correlations were weak for C/N, C/P, and N/P, but slightly stronger for Ca/Al and Ca·K·Mg/Al. PCA (PC1 = 35.52 %; PC2 = 19.41 %) revealed a clear separation, with plants associated with phosphorus and nutrients ratios and soils grouped with C/N and C/P. GLM confirmed the significant effects of both sample and histosol types, with an interaction observed for most indices (except Ca/Mg). Both classical ratios (C/N, C/P and N/P) and ratios (Ca/Al, Ca/Mg and Ca·K·Mg/Al) provide complementary insights into peatland functioning. The decline of C/N and C/P ratios with increasing humification, combined with higher nutrient ratios, indicates their potential for diagnosing peatland degradation and monitoring nutrient cycling dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"466 ","pages":"Article 117687"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of soil thermal property measurements in double-layered soils with the heat pulse sensor vertically crossing a soil horizon interface","authors":"Wei Peng ,&nbsp;Lin Liu ,&nbsp;Meng Tian ,&nbsp;Xiaomeng Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for studying coupled hydrothermal transport processes in layered soils comes with a need for accurate estimations of thermal properties using the heat pulse (HP) sensor. In the case where a HP sensor is installed vertically in a double-layered soil with the sensor crossing a soil horizon interface, its measurements are affected by different upper and lower layered properties. This study combined laboratory and numerical experiments to quantify the effect of the soil horizon interface on HP measurements, and to develop a parameterized cylindrical perfect conductor (PCPC) model that accounts for the interface position and layered properties. Results indicated that the effect of the layered soil properties on HP measurements depended on the soil horizon interface position, specifically when the soil horizon interface was within 15 mm vertically above or below the thermocouples in the HP sensor. A sigmoid function was used to quantify the effects of soil layer properties and soil horizon interface position on HP measurements. The developed PCPC model, based on the sigmoid function, exhibited strong agreement with the numerical simulations, yielding soil thermal property estimates all within a maximum relative error of −3.1%. The PCPC model effectively captured the combined effects of soil horizon interface and thermal properties of soil layers on the HP measurements in a double-layered soil system. This model provides a theoretical basis for the inversion of soil thermal property in such a double-layered soil environments with a HP sensor vertically crossing a soil horizon interface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"466 ","pages":"Article 117680"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bimodal model for thermal conductivity as a function of matric potential incorporating adsorption and capillarity","authors":"Yongwei Fu ,&nbsp;Wenjie Li ,&nbsp;Yili Lu ,&nbsp;Hu Zhou ,&nbsp;Tusheng Ren ,&nbsp;Joshua Heitman ,&nbsp;Robert Horton","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Estimating soil thermal conductivity (λ) in relation to soil water matric potential (<em>h</em>) is important to understand energy transfer, water movement, and ecological processes in soils. However, there is a lack of universally applicable λ(<em>h</em>) relationships that characterize soil thermal behavior across the full <em>h</em> range, particularly for soils with diverse textural classes and varying bulk density. In this study, we present the Boltzman-Tani (BoT) model, a physically based and continuous framework that captures the bimodal pattern of λ (pF, the common logarithm of |<em>h|</em>) relationship over the entire <em>h</em> range by incorporating both adsorption and capillarity. The BoT model parameters pF_ads and pF_cap, which mark the inflection points in the adsorption and capillary domains, respectively, have clear physical meanings and are linked to key soil thermal and hydraulic properties, i.e., critical and hydraulic continuity water contents. We evaluate the BoT model using a λ(pF) dataset comprising 246 observations from 18 soil samples, representing a wide range of texture and bulk density. The BOT model outperforms two existing models: the unified exponential model and the two-segment power model, achieving the least root mean square error (0.043 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹) and mean error (0.033 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹), the lowest Akaike Information Criterion (−82.2), and the highest coefficient of determination (0.983). The changes in λ are driven by variations in the adsorption and capillary components, with adsorptive force dominating at higher pF and capillary force becoming more influential at lower pF, validating the model’s theoretical framework. Furthermore, we develop pedo-transfer functions to estimate the BoT model parameters from soil texture and bulk density, which facilitates its broader and practical application such as soil-climate feedback and optimizing land management. Future work should focus on validating the model with larger, independent datasets and exploring its integration with advanced machine learning techniques to expand its predictive capabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"466 ","pages":"Article 117677"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146000550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Number and dissimilarity of soil amendments influence soil properties and plant communities in a greenhouse experiment","authors":"Huiying Li ,&nbsp;Rebecca Rongstock ,&nbsp;Anika Lehmann ,&nbsp;Inga Simon ,&nbsp;Emma Ring ,&nbsp;Anja Wulf ,&nbsp;Stefanie Maaß ,&nbsp;Matthias C. Rillig","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil health is fundamental in supporting plant diversity and productivity. In turn, a species-rich plant community enhances soil functions and is crucial in sustainable ecosystem management. However, soil degradation increases globally, raising the need for soil restoration. This study aims to test whether improving soil properties through multiple soil amendments promotes a species-rich plant community. We find that the diversity of amendments drives the changes in plant community composition, enhancing species richness, increasing herb and legume biomass, while reducing grass biomass. However, modifications in soil properties, such as water stable aggregates, water holding capacity and soil pH, are influenced by the number of amendments. Aligned with our findings, we observe that greater dissimilarity between restoration amendments results in more synergistic interactions for total above- and below-ground biomass. Our work emphasizes the mechanistic interactions of multiple soil amendments, providing actionable approach to enhance soil multifunctionality and support more targeted restoration strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"466 ","pages":"Article 117703"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of water conservation methods on soil amelioration and crop yield in saline–alkali soil across China: A meta-analysis","authors":"Weihao Dou ,&nbsp;Ran Li ,&nbsp;Chen Guo ,&nbsp;Yonggan Zhao ,&nbsp;Wan Geng ,&nbsp;Liebao Han ,&nbsp;Wenchao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2026.117705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Saline‒alkali soil is widespread and pose a major constraint to crop production. Nevertheless, as a substantial reserve of cultivable land, their reclamation plays a pivotal role in mitigating land scarcity, safeguarding food security, and promoting sustainable ecological development. With the development of irrigated agriculture, flood irrigation, drip irrigation and other water conservation methods are often used to ameliorate saline‒alkali soils. Nevertheless, an insufficient understanding of the efficacy, limitations, and contextual applicability of these methods when used indiscriminately, may render these interventions ineffective and trigger secondary soil salinization and alkalization processes. We employed a <em>meta</em>-analysis and linear regression to quantify the effects of typical water conservation methods (included various forms of drip and flood irrigation, with or without salinity or drainage) on soil properties (salinity, alkalinity, nutrient) and crop yield in saline–alkali soils across China, and to clarify the relationships among these effects. The results indicated that water conservation methods significantly reduced the soil electrical conductivity (EC, −10.0%), soil salt content (SSC, −65.0%), pH (−4.2%), and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR, −42.3%) while notably increasing the soil nutrient content (73.1%) and crop yield (13.3%). Among these methods, conventional drip irrigation and film-mulched drip irrigation reduced soil salinity and alkalinity and increased crop yield the most. Notably, saline water irrigation exhibited unstable ameliorative effects with potential secondary salinization risks, accompanied by yield suppression. The impoundment method decreased the SSC (−56.4%), pH (−7.3%), establishing a viable pathway for the amelioration of saline–alkali soil. However, the combination of flood irrigation with drainage method had a more positive effect on saline–alkali soils than the combination of drip irrigation with drainage. The results of regression analysis revealed that the reduction of soil salinity and alkalinity by water conservation methods improved soil fertility, thereby enhancing crop yields. This study provides theoretical support for the formulation of site-specific strategies to develop resource-efficient and eco-friendly agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"466 ","pages":"Article 117705"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}