Geoderma最新文献

{"title":"Biomarker analysis revealed tidal organic carbon input enhanced soil respiration and weakened carbon sequestration function of estuarine wetland: Field validation of the Jiuduansha Wetland in the Yangtze River estuary","authors":"Haoyu Dong, Liwei Qian, Jianfang Yan, Lianying Gao, Xiaohua Fu, Lei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117134","url":null,"abstract":"In estuarine wetlands, tidal water is an important source of organic carbon input besides plants. However, it remains unclear whether tidal organic carbon input can affect soil organic carbon turnover processes in estuarine wetlands, especially soil respiration (SR) and carbon output. <ce:italic>N</ce:italic>-alkanes and lignin can be used as biomarker compounds to reflect the input and retention of organic carbon from tidal and plant sources. In the experiment, the contents of <ce:italic>n</ce:italic>-alkanes and lignin in tidal water, soil and plant samples were measured from upstream to downstream in Jiuduansha Wetland in the Yangtze River Estuary to compare the input intensity and retention capacity of tidal organic carbon with plant organic carbon in soils, and try to verify whether exogenous tidal organic carbon input enhanced SR and weakened carbon sequestration function. <ce:italic>N</ce:italic>-alkanes analysis revealed tidal organic carbon input gradually reduced from upstream to downstream of Jiuduansha wetland, and its degradability also reduced, which is an important reason for higher SR in upstream wetland. Lignin analysis showed the plant organic carbon input decreased with decreasing elevation, however the retention ratio of plant organic carbon was the highest in low tidal flats which has a high tidal organic carbon input. These results indicated tidal organic carbon was more easily degraded to CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> than plant organic carbon. <ce:italic>N</ce:italic>-alkanes analysis also indicated only 11.94%–13.76% of the tidal organic carbon originated from CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> (phytoplankton organic carbon (OC)), therefore the tidal organic carbon input did not increase the wetland CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> input significantly, but significantly increase SR and CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> emission of the wetland, this will weaken carbon sequestration function of estuarine wetland. Therefore, future studies should explore strategies to balance carbon sequestration and tidal organic matter interception and purification functions of estuarine wetlands.","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"238 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142804456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil total carbon as a key factor affects soil biota attributes in plant mixtures over time: A meta-analysis","authors":"Huiling Zhang, Jinshan Cai, Xu Yang, Jing Huang, Xuan Zhou, Dima Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117125","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have determined that soil biota have distinct responses to plant richness. However, the potential mechanisms that regulate soil biota (microbes and fauna) attributes (biomass, activity, and abundance) to plant mixtures over experimental time are still unclear. By conducting 1594 paired observations of the impacts of plant mixture on soil biota attributes and its corresponding potential drivers from 179 studies, we found that plant above- and belowground biomass and total biomass were significantly increased by 35.0%, 52.9%, and 48.6% under plant mixture, respectively. Soil pH decreased significantly by 0.8% with experimental time. The responses of soil microbial attributes were more sensitive than soil fauna abundances under plant mixture over time. On average, soil microbial respiration and microbial biomass increased by 11.6% and 12.1%, respectively, in plant mixtures across all ecosystem types. For soil fauna community, only the abundance of herbivores showed a significant increase of 20.4% to plant mixtures. The response of above- and belowground biomass, total biomass, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen, and pH showed positive relationships with most specific microbial attributes, while mean annual precipitation, mean annual temperature, and the response of soil total nitrogen and NO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">–</ce:sup>-N showed negative relationships with them in response to plant mixtures. The abundance of soil fauna was secondarily affected by the changes of soil abiotic properties. Taken together, the response of soil total carbon had a strong effect on soil biota attributes. Changes in belowground biomass and total biomass showed negative relationships with specific soil fauna abundance, while soil total carbon, nitrogen, pH, and soil moisture showed positive relationships with specific soil fauna abundance. However, only herbivore abundance showed significant differences across different ecosystems. Our analysis illustrates the distinct responses of soil biota attributes to plant mixtures and their potential influencing factors, thereby benefiting the sustainability of soil biota biodiversity in the face of plant richness loss.","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil water repellency of two disturbed soils contaminated with different agricultural microplastics tested under controlled laboratory conditions","authors":"Železnikar Špela, Drobne Damjana, Hočevar Matej, Noč Matic, Pintar Marina","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117124","url":null,"abstract":"Soil water repellency (SWR) significantly affects plant growth, along with surface and subsurface hydrology, posing a challenge for agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability. Nowadays, the occurrence of microplastics (MP) in the environment, particularly from agricultural practices, raises concerns about MP impact on soil properties. Among them, SWR is affected by hydrophobicity of MP particles detected in soils. This study introduces a method and presents results of a screening test to assess the effects of MP on SWR, utilizing Water Drop Penetration Time (WDPT) analysis under controlled laboratory conditions in destructed soil samples. We compared SWR of two soil types differing in portion of sand, loam and clay. Soils were mixed with three different types of MP originating from agricultural mulch films: low-density polyethylene (LDPE), biodegradable polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), and starch-based biodegradable plastics (Starch). The MP were milled to a uniform size range of some 10 to 300 μm and mixed with the soil samples. WDPT measurements were taken immediately after mixing and recorded for up to 60 s in order to find MP concentration levels at which strongly or more severely water repellency is inducted on soil samples. Our findings reveal that both, soil type and MP type significantly influence SWR, where there are notable differences observed between bio-based (Starch based) and non-bio-based (LDPE and PBAT) plastics’ effects on SWR in the two tested soil types. Data highlights the distinct behaviour of Starch in altering soil hydrophobicity, prominently different from the impact of both PBAT and LDPE. The measurement technique we have developed for quantifying SWR levels could be used for both research applications and the dissemination of findings. It can significantly enhance decision-making processes regarding the selection of optimal plastic alternatives for agricultural use.","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of exopolysaccharides from Rhizobium tropici on transformation and aggregate sizes of iron oxides","authors":"Huimin Zhang ,&nbsp;Steve L. Larson ,&nbsp;John H. Ballard ,&nbsp;Kauri A. Runge ,&nbsp;Xinyun Xie ,&nbsp;Olanrewaju M. Olafuyi ,&nbsp;Hongxiang Hu ,&nbsp;Fengxiang X. Han","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron oxide transformations in soil significantly impact nutrient availability and plant health. This study investigated the interaction between exopolysaccharides (EPS), produced by <em>Rhizobium tropici</em>, and iron oxide (Fe₃O₄), focusing on their impact on the transformation, particle size, and zeta potential of iron oxides. The characterization of the EPS-iron oxide composites was carried out using X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)/Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX). The EPS adsorption kinetics revealed chemisorption and diffusion as controlling processes for EPS adsorption on Fe₃O₄, while isotherm data with releasing proton indicated possible ion exchange and heterogeneous layered adsorption. Desorption studies suggested the high stability of EPS-iron complexes. Notably, EPS significantly increased the aggregate size of EPS-iron complexes at low EPS/iron oxide molar ratios but shrank the aggregate size at higher ratios (&gt; EPS/iron oxide 2 × 10⁻⁴). Additionally, EPS complexation resulted in a shift in the zeta potential towards more negative surface functionality. Functional groups within EPS, specifically –COOH, –OH and –NH played a crucial role in the interaction of EPS with iron oxides. The study concluded that EPS coating prevented the transformation of Fe₃O₄ into other iron oxide forms like β-FeOOH, α-Fe₂O₃, and γ-Fe₂O₃, elucidating the significant role of EPS in soil mineral processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"452 ","pages":"Article 117119"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142743898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hairy vetch influence on nitrous oxide and nitrate leaching losses during corn growing seasons in reduced and no-till systems","authors":"Ashani Thilakarathne ,&nbsp;Madhabi Tiwari ,&nbsp;Oladapo Adeyemi ,&nbsp;Amanda Weidhuner ,&nbsp;Pawan Kumar ,&nbsp;Gurbir Singh ,&nbsp;Jon Schoonover ,&nbsp;Karl Williard ,&nbsp;Karla Gage ,&nbsp;Amir Sadeghpour","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shifting from reduced tillage (RT) to no-till (NT) often reduces phosphorus (P) runoff by minimizing soil erosion. However, it might increase nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions or nitrate-N (NO₃-N) leaching. Including a legume cover crop such as hairy vetch (<em>Vicia villosa</em> L.) before corn (<em>Zea mays</em> L.) is a common practice among growers in the Midwest USA. However, the effects of hairy vetch following soybean (<em>Glycine</em> max L.) harvest on NO₃-N leaching and N₂O emissions during the following corn season in soil with clay and fragipans are less assessed. This study evaluated the influence of cover crop (hairy vetch vs. no-CC control) and tillage systems (NT vs. RT) when 179 kg ha⁻¹ nitrogen (N) was applied at planting on (i) corn yield, N uptake, removal, and balance; (ii) N₂O emissions and NO₃-N leaching; (iii) yield-scaled N₂O emissions and NO₃-N leaching during two corn growing seasons. We also evaluated factors influencing N₂O emissions and NO₃-N leaching via principal component analysis. Corn grain yield was higher in RT (8.4 Mg ha⁻¹) than NT (6.2 Mg ha⁻¹), reflecting<!--> <!-->more available N in the soil in RT than NT, possibly due to the favorable aeration and increased soil temperature in deeper soil layers resulting from tillage. Hairy vetch increased corn grain yield and soil N. However, it led to higher losses of both N₂O-N and NO₃-N, indicating that increased corn grain yield, due to the hairy vetch’s N contribution, also resulted in higher N losses. Yield-scaled N₂O-N emissions in NT-2019 (3696.4 g N₂O-N Mg⁻¹) were twofold higher than RT-2019 (1872.7 g N₂O-N Mg⁻¹) and almost fourfold higher than NT-2021 and RT-2021 indicating in a wet year like 2019, yield-scaled N₂O-N emissions were higher in NT than RT. Principal component analysis indicated that NO₃-N leaching was most correlated with soil N availability and corn grain yield (both positive correlations). In contrast, due to the continued presence of soil N, soil N₂O-N fluxes were more driven by soil volumetric water content (VWC) with a positive correlation. We conclude that in soils with claypan and fragipans in humid climates, NT is not an effective strategy to decrease N₂O-N fluxes. Hairy vetch benefits corn grain yield and supplements N but increases N loss through NO₃-N leaching and N₂O-N emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"453 ","pages":"Article 117121"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different tillage methods on soil properties and maize seedling growth in alternating wide and narrow rows rotation mode in the Songliao Plain of China","authors":"Yueyong Wang ,&nbsp;Yongguang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Libin Wang ,&nbsp;Yonglu Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117120","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Songliao Plain is the main maize (&lt;em&gt;Zea mays&lt;/em&gt; L.) producing region in Northeast China. The no-tillage&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (NT) method in alternating wide and narrow rows rotation mode is widely used for maize planting in this region. However, in spring, the NT method in this mode suffer from low soil temperature and high soil water content&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (SWC), which severely restrict maize seed germination and seedling growth. We pioneered the research and practice of the ridge tillage&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (RT) method and strip tillage&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (ST) method in this mode. We developed a new tillage machine to enable the implementation of RT and ST methods in alternating wide and narrow rows rotation mode, which has not been previously reported in this region. In this mode, the relative research of the RT method and ST method has not been conducted, and the effects of the RT method and ST method on the soil properties and maize seedling growth have not been clarified. Therefore, a 3-year field experiment was conducted at 7 randomly selected experimental sites in this region to research the effects of RT, ST, and NT methods on soil properties and maize seedling growth. During the spring sowing period, for soil pH, organic matter&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (OM), available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium, both the RT method and ST method resulted in greater values than the NT method, and there was no significant difference between the RT method and ST method. This indicated that prolonged NT was not conducive to even distribution of OM, resulting in slightly lower available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compared to the RT and ST methods. Within 30 days after spring sowing, for soil temperature, RT method value &gt; ST method value &gt; NT method value; for SWC, NT method value &gt; RT method value &gt; ST method value. For mean seedling emergence time&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (MET), RT method value &lt; ST method value &lt; NT method value; for seedling emergence rate&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (ER), plant height, stem thickness, and plant dry weight, RT method value &gt; ST method value &gt; NT method value. Higher soil temperature, more suitable SWC, and better nutrient availability were beneficial in shortening MET, promoting dry matter accumulation, which ultimately increased plant height, stem thickness, and plant dry weight of maize seedlings. In RT, ST, and NT methods, soil temperature and plant dry weight were positively and linearly correlated in the 10–22 °C soil temperature interval. In the RT method and ST method, SWC and plant dry weight were positively and linearly correlated in the 15–24 % SWC interval. In the NT method, SWC and plant dry weight were negatively and linearly correlated in the 27–35 % SWC interval. Moreover, maize yield responses were positive for the R","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"452 ","pages":"Article 117120"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142718680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High resolution soil moisture mapping in 3D space and time using machine learning and depth functions","authors":"Mo Zhang ,&nbsp;Yong Ge ,&nbsp;Gerard B.M. Heuvelink ,&nbsp;Yuxin Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil moisture is a key factor in hydrological, biological, and chemical processes, and plays a critical role in maintaining ecosystem balance. To generate high-resolution soil moisture maps at regional scales, researchers primarily employed in-situ observation-based spatial interpolation and remote sensing-based downscaling methods. However, direct comparisons between these methods are scarce. Additionally, remote sensing techniques are limited to the topsoil layer, and in-situ observations often have large depth intervals, thereby constraining the vertical resolution of subsurface soil moisture mapping. To address these challenges, we utilized an equal-area spline depth function combined with machine learning to map high spatial-vertical-resolution daily soil moisture across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The performance of spatial interpolation and downscaling methods in mapping surface soil moisture at 0–5 cm depth were also compared. The results revealed that both spatial interpolation and downscaling methods produced unbiased predictions. However, prediction accuracy was lower in the peripheral subareas of the study area which had lower sampling density. Maps generated through the spatial interpolation method better captured detailed environmental covariates, whereas those obtained with downscaling methods were smoother. The fitting of depth functions introduced only small errors, but caution is still needed when predicting at unobserved depths. For subsurface soil moisture mapping using depth functions combined with spatial interpolation, validation results at two depth intervals showed improvements over surface predictions, with a root mean squared error (RMSE) reduced by 6.45 % to 17.2 % and unbiased RMSE by 5.95 % to 19.04 %. Furthermore, the analysis of variable importance highlighted the critical role of time-varying covariates. Future research should focus on optimizing depth functions and combining data-driven with knowledge-driven approaches. This study serves as a reference for mapping soil moisture with fine spatial-vertical-resolution in large-scale study areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"452 ","pages":"Article 117117"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A European soil organic carbon monitoring system leveraging Sentinel 2 imagery and the LUCAS soil data base","authors":"Bas van Wesemael ,&nbsp;Asmaa Abdelbaki ,&nbsp;Eyal Ben-Dor ,&nbsp;Sabine Chabrillat ,&nbsp;Pablo d’Angelo ,&nbsp;José A.M. Demattê ,&nbsp;Giulio Genova ,&nbsp;Asa Gholizadeh ,&nbsp;Uta Heiden ,&nbsp;Paul Karlshoefer ,&nbsp;Robert Milewski ,&nbsp;Laura Poggio ,&nbsp;Marmar Sabetizade ,&nbsp;Adrián Sanz ,&nbsp;Peter Schwind ,&nbsp;Nikolaos Tsakiridis ,&nbsp;Nikolaos Tziolas ,&nbsp;Julia Yagüe ,&nbsp;Daniel Žížala","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Worldsoils project has developed a pre-operational Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) monitoring system in a cloud environment. The system predicts topsoil organic carbon content at regional and continental scales from Earth Observation (EO) satellite data with a continuous cover over Europe. The system utilizes spectral models for croplands and a digital soil mapping approach for permanently vegetated areas such as grasslands and forests. Models strongly rely on soil reflectance composites from the Sentinel 2 multispectral instrument providing the median reflectance for all valid pixels over a period of three years. The bare soil frequency, a proxy for the degree of crop cover, is clearly lower in a Mediterranean pilot region compared to croplands in temperate regions. This is due to the extensive crop cover in the Mediterranean with winter cereals and fodder crops. The graphical user interface provides SOC content and the prediction interval ratio (i.e. 90 % uncertainty interval divided by the median) for 50 m pixels in three pilot regions and 100 m pixels for the rest of Europe. The SOC prediction algorithms are reasonable compared to others at the continental scale (R²: 0.41 for croplands and 0.28 for permanently vegetated areas). Apart from tree crops in Macedonia (Greece) the soil reflectance composite attributes the correct model to validation sets of cropland and grassland in the pilot regions. The SOC prediction is satisfactory in Wallonia (Belgium; R² 0.51) but is less accurate in Greece and the Czech Republic. In particular in Greece, the poor performance is linked to the low bare soil frequency due to the abundance of tree crops, cereals and fodder crops. The monitoring system can reproduce spatial patterns in SOC content similar to the ones obtained from a detailed regional algorithm using the new generation of hyperspectral satellites. However, the very high values in kettle holes in a morainic landscape of Northern Germany are underestimated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"452 ","pages":"Article 117113"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142718684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of placic horizons in soils of a temperate climate – The interplay of lithology and pedogenesis (Stołowe Mts, SW Poland)","authors":"Jarosław Waroszewski ,&nbsp;Łukasz Uzarowicz ,&nbsp;Marek Kasprzak ,&nbsp;Markus Egli ,&nbsp;Aleksandra Loba ,&nbsp;Artur Błachowski","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A placic horizon is a thin soil layer that is cemented or indurated by Fe, Mn, and/or Al compounds as well as by organic matter. The placic horizon is a hard, continuous, and nearly impermeable and impenetrable horizon that retards the vertical leaching of water and inhibits the growth of roots. Placic horizons can develop under different climates and in various ways. However, we do not fully understand the interactions between lithology and pedogenesis that might promote placic horizon formation. Therefore, to shed light on the mechanisms of placic genesis, we used an applied multiproxy approach (electrical resistivity tomography – ERT, XRD, ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, bulk geochemistry, soil micromorphology and ¹⁴C dating) for three soils developed from sandstone–mudstone parent materials in mountainous areas of SW Poland, to shed light on the mechanisms of placic horizon genesis. The ERT inversion models and soil survey data indicate lithic discontinuities in the profiles. Soil micromorphology data confirmed that a placic horizons formed slightly below the discontinuity. Radiocarbon ages of the placic horizon span from 2.2 to 4.8 ka and suggest that more humid conditions were favorable for the formation of a placic horizon, which aligns with our mineralogical results. Ferrihydrite is the major Fe oxyhydroxide in the placic horizon. Micromorphological data showed that after the formation of the placic horizon, a phase of clay migration might have occurred, while later, podzolisation took over as the main soil-forming process. This sequence shows that thin iron pans can develop independently of other processes and can exist (at least some of them) before the development of a spodic horizon. A placic horizon causes severe hydrological changes in the topsoil and subsurface horizons. Thus, water stagnation in the soil transforms it into a Stagnosol or Planosol and it’s responsible for the evolution of local plant communities and the ecosystem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"452 ","pages":"Article 117118"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Moroccan soil spectral library use framework for improving soil property prediction: Evaluating a geostatistical approach","authors":"Tadesse Gashaw Asrat ,&nbsp;Timo Breure ,&nbsp;Ruben Sakrabani ,&nbsp;Ron Corstanje ,&nbsp;Kirsty L. Hassall ,&nbsp;Abdellah Hamma ,&nbsp;Fassil Kebede ,&nbsp;Stephan M. Haefele","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A soil spectrum generated by any spectrometer requires a calibration model to estimate soil properties from it. To achieve best results, the assumption is that locally calibrated models offer more accurate predictions. However, achieving this higher accuracy comes with associated costs, complexity, and resource requirements, thus limiting widespread adoption. Furthermore, there is a lack of comprehensive frameworks for developing and utilizing soil spectral libraries (SSLs) to make predictions for specific samples. While calibration samples are necessary, there is the need to optimize SSL development through strategically determining the quantity, location, and timing of these samples based on the quality of the information in the library. This research aimed to develop a spatially optimized SSL and propose a use-framework tailored for predicting soil properties for a specific farmland context. Consequently, the Moroccan SSL (MSSL) was established utilizing a stratified spatially balanced sampling design, using six environmental covariates and FAO soil units. Subsequently, various criteria for calibration sample selection were explored, including a spatial autocorrelation of spectra principal component (PC) scores (spatial calibration sample selection), spectra similarity memory-based learner (MBL), and selection based on environmental covariate clustering. Twelve soil properties were used to evaluate these calibration sample selections to predict soil properties using the near infrared (NIR) and mid infrared (MIR) ranges. Among the methods assessed, we observed distinct precision improvements resulting from spatial sample selection and MBL compared to the use of the entire MSSL. Notably, the Lin’s Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) values using the spatial calibration sample selection was improved for Olsen extractable phosphorus (OlsenP) by 41.3% and Mehlich III extractable phosphorus (P_M3) by 8.5% for the MIR spectra and for CEC by 25.6%, pH by 13.0% and total nitrogen (Tot_N) by 10.6% for the NIR spectra in reference to use of the entire MSSL. Utilizing the spatial autocorrelation of the spectra PC scores proved beneficial in identifying appropriate calibration samples for a new sample location, thereby enhancing prediction performance comparable to, or surpassing that of the use of the entire MSSL. This study signifies notable advancement in crafting targeted models tailored for specific samples within a vast and diverse SSL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"452 ","pages":"Article 117116"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}