Frontiers in Psychology最新文献

Objective: Specialised sport schools at the lower secondary level aim to support the holistic development of young athletes. Consequently, understanding how to influence student-athletes' self-perceptions both inside and outside of the sporting context is of interest. Grounded in Achievement goal theory, this study examined whether achievement goal orientations were related to self-esteem, both directly and indirectly through perceived sport performance. Additionally, we investigated whether athletic identity moderated the indirect relationship between achievement goal orientations and self-esteem.

Methods: The sample comprised 579 student-athletes aged 12 to 16 years (Mage = 13.93; SD = 0.85), recruited from seven Norwegian lower secondary sport schools. All participants responded to items concerning their general self-esteem, goal orientations, perceived performance and athletic identity.

Results: Regression analyses revealed that athletes' achievement goal orientations were directly and indirectly (via perceived performance) related to their self-esteem. However, athletic identity did not moderate the indirect relationship.

Conclusion: Overall, the findings suggest that student-athletes who view success as doing their very best tend to be more satisfied with their own sport performance and experience higher self-esteem. Conversely, athletes who view success as being the best are generally less satisfied with their performance and report lower self-esteem. Notably, these relationships do not appear to be stronger in athletes with a stronger identification with their athlete role.

Background: Physical activity (PA) reduces cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD); however, PA participation among this population remains suboptimal. As a fourth-generation health behavior theory, the Multi-Theory Model (MTM) uniquely defines independent determinants of behavior initiation and maintenance. However, its applicability in predicting PA behaviors among MHD patients remains unexplored. This study aims to evaluate the predictive validity of MTM constructs for initiating and maintaining PA intentions among MHD patients, providing evidence for developing targeted intervention strategies.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2024 to March 2025 at the hemodialysis center of a tertiary hospital in Shandong Province, China. A convenience sample resulted in 274 valid responses. A self-developed questionnaire collected sociodemographic and disease-related data, while the Measuring Change in Physical Activity Questionnaire assessed six MTM constructs. Correlation analysis and hierarchical multiple linear regression explored predictive relationships between MTM constructs and intentions to initiate and maintain PA.

Results: After controlling for demographic and disease-related covariates, dialogue advantages (β = 0.238, p < 0.001), dialogue disadvantages (β = -0.087, p = 0.006), behavioral confidence (β = 0.560, p < 0.001), and changes in physical environment (β = 0.180, p < 0.001) from the MTM initiation model significantly predicted PA initiation intention, explaining an additional 56.9% of variance (ΔR² = 0.569, p < 0.001). Within the MTM maintenance model, emotional transformation (β = 0.390, p < 0.001), practice for change (β = 0.398, p < 0.001), and changes in social environment (β = 0.131, p = 0.004) significantly predicted PA maintenance intention, accounting for an additional 53.7% of variance (ΔR² = 0.537, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: This study demonstrates the utility of the MTM in predicting PA intentions among MHD patients, particularly in identifying factors related to the initiation and maintenance stages. The MTM framework offers a two-stage perspective on behavior change, contributing to the understanding of key factors associated with PA intentions. Future research could further explore the mechanisms underlying these factors in the broader population of MHD patients.

Introduction: Cognition involves interconnected functions which may overlap across tasks. Thus, neuropsychological assessment should be optimized in tests, while integrating socio-demographic and socio-cultural factors like Sex and Cognitive Reserve (CR). This study aims to (1) determine whether a global cognitive factor can be identified from a comprehensive battery and whether it remains detectable after removing redundant tests; and (2) examine the combined effects of Age and Cognitive Reserve (CR) on performance across sexes.

Methods: One thousand and one healthy individuals (599 females) aged 18-99 underwent a battery of tests and the Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire (CRIq) was administered to estimate CR.

Results: Reducing the number of overlapping tests revealed a single Cognition factor representing overall performance. Performance remained relatively stable up to the age of 60, then a marked decline was observed. Overall, test scores tended to be higher in males, and in most tasks, the higher CR the better the performance. However, when CR was considered, sex differences were no longer evident in most tasks. Notably, CR had a strong impact on female performance -especially CR gained through workrelated activities.

Discussion: Reducing the number of redundant tests enhances the efficiency of the assessment. High CR reduces decline and slows its progression. Differences in sex-related performance seem to depend on CR, mainly in relation to occupation, which may differentially benefit males in terms of cognitive performance. This underscores the importance of promoting cognitively enriching life experiences for both sexes and equal career opportunities across the lifespan to support cognitive health in ageing.

Introduction: Physical exercise has been widely shown to benefit employees' psychological functioning; however, less is known about how these benefits are translated into work-related outcomes. Drawing on Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, this study examines whether and how physical exercise influences job performance through the mediating roles of positive affect and self-efficacy.

Methods: A three-wave time-lagged survey was conducted among full-time employees in China. Physical exercise was measured at Time 1, positive affect and self-efficacy at Time 2, and job performance at Time 3. The hypothesized mediation model was tested using PROCESS Model 4 with 5,000 bootstrap samples.

Results: The results indicate that physical exercise significantly predicts both positive affect and self-efficacy, and that these psychological resources are positively associated with job performance. When positive affect and self-efficacy are included simultaneously in the model, the direct effect of physical exercise on job performance is substantially reduced and becomes non-significant, whereas the indirect effects through both mediators remain significant, underscoring the dominant role of the mediated pathways.

Discussion: These findings suggest that the effects of physical exercise on job performance are primarily transmitted through psychological resources rather than through a direct mechanism. From a theoretical perspective, this study demonstrates that physical exercise functions as an upstream resource investment behavior whose performance benefits are mainly realized through the accumulation and deployment of psychological resources, thereby extending COR theory to the non-work domain. From a practical perspective, the results imply that organizational initiatives aimed at enhancing job performance through physical exercise should prioritize interventions that effectively foster employees' positive affect and self-efficacy, rather than merely encouraging participation in exercise activities.

Grounded in the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) framework, this study refines the model within the context of short video platforms (SVPs) and digital music consumption. By incorporating social identity as a context-specific "Organism" mediator alongside music recommendation satisfaction, we explore the dual psychological pathways-individual and social-through which SVP usage shapes the consumption behaviors of Chinese undergraduates. We identify four key "Stimulus" variables (platform usability, social influence, emotional regulation, algorithm perception) and measure digital music consumption behavior as the "Response." Data were collected from 602 Chinese undergraduates via a mixed-method survey and analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 21.0. The results demonstrated strong scale reliability (all Cronbach's α > 0.8) and validity (KMO = 0.923; CFA indicated good fit: χ²/df = 1.415, GFI = 0.952, CFI = 0.988, RMSEA = 0.032). Correlation analysis revealed significant positive relationships (r = 0.4-0.7, p < 0.001) among key variables. Regression and bootstrap mediation analyses confirmed that: (1) the four stimulus factors are positively associated with consumption behavior; (2) music recommendation satisfaction mediates the effects of platform usability, emotional regulation, and algorithm perception (standardized indirect effects = 0.202, 0.207, 0.183, p < 0.05); (3) social identity specifically mediates the relationship between social influence and consumption (standardized indirect effect = 0.245, p < 0.001); (4) the indirect effect of social influence through music recommendation satisfaction is not significant (standardized indirect effect = 0.005, 95% CI [-0.031, 0.033]); (5) social influence emerged as the strongest predictor (β = 0.27 in SEM, β = 0.182 in regression, p < 0.001). The refined model explained 58.2% of the variance in consumption behavior and 32.9% in recommendation satisfaction. These findings deepen the understanding of context-bound psychological mechanisms in SVP-driven music consumption and offer practical insights for platform operators, industry stakeholders, and educators.

Rumination is a core modifiable cognitive risk factor for the onset and maintenance of mood and anxiety disorders. Exercise emerges as a safe, accessible, and scalable non-pharmacological intervention with potential to mitigate rumination and enhance mental health. This review synthesizes evidence on the neurobiological mechanisms and clinical efficacy of exercise interventions for rumination. Evidence suggests that exercise modulates activity in the default mode network and PFC-limbic circuits, and promotes the release of key neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors. Therapeutic outcomes are influenced by exercise modality, intensity, frequency, and individual differences. Integrating exercise with psychotherapeutic or digital tools could produce synergistic effects. Future research requires large-scale, longitudinal trials to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize personalized intervention strategies.

Objective: This study examined the heterogeneous nature of dual-career stress and its asymmetric associations with on adolescent athletes, aiming to: (1) identify distinct stress profiles based on academic, training, and role-conflict stressors; (2) assess whether stress associations vary across levels of athletic burnout and academic performance; and (3) test whether stress profiles moderate these relationships.

Methods: A two-wave longitudinal study included 843 adolescent male football players in China. Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) categorized participants using three stressor subscales at Time 1. Quantile Regression (QR) at Time 2 (6 months later) analyzed the association between total stress and athletic burnout and academic performance across five quantiles (τ = 0.10-0.90), with stress profile as moderator, controlling for social support, time management, and demographics.

Results: LPA revealed four profiles: Balanced Moderates (37.2%), Academically Overwhelmed (28.1%), Sport-Centric Strained (22.0%), and Dual-Track Distressed (12.7%). QR showed the positive association between stress and burnout increased across quantiles (β = 0.41 at τ = 0.10 to 0.78 at τ = 0.90), with the strongest association observed among already burnt-out athletes most. For academic performance, the negative association between stress and performance was strongest at lower quantiles (β = -0.71 at τ = 0.10) and weaker at higher quantiles (β = -0.29 at τ = 0.90). Stress profiles significantly moderate these relationships: the Dual-Track Distressed profile showed the strongest association with on burnout (β = 0.89), while Academically Overwhelmed and Dual-Track Distressed profiles showed the strongest negative association with on academic performance (β = -0.79 and -0.92, respectively).

Conclusion: Dual-career stress experiences and impacts are highly heterogeneous. Adolescents cluster into meaningful stress profiles, and stress is most strongly associated with negative outcomes among those already at extremes of burnout or poor academic performance. Findings underscore the need for personalized interventions tailored to athletes' specific stress profiles and outcome levels, supporting holistic development in dual-career contexts.

Introduction: Workplace ostracism is generally assumed to diminish employees' willingness to share knowledge, yet empirical findings remain inconclusive. Drawing on the two-component model of impression management, this research examines whether inclusive leadership influences ostracized employees' knowledge sharing behavior through impression motivation.

Methods: We conducted two scenario-based experiments (Study 1: hotel employees, N = 211; Study 2: software employees, N = 247) and a two-wave field survey (Study 3: full-time employees from various professions in China, N = 221).

Results: Results across the three studies consistently demonstrated that inclusive leadership moderates the relationship between workplace ostracism and knowledge sharing behavior. When inclusive leadership was low, workplace ostracism negatively affected impression motivation, which in turn reduced knowledge sharing. Conversely, when inclusive leadership was high, workplace ostracism positively influenced impression motivation, subsequently enhancing knowledge sharing behavior. Impression motivation mediated the interactive effect of workplace ostracism and inclusive leadership on knowledge sharing.

Discussion: These findings advance the workplace ostracism literature by identifying inclusive leadership as a critical boundary condition that can transform social exclusion into constructive behavioral outcomes. They also extend the two-component model to the domain of knowledge management and offer practical implications for leadership development in organizations.

Introduction: Purpose in Life is a key psychosocial resource during the university stage, contributing to psychological adjustment and well-being. To date, no psychometric validations of the abbreviated Purpose in Life scale (PILEA-4) have been reported in Latin America. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the PILEA-4 in a sample of Peruvian university students.

Methods: A total of 1,006 students (55.5% women; ages 17-30) from public and private universities in Arequipa, Peru, participated. The PILEA-4 (four Likert-type items) and a Positive Youth Development questionnaire (5Cs) were administered. Due to multivariate non-normality, a unidimensional model was estimated through confirmatory factor analysis using robust maximum likelihood. Model fit was evaluated using χ², df, CFI, TLI, SRMR, and RMSEA with confidence intervals. Reliability (omega) and convergent validity (average variance extracted and correlations with the 5Cs) were examined. Measurement invariance across sex was tested through multigroup analysis.

Results: The unidimensional model showed good global fit (CFI = 0.985; TLI = 0.956; SRMR = 0.023; RMSEA = 0.079, 95% CI 0.054-0.108), with standardized loadings ranging from 0.69 to 0.90. The scale demonstrated high reliability (ω = 0.873) and adequate convergent validity (AVE = 0.641; correlations with the 5Cs ranged from 0.19 to 0.57). Multigroup analyses confirmed measurement invariance across sex up to the strict level, supporting valid comparisons between women and men.

Discussion: These findings provide solid psychometric evidence supporting the use of the PILEA-4 as a brief measure for screening and monitoring purpose in life in Peruvian university settings. To our knowledge, this represents the first validation of the PILEA-4 reported in Latin America.

Scientific scepticism, as an epistemic orientation, remains under-researched. This study investigated the interplay between belief in science, supernatural credence, and cognitive processing styles in a sample of 300 participants (M _age = 45.95, SD = 14.32). Traditional (TPB) and New Age (NAP) paranormal beliefs correlated positively with intuitive-experiential measures and negatively with analytical-rational processing indices. Belief in Science showed the inverse pattern of relationships. Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) identified two distinct subgroups: Higher Evidence-based Thinking (HET; 55%), defined by high scientific and low paranormal belief, and Lower Evidence-based Thinking (LET; 45%), characterized by low scientific and high paranormal belief. HET (vs. LET) participants demonstrated significantly greater analytical-rational and lower intuitive-experiential processing. Cognitive rigidity (dogmatism and need for closure) did not differentiate between profiles, suggesting these are belief-neutral characteristics of strongly held convictions. Findings indicated that scientific and paranormal beliefs represent oppositional worldviews associated with distinct, preferred modes of information processing.