Frontiers in Psychology最新文献

Background: Individuals with a minority sexual orientation have consistently been found to face a greater risk of mental health problems and problematic substance use than heterosexual individuals. The present study examined whether differences in alcohol use or alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms across the spectrum of sexual orientations could be explained by drinking motives (i.e., enhancement, social, coping and conformity motives).

Method: A non-self-selective sample of non-abstinent, young Swiss men (N = 5,139; mean age = 25.4, SD = 1.25) completed a self-reporting questionnaire on sexual orientation (on a five-point attraction scale: heterosexual, mostly-heterosexual, bisexual, mostly-homosexual, homosexual), drinking motives, alcohol use indicators (e.g., heavy episodic drinking, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption [AUDIT-C]), and AUD symptoms. Structural equation modeling was used to test whether drinking motives mediated the associations between dummy-coded sexual orientation (with heterosexual men as the reference) and alcohol use indicators or AUD symptoms.

Results: Mostly-heterosexual men exhibited higher scores on alcohol use indicators than heterosexual men, with almost full mediation through their drinking motives, specifically higher enhancement motives. They also reported more AUD symptoms, partially mediated through drinking motives, with comparable contributions from enhancement and coping motives. Homosexual men, however, displayed similar or lower scores for alcohol use indicators and AUD symptoms than heterosexual men, but these differences were not mediated by drinking motives. Indeed, homosexual men exhibited greater coping motives than heterosexual men. No significant results or discernible patterns emerged for bisexual or mostly-homosexual men.

Discussion: These findings highlight the importance of considering the full spectrum of sexual orientations in healthcare and of broadening the focus on drinking motives beyond coping. Understanding the varied motives for alcohol use across the spectrum of sexual orientations facilitates tailored prevention strategies.

Introduction: This study aimed to conduct a cross-cultural validation of the Life Skills Scale for Sport-Transfer Scale (LSSS-TS) among Chinese college students and examine its psychometric properties.

Methods: The study was conducted in three phases. In the first phase, four translation experts and five academic researchers collaborated to develop the Chinese version of the scale (C-LSSS-TS). Expert evaluations and feedback from 25 participants engaged in sports activities provided preliminary evidence for the scale's construct validity. In the second phase, 409 participants were recruited, and factor analysis was performed to validate the structural dimensions of the scale. In the third phase, 168 participants completed both the C-LSSS-TS and a standard Life Skills Scale to examine the external construct validity.

Results: The results demonstrated significant positive correlations between the subscales of sports transferable life skills and participants' overall life skills development. These findings provided robust evidence for the structural validity of the C LSSS-TS.

Conclusion: The C-LSSS-TS is a valid and practical tool for assessing life skills development among Chinese college sports participants. It offers researchers and practitioners an effective instrument to promote and evaluate life skills development in college students.

Large language models (LLMs), represented by ChatGPT, are one of the most significant technological breakthroughs in generative AI and have begun to be applied in EFL writing instruction. The advent of LLMs presents both opportunities and challenges for EFL learners, underscoring the importance of empirical evidence on their motivation and acceptance of using LLMs in learning English academic writing. This study recruited 238 participants who had completed one semester of training in using LLMs for business-related English academic writing. Participants answered question items based on the L2 Motivational Self System and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to examine the structural relationships between the variables of motivation, region, previous learning experience, and the UTAUT model. Additionally, the moderating effect of motivation on the relationship between the four UTAUT determinants, behavioral intention, and use behavior was tested. The results show that performance expectancy and social influence significantly affect learners' behavioral intention to use LLMs. Moreover, motivation proved to be a key factor in shaping both behavioral intention and actual use behavior, highlighting its crucial role in the adoption of technology for learning English academic writing.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.836695.].

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between work-life balance and the psychological well-being of metro rail travelers working in the information technology sector. The study also examined occupational stress as a pathway between work-life balance and psychological well-being. The study also investigated the impact of occupational stress and work-life balance on the psychological well-being of metro travelers who work in the information technology sector, modeling lower- and higher-order constructs.

Methods: A quantitative survey method was used, and the data were gathered from information technology employees who frequently travel on Metro Rail to commute to the office and return home when the COVID-19 pandemic peaked in India in 2022. A structured questionnaire was developed, and a link was provided to the IT sector employees visiting almost all the metro stations in Hyderabad, an Indian Metro, to measure 8 reflective constructs. The data were gathered via random sampling, and the questionnaires were randomly distributed to the different IT sector companies. The valid responses of 500 participants were analyzed for structural equation modeling. The eight reflective constructs in the study are occupational stress, the 3 constructs of work-life balance-"work interference with personal life, personal life interference with work and work-personal life enhancement"-and the four constructs of psychological well-being autonomy, self-acceptance, positive relations, and environmental mastery.

Results: The SEM results for the lower-order constructs indicate that the impact of occupational stress on psychological well-being was statistically significant (p < 0.005), as were the two constructs of psychological well-being, environmental mastery, and self-acceptance (p < 0.001; p < 0.05). With respect to the impact of the work-life balance constructs, the impacts of the WIPL, WPLE, and PLIW work-life balance constructs were statistically significant (p < 0.05; p < 0.001, respectively) for all four psychological well-being constructs. Occupational stress partially mediated the relationship between work-life balance and psychological well-being, as both the direct and indirect effects were statistically significant when the higher-order constructs work-life balance and psychological well-being were tested. The direct effects of occupational stress and work-life balance on psychological well-being are statistically significant (p < 0.05, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: The authors suggest framing policies to mitigate occupational stress and enhance the psychological well-being and work-life balance of employees in the information technology sector.

Objective: The objective of this scoping review was to explore, appraise and synthesize the current literature regarding the incidence, factors influencing, and prevention strategies related to suicide risk among nurses.

Methods: An extensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, and Embase from its formation to June 20, 2024, specifically focusing on the suicide-related behaviors of nurses written in Chinese or English. Two researchers independently screened the literature, and disagreements were debated until a consensus was reached. Data extraction was conducted for the studies that were included. The process of data synthesis was carried out using narrative analysis.

Results: The study encompassed 40 papers from 15 different countries. This study found that nurses' suicide ideation ranged from 4.3 to 44.58%, while suicide attempts ranged from 2.9 to 12.6%. Based on the stress-vulnerability model, factors influencing nurses' suicide-related behaviors include vulnerability (personality traits, coping styles), stressors (mental disorders, workplace bullying, etc.) and protective factors (social support, resilience, etc.). The strategies for preventing nurse suicide encompass primary prevention (for all nurses), secondary prevention (for nurses at risk of suicide), and tertiary prevention (for nurses who have attempted suicide).

Conclusion: The suicide rate among nurses exceeds that of the general population. Mental disorders and workplace bullying are significant stressors that contribute to nurse suicide. Suicide-related behaviors among nurses can be effectively prevented and managed through the implementation of the tertiary prevention strategies. Primary prevention is essential in reducing suicide. Cognitive exercises and schedule shifts reasonably are primary preventive measures tailored for nurses. This study addresses the gaps in influencing factors about suicide-related behaviors among nurses and the strategies for preventing suicide, and provides a complete review of the current situation of nurses' suicide-related behaviors, providing references for the safe management of nurses' suicide.

Objective: Stress, anxiety, and birth-related expectations affect the way women experience birth. In this study, we evaluate the German online hypnosis program "The Peaceful Birth" ("Die Friedliche Geburt") to find out if it reduces stress, anxiety, and pain during pregnancy. We randomized pregnant women into a hypnosis and a control group and surveyed them via online questionnaires during their pregnancy and after their birth using standardized questionnaires.

Methods: We included 221 pregnant women and assigned 110 women to a hypnosis and 111 women to a control group. At four measurement points before and after birth, we surveyed all study participants. We used the Perceived Stress Scale to measure stress experiences and the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire to assess childbirth expectations and experiences.

Results: We show that stress was significantly reduced in the hypnosis group before and after birth compared to the control group (p = 0.019) and childbirth expectations were significantly more positive compared to the control group after starting the hypnosis online course (p = 0.002). Subjective health ratings in the hypnosis group improved significantly compared to the control group before childbirth (p = 0.002). Furthermore, women in the hypnosis group described childbirth experience as significantly more positive concerning fear (p = 0.007), loneliness (p = 0.025), and self-efficacy (p = 0.047) compared to the control group. We show that the improvement of childbirth experience is causally related to more positive childbirth expectations. However, we found no significant group differences in the experience of pain (p = 0.08).

Conclusion: Pregnant women preparing for birth with the hypnosis online course "The Peaceful Birth" showed significantly improved birth preparation showing lower stress, more positive birth expectation and experience compared to a control group. The hypnosis online course is therefore an efficient low-threshold method to enhance healthcare for expectant mothers.

This paper aims to re-examine the problem of the emergence of present-day languages from the specific perspective of the self-domestication account of human evolution. According to this view, our species went through an evolutionary process that parallels the changes experienced by domesticated mammals. Relying on evidence of diverse kind (from paleogenetic to clinical), the paper argues that our self-domestication might have potentiated the cognitive and behavioral features of the human phenotype with an impact on language acquisition and use. Specifically, it might have facilitated the creation of the cultural niche that favors the complexification of languages via a cultural mechanism. The paper further proposes a model of language complexification in the past under the effects of human self-domestication, including the complexification of the structural aspects of language (grammar, prosody, and semantics) and the potentiation of its functional properties (pragmatics). The paper concludes with some suggestions for any future research aimed to test and improve this view.

Introduction: The evolution of healthcare continues to display an incongruence between delivery and outcomes. Current healthcare paradigms for patient empowerment warrants analysis. A lacking operational application for and agree upon assessment of patient empowerment contributes to healthcare's incongruence. Interchangeable psychosocial concepts and specific patient contextual factors associated with health-related behavioral change have escaped an applicable definition of empowerment. The aim of this theoretical perspective review is to support a comprehensive and contextual understanding of patient empowerment that frames a definition for future consensus research.

Methods and mechanisms: A theoretical perspective review of patient empowerment including interchangeable concepts and patient contextual factors such as personal suffering and resilience; self-determined meaning and purpose; and autonomy, competence, and self-efficacy are critically analyzed. This analysis builds on adjacent concepts including therapeutic alliance, communication, motivation, and trust. The inclusion of specific patient contextual factors that relate to behavioral change elevate the need to reinforce coping and self-management skills as mechanism for patient empowerment. Practice gaps for those experiencing chronic disease, pain, and mental health disorders in rehabilitation setting are specific populations who benefit from healthcare providers unifying the variables associated with patient empowerment.

Results and discussion: The review of associated concepts synthesized an actionable definition of patient empowerment that serves as a foundation for future research. Behavior related changes occur through the evolution in one's identity, perceptions, and abilities. Interventions that inspire autonomy, competence, and relatedness with a renewed sense of purpose establish resilience and self-efficacy. The totality of this inspired self-determined plan of care establishes the mechanisms required for behavioral change and sustainable transformation. The cumulative experience becomes patient empowerment.

Introduction: Psychosocial distress and mental health problems are common in patients before and after solid organ transplantation and can negatively affect morbidity, mortality, and adherence. Even though regular screening is recommended to identify patients with high levels of distress, the implementation in routine care has been insufficient so far.

Methods: Two newly developed problem lists for patients before and after transplantations were pilot implemented for 8 weeks at the Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf (UKE) to identify factors facilitating and impeding their implementation.

Results: Health care professionals evaluated its appropriateness, feasibility, and the cooperation with the psychologists before (HCPs: n = 23) and after (HCPs: n = 19) the implementation. Four psychologists assessed the appropriateness and feasibility by answering to open-ended and close-ended questions. Additionally, patients before (n = 8) and after (n = 100) transplantation filled out the screening and rated its acceptance. Only the data of the patients after transplantation were analyzed due to the small sample size of patients before transplantation. HCPs and psychologists rated the screenings as very appropriate [HCPs: M = 3.84 (SD = 0.77) to M = 4.32 (SD = 0.58)]. It was also highly accepted among patients [M = 4.23 (SD = 0.85) to M = 4.68 (SD = 0.65)]. Contentment with the psychological support and understanding of the mental health problems among HCPs increased significantly from before to after the implementation (U = 107.50, p < 0.05, r = 0.33; U = 107.00, p < 0.05, r = 0.34). The feasibility of the problem list post-Tx in routine care, however, was seen as challenging [HCPs: M = 3.11 (SD = 1.05) to M = 3.47 (SD = 1.07)].

Discussion: The distress screening was accepted and improved the cooperation between different professions. Barriers to implementation can be lack of staff and resources. Future studies should assess the adoption and sustainability of the screening in routine care.