Frontiers in Psychology最新文献

Background: Integrating mindfulness practices and Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) into teacher education can significantly enhance educators' wellbeing, resilience, and effectiveness. However, the cultural specificity of such interventions, particularly in the Chinese educational context, requires careful adaptation and examination.

Objective: This study aims to design, implement, and evaluate a culturally adapted MBSEL curriculum for Chinese pre-service teachers. It investigates the program's effectiveness in improving mindfulness, self-compassion, and life satisfaction, contributing to the literature on integrating mindfulness and SEL in teacher education within a specific cultural setting.

Methods: Employing a quasi-experimental design, the study involved a sample of 41 Chinese pre-service teachers divided into an experimental group (n = 22) and a control group (n = 19). The MBSEL program's impact on participants' mindfulness, self-compassion, and life satisfaction was assessed using pre- and post-intervention measures.

Results: The results of repeated measures analyses of variance indicated significant improvements in mindfulness, self-compassion, and life satisfaction among participants in the experimental group compared to the control group. These outcomes underscore the effectiveness of the culturally adapted MBSEL program in enhancing key aspects of pre-service teachers' wellbeing and professional readiness.

Discussion: The study demonstrates that a culturally adapted MBSEL curriculum effectively enhances mindfulness, self-compassion, and life satisfaction among Chinese pre-service teachers. This emphasizes the necessity of cultural sensitivity in developing mindfulness and SEL interventions for teacher education. Moreover, the success of the MBSEL program suggests its potential for global integration, urging policymakers and educators to prioritize culturally tailored approaches to enhance teacher wellbeing and educational outcomes.

Parents' social comparison is a common phenomenon that occurs in China. It refers to the behavior of parents imagining other people's children as an excellent role model without shortcomings and comparing their own children with them. This behavior may affect their child's mood. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of parents' social comparison on adolescents' self-esteem through the mediating role of upward social comparison, and to explore the moderating role of optimism in upward social comparison and self-esteem. Parents' social comparison questionnaire, upward social comparison questionnaire, self-esteem questionnaire and life orientation questionnaire were distributed through online questionnaires, and 576 valid questionnaires were received. The results of the study found that upward social comparison plays a partial mediating role in the negative impact of parents' social comparison on self-esteem, and optimism plays a moderating role in the impact of upward social comparison on self-esteem. This study illustrates the harmful effects of parents' social comparison on adolescent mental health, but this harm can be mitigated through the teaching of optimism. This study shows that parents' social comparison is not advisable, and attention should be paid to maintaining the optimistic attitude of teenagers to ensure their healthy growth.

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is an increasingly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder. However, the number of children who exhibit subthreshold levels of ASD symptoms, significant enough to experience functional and adaptive difficulties, is also substantial. These children require early interventions, similar to those diagnosed with ASD, due to their exhibited adaptive and behavioral challenges. PCIT offers a unique opportunity for children and their parents exhibiting subthreshold ASD to address such challenges through its practices and techniques.

Aim: This study aims to assess the initial result effectiveness of standard PCIT on the adaptive skills and school refusal behaviors of children exhibiting subthreshold ASD, as well as on the levels of parental stress and caregiving burden. The study intends to test these effects and report the outcomes.

Method: This study is a case study, and it involves three children with subthreshold ASD symptoms and their parents. The therapy processes were conducted for approximately 1 year.

Result: Results obtained from this study revealed that PCIT holds promising prospects for improving adaptive and interaction skills, reducing school refusal, and alleviating parental stress and caregiving burden among children exhibiting subthreshold ASD.

Discussion: PCIT is considered a functional approach for children and parents demonstrating subthreshold ASD symptoms, besides interventions addressing diagnosed ASD children. It is suggested that future studies should evaluate the effectiveness and sustainability of PCIT through randomized controlled trials in the context of subthreshold ASD.

Introduction: Nostalgia is a complex emotional experience involving fond memories of the past and mild sadness, characterized by positive emotions associated with reflecting on previous events. It can awaken emotional memories of loved ones or significant events, contributing to an increase in positive emotions. An unresolved question regarding nostalgia is whether different channels of nostalgia input exhibit distinct mechanisms.

Methods: This study examined the emotional and neural effects of nostalgia using various sensory channels through behavioral experiments and electroencephalography (EEG) measurements conducted with college students in China. Participants' emotions were elicited using nostalgic and non-nostalgic stimuli presented through three different sensory channels: auditory (sound only), visual (e.g., still images or synchronized lyrics related to music), and audiovisual (a combination of sound and visual elements, such as music videos).

Results: The results demonstrated that nostalgic stimuli elicited significantly higher levels of emotional arousal, pleasure, nostalgia, and dominance compared to non-nostalgic stimuli. At the neural level, nostalgic stimuli enhanced the connection strength, global and local efficiency, and diminished eigenpath length of brain networks in the alpha and gamma bands. Additionally, nostalgia through the auditory channel induced higher activity intensity in the theta and gamma bands and increased brainwave amplitudes in the alpha bands. The audiovisual channel was capable of triggering stronger alpha-wave responses than the visual channel alone.

Discussion: These findings suggest that nostalgia effectively triggers positive emotional states and enhances cognitive processing. The audiovisual channel, in particular, showed advantages in eliciting alpha-wave responses. Further research is needed to explore the potential of nostalgia as an adjunctive therapeutic tool.

Introduction: Notwithstanding the fact that extensive studies focused on exploring generic structures in established disciplines, scant attention has been directed to macrostructures and rhetorical moves in RAs in some emerging disciplines.

Methods: Based on a self-compiled corpus of 50 research articles (RAs) from five top ranking journals in the field of Nanotechnology, we explored the macrostructures and rhetorical moves in RAs in Nanotechnology.

Results: It was found that (i) scientists in Nanotechnology have a propensity to employ a merged [R&D] structure to immediately discuss and contribute new knowledge tentatively in the specific contextualised situation after research results were presented, (ii) Even though RAs in Nanotechnology largely follows IMRD structure by abiding writing conventions in the research world, disciplinary variations were found regarding the rhetorical structures, specifically, scientists in Nanotechnology tend to employ more moves and steps in establishing research niche, detailed description of research methods, suggesting future research, but less moves and steps related to promotional strategies (M3S4, M3S5, M3S6).

Discussion: The research results have significant implications for English for Academic Purposes (EAP) instructors to make informed choices by using disciplinary empirical-based decisions to guide novice writers and students at tertiary level to write RAs by following disciplinary conventions of research communities in Nanotechnology so as to avoid overgeneralization.

Introduction: Teaching English pronunciation in an English as a Second Language (ESL) context involves tailored strategies to help learners accurately produce sounds, intonation, and rhythm.

Methods: This study presents an innovative method utilizing advanced technology and algorithms to enhance pronunciation accuracy, fluency, and completeness. The approach employs multi-sensor detection methods for precise data collection, preprocessing techniques such as pre-emphasis, normalization, framing, windowing, and endpoint detection to ensure high-quality speech signals. Feature extraction focuses on key attributes of pronunciation, which are then fused through a feedback neural network for comprehensive evaluation. The experiment involved 100 college students, including 50 male and 50 female students, to test their English pronunciation.

Results: Empirical results demonstrate significant improvements over existing methods. The proposed method achieved a teaching evaluation accuracy of 99.3%, compared to 68.9% and 77.8% for other referenced methods. Additionally, students showed higher levels of fluency, with most achieving a level of 4 or above, whereas traditional methods resulted in lower fluency levels. Spectral feature analysis indicated that the amplitude of speech signals obtained using the proposed method closely matched the original signals, unlike the discrepancies found in previous methods.

Discussion: These findings highlight the effectiveness of the proposed method, showcasing its ability to improve pronunciation accuracy and fluency. The integration of multi-sensor detection and neural network evaluation provides precise results, outperforming traditional approaches.

As a branch of online live broadcasting, the development of game live broadcasting is also getting faster and faster. Based on the theory of affordance-psychological outcome-behavioral (A-P-B), this paper introduces three gamification elements of user activity visibility, user level visibility and purchase effect visibility, and three user-perceived experience values of perceived hedonic value, perceived cognitive value and perceived social value to establish the model. After collecting data through questionnaires, an empirical analysis based on partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was carried out using SPSS and SmartPLS data analysis methods to explore the influencing factors of viewers' re-purchase behaviors in game live broadcasting from the perspective of the visibility of gamification elements. The results of this study show that in game live broadcasting, there is a certain influence between the visibility of gamification elements and the perceived value of users, and that the visibility of user activity, the visibility of purchasing effects, and the visibility of user level all have a significant positive effect on the perceived value of the user experience. This study enriches the literature on the business aspects of game live broadcasting and consumer behavior and has a certain significance in guiding live broadcasting business scenarios to improve the re-purchasing behavior of live broadcast viewers.

The present study examined mother-child spontaneous future talk following memory sharing in three cultural communities. Seventy-one European American, 60 Chinese American, and 58 mainland Chinese mothers and their 3-year-old children discussed two past events at home, one positive and one negative. Chinese and Chinese American mothers and children were more likely than European American mothers and children to spontaneously engage in future talk following memory sharing. After discussing negative past events, Chinese and Chinese American mothers and children were more likely than European American mothers and children to engage in didactic talk that emphasized children's adherence to moral standards, social norms, and behavioral expectations in the future. Conversely, European American mothers were more likely than the two groups of Chinese mothers to engage in autonomous talk that emphasized children's preferences and opinions regarding the future. Findings are discussed in light of the influence of mother-child conversations as a cultural context on the development of mental time travel and a temporally extended self.

Objective: The ability to assess cognitive skills remotely is increasing with the widespread use and availability of smartphones. The Mobile Toolbox (MTB) is a measurement system that includes Sequences, a new measure of working memory designed specifically for smartphones. This study describes the development of Sequences and presents the studies conducted to evaluate its psychometric properties.

Methods: We developed a new measure of working memory that can be self-administered remotely using an iOS or Android smartphone. In Sequences, a series of numbers and letters are shown on the screen one at a time, and the participant must first tap the letters they see in alphabetical order, followed by tapping the numbers in ascending numerical order. The Sequences measure was evaluated for usability and feasibility across two pilot studies and then assessed in this validation study (which included a total sample size of N = 1,246). Psychometric properties of the new measure were evaluated in three studies involving participants aged 18-90 years. In Study 1 (N = 92), participants completed MTB measures in a laboratory setting. They were also administered both an equivalent NIH Toolbox (NIHTB) measure along with external measures of similar constructs. In Study 2 (N = 1,007), participants were administered NIHTB measures in the laboratory and then completed MTB measures remotely on their own devices. In Study 3 (N = 147), participants completed MTB measures twice, remotely on their own devices, with a 2-week interval between sessions.

Results: Sequences exhibited moderately high correlations with a comparable NIHTB test and external measures of a similar construct, while exhibiting a lower correlation with an unrelated test, as hypothesized. Internal consistency was high, but test-retest reliability was moderate. When controlling for age, phone operating system (iOS vs. Android) and sex assigned at birth did not significantly impact performance; however, there was a significant difference between individuals who completed college and those with a high school education or lower.

Conclusion: The results support the validity of Sequences as a measure of working memory for remote self-administered use. The internal consistency was strong, with moderate test-retest reliability that is likely a function of the test's unproctored self-administration method. The findings suggest that Sequences is appropriate for use with adults aged 18-90 years in remote self-administered designs that focus on group results.

What unconscious elements fuel the 'radioactive atmosphere' of psychoanalytic institutions - those unconscious sources of the chronic conflicts that sometimes plague the relationships among members of psychoanalytical societies and obscure the path of a constructive resolution of conflicts, creating a toxic climate that stultifies members' creativity, hindering progress and further development? An empirical research was conducted using the psychoanalytically informed research interview as an experimental situation. The main findings indicates unconscious sibling rivalry as the source of conflict in the psychoanalytic institution studied, along with narcissism of minor differences. The implications for psychoanalytic training are discussed.