Frontiers in Psychology最新文献

Products and artifacts with morally loaded labels (e.g., environmentally friendly) appear to influence people's perceptions and behaviors. Previous studies have shown that desktop lamps labeled "environmentally friendly" can enhance perceived color discrimination and improve certain reading activities compared to a physically identical lamp labeled "conventional." This effect may occur because people tend to align their behavior with moral principles. The present study explored the generalizability and robustness of this label effect by asking participants to make trait judgments of photographed faces. In an experimental design, participants evaluated photos illuminated by a desktop lamp that was either labeled environmentally friendly or not labeled at all. The results revealed that participants assigned more positive traits to individuals in the photographs when the lamp was labeled "environmentally friendly," particularly those with high altruistic values. The pattern was reversed for participants with low altruistic values. Moreover, participants rated the light from the lamp labeled "environmentally friendly" as more comfortable and claimed that the light increased (perceived) visibility. In conclusion, the source of the light-whether from an environmentally friendly or conventional lamp-affects both the evaluation of the light itself and the judgments made about other individuals. This study explores theoretical explanations for these label effects and discusses their potential implications for pro-environmental interventions.

Single-item assessments have recently become popular in various fields, and researchers have developed methods for estimating the reliability of single-item assessments, some based on factor analysis and correction for attenuation, and others using the double monotonicity model, Guttman's λ₆, or the latent class model. However, no empirical study has investigated which method best estimates the reliability of single-item assessments. This study investigated this question using a simulation study. To represent assessments as they are found in practice, the simulation study varied several aspects: the item discrimination parameter, the test length of the multi-item assessment of the same construct, the sample size, and the correlation between the single-item assessment and the multi-item assessment of the same construct. The results suggest that by using the method based on the double monotonicity model and the method based on correction for attenuation simultaneously, researchers can obtain the most precise estimate of the range of reliability of a single-item assessment in 94.44% of cases. The test length of a multi-item assessment of the same construct, the item discrimination parameter, the sample size, and the correlation between the single-item assessment and the multi-item assessment of the same construct did not influence the choice of method choice.

Purpose: To empirically examine associations between parental opposition towards comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) and religiosity.

Methods: A nationally representative survey of Australian parents (N = 2,418) examined opposition towards 40 CSE topics, by parental religiosity and secular/religious school sector.

Results: Whilst opposition to most CSE topics correlated positively with religiosity, even amongst very religious parents, disapproval was minimal (2.8-31.2%; or 9.0-20.2% netted against non-religious parents). Parents with children enrolled in a Catholic school were less likely than secular-school parents to oppose CSE. Those with children at other-faith-schools were more likely to oppose CSE, but again disapproval was minimal (1.2-21.9%; or 1.3-9.4% netted against secular-school parents).

Discussion: Only small minorities of very religious parents and parents with children in religious schools opposed the teaching of various CSE topics. Decision-makers should therefore be cautious about assuming that CSE delivery is not widely supported by particular families.

Introduction: Within the maintenance phase of visual working memory (VWM), previous researchers presented retro-cues orienting to a probed dimension across all multidimension stimuli and found a robust dimension-based retro-cue benefit (RCB): VWM performance for cued dimension was better than no/neutral-cue baseline. This improvement is often attributed to the prioritization of information related to the focused dimension and the removal of information related to the unfocused dimension from VWM. However, it remains unclear whether the removal of the uncued dimension is necessary to observe this dimension-based RCB.

Methods: In the current study, we first manipulated the number of retro-cues to investigate this question. We used colored, oriented bars as stimuli and two sequential retro-cues oriented to different dimensions in the double-cue condition. The last presented cue in each trial was always valid. Therefore, the unfocused dimension in the first cue display was probed in double-cue trials. Experiment 1 adopted change detection tasks and three cue type conditions (no-cue, single-cue, double-cue). Experiment 2 divided the single-cue condition into early- and late- cue conditions, using recall tasks to elevated probe precision. Experiment 3 further added double-neutral and double-same cue types and eliminated the different influences of post-memory masks on each dimension respectively.

Results: Results across these experiments showed a robust pattern of no worse performances for the double-cue condition than for the single-cue condition.

Discussion: Because the dimension-based single cue benefit was observed especially in early-cue trials, we supposed that the dimension-based RCB does not require removing the unfocused dimension from VWM.

Aim: This study aims to explore the physiological effect of forest bathing on stress management.

Methods: A total of 29 volunteers participated in this pre-post design, which lacked a control group. Several physiological parameters were recorded, including heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), electrodermal activity (EDA), blood pressure (BP), immunoglobulin A (IGA), and salivary cortisol (sCort). Additionally, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) was administered before forest exposure. Measurements were taken before and after participants spent 2 days fully immersed in a forest environment. To further assess stress management, participants completed a Mental Arithmetic Task (MAT) before and after forest immersion, during which EDA, HRV, and HR were monitored using an Empatica E4 wristband. Measurements were taken at baseline, during MAT, and afterward (recovery).

Results: Participants exhibited moderate perceived stress levels before forest immersion (mean PSS-10 = 21.22, SD = 3.78). Post-forest exposure, there was a significant decrease in sCort (p < 0.05) and EDA (p < 0.001), while HRV increased (p < 0.001), and diastolic blood pressure rose (p < 0.05). ANOVA results from the MAT showed a significant increase in parasympathetic activity across all conditions post-immersion (p < 0.05), except during recovery, while EDA decreased in all conditions post-forest exposure (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Shinrin-yoku significantly improved stress management at a physiological level and could be a valuable intervention for individuals experiencing stress. However, longitudinal studies with a control group are necessary to determine whether these effects are sustained over time. Nonetheless, this study highlights the potential benefits of forest immersion for stress reduction by enhancing sympathovagal balance and the adaptability of the stress response system.

Objective: The study examines the potential effects of communication processes and media consumption habits on suicide ideation among male and female young adults aged 18-29 who have attempted suicide at least once.

Methods: In-depth interviews were analyzed using MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2024, and thematic analysis was applied according to Braun and Clarke's model.

Results: Four themes emerged: (1) Family-related factors, (2) sociopsychological factors, (3) sociocultural factors, and (4) media-related factors. Regarding family-related factors, most participants come from broken family structures and commonly report issues with family communication and experiences of violence. Regarding sociopsychological factors, anger issues, despair, and addictions among participants were observed to increase suicide tendencies. Regarding sociocultural factors, most participants expressed difficulties in conforming to society and feeling pressures from cultural or religious expectations. Regarding media-related factors, it was noted that a vast majority of participants spend long hours consuming media daily and frequently interact with content that leads them into adverse emotional states, primarily for time passing on social media platforms.

Discussion: This research not only reinforces information in the literature but also presents unique findings compared to similar studies, particularly in cultural and geographical contexts. The results uniquely highlight the diversity in perceptions of the relationship between religion and suicide. While literature generally notes religion as a deterrent to suicide, this study reveals that intense religious pressure could increase suicidal tendencies through effects like rejection and hatred of religious values. Media also plays a reinforcing role in this context.

Conclusion: In conclusion, this study elucidates the complex interactions underlying suicide attempts among young adults and provides a solid foundation for policies and interventions aimed at better managing media interactions, which play a critical role in suicide prevention efforts.

Perceived COVID-19 crisis strength has been associated with teachers' emotional labor, but little is known about the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this association. This study aimed to explore whether interpersonal stress would mediate the relationship between perceived COVID-19 crisis strength and emotional labor, and whether gender would moderate the indirect pathway between perceived COVID-19 crisis strength and interpersonal stress. Participants were 889 primary-and secondary-school teachers from Guangxi, China, selected using convenient sampling method. They completed measurements regarding emotional labor, interpersonal stress, and perceived COVID-19 crisis strength. Results showed that perceived COVID-19 crisis strength was negatively associated with deep acting but not surface acting, and this association was fully mediated by interpersonal stress. Moreover, the indirect relationship between perceived COVID-19 crisis strength and interpersonal stress was moderated by gender, with the indirect relationship being stronger for male teachers than for female teachers. This study illuminates the psychological mechanisms underlying the association between perceived COVID-19 crisis strength and emotional labor, enriching our understanding of this association and gender differences among primary and secondary school teachers.

Introduction: In order to improve and innovate the face-to-face instructional task in postgraduate and doctoral university teaching encompasses different formats of participatory interaction (PI), considered to be social medium facilitators of deep learning, including the development of autonomous expert activity. The purpose of this article is to establish the use of systematic observation and lag sequential analysis as a conceptual-methodological choice to base the review of social-constructivist instructional practice that is taught in an expository format prepared by the teacher.

Method: The systematic observation of the expert's expository session from its inception to its conclusion was approached from a mixed methods perspective as a subject of multiple case studies. A total of four postgraduate teachers were selected. A purpose-built observational instrument was constructed. The data quality was evaluated with intra-observer agreement tests by calculating Cohen's kappa coefficient (k). After the data matrices for each case were obtained, all possible file aggregations of the data were performed to detect the existence of common structures in the patterns through lag sequential analysis.

Results: The sequential patterns of replicated and common lags of the multiple cases describe the chaining of the observed events, which characterizes the participatory interaction. Twelve lag sequential patterns have been identified that function as dialogical links, generated by the probability that the category "question" is linked to the conditioned events of "speech direction" and "exchange orientation."

Discussion: Having constructed a theoretical interpretative scheme of the replicated patterns, we discuss the results. First, the significant results of the lag sequential analysis as examples of basic patterns extracted from their way of conducting expert expository sessions. As such, they can be reviewed with the formative purpose of reflecting on their potential for change when they are understood as dialogical links of participatory interaction committed to deep learning and the development of expert autonomy. Second, there is a training step consisting of the use of self-observation and the observation that teachers can make of the expert expository task. Finally, we conclude that non-intrusive systematic observation is a good choice when channeling the gradual and renewed improvement of participatory interaction with an expert expository format (§EF) and a mixed methods methodology.

Objectives: With the rapid growth of China's sprint program's international competitiveness, the psychological problems of sprinters have become a common concern in sports training theory and practice. Hence, the study examined the impact of a 7-week Mindfulness training program on competition state anxiety in Chinese sprinters.

Methods: Twenty-four sprinters (M_age = 22.46 ± 1.351) were selected in a 2 × 3 mixed design, with the group (mindfulness/control) as the between-subjects variable and test time (pre-test/mid-test/post-test) as the within-subjects variable. The dependent variables corresponded to the mindfulness score and competition state anxiety score. One 60-min session was conducted once a week for 7 weeks, and the control group did not undergo any psychological training. The mindfulness group received mindfulness training, and the control group received regular psychological guidance. The subjects filled in the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and the Competition State Anxiety Scale at baseline, followed by additional assessments 3 weeks and 7 weeks later.

Results: (1) In terms of competition state anxiety, there were no significant differences in the pre-test between the mindfulness group and the control group. There were significant differences in sprinters' competition state anxiety after mindfulness intervention in terms of time, group, and the interaction between time and groups (p = 0.03, 0.004, and 0.009). (2) In terms of the mindfulness level, the difference between the mindfulness group and the control group was not significant in the pre-test. The sprinters' mindfulness level was significant in the interaction between groups and that between groups and time after mindfulness intervention (p = 0.027 and 0.028).

Conclusion: Mindfulness training alleviated sprinters' competition anxiety by reducing sprinters' somatic state anxiety (SSA) and cognitive state anxiety (CSA), as well as improving state self-efficacy. The results provide guidance and references for Chinese sprinters' psychological problems.