Frontiers in Psychology最新文献

Can artificial systems act? In the literature we find two camps: sceptics and believers. But the issue of whether artificial systems can act and, if so, how, has not been systematically discussed. This is a foundational question for the philosophy of AI. I sketch a methodological approach to investigating the agency of artificial systems from architectural and behavioural perspectives.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology has historically been considered a psychic ailment that is part of a mental disorder. However, it has often been proposed that it could play an adaptive role, in that it would prevent individuals from being exposed to content or situations that they would not be prepared to process. Within the literature on emotional regulation (ER), PTSD symptomatology has commonly been linked to the concept of emotional dysregulation (ED). However, some definitions open the possibility that traumatic symptomatology could be considered ER, from which delicate conclusions would follow. To resolve this dilemma, we turn to interdisciplinary dialogue, specifically with the aid of Thomistic anthropology, whose concepts allow us to understand precisely the relationship between voluntary and involuntary processes and the close relationship between the concepts of reason and regulation. Even though part of the PTSD symptomatology involves psychic mechanisms aimed at modifying emotional states, it is concluded that it is necessary to continue conceptualizing it as ED. The theoretical and practical implications of this discussion are reviewed.

Background: Neuro-disabilities involve impairments of the nervous system, affecting brain development and functioning. Due to limited scientific data on neuro-disabilities in Tanzania, this study examines maternal characteristics in high-risk areas, such as the Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor (SAGCOT).

Methods: This cross-sectional study sampled 286 children aged 0-5 years and their mothers in the SAGCOT region. Each mother selected the youngest child within the specified age range. Multi-stage sampling was used to choose clusters and areas for the study. The Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool (M-DAT) was used to assess the children's developmental levels. Descriptive analysis determined distribution patterns, while multivariate analyses were performed to identify significant factors. Modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors estimated prevalence ratios (PRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results: The study included 286 mother-child pairs from four clusters: Ihemi, Kilombero, Ludewa, and Mbarali. The children's median age was 24 months, with the majority aged between 13 and 48 months. Boys constituted a slight majority (59.4%). The majority of mothers were married (72.4%), had primary education (56.6%), and were engaged in non-farming occupations (56.3%). Neurodevelopmental assessments revealed that 11.2% of children were fully developed, while 88.8% exhibited development delays. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with 95% confidence intervals identified significant associations between developmental domains and demographic variables such as age, gender, marital status, and maternal occupation.

Conclusion: The study highlights a high prevalence of neuro-disability among children in Tanzania's southern corridor, revealing disparities across regions and the impact of factors such as gender and marital status. Targeted interventions are essential to address these developmental challenges effectively and promote optimal child development and wellbeing.

Given the dynamic and contextual nature of foreign language learning anxiety (FLLA) and its impact on language acquisition, this study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the factors and mechanisms that underlie FLLA. Utilizing Nvivo 12 and grounded theory, the study conducts a coding analysis of interview data from tertiary students from 16 higher institutions in China, and reflection journals from two classes at a vocational college in China. The analysis identifies two core categories of anxiety: external sociocultural factors and internal self-regulation issues. The study constructs a model which indicates that external factors, such as maladaptation to the academic transition, disconnection between high school and university curricula, and intense academic competition, directly contribute to this anxiety. Intense academic competition raises students' self-expectations, exacerbates time management difficulties, and further intensifies their anxiety. Additionally, a vicious cycle develops between students' foreign language learning anxiety and their internal motivation and self-efficacy. To alleviate this anxiety, the study proposes teaching strategies to foster positive emotions, including enhancing self-regulation, instilling a growth mindset, promoting flow experiences, cultivating a positive self-concept, and creating a supportive classroom atmosphere. Future research should adopt a dynamic complexity theory perspective to explore trends in anxiety and its relationships with other affective factors, with the goal of developing more effective interventions.

Knowledge Society 5.0 and Industry 5.0 require workers with adaptable employability skills and who engage in innovative work behavior that help companies to create innovative products and processes that are difficult for competitors to imitate. Extant research examines employability, and innovative work behavior, but there are still few articles that include digital literacy in their study. In fact, digital literacy is closely related to human resources in the new workforce whose daily activities are closely related to digital technology. Through bibliometric analysis and a systematic literature review of the interplay among digital literacy, employability, and innovative work behavior we synthesize research trends, measurements, theoretical frameworks, and conceptual models on these topics. In addition, some contextual considerations will be utilized to ensure accurate data interpretation. Findings suggest that there is no generic measure of digital literacy, especially in business contexts, that links this concept to either employability or innovative work behavior. Digital literacy is particularly important to increase employability and stimulate both innovative behavior and performance. Future research should explore these topics using various methodologies and theoretical frameworks, combining them with multiple perceptions across workers and countries, especially considering the pace of technological development.

Objectives: This study compares hospitals using a pharmacy robotic dispensing system (RPDS) with those using manual dispensing systems regarding burnout and depression among pharmacists in Emirates Health Services (EHS) hospitals. Furthermore, this study aims to bridge the gap in the literature concerning the relationship between burnout and the technology acceptance model (TAM).

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine whether burnout and TAM differed between hospitals with RPDS and those with manual dispensing system. The study was carried out in ten hospitals governed by the EHS.

Results: A total of 256 respondents completed the survey. Burnout and depression levels among pharmacists working with RPDS did not differ significantly from those using manual dispensing systems. However, the median of personal burnout levels in female pharmacists (Mdn = 50) differed significantly from those using manual dispensing systems (Mdn = 25; U = 3497.5, z = -7.8, p < 0.001, r = -0.49). In contrast, male pharmacists exhibited higher levels of technology acceptance (U = 11,357, z = 5.58, p < 0.001, r = 0.35; U = 10,391, z = 4.0, p < 0.001, r = 0.25).

Conclusion: This study explored the differences in burnout, depression levels, and TAM among employees working in public hospitals in the United Arab of Emirates. Overall, automation had both positive and negative effects on workplace stressors experienced by pharmacy staff.

Background: Perceived pain intensity is an important determinant of health-related quality of life. A lack of studies has investigated the co-influences of physical and psychosocial risk factors on perceived pain intensity and the shifts in effects after pandemic. As a post-COVID symptom, it is important to re-assess the risk factors for post-COVID heath care.

Methods: Four dimensions of physical/psychosocial risk factors were assessed: medical history, personal wellbeing and psychological distress, lifestyle, and socio-demographic characteristics. We first identified subgroups with significant increase in perceived pain intensity after pandemic by a comparison with the baseline group (all participants). Based on the variables associated with a severe increase in pain score (NRS), multivariate regression models were applied to identify risk factors on perceived pain intensity.

Results: Among 3,237 urban individuals in Hong Kong, 20.95 and 30.58% were with severe pain (NRS > = 4) before and after pandemic. Participants with respiratory disease had the most significant increase in perceived pain intensity (increase in NRS: 1.29 [0.65, 1.93]), seconded by those with known psychiatric diseases and living with special needs. After pandemic, insomnia, known psychiatric diseases, female, and low household income remained as significant risk factors, and insomnia remained as the most significant (estimate: 1.018 [CI: 0.814, 1.221]). The effect sizes of these factors were increased after pandemic. Respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, and low education (secondary school or below) were additional risk factors.

Conclusion: It is necessary to develop up-to-date interventions targeting vulnerable populations, particularly individuals with known psychiatric diseases and insomnia, for pain reduction.

Emotional stimuli are preferentially processed in the visual system, in particular, fearful faces. Evidence comes from unimodal studies with emotional faces, although real-life emotional encounters typically involve input from multiple sensory channels, such as a face paired with a voice. Therefore, in this study, we investigated how emotional voices influence preferential processing of co-occurring emotional faces. To investigate early visual processing, we used the breaking continuous flash suppression paradigm (b-CFS): We presented fearful, happy, or neutral faces to one eye, which were initially inaccessible to conscious awareness due to the predominant perception of a dynamic mask presented to the other eye. Faces were presented either unimodally or paired with non-linguistic vocalizations (fearful, happy, neutral). Thirty-six healthy participants were asked to respond as soon as the faces reached conscious awareness. We replicated earlier findings that fearful faces broke suppression faster overall, supporting a threat bias. Moreover, all faces broke suppression faster when paired with voices. Interestingly, faces paired with neutral and happy voices broke suppression the fastest, followed by faces with fearful voices. Thus, in addition to supporting a threat bias in unimodally presented fearful faces, we found evidence for crossmodal facilitation.

While there is a large body of research on social support in traditional work settings, less is known about how the unique context of long-term isolation and confinement affects perceived social support. The purpose of our research was to examine how perceptions of social support change over time, how they differ by source (i.e., public, organization, family/friends/colleagues, and other crewmembers), and the relationship between social support and stress. We collected data from 64 crewmembers in five spaceflight analog campaigns with restricted communication with outside sources. Results suggested that perceived social support declined over time for all sources, with declines more pronounced for external sources (public, organization, family/friends/colleagues) than for perceived support from other crewmembers. While perceived overall social support was unrelated to stress over time, social support from crewmembers was related to the stress levels reported by crewmembers in the evening. Our results are important as they: (a) empirically document the decline in perceived social support over time in extended isolation; (b) provide evidence for the critical importance of the role of fellow crewmembers in being able to provide social support in conditions of extended isolation and communication delay; and (c) underscore the need to more fully understand the dynamics between the crew and external sources of social support (public, organization, family/friends/colleagues) as well as how those relationships may be best supported for individuals who live and work in long-term isolation and confinement.