Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.34257/gjsfravol23is5pg31
J. E. Brandenburg
Based on a large scale synthesis of data, Mars can be understood to be a planet with a flourishing, Gaia-type, biosphere in the past, where life modified its environment from an early epoch so that it became the home of a massive Earth-like biosphere, before an anomalous mass extinction event, reduced it to its present state with only a weak, residual biosphere. Such a possibility is strongly suggested by circumstantial evidence gathered form a variety of sources. The Mars cratering rate, is shown to be much higher than Lunar leading to the average surface age in the Northern Hemisphere to be approximately1/2 billion years or less. This is proven by the average age of younger Mars meteorites, the Nakhlites and Shergottites, of less than 1 Billion years. The young surface ages make signs of liquid water on Mars more recent and indicate that the liquid water epoch on Mars lasted for most of Mars geologic history. This requires a high pressure CO2greenhouse in the presence of large amounts of ferrous silicates, requiring, in turn, a high oxygen level atmosphere to provide geochemical stability. This results in a red Mars due to large amounts of Hematite in the soil and few carbonates. This oxygenated atmosphere, in turn, requires massive photosynthesis, as occurs on Earth, since UV photolysis of water is self-limiting whereas photosynthesis is self-amplifying by formation of an ozone layer to protect plant life. Mars thus became very Earthlike in environment, with a mixed CO2and CH4greenhouse produced by a high pressure oxygen rich atmosphere, until some cataclysm ended all but a present residual biosphere.
{"title":"The New Mars Synthesis: Circumstantial Evidence of a Past Persistent Gaia on the Red Planet","authors":"J. E. Brandenburg","doi":"10.34257/gjsfravol23is5pg31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34257/gjsfravol23is5pg31","url":null,"abstract":"Based on a large scale synthesis of data, Mars can be understood to be a planet with a flourishing, Gaia-type, biosphere in the past, where life modified its environment from an early epoch so that it became the home of a massive Earth-like biosphere, before an anomalous mass extinction event, reduced it to its present state with only a weak, residual biosphere. Such a possibility is strongly suggested by circumstantial evidence gathered form a variety of sources. The Mars cratering rate, is shown to be much higher than Lunar leading to the average surface age in the Northern Hemisphere to be approximately1/2 billion years or less. This is proven by the average age of younger Mars meteorites, the Nakhlites and Shergottites, of less than 1 Billion years. The young surface ages make signs of liquid water on Mars more recent and indicate that the liquid water epoch on Mars lasted for most of Mars geologic history. This requires a high pressure CO2greenhouse in the presence of large amounts of ferrous silicates, requiring, in turn, a high oxygen level atmosphere to provide geochemical stability. This results in a red Mars due to large amounts of Hematite in the soil and few carbonates. This oxygenated atmosphere, in turn, requires massive photosynthesis, as occurs on Earth, since UV photolysis of water is self-limiting whereas photosynthesis is self-amplifying by formation of an ozone layer to protect plant life. Mars thus became very Earthlike in environment, with a mixed CO2and CH4greenhouse produced by a high pressure oxygen rich atmosphere, until some cataclysm ended all but a present residual biosphere.","PeriodicalId":12547,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Science Frontier Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83467260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.34257/gjsfravol23is5pg71
Shuxia Zhao
It is the first time for us to observe the quantum world with the plasma theory. Mean-while, many new concepts, such as the discrete quantum, precise quantum and the non-linear quantum, etc., and new horizons, i.e., cutting off the connection of interaction, or equivalently introducing destructive disturbance, are supposed into the quantum mechanics at the first. The normal and pseudo-oscillator models are introduced and used to explain the wave and particle duality of quantum field. By adding such new content, it is hoped that people can understand the physics behind the quantum mechanics, rather than recognizing it with the pure mathematic knowledge. It is suggested that the quantum world is better to consider the influence of outside environment, and then the quantum mechanics is turned into the quantum dynamics. The establishment of quantum dynamics is helpful for people better understand and hence utilize the quantum mechanics, such as the quantum optics, quantum communication and quantum computer, etc.
{"title":"Thinking about the Wave-Particle Duality with Plasma Theory and Explaining it based on the Oscillator and Qseudo-Oscillator Models","authors":"Shuxia Zhao","doi":"10.34257/gjsfravol23is5pg71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34257/gjsfravol23is5pg71","url":null,"abstract":"It is the first time for us to observe the quantum world with the plasma theory. Mean-while, many new concepts, such as the discrete quantum, precise quantum and the non-linear quantum, etc., and new horizons, i.e., cutting off the connection of interaction, or equivalently introducing destructive disturbance, are supposed into the quantum mechanics at the first. The normal and pseudo-oscillator models are introduced and used to explain the wave and particle duality of quantum field. By adding such new content, it is hoped that people can understand the physics behind the quantum mechanics, rather than recognizing it with the pure mathematic knowledge. It is suggested that the quantum world is better to consider the influence of outside environment, and then the quantum mechanics is turned into the quantum dynamics. The establishment of quantum dynamics is helpful for people better understand and hence utilize the quantum mechanics, such as the quantum optics, quantum communication and quantum computer, etc.","PeriodicalId":12547,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Science Frontier Research","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80616510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.34257/gjsfravol23is5pg45
J. E. Brandenburg
It had been proposed that the parent body for the CI carbonaceous was the planet Mars. New data strongly supports this hypothesis. The recovery of CI-like material from the asteroid Ryugu, which orbits near Mars has confirmed the importance of CI material as a source of water for the terrestrial planets. The oxygen isotope makeup of the CI is now seen to overlap the distribution of data from the aqueously altered portions of recognized MMs (Mars Meteorites).The CI consist of completely aqueous altered ferro-magnesian silicates, carbonates and sulfates. The physical conditions that produced these materials match conditions on Early Mars, as inferred from portions of recognized ancient Mars meteorites ALH84001and NWA 7533. Noble and Nitrogen gas isotopes match early Mars atmosphere, especially in N, Kr, Xe, and Ar isotopes with a Mars early atmosphere being composed of Chondritic Xe and Kr. The CI, despite early aqueous alteration, appear to have been, like Chassigny, preserved in a hot dry environment and have preserved entrapped Early Mars atmosphere. The CI can thus be considered to be aqueously altered remnants of a late accretion veneer that largely experienced no melt processing. Portions of this lithology have been thermally altered and formed the CY group. This Mars -CI hypothesis can be tested by chronologies of thermal alteration of the CYs .The CI are rich in organic matter, indicating that Early Mars was warm, wet, and rich in the chemical precursors of life and therefore emulated conditions that fostered life on Early Earth.
{"title":"The Mars as the Parent Body of CI Carbonaceous Chondrites Hypothesis Re-Examined in the Light of New Data","authors":"J. E. Brandenburg","doi":"10.34257/gjsfravol23is5pg45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34257/gjsfravol23is5pg45","url":null,"abstract":"It had been proposed that the parent body for the CI carbonaceous was the planet Mars. New data strongly supports this hypothesis. The recovery of CI-like material from the asteroid Ryugu, which orbits near Mars has confirmed the importance of CI material as a source of water for the terrestrial planets. The oxygen isotope makeup of the CI is now seen to overlap the distribution of data from the aqueously altered portions of recognized MMs (Mars Meteorites).The CI consist of completely aqueous altered ferro-magnesian silicates, carbonates and sulfates. The physical conditions that produced these materials match conditions on Early Mars, as inferred from portions of recognized ancient Mars meteorites ALH84001and NWA 7533. Noble and Nitrogen gas isotopes match early Mars atmosphere, especially in N, Kr, Xe, and Ar isotopes with a Mars early atmosphere being composed of Chondritic Xe and Kr. The CI, despite early aqueous alteration, appear to have been, like Chassigny, preserved in a hot dry environment and have preserved entrapped Early Mars atmosphere. The CI can thus be considered to be aqueously altered remnants of a late accretion veneer that largely experienced no melt processing. Portions of this lithology have been thermally altered and formed the CY group. This Mars -CI hypothesis can be tested by chronologies of thermal alteration of the CYs .The CI are rich in organic matter, indicating that Early Mars was warm, wet, and rich in the chemical precursors of life and therefore emulated conditions that fostered life on Early Earth.","PeriodicalId":12547,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Science Frontier Research","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84455868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.34257/gjsfravol23is5pg41
S. Ordin
The general fragmented state of modern Science could not but affect virology, which lost its “upper sense” and duginto numerous scattered experimental data. Therefore, a general analysis of both the description/definition of the virus itself and its position in the interval between Inanimate Nature and LIFE was required. At the same time, in order to build the phenomenology of viruses, it is necessary to take into account the modern provisions of related sciences.
{"title":"Math-Phys-Chem-Virology","authors":"S. Ordin","doi":"10.34257/gjsfravol23is5pg41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34257/gjsfravol23is5pg41","url":null,"abstract":"The general fragmented state of modern Science could not but affect virology, which lost its “upper sense” and duginto numerous scattered experimental data. Therefore, a general analysis of both the description/definition of the virus itself and its position in the interval between Inanimate Nature and LIFE was required. At the same time, in order to build the phenomenology of viruses, it is necessary to take into account the modern provisions of related sciences.","PeriodicalId":12547,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Science Frontier Research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73103856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.34257/gjsfravol23is5pg63
Dubrovskyi I
It i s shown that the foundations of the generally accepted theory contain a number of contradictory and unfounded statements. The geometric properties of the three-dimensional Riemannian space are successively described. It is shown that this space is locally Euclidean. The metric tensor can be algebraically diagonalized. In this case, all diagonal elements are equal to each other and differ from unity by a function of coordinates, which is called the gravitational potential. It is shown that this function is a solution of the differential equation of potential theory. If this solution is such that the potential can be represented by equipotential surfaces, then the trajectory of free motion of a material particle lies on this surface. The trajectory on the surface is a geodesic line determined by the initial conditions. The numerical value of the potential on the surface is included in the definition of the maximum possible speed on this surface, that is, a constant equal to the speed of light in vacuum is multiplied by a value less than one, determined by the value of the potential.
{"title":"To Foundations of General Theory Relativity","authors":"Dubrovskyi I","doi":"10.34257/gjsfravol23is5pg63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34257/gjsfravol23is5pg63","url":null,"abstract":"It i s shown that the foundations of the generally accepted theory contain a number of contradictory and unfounded statements. The geometric properties of the three-dimensional Riemannian space are successively described. It is shown that this space is locally Euclidean. The metric tensor can be algebraically diagonalized. In this case, all diagonal elements are equal to each other and differ from unity by a function of coordinates, which is called the gravitational potential. It is shown that this function is a solution of the differential equation of potential theory. If this solution is such that the potential can be represented by equipotential surfaces, then the trajectory of free motion of a material particle lies on this surface. The trajectory on the surface is a geodesic line determined by the initial conditions. The numerical value of the potential on the surface is included in the definition of the maximum possible speed on this surface, that is, a constant equal to the speed of light in vacuum is multiplied by a value less than one, determined by the value of the potential.","PeriodicalId":12547,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Science Frontier Research","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82560370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-25DOI: 10.34257/gjsfrevol23is1pg39
Daniel Hauer Queiroz Telles, C. Fassina
The Blue Economy is an emerging concept that encourages better stewardship of the ocean and associated resources. Turning it into a global issue poses several challenges to ocean conservation effectiveness especially at Remote Marine Protected Areas (ReMPA). How to implement and manage the ReMPAs is still new to modern society, and the participation criteria in the decision-making processes is undermost in a legitimate perspective. The proposed framework highlights the importance of emerging studies to untangle Oceans territorialization and use(r)s, in order to establish composition parameters for shared and realistic management. The initial application is exemplified by taking two Brazilian ReMPA. The preliminary results seek to support the priorities of Scientific innovative methodological appropriation in Ocean decision-making, as envisioning new baselines of legitimacy for ReMPAS governance. Thus, the two asymmetries found represent baseline challenges towards a framework to be considered as a starting point for ReMPA participative governance guidelines. These asymmetries pose emerging questions about how will these territories be governed since the stakeholder’s composition reflections to be considered in future scholars. The three highlights argue about the questions posted above and point preliminary conclusions.
{"title":"Fostering Governance at Remote Marine Protected Areas in Times of Blue Economy: Baseline for Stakeholders Comeposition","authors":"Daniel Hauer Queiroz Telles, C. Fassina","doi":"10.34257/gjsfrevol23is1pg39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34257/gjsfrevol23is1pg39","url":null,"abstract":"The Blue Economy is an emerging concept that encourages better stewardship of the ocean and associated resources. Turning it into a global issue poses several challenges to ocean conservation effectiveness especially at Remote Marine Protected Areas (ReMPA). How to implement and manage the ReMPAs is still new to modern society, and the participation criteria in the decision-making processes is undermost in a legitimate perspective. The proposed framework highlights the importance of emerging studies to untangle Oceans territorialization and use(r)s, in order to establish composition parameters for shared and realistic management. The initial application is exemplified by taking two Brazilian ReMPA. The preliminary results seek to support the priorities of Scientific innovative methodological appropriation in Ocean decision-making, as envisioning new baselines of legitimacy for ReMPAS governance. Thus, the two asymmetries found represent baseline challenges towards a framework to be considered as a starting point for ReMPA participative governance guidelines. These asymmetries pose emerging questions about how will these territories be governed since the stakeholder’s composition reflections to be considered in future scholars. The three highlights argue about the questions posted above and point preliminary conclusions.","PeriodicalId":12547,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Science Frontier Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87805253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.34257/gjsfrgvol22is2pg113
Muying Zhou
- This article is a summary and review of new insights into Mendel's gene assumption since its rediscovery in 2018. This is a cross-century discovery. The gene assumption told the world that the gene is the element that makes individuals being with parental specifications. The gene is the facilitator rather than the producer. New individuals with parental specifications are produced by the facilitator and its recipient in cooperation. This is conceptually roughly the same as making airplanes with two elements, the drawing and the production line. Thus, the hereditary material should consist of two elements; genetics is dualistic. T.H. Morgan, who founded the theory of the gene and regarded the gene as the producer of individuals, completely misunderstood Mendel, and pulled Mendelian genetics back into the mire of monism. O.T. Avery et al. confirmed that genes are DNA, thereby ushering in the era of the physical verification of the truth of genes. The scientific facts gathered in later 60 years finally prove that any individual, animal or plant (including single-celled organisms), is the product of the transcription of its DNA (genome) by the transcriptase (system) of an egg. In other words, the hereditary material able to give rise to the individuals consists of egg transcriptase (system) and DNA (genome).
{"title":"Cross -Century Discovery: Mendelian Dualistic Genetics","authors":"Muying Zhou","doi":"10.34257/gjsfrgvol22is2pg113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34257/gjsfrgvol22is2pg113","url":null,"abstract":"- This article is a summary and review of new insights into Mendel's gene assumption since its rediscovery in 2018. This is a cross-century discovery. The gene assumption told the world that the gene is the element that makes individuals being with parental specifications. The gene is the facilitator rather than the producer. New individuals with parental specifications are produced by the facilitator and its recipient in cooperation. This is conceptually roughly the same as making airplanes with two elements, the drawing and the production line. Thus, the hereditary material should consist of two elements; genetics is dualistic. T.H. Morgan, who founded the theory of the gene and regarded the gene as the producer of individuals, completely misunderstood Mendel, and pulled Mendelian genetics back into the mire of monism. O.T. Avery et al. confirmed that genes are DNA, thereby ushering in the era of the physical verification of the truth of genes. The scientific facts gathered in later 60 years finally prove that any individual, animal or plant (including single-celled organisms), is the product of the transcription of its DNA (genome) by the transcriptase (system) of an egg. In other words, the hereditary material able to give rise to the individuals consists of egg transcriptase (system) and DNA (genome).","PeriodicalId":12547,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Science Frontier Research","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81185068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.34257/gjsfrivol23is1pg29
Razieh Khaksari, Z. Harun
One of the critical transportation infrastructures is road tunnels and fire safety is one of the important aspects of their operation. Interaction between the fire, tunnel users, traffic, and fire safety measures influences fires in road tunnels. Therefore, a complex model is required to analyse the risk and quantify the consequences. In this paper, a novel quantitative risk analysis model developed for UK road tunnels is presented consisting of a quantitative consequence analysis model and a quantitative frequency frequency analysis model. The proposed quantitative consequence analysis model is provided through three sub-models; queue model, distribution model, and egress model. The frequency analysis is via an event tree that takes into account the tunnel fire rate in UK road tunnels. After a brief description of this model, the proposed method is illustrated through a case study of an urban road tunnel. The effect of different emergency ventilation systems on societal risk and sensitivity of the model to pre-movement time, accident frequencies involving Heavy Good Vehicles (HGVs), tenability threshold temperature, and different burning vehicles were studied in this case study.
{"title":"Design and Implementation of a Quantitative Risk Assessment Model for UK Road Tunnels","authors":"Razieh Khaksari, Z. Harun","doi":"10.34257/gjsfrivol23is1pg29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34257/gjsfrivol23is1pg29","url":null,"abstract":"One of the critical transportation infrastructures is road tunnels and fire safety is one of the important aspects of their operation. Interaction between the fire, tunnel users, traffic, and fire safety measures influences fires in road tunnels. Therefore, a complex model is required to analyse the risk and quantify the consequences. In this paper, a novel quantitative risk analysis model developed for UK road tunnels is presented consisting of a quantitative consequence analysis model and a quantitative frequency frequency analysis model. The proposed quantitative consequence analysis model is provided through three sub-models; queue model, distribution model, and egress model. The frequency analysis is via an event tree that takes into account the tunnel fire rate in UK road tunnels. After a brief description of this model, the proposed method is illustrated through a case study of an urban road tunnel. The effect of different emergency ventilation systems on societal risk and sensitivity of the model to pre-movement time, accident frequencies involving Heavy Good Vehicles (HGVs), tenability threshold temperature, and different burning vehicles were studied in this case study.","PeriodicalId":12547,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Science Frontier Research","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88231315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.34257/ljrsvol23is6pg15
Ramon Carbó Dorca
This work studies the natural powers of prime numbers as the building blocks of a Euclidian vector semi space. Some vectors generate the composite natural numbers by defining an appropriate geometrical norm. One also studies the structure of extended Mersenne numbers within this geometric point of view. Further geometric applications and extensions of the powers of natural numbers are also studied with the help of inward vector operations. Two research lines follow the first discussion on the geometrical aspects of natural numbers: the extension of the Fermat theorem and the Euler-Riemann function.
{"title":"On the Geometrical Structure of Natural Numbers","authors":"Ramon Carbó Dorca","doi":"10.34257/ljrsvol23is6pg15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34257/ljrsvol23is6pg15","url":null,"abstract":"This work studies the natural powers of prime numbers as the building blocks of a Euclidian vector semi space. Some vectors generate the composite natural numbers by defining an appropriate geometrical norm. One also studies the structure of extended Mersenne numbers within this geometric point of view.\u0000Further geometric applications and extensions of the powers of natural numbers are also studied with the help of inward vector operations. Two research lines follow the first discussion on the geometrical aspects of natural numbers: the extension of the Fermat theorem and the Euler-Riemann function.","PeriodicalId":12547,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Science Frontier Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77254546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.34257/gjsfrfvol23is2pg15
S. Sakai
There is an unsolved problem that has plagued mathematicians for a long time, the "stamp folding problem" (strictly, is there a formula for counting the solutions to the stamp folding problem?). In this paper, I have succeeded in expressing the stamp-folding problem by a recurrence formula with an elegant idea.
{"title":"Recurrence Formula of Stamp Folding Problem","authors":"S. Sakai","doi":"10.34257/gjsfrfvol23is2pg15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34257/gjsfrfvol23is2pg15","url":null,"abstract":"There is an unsolved problem that has plagued mathematicians for a long time, the \"stamp folding problem\" (strictly, is there a formula for counting the solutions to the stamp folding problem?). In this paper, I have succeeded in expressing the stamp-folding problem by a recurrence formula with an elegant idea.","PeriodicalId":12547,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Science Frontier Research","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84474595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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