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Investigating the Seasonal Variations of Event, Recent, and Pre-Recent Runoff Components in a Pre-Alpine Catchment using Stable Isotopes and an Iterative Hydrograph Separation Approach 利用稳定同位素和迭代水文图分离法研究阿尔卑斯山前流域事件、近期和前期径流成分的季节性变化
Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.34257/gjsfrhvol23is6pg1
Simon Hoeg
An analysis of the runoff generation processes in terms of event, recent, and pre-recent runoff components is demonstrated for the Swiss pre-Alpine Alp catchment (46.4 km2) and two smaller tributaries (Erlenbach, 0.7 km2, and Vogelbach, 1.6 km2), whereas, recent water is understood as the contribution of the respective three prior rainfall-runoff events. A four-years time series of daily stable water isotope data in stream water and precipitation is used for the analysis of seasonal variations. In addition, high-frequency data (10 minutely intervals) are used for a detailed visualization of the rapid mobilization of recent water for single events. An iterative extension of the standard two-component hydrograph separation method is applied; this approach can be interpreted as a discretization of the catchment water and tracer mass balance along the event and pre-event time axis. Furthermore, the calculated event, recent, and pre-recent runoff components can be used to estimate time-varying backward travel time distributions.
对瑞士阿尔卑斯山前集水区(46.4 平方公里)和两个较小的支流(埃伦巴赫,0.7 平方公里和沃格尔巴赫,1.6 平方公里)的径流生成过程进行了事件、近期和前期径流成分分析。溪水和降水中稳定水同位素数据的四年时间序列用于分析季节性变化。此外,还使用高频数据(10 分钟间隔)对单次事件中近期水的快速调动进行详细的可视化分析。对标准的双分量水文图分离法进行了迭代扩展;这种方法可解释为沿事件和事件前时间轴对流域水量和示踪剂质量平衡进行离散化。此外,计算出的事件、近期和前期径流成分可用于估算时变后向行程时间分布。
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引用次数: 0
Comprehensive Review of Key Taenia Species and Taeniosis/ Cysticercosis Disease in Animals and Humans 动物和人类主要带绦虫种类和带绦虫/囊虫病的综合综述
Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.34257/gjsfrdvol23is3pg1
Arss Secka
This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of the Taenia genus, encompassing 44 reported species, and their impact on domestic and wild animals as well as humans. The review focuses on 10 important Taenia species and covers various aspects including their description, life cycle, epidemiology, clinical signs of taeniosis and cysticercosis, diagnosis, treatment, control, and prevention. While humans primarily serve as the definitive hosts for Taenia asiatica, T. saginata, and T. solium, they can also become intermediate/accidental hosts for larval forms (metacestodes) of Taenia crassiceps, T. multiceps, T. serialis, T. solium, and T. Taeniaeformis.
该手稿提供了带绦虫属的全面审查,包括44个已报道的物种,以及它们对家畜和野生动物以及人类的影响。本文重点介绍了10种重要的带绦虫,涵盖了它们的描述、生命周期、流行病学、带绦虫病和囊虫病的临床症状、诊断、治疗、控制和预防等方面。虽然人类主要是亚洲带绦虫、牛带绦虫和猪带绦虫的最终宿主,但他们也可以成为带绦虫、多头带绦虫、序列带绦虫、猪带绦虫和带绦虫的中间/偶然宿主。
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引用次数: 0
Research and Discussion of Quantum Theory 量子理论的研究与讨论
Pub Date : 2023-08-25 DOI: 10.34257/gjsfravol23is6pg1
Zhiming Huang
Quantum information technology mainly includes quantum communication, quantum radar, quantum computer these three aspects, in recent years, rapid development, many countries invested heavily in development. The awarding of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2022 to three scientists for their work in quantum informatics has further stimulated people's interest in quantum theory, which has been studied and discussed. This paper not only reviews the historical situation, but also thinks and innovates in theory. The main contents of this paper are as follows: It is pointed out that there are fundamental contradictions between relativity and quantum mechanics; The wave function, quantum statistics and uncertainty principle are discussed in detail. The hidden variable theory is reviewed and the Bell inequality is discussed. The Aspect two-photon experiment was analyzed. The rationality of Bohm experiment scheme is discussed. The development of Bell type experiment is discussed. It is pointed out that the entangled state is not acting at a distance but propagating faster than the speed of light. Reviews the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics; Quantum communication and Wootters theorem are discussed. etc. This paper holds that quantum mechanics has been finalized from 1926 to 1928, and its basic content has not changed much. But for some of the accusations, it is necessary to answer them theoretically. For example, we believe that the Copenhagen interpretation fundamentally changes our understanding of nature and marks a profound revolution in physics. And no other theory has since emerged that has such a profound understanding and wide application of microscopic phenomena as this interpretation. Another example is Bohm's two-particle correlation spin scheme in quantum entanglement experiments, which has been proved to be effective in a series of experiments, which is an important contribution in Bohm's life. This paper holds that the so-called quantum field theory is a failure, and the original quantum mechanics should still be advocated today. Current theoretical research should pay great attention to quantum entangled states, because its nature is still unclear. Understanding this "first mystery of the physical world" not only has scientific significance, but also has great philosophical significance for understanding the universe.
量子信息技术主要包括量子通信、量子雷达、量子计算机这三个方面,近年来发展迅速,许多国家投入巨资发展。2022年诺贝尔物理学奖授予三位科学家,以表彰他们在量子信息学方面的工作,这进一步激发了人们对量子理论的兴趣,量子理论已经得到了研究和讨论。本文既对历史现状进行了回顾,又在理论上进行了思考和创新。本文的主要内容如下:指出相对论与量子力学之间存在着根本性的矛盾;详细讨论了波函数、量子统计和测不准原理。回顾了隐变量理论,讨论了贝尔不等式。对Aspect双光子实验进行了分析。讨论了玻姆实验方案的合理性。讨论了贝尔式实验的发展。指出纠缠态不是作用于一定距离,而是以比光速更快的速度传播。回顾量子力学的哥本哈根解释;讨论了量子通信和wooters定理。等。本文认为,量子力学从1926年到1928年已经定稿,其基本内容没有太大变化。但对于其中的一些指责,有必要从理论上加以回答。例如,我们认为哥本哈根诠释从根本上改变了我们对自然的理解,标志着物理学的一场深刻革命。从那以后,没有其他理论像这种解释那样对微观现象有如此深刻的理解和广泛的应用。又如玻姆在量子纠缠实验中提出的双粒子相关自旋方案,在一系列实验中被证明是有效的,这是玻姆一生的重要贡献。本文认为所谓的量子场论是失败的,原始的量子力学在今天仍然应该被提倡。由于量子纠缠态的性质尚不清楚,目前的理论研究应重视量子纠缠态。了解这个“物质世界的第一奥秘”,不仅具有科学意义,而且对于认识宇宙也具有重大的哲学意义。
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引用次数: 0
Leave-Intercalation Theory and Conductive Mechanism during Charge-Discharge Process for Secondary Battery 二次电池充放电过程的留叶嵌入理论及导电机理
Pub Date : 2023-08-25 DOI: 10.34257/gjsfravol23is6pg45
C. Z. Yang
The source of conductive ions in the charge and discharge process of AB5/β-Ni(OH)2, 2H-graphite/ LiMeO2and 2H-graphite/LiFePO4batteries is thought to be provided by the phase transition of positive active materials, so it is called phase transition theory. Through the detailed study of the charge and discharge processes of AB5/β-Ni(OH)2, 2H-graphite/ Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2and 2H-graphite/LiFePO4, it is found that the source of conductive ions is the de-intercalation of H (nickel-hydrogen battery) and Li (lithium-ion battery) in positive and negative active materials, and the de-intercalation theory is proposed. On this basis, the conductive mechanisms of these three types of batteries are clarified: The directional migration and movement of conductive ions under the action of electric field
AB5/β-Ni(OH)2、2h -石墨/ limeo2和2h -石墨/ lifepo4电池充放电过程中导电离子的来源被认为是由正极活性物质的相变提供的,因此称为相变理论。通过对AB5/β-Ni(OH)2、2h -石墨/Li (Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3) o2和2h -石墨/LiFePO4充放电过程的详细研究,发现导电离子的来源是H(镍氢电池)和Li(锂离子电池)在正负活性材料中的脱嵌,并提出了脱嵌理论。在此基础上,阐明了这三类电池的导电机理:导电离子在电场作用下的定向迁移和运动
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引用次数: 0
Study on the Mechanism of Cycle and Storage Process of Lithium-Ion Battery 锂离子电池循环机理及贮存过程研究
Pub Date : 2023-08-25 DOI: 10.34257/gjsfravol23is6pg61
C. Z. Yang
The changes of battery performance, crystal structure, fine structure and microstructure of positive and negative active materials in the processes of cycle and storage of lithium-ion battery were studied experimentally, and the change of battery performance was related to the structure change of positive and negative active materials. The mechanism of cycle and storage process was revealed, and the attenuation mechanism of battery cycle performance and storage performance was discussed. The method and action mechanism of improving cycle-storage performance are introduced.
实验研究了锂离子电池在循环和贮存过程中电池性能、晶体结构、正负极活性材料的精细结构和微观结构的变化,电池性能的变化与正负极活性材料的结构变化有关。揭示了循环和存储过程的机理,探讨了电池循环性能和存储性能的衰减机理。介绍了提高循环存储性能的方法和作用机理。
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引用次数: 0
Ageing of Nuclear Power Plant’s Equipment. Assessment of Reactor Pressure Vessel Ageing Effect 核电站设备的老化。反应堆压力容器老化效应评价
Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.34257/gjsfrhvol23is3pg29
Galya Dimova
Ageing of materials stands for the change in their mechanical properties, due to thermodynamic imbalance of the initial condition, and gradually bringing the structure to equilibrium in the presence of sufficient diffusive mobility of the atoms. The current paper presents the main mechanisms of degradation of the mechanical properties of the nuclear power plant equipment metal, as well the models for ageing. The ageing effects and ageing indicators typical for the equipment are defined. The ageing process may cause loss of the appropriate functions. It is important to recognize the ageing effects, as well the ageing indicators. Testing methods are defined for every ageing indicator. The paper considers different national approaches to ageing management of structures, systems, and components (SSCs) at nuclear power plants (NPPs).
材料的老化是指由于初始状态的热力学不平衡,使材料的力学性能发生变化,并在原子有足够的扩散迁移率的情况下,使结构逐渐达到平衡。本文介绍了核电站设备金属力学性能退化的主要机理,以及老化模型。定义了设备的典型老化效应和老化指标。衰老过程可能导致相应功能的丧失。重要的是要认识到衰老的影响,以及衰老的指标。为每个老化指标定义了测试方法。本文考虑了不同国家对核电站结构、系统和部件(ssc)老化管理的不同方法。
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引用次数: 0
Kinetics of the Water Release of Hygroscopic Acrylamide Gel Embedded in Calcium Chloride by Thermogravimetric Analysis 用热重法分析包埋在氯化钙中的吸湿性丙烯酰胺凝胶的释水动力学
Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.34257/gjsfrhvol23is3pg1
Nasrollah Hamidi, India Williams, Hushmand Hamidi
Poly (acrylamide) gel was synthesized by radical polymerization of acrylamide and N, N'-methylene-bisacrylamide in the presence of benzoyl peroxide and carbon nanotubes. The dry product was saturated with calcium chloride and prepared for water absorption and desorption. The kinetics of water desorption of poly (acrylamide) gel embedded with hygroscopic calcium chloride (DHG), was studied from thermograms data of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). DHG captures vapor from the environment and releases it as fresh water; it can be used as the condenser to build atmospheric water generators (AWGs) to alleviate the freshwater stress rusting from innovative activities such as industrial, agricultural, rural, and defense endeavors. The kinetics parameters of the synthesized DHG showed that it absorbed environmental vapor at room temperature and released water below its boiling point (40 to 90 °C), temperatures achievable under sunlight via the photothermal effect.
在过氧化苯甲酰和碳纳米管的存在下,用丙烯酰胺和N, N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺自由基聚合法制备了聚丙烯酰胺凝胶。用氯化钙饱和干燥产物,制备吸水解吸。利用热重分析(TGA)的热图数据,研究了包埋氯化钙(DHG)的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶解吸水动力学。DHG从环境中捕获蒸汽并将其作为淡水释放;它可以用作冷凝器来建造大气水发生器(awg),以减轻工业、农业、农村和国防等创新活动造成的淡水压力生锈。合成的DHG的动力学参数表明,它在室温下吸收环境蒸汽,并释放低于其沸点(40 ~ 90℃)的水,这是在阳光下通过光热效应可以达到的温度。
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引用次数: 0
Multivariate Analysis of the Historical Precipitation of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Honduras with the Global Historical Precipitation from Worldclim 尼加拉瓜、哥斯达黎加和洪都拉斯历史降水与全球历史降水的多变量分析
Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.34257/gjsfrhvol23is3pg53
Victor Rogelio Tirado Picado
The present investigation includes the analysis of the correlation of the variable historical precipitation of the Nicaraguan airport station, the El Indio coffee plantation station, San Vito-Puntarenas in Costa Rica, and the Amapala station in Honduras versus the historical precipitation of global data from WorldClim, based on of the multivariate correlation analysis technique. The research questions are formulated in relation to the correlation of historical precipitation data at three different points in the Central American region versus the WorldClim global precipitation database, and that these can be used to perform specific hydrological analyzes at lack of them. As a result, four possible combinations were produced, where Y were the global WorldClim data, the data from the Nicaragua station, then the data from the Costa Rica station and finally the data from the Honduras station, determining R2 correlations of the order of 0.98, 0.98, 0.99 and 0.95 respectively, this goodness-of-fit correlation indicates that there is a lot of precision, demonstrating that the data from WorldClim or from another station in the Central American region can be used from the calculated coefficients to perform hydrological studies in the absence of information.
基于多元相关分析技术,对尼加拉瓜机场站、El Indio咖啡种植园站、哥斯达黎加San Vito-Puntarenas站和洪都拉斯Amapala站的变量历史降水与WorldClim全球数据的历史降水进行了相关性分析。研究问题是根据中美洲地区三个不同地点的历史降水数据与WorldClim全球降水数据库的相关性制定的,这些数据可用于在缺乏它们的情况下进行特定的水文分析。结果,产生了四种可能的组合,其中Y是全球WorldClim数据,尼加拉瓜站数据,然后是哥斯达黎加站数据,最后是洪都拉斯站数据,确定R2相关性分别为0.98,0.98,0.99和0.95,这种拟合优度相关性表明有很大的精度。表明在没有资料的情况下,可以利用计算系数中的WorldClim或中美洲地区另一个站点的数据进行水文研究。
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引用次数: 0
The Cydonian Hypothesis in the Context of New Mars Data 新火星数据背景下的塞多尼亚假说
Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.34257/gjsfravol23is5pg1
J. E. Brandenburg
In a previous article the Cydonian Hypothesis was proposed, where it was hypothesized that what appeared to be strange landforms seen in orbital Mars Viking imagery, were, in fact, eroded archeology from an extinct, stone-age or early bronze-age, humanoid culture indigenous to Mars. It was the simplest hypothesis that could be formed, for the interpretation of the objects as artifacts, based on the data then available. Based on estimates of the ages of the terrains where these objects were found on Mars, approximately 1/2 billion years old, such a hypothetical humanoid culture was considered to be a completely independent biological development on our own culture on Earth. This culture, termed the Cydonians, was hypothesized to have developed and existed in a past period of Earth-like conditions on Mars. Analysis of new imagery, from recent probes, obtained at Cydonia Mensa and Galaxias Chaos, strongly supports the original Cydonian Hypothesis. Given the apparent catastrophic climate change on Mars from its past Earth-like state and Fermi’s Paradox: the unexpected silence of the cosmic neighborhood, it is recommended that a human Mars mission to these two sites be mounted immediately by the ISS (International Space Station) consortium to gain knowledge of this Cydonian Culture and the reasons for its demise.
在之前的一篇文章中提出了塞多尼亚假说,该假说认为,维京人在火星轨道图像中看到的奇怪地貌,实际上是火星上灭绝的石器时代或早期青铜时代人形文化的侵蚀考古学。这是可以形成的最简单的假设,将物体解释为人工制品,基于当时可用的数据。根据在火星上发现这些物体的地形的年龄估计,大约有5亿年的历史,这样一个假想的类人文化被认为是我们地球上自己文化的一个完全独立的生物发展。这种文化被称为赛多尼亚人,被认为是在火星上类似地球的条件下发展和存在的。对最近在塞多尼亚门萨和混沌星系获得的探测器的新图像的分析,有力地支持了最初的塞多尼亚假说。考虑到火星上的灾难性气候变化,从它过去的类地状态和费米悖论:宇宙邻居的意想不到的沉默,建议国际空间站(国际空间站)联盟立即对这两个地点进行人类火星任务,以了解这种塞多尼亚文化及其消亡的原因。
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引用次数: 0
Quantization Essence 量化的本质
Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.34257/gjsfravol23is5pg21
S. Ordin
Ideal Resonance does not fade, and thus, it is, as it were, out of time. So the corresponding Planck QUANTUM, which determines the STATIONARY Allowed States of Energy, is simply a reflection of the Ideal Resonance. which "Quantum Mechanics" used on the example of the Mechanical Harmonic Oscillator. And the fundamental difference of QUANTUMS is only that for frequencies not equal to zero and their minimum energy of the Resonance-Quantum has a finite, non-zero initial value, which also determines the minimum distance between the allowed energy levels. At the same time, the internal structure of the QUANTUM can be not only electromagnetic, like Planck's, and not only acoustic, like Einstein's, but also be determined by the so-called de Broglie matter waves. But, in order to remove any mysticism from QUANTUMS, one must UNDERSTAND that the DUALISM introduced by them is determined by Pontryagin's functional connection of the ELEMENTARY PARTICLE and the Packet of Waves that form it.
理想共振不会褪色,因此,它可以说是过时了。所以相应的普朗克量子,它决定了能量的静止允许态,只是理想共振的一个反射。《量子力学》在机械谐振子的例子中使用了它。而量子的根本区别在于,对于不等于零的频率,其最小能量的共振量子具有有限的非零初始值,这也决定了允许的能级之间的最小距离。同时,量子的内部结构不仅可以像普朗克那样是电磁的,也可以像爱因斯坦那样是声学的,还可以由所谓的德布罗意物质波决定。但是,为了从量子中去除任何神秘主义,人们必须明白,由量子引入的二元论是由庞特里亚金的基本粒子和构成它的波包的功能连接决定的。
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引用次数: 0
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Global Journal of Science Frontier Research
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