Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.34257/gjsfrfvol22is4pg41
Asaduzzaman Tareq
This is a new concept in networking on many points. This paper shows how many ways we can network one point to another.
这是一个多点联网的新概念。这篇论文展示了我们有多少种方法可以将一个点连接到另一个点。
{"title":"New Approach of Connectivity","authors":"Asaduzzaman Tareq","doi":"10.34257/gjsfrfvol22is4pg41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34257/gjsfrfvol22is4pg41","url":null,"abstract":"This is a new concept in networking on many points. This paper shows how many ways we can network one point to another.","PeriodicalId":12547,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Science Frontier Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80314224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.34257/gjsfrfvol22is4pg29
Mohammad Shyfur Rahman Chowdhury
The current Hungarian approach to solving unbalanced assignment issues is based on the notion that some tasks should be delegated to fictitious or covert components, and those studies should be left unperformed. In real-world scenarios, it may be desirable to carry out all of the tasks on fundamental details. To do this, multiple tasks may be distributed to a single machine. The current research's enhanced Hungarian method for addressing unbalanced assignment challenges results in the ideal work assignment policy. An example using numbers shows how well the suggested strategy works and how effective it is. The acquired result is then likened to other current approaches to demonstrate our algorithm's superiority.
{"title":"An Improved Hungarian Algorithm for a Special Case of Unbalanced Assignment Problems","authors":"Mohammad Shyfur Rahman Chowdhury","doi":"10.34257/gjsfrfvol22is4pg29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34257/gjsfrfvol22is4pg29","url":null,"abstract":"The current Hungarian approach to solving unbalanced assignment issues is based on the notion that some tasks should be delegated to fictitious or covert components, and those studies should be left unperformed. In real-world scenarios, it may be desirable to carry out all of the tasks on fundamental details. To do this, multiple tasks may be distributed to a single machine. The current research's enhanced Hungarian method for addressing unbalanced assignment challenges results in the ideal work assignment policy. An example using numbers shows how well the suggested strategy works and how effective it is. The acquired result is then likened to other current approaches to demonstrate our algorithm's superiority.","PeriodicalId":12547,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Science Frontier Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89726955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.34257/gjsfrfvol22is4pg1
Edouard Siregar
We present the logical foundation of an artificial intelligence (AI) capable of dealing with complex dynamic challenges, that would be very hard to handled using traditional approaches (e.g. predicate logic and deep learning). The AI is based on a cooperative questioning game, to boost insight. Insight gains are measured by information, probability, uncertainty (Shannon), as well as utility (von Neumann). The framework is a two-person cooperative iterated Q&A game, in which both players (human, AI agent) benefit (positive-sum): the human player gains insight and the AI player learns to improve its suggestions. Generally speaking, valuable insight is typically gained by asking ’good’ questions about the ’right’ topic, at the ’appropriate’ time and place: by posing insightful questions. In this study, we propose a logical and mathematical framework, for the meanings of ’good, right, appropriate’, within clearly-defined classes of human intentions.
{"title":"Boosting human Insight by Cooperative AI: Foundations of Shannon-Neumann Logic","authors":"Edouard Siregar","doi":"10.34257/gjsfrfvol22is4pg1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34257/gjsfrfvol22is4pg1","url":null,"abstract":"We present the logical foundation of an artificial intelligence (AI) capable of dealing with complex dynamic challenges, that would be very hard to handled using traditional approaches (e.g. predicate logic and deep learning). The AI is based on a cooperative questioning game, to boost insight. Insight gains are measured by information, probability, uncertainty (Shannon), as well as utility (von Neumann). The framework is a two-person cooperative iterated Q&A game, in which both players (human, AI agent) benefit (positive-sum): the human player gains insight and the AI player learns to improve its suggestions. Generally speaking, valuable insight is typically gained by asking ’good’ questions about the ’right’ topic, at the ’appropriate’ time and place: by posing insightful questions. In this study, we propose a logical and mathematical framework, for the meanings of ’good, right, appropriate’, within clearly-defined classes of human intentions.","PeriodicalId":12547,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Science Frontier Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83392620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.34257/gjsfrfvol22is4pg37
Randhir Singh
This paper aims at the Bayesian estimation for the loss and risk functions of the unknown parameter of the binomial distribution under the loss function which is different from that given by Rukhin (1988). The estimation involves beta distribution, a natural conjugate prior density function for the unknown parameter. Estimators obtained are conservatively biased and have finite frequentist risk.
{"title":"On Baysian Estimation of Loss of Estimators of Unknown Parameter of Binomial Distribution","authors":"Randhir Singh","doi":"10.34257/gjsfrfvol22is4pg37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34257/gjsfrfvol22is4pg37","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims at the Bayesian estimation for the loss and risk functions of the unknown parameter of the binomial distribution under the loss function which is different from that given by Rukhin (1988). The estimation involves beta distribution, a natural conjugate prior density function for the unknown parameter. Estimators obtained are conservatively biased and have finite frequentist risk.","PeriodicalId":12547,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Science Frontier Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79261529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-23DOI: 10.34257/gjsfravol22is5pg33
Plokhotnikov Konstantin Eduardovich
The global (geo) political system is determined. The first, elementary interpretation of the concept of freedom and its calculus is introduced. Two global metahistorical goals of the realms of freedom and necessity have been identified. The basic aspects of modeling history, right and left in politics, tradition, innovation, progress are determined. The concept of an “actor” (a player, a decision-maker) is formulated. The formulation of the moral code of actors is given. The inevitability of actors' awareness of the choice between the realms of freedom and necessity is discussed, which leads to a second, deeper interpretation of the concept of freedom. The space and time of actors are discussed, and the relevant aspects of the transition between two target sets of actors are listed. The content of ethics is determined, providing a return to the realm of freedom and necessity. Metaethics of the outcome of choice —the third interpretation of the category of freedom.
{"title":"Normative Model of Global History","authors":"Plokhotnikov Konstantin Eduardovich","doi":"10.34257/gjsfravol22is5pg33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34257/gjsfravol22is5pg33","url":null,"abstract":"The global (geo) political system is determined. The first, elementary interpretation of the concept of freedom and its calculus is introduced. Two global metahistorical goals of the realms of freedom and necessity have been identified. The basic aspects of modeling history, right and left in politics, tradition, innovation, progress are determined. The concept of an “actor” (a player, a decision-maker) is formulated. The formulation of the moral code of actors is given. The inevitability of actors' awareness of the choice between the realms of freedom and necessity is discussed, which leads to a second, deeper interpretation of the concept of freedom. The space and time of actors are discussed, and the relevant aspects of the transition between two target sets of actors are listed. The content of ethics is determined, providing a return to the realm of freedom and necessity. Metaethics of the outcome of choice —the third interpretation of the category of freedom.","PeriodicalId":12547,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Science Frontier Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84147201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-23DOI: 10.34257/gjsfravol22is5pg7
K. Suto
Einstein's energy-momentum relationship, which holds in an isolated system in free space, cannot be applied to an electron in a hydrogen atom where potential energy is present. The author has previously derived an energy-momentum relationship which holds inside a hydrogen atom. Using an argument of Dirac, a solution is obtained for the positive and negative energy levels based on this relationship too. Even if the energy is described on an absolute scale, the electrons at negative energy levels have negative mass. The author has adopted the name "dark hydrogen atom (DHA)" for this type of unknown material composed of an electron with negative mass and a proton (atomic nucleus) with positive mass. The mass of a DHA is almost the same the mass of an ordinary hydrogen atom. However, a DHA is extremely small compared to an ordinary hydrogen atom, and thus can achieve states of ultra-high density. The author has pointed out that these DHAs, and the hydrogen molecules and other materials formed from them, are the true nature of the unknown material known as "dark matter" whose true nature is currently regarded as unknown. Recently, the author has derived a previously unknown formula for the energy levels of the hydrogen atom. According to this formula, physical quantities of DHA are involved in the energy levels of a hydrogen atom. This paper derives this formula for the energy levels of a hydrogen atom using another method. The author believes this formula to be strong evidence of the existence of DHAs.
{"title":"A Compelling Formula Indicating the Existence of Ultra-low Energy Levels in the Hydrogen Atom","authors":"K. Suto","doi":"10.34257/gjsfravol22is5pg7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34257/gjsfravol22is5pg7","url":null,"abstract":"Einstein's energy-momentum relationship, which holds in an isolated system in free space, cannot be applied to an electron in a hydrogen atom where potential energy is present. The author has previously derived an energy-momentum relationship which holds inside a hydrogen atom. Using an argument of Dirac, a solution is obtained for the positive and negative energy levels based on this relationship too. Even if the energy is described on an absolute scale, the electrons at negative energy levels have negative mass. The author has adopted the name \"dark hydrogen atom (DHA)\" for this type of unknown material composed of an electron with negative mass and a proton (atomic nucleus) with positive mass. The mass of a DHA is almost the same the mass of an ordinary hydrogen atom. However, a DHA is extremely small compared to an ordinary hydrogen atom, and thus can achieve states of ultra-high density. The author has pointed out that these DHAs, and the hydrogen molecules and other materials formed from them, are the true nature of the unknown material known as \"dark matter\" whose true nature is currently regarded as unknown. Recently, the author has derived a previously unknown formula for the energy levels of the hydrogen atom. According to this formula, physical quantities of DHA are involved in the energy levels of a hydrogen atom. This paper derives this formula for the energy levels of a hydrogen atom using another method. The author believes this formula to be strong evidence of the existence of DHAs.","PeriodicalId":12547,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Science Frontier Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76031261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-22DOI: 10.34257/gjsfrhvol22is5pg43
J. Briffa, R. Blundell, E. Sinagra, Joseph Grech
Heavy metal soil pollution had increased in recent years and this has produced adverse effects to human wellbeing’s health by being up taken in the food chain. A potential threat of heavy metal pollution was suspected at the Government Farm in Għammieri. This is due to heavy traffic and fireworks causing concern to the farmers who cultivate fruit and vegetables in these fields. Soil sampling with an instrument that can give rapid results was needed to analyse the data and give the real-time in-situ mapping of heavy metal pollution in the soil. Comparison between an X-Ray Fluorescent (XRF) spectrometer and an Inductively Coupled Plasma –Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS), both of which are conventional analytical techniques, was performed to measure the heavy metals in the soil by using laboratory and field work. This was performed to make sure that the XRF that was being used, would give accurate results before testing larger sample size. The XRF used was situated at the Department of Chemistry, at the University of Malta, whilst the ICP-MS was situated in Germany, at an accredited laboratory. Five samples were collected from around the whole field, where each sample was split into 2 identical batches.
{"title":"Validation of X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer Technique to Determine Heavy Metal Concentrations in Soil Samples","authors":"J. Briffa, R. Blundell, E. Sinagra, Joseph Grech","doi":"10.34257/gjsfrhvol22is5pg43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34257/gjsfrhvol22is5pg43","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metal soil pollution had increased in recent years and this has produced adverse effects to human wellbeing’s health by being up taken in the food chain. A potential threat of heavy metal pollution was suspected at the Government Farm in Għammieri. This is due to heavy traffic and fireworks causing concern to the farmers who cultivate fruit and vegetables in these fields. Soil sampling with an instrument that can give rapid results was needed to analyse the data and give the real-time in-situ mapping of heavy metal pollution in the soil. Comparison between an X-Ray Fluorescent (XRF) spectrometer and an Inductively Coupled Plasma –Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS), both of which are conventional analytical techniques, was performed to measure the heavy metals in the soil by using laboratory and field work. This was performed to make sure that the XRF that was being used, would give accurate results before testing larger sample size. The XRF used was situated at the Department of Chemistry, at the University of Malta, whilst the ICP-MS was situated in Germany, at an accredited laboratory. Five samples were collected from around the whole field, where each sample was split into 2 identical batches.","PeriodicalId":12547,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Science Frontier Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79681361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-22DOI: 10.34257/gjsfrhvol22is5pg15
L. Ferreira
From an ecological perspective, scientific investigation of the “Earth system” reveals its complexity, evidenced by the interaction of geophysical processes –which occur in the “global atmospheric system”; in the “world ocean” –both favoring the “world climate”; in "the interior of the globe"; and, between each of these parts and outer space. Environmental risks (geophysical) exist due to the configuration of extreme circumstances (CAPRA, 1982; MCWILLIAMS, 2006; SKINNER and MURCK, 2011). In the nuclear age, and taking into account the possibility of employing emerging autonomous technology as a weapon of this category, a geopolitical risk exists (KAHN, 2007; NICHOLS et al., 2022). Crossing between risks (geophysical and geopolitical) can be imagined (WEICK, 1989; GAUB, 2020; MCLENNAN et al., 2021). Analyzing the plausibility of the coincident occurrence of risks (crossed–geophysical and geopolitical) as a critical uncertainty for scenarios –and due to the vulnerability of autonomous systems to the (sui generis) flow of fluids by unlikely geophysical processes –the present study ratifies the technology "in the sea” (underwater, in focus) as a possible threat to the “Earth-system”; in the conception of scientific thought for the 21st century.
从生态学的角度，对“地球系统”的科学考察揭示了它的复杂性，地球物理过程的相互作用证明了这一点——发生在“全球大气系统”中;在“世界海洋”——既有利于“世界气候”;在“地球的内部”;在这些部分和外太空之间。环境风险(地球物理)由于极端情况的配置而存在(CAPRA, 1982;威廉姆斯,2006;SKINNER and MURCK, 2011)。在核时代，并考虑到采用新兴自主技术作为这类武器的可能性，存在地缘政治风险(KAHN, 2007;NICHOLS et al.， 2022)。可以想象风险(地球物理和地缘政治)之间的交叉(WEICK, 1989;GAUB, 2020;MCLENNAN et al.， 2021)。本研究分析了风险(交叉地球物理和地缘政治)同时发生的可能性，认为这是各种情景的关键不确定性，而且由于自治系统容易受到不太可能发生的地球物理过程的(特殊的)流体流动的影响，因此本研究确认"海上"(重点是水下)技术可能对"地球系统"构成威胁;21世纪的科学思想观念。
{"title":"Autonomous Technology in Scenario by Rare Geophysical Processes (Underwater Focus)","authors":"L. Ferreira","doi":"10.34257/gjsfrhvol22is5pg15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34257/gjsfrhvol22is5pg15","url":null,"abstract":"From an ecological perspective, scientific investigation of the “Earth system” reveals its complexity, evidenced by the interaction of geophysical processes –which occur in the “global atmospheric system”; in the “world ocean” –both favoring the “world climate”; in \"the interior of the globe\"; and, between each of these parts and outer space. Environmental risks (geophysical) exist due to the configuration of extreme circumstances (CAPRA, 1982; MCWILLIAMS, 2006; SKINNER and MURCK, 2011). In the nuclear age, and taking into account the possibility of employing emerging autonomous technology as a weapon of this category, a geopolitical risk exists (KAHN, 2007; NICHOLS et al., 2022). Crossing between risks (geophysical and geopolitical) can be imagined (WEICK, 1989; GAUB, 2020; MCLENNAN et al., 2021). Analyzing the plausibility of the coincident occurrence of risks (crossed–geophysical and geopolitical) as a critical uncertainty for scenarios –and due to the vulnerability of autonomous systems to the (sui generis) flow of fluids by unlikely geophysical processes –the present study ratifies the technology \"in the sea” (underwater, in focus) as a possible threat to the “Earth-system”; in the conception of scientific thought for the 21st century.","PeriodicalId":12547,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Science Frontier Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84775568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-08DOI: 10.34257/gjsfrhvol22is4pg15
Lingyun Liu
From 1996 to 1997, the National Metrology Centre of Singapore (NMC) coordinated the 3rd Asia Pacific Metrology Program (APMP) comparison of dc voltage using a Zener traveling standard. The comparison results at 1.018 V showed a zigzag curve among those laboratories that used their Josephson Array Voltage Standards (JAVSs) for this comparison. The amplitude of the zigzag was more than 1 part in 107, much larger than the typical uncertainty of such standards. These results motivated NMC to search for an explanation, which finally led to the development of an approximate mathematical model to describe this phenomenon [1]. During this developing period a surprising phenomenon was observed: Continuously measured dc voltage output with a periodic fluctuation pattern correlated with the times of tide high and tide low [2]. In addition to this, [2] also mentioned another observation that some of measurements carried out exhibit vast errors during spring tide. Through water molecules’ adsorption or desorption on the insulation of a wiring harness forming the voltage divider, which is situated in an air sealed thermostat of a measured Zener cell, the dc voltage output was very strongly disturbed by spring tides.
{"title":"Tidal Force Leap May Cause Malignant Impact on Zener Standard Measurement and Even Aircraft Instrumentation System","authors":"Lingyun Liu","doi":"10.34257/gjsfrhvol22is4pg15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34257/gjsfrhvol22is4pg15","url":null,"abstract":"From 1996 to 1997, the National Metrology Centre of Singapore (NMC) coordinated the 3rd Asia Pacific Metrology Program (APMP) comparison of dc voltage using a Zener traveling standard. The comparison results at 1.018 V showed a zigzag curve among those laboratories that used their Josephson Array Voltage Standards (JAVSs) for this comparison. The amplitude of the zigzag was more than 1 part in 107, much larger than the typical uncertainty of such standards. These results motivated NMC to search for an explanation, which finally led to the development of an approximate mathematical model to describe this phenomenon [1]. During this developing period a surprising phenomenon was observed: Continuously measured dc voltage output with a periodic fluctuation pattern correlated with the times of tide high and tide low [2]. In addition to this, [2] also mentioned another observation that some of measurements carried out exhibit vast errors during spring tide. Through water molecules’ adsorption or desorption on the insulation of a wiring harness forming the voltage divider, which is situated in an air sealed thermostat of a measured Zener cell, the dc voltage output was very strongly disturbed by spring tides.","PeriodicalId":12547,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Science Frontier Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79812810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.34257/gjsfrdvol22is2pg19
R. Singh, M. Singh, V. Jaiswal, Jitendra V. Singh, I. P. Singh
The present innovative and introductive experiment was laid out during two consecutive rabi seasons of 2009-10 and 2010-11 under “Farmers Participatory Action Research Project on Water/Water Harvesting” (Scheme funded by Central Water Commission, New Delhi). Since, the extensive farming almost closed up because all cultivable land saturated under cultivation of crops and other agricultural enterprises. During the visit of Bundelk hand region of U.P. for scheme work, the riverbed open after water receding of Betawa river was seen. The open riverbed was found suitable for cultivation of winter season crops. Riverbed was suffered from the nodulation of rocks (Maurang), but siltation was fertile. Therefore, the site was selected for cultivation of wheat because it has better nutrients status. The riverbed soil was fertilized with organic manure i.e., FYM @ 200 q/ha, vermi cost + vermi-eggs@10 q/ha and mustard cake @ 5 q/ha for major and minor plant nutrients and loosened the riverbed soil. Wheat cv. WH-147 was planted on 15 November and harvested 20 March after 125 days of planting in both experimental seasons.
{"title":"Smart Agronomy of Wheat Cultivation in Riverbed of Betawa through Natural and Organic Farming under Changing Climate","authors":"R. Singh, M. Singh, V. Jaiswal, Jitendra V. Singh, I. P. Singh","doi":"10.34257/gjsfrdvol22is2pg19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34257/gjsfrdvol22is2pg19","url":null,"abstract":"The present innovative and introductive experiment was laid out during two consecutive rabi seasons of 2009-10 and 2010-11 under “Farmers Participatory Action Research Project on Water/Water Harvesting” (Scheme funded by Central Water Commission, New Delhi). Since, the extensive farming almost closed up because all cultivable land saturated under cultivation of crops and other agricultural enterprises. During the visit of Bundelk hand region of U.P. for scheme work, the riverbed open after water receding of Betawa river was seen. The open riverbed was found suitable for cultivation of winter season crops. Riverbed was suffered from the nodulation of rocks (Maurang), but siltation was fertile. Therefore, the site was selected for cultivation of wheat because it has better nutrients status. The riverbed soil was fertilized with organic manure i.e., FYM @ 200 q/ha, vermi cost + vermi-eggs@10 q/ha and mustard cake @ 5 q/ha for major and minor plant nutrients and loosened the riverbed soil. Wheat cv. WH-147 was planted on 15 November and harvested 20 March after 125 days of planting in both experimental seasons.","PeriodicalId":12547,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Science Frontier Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86795263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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