Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-876-871
Sergey V. Kuz’min, Natalia E. Fedorova, Anastasiya A. Ivchenkova, Svetoslav D. Dobrev
Introduction. Due to the widespread use of captan-based fungicides, the substance is among the top of 100 pesticides most frequently detected in food products worldwide. Captan is hydrolytically unstable and rapidly degrades to the metabolite 1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalimide (THPI). The substance tends to degrade at various stages of analysis, which justified the need for special experiments.
Purpose of the work. Conducting experimental studies to assess the potential risks of obtaining incorrect analytical results on the actual content of captan and THPI in food products when assessing its safety to substantiate optimal approaches to the analysis procedure and develop a methodology for controlling the content
of captan and its metabolite tetrahydrophthalimide in fruit, vegetable, and juice products.
Materials and methods. For the identification and quantitative determination of substances, the method of high performance liquid chromatography with a triple quadrupole mass detector (HPLC-MS/MS) was used. To extract analytes from a homogenized sample, acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid was used. An aliquot of the extract was purified by freezing at minus 18 °C.
Results. In the studied samples of citrus, the analytes showed stability. Thirty months after storage of samples in deep freezing conditions (temperature not higher than –20 °C), the identified levels of active ingredients of the pesticides imazalil, pyrimethanil, and prochloraz did not change by more than 20% compared to the previously detected concentrations. Insignificant amounts of imidacloprid, thiabendazole and pyriproxyfen, traces of azoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin, detected in the study of samples, were also found in samples after long-term storage.
Limitation. The study did not look at food products with a low water content.
Conclusion. For a correct assessment of food safety, it t has been shown to be necessary to quantify captan together with its metabolite THPI. It has been experimentally substantiated that lowering the pH and temperature during the preparation and storage of samples and extracts makes it possible to retain captan in the sample.
A procedure has been developed for determining the residual amounts of captan and its metabolite tetrahydrophthalimide in fruit, vegetable, and juice products by HPLC-MS/MS in the range of 0.01–50 mg/kg.
{"title":"Safety control of fruit and vegetable products: determination of residual amounts of a fungicide of the phthalimide class – captan","authors":"Sergey V. Kuz’min, Natalia E. Fedorova, Anastasiya A. Ivchenkova, Svetoslav D. Dobrev","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-876-871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-876-871","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Due to the widespread use of captan-based fungicides, the substance is among the top of 100 pesticides most frequently detected in food products worldwide. Captan is hydrolytically unstable and rapidly degrades to the metabolite 1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalimide (THPI). The substance tends to degrade at various stages of analysis, which justified the need for special experiments.
 Purpose of the work. Conducting experimental studies to assess the potential risks of obtaining incorrect analytical results on the actual content of captan and THPI in food products when assessing its safety to substantiate optimal approaches to the analysis procedure and develop a methodology for controlling the content 
 of captan and its metabolite tetrahydrophthalimide in fruit, vegetable, and juice products.
 Materials and methods. For the identification and quantitative determination of substances, the method of high performance liquid chromatography with a triple quadrupole mass detector (HPLC-MS/MS) was used. To extract analytes from a homogenized sample, acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid was used. An aliquot of the extract was purified by freezing at minus 18 °C.
 Results. In the studied samples of citrus, the analytes showed stability. Thirty months after storage of samples in deep freezing conditions (temperature not higher than –20 °C), the identified levels of active ingredients of the pesticides imazalil, pyrimethanil, and prochloraz did not change by more than 20% compared to the previously detected concentrations. Insignificant amounts of imidacloprid, thiabendazole and pyriproxyfen, traces of azoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin, detected in the study of samples, were also found in samples after long-term storage. 
 Limitation. The study did not look at food products with a low water content.
 Conclusion. For a correct assessment of food safety, it t has been shown to be necessary to quantify captan together with its metabolite THPI. It has been experimentally substantiated that lowering the pH and temperature during the preparation and storage of samples and extracts makes it possible to retain captan in the sample. 
 A procedure has been developed for determining the residual amounts of captan and its metabolite tetrahydrophthalimide in fruit, vegetable, and juice products by HPLC-MS/MS in the range of 0.01–50 mg/kg.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135149520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-868-875
Daniil S. Isaev, Gennadiy B. Yeremin, Natal’ya A. Mozzhuhina, Xenia A. Gribowa, Aleks A. Stepanyan, Roman V. Buzinov
the absence of a threat to health should be confirmed through a risk assessment, which is associated with methodological difficulties.
Materials and methods. Health risk assessment projects from drinking water consumption of centralized drinking and household water supply systems in two settlements. The results of laboratory studies of drinking water quality using descriptive statistics methods are analyzed. The health risk assessment was carried out in accordance with the current guidelines G 2.1.10.1920–04.
Results. According to the results of laboratory studies, it was found that the quality of drinking water before being supplied to the distribution network of settlement No. 1 didn`t meet the requirements of hygienic standards in terms of total hardness and strontium, settlement No. 2 – in terms of «total hardness», «dry residue», «magnesium», «bromine», «boron», while all these indicators, with the exception of total hardness exceeded the MPC by no more than an error of the determination method. In this regard, temporary deviations were justified only for the «total hardness». Non-carcinogenic risk assessment showed that the values of the hazard coefficients corresponded to the permissible level. The levels of the total carcinogenic risk by consumption of the drinking water throughout whole life and for 7 years correspond to the upper limit of acceptable risk.
Limitations. The limitation was the number of laboratory test protocols selected for analysis – over a 3-year period. In addition, the limitation was the inability to evaluate the full list of indicators from the point of view of risk assessment, as well as the probabilistic nature of the results obtained.
Conclusion. To justify temporary deviations in drinking water quality in terms of «total hardness», it is necessary to conduct a complete study of the concentrations of cations forming the «total hardness» indicator – magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium using a health risk assessment.
{"title":"Justification of temporary deviations from the standardized indicators of drinking water quality","authors":"Daniil S. Isaev, Gennadiy B. Yeremin, Natal’ya A. Mozzhuhina, Xenia A. Gribowa, Aleks A. Stepanyan, Roman V. Buzinov","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-868-875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-868-875","url":null,"abstract":"the absence of a threat to health should be confirmed through a risk assessment, which is associated with methodological difficulties.
 Materials and methods. Health risk assessment projects from drinking water consumption of centralized drinking and household water supply systems in two settlements. The results of laboratory studies of drinking water quality using descriptive statistics methods are analyzed. The health risk assessment was carried out in accordance with the current guidelines G 2.1.10.1920–04.
 Results. According to the results of laboratory studies, it was found that the quality of drinking water before being supplied to the distribution network of settlement No. 1 didn`t meet the requirements of hygienic standards in terms of total hardness and strontium, settlement No. 2 – in terms of «total hardness», «dry residue», «magnesium», «bromine», «boron», while all these indicators, with the exception of total hardness exceeded the MPC by no more than an error of the determination method. In this regard, temporary deviations were justified only for the «total hardness». Non-carcinogenic risk assessment showed that the values of the hazard coefficients corresponded to the permissible level. The levels of the total carcinogenic risk by consumption of the drinking water throughout whole life and for 7 years correspond to the upper limit of acceptable risk. 
 Limitations. The limitation was the number of laboratory test protocols selected for analysis – over a 3-year period. In addition, the limitation was the inability to evaluate the full list of indicators from the point of view of risk assessment, as well as the probabilistic nature of the results obtained.
 Conclusion. To justify temporary deviations in drinking water quality in terms of «total hardness», it is necessary to conduct a complete study of the concentrations of cations forming the «total hardness» indicator – magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium using a health risk assessment.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135149648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-853-860
Semen A. Kurolap, Oleg V. Klepikov, Vadim V. Kulnev, Aleksei N. Kizeev, Sergei A. Syurin, Andrei V. Enin
Introduction. Industrial cities are characterized by a significant amount of emissions of carcinogenic substances into the atmospheric air. In this regard, for the development of preventive measures, there is needed research to quantify the carcinogenic risk to health.
The aim of the work was to quantify the carcinogenic risk associated with aerotechnogenic pollution of the cities of the Central Chernozem region including Voronezh, Lipetsk, and Belgorod.
Materials and methods. Data on the results of monitoring laboratory studies in 2017–2022 were used as initial data. The carcinogenic risk was assessed according to G. 2.1.10.1920–04 “Guidelines for assessing the risk to public health when exposed to chemicals that pollute the environment”.
Results. Taking into account the available objective data of laboratory control of carcinogens in the atmospheric air of the cities of the Central Chernozem region of Russia, pollutants have been identified whose exposure under standard exposure scenarios causes the level of individual carcinogenic risk to public health above the maximum permissible (1 • 10–4): in Voronezh – 1,3–butadiene (the source of emissions is the production of synthetic rubber) and chromium6+ compounds (the main source of emissions is an aviation plant); in Lipetsk – formaldehyde, at some control points – benzene (the main sources are emissions from metallurgical production and motor transport). Attention should be paid to the need to improve monitoring of the content of carcinogens in the atmospheric air of Belgorod, because in the presence of many sources of pollution, the concentrations of only two carcinogens are controlled.
Limitations. The limitations of the study are due to the fact that the calculation of individual carcinogenic risks is always inherent in the uncertainties associated with the assessment of exposure and the use of standard formulas for calculating doses of intake into the body.
Conclusion. To reduce the carcinogenic risk associated with air pollution, a set of measures should be implemented to reduce the intake of carcinogenic pollutants into the atmospheric air, and to implement rational urban planning decisions.
{"title":"Carcinogenic risk associated with atmospheric air pollution in industrial cities of the Central Chernozem region","authors":"Semen A. Kurolap, Oleg V. Klepikov, Vadim V. Kulnev, Aleksei N. Kizeev, Sergei A. Syurin, Andrei V. Enin","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-853-860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-853-860","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Industrial cities are characterized by a significant amount of emissions of carcinogenic substances into the atmospheric air. In this regard, for the development of preventive measures, there is needed research to quantify the carcinogenic risk to health.
 The aim of the work was to quantify the carcinogenic risk associated with aerotechnogenic pollution of the cities of the Central Chernozem region including Voronezh, Lipetsk, and Belgorod.
 Materials and methods. Data on the results of monitoring laboratory studies in 2017–2022 were used as initial data. The carcinogenic risk was assessed according to G. 2.1.10.1920–04 “Guidelines for assessing the risk to public health when exposed to chemicals that pollute the environment”.
 Results. Taking into account the available objective data of laboratory control of carcinogens in the atmospheric air of the cities of the Central Chernozem region of Russia, pollutants have been identified whose exposure under standard exposure scenarios causes the level of individual carcinogenic risk to public health above the maximum permissible (1 • 10–4): in Voronezh – 1,3–butadiene (the source of emissions is the production of synthetic rubber) and chromium6+ compounds (the main source of emissions is an aviation plant); in Lipetsk – formaldehyde, at some control points – benzene (the main sources are emissions from metallurgical production and motor transport). Attention should be paid to the need to improve monitoring of the content of carcinogens in the atmospheric air of Belgorod, because in the presence of many sources of pollution, the concentrations of only two carcinogens are controlled.
 Limitations. The limitations of the study are due to the fact that the calculation of individual carcinogenic risks is always inherent in the uncertainties associated with the assessment of exposure and the use of standard formulas for calculating doses of intake into the body.
 Conclusion. To reduce the carcinogenic risk associated with air pollution, a set of measures should be implemented to reduce the intake of carcinogenic pollutants into the atmospheric air, and to implement rational urban planning decisions.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135149650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-757-763
Anton M. Nikulenkov, Leonid N. Sindalovskiy, Gennadiy B. Yeremin, Darya S. Borisova, Natal’ya A. Mozzhukhina, Vladimir V. Megorskiy, Roman V. Buzinov
Introduction. The article discusses methods to reduce the 2nd and 3rd Sanitary Protection Zones (SPZ) on the surface watercourse for the intake of onshore groundwater. There are presented basic hydrodynamic and geo-migration analytical solutions allowing the estimation the time of the pollution migration from the river to the underground water intake. These basic analytical solutions also estimate the degree of dilution of river waters by groundwater.
Materials and methods. Laws & Acts regulating relations in the Design and Establishment of SPZ, SPZ Projects & related Scientific References. The methodological basis for reducing the zones of sanitary protection of coastal water intakes was undertaken using the hydrodynamic and geo-migration analytical calculations included within the ANSDIMAT software package.
Results. When designing a coastal groundwater intake and developing a SPZ project, the following sequence of actions are recommended to reduce or completely avoid the management of the SPZ on a surface watercourse: 1. Locate the onshore groundwater intake in such a way that the 3rd belt of the SPZ is not close to the surface watercourse. 2. Estimate the pollution migration time. If it is more than four hundred days, then it is possible to abandon the management of the 2nd zone of the SPZ on the surface watercourse, and if the migration time of the pollution is more than 25 years, then the 3rd belt can also be completely abandoned. 3. Even with a constant excess of MPC (Maximum Permissible Concentration) in river waters, it is still possible to justify such a well flow rate that will not lead to an excess of MPC in water intake. 4. If it is impossible to fulfill the required project conditions, then it is necessary to manage the SPZ belts both for underground water intake and for the surface watercourse.
Conclusion. Our recommendations for developing underground onshore water intakes make it possible to use all the advantages of onshore water intakes, whilst not withdrawing large areas from economic use.
{"title":"Approaches to reducing sanitary protection zones of coastal groundwater intakes","authors":"Anton M. Nikulenkov, Leonid N. Sindalovskiy, Gennadiy B. Yeremin, Darya S. Borisova, Natal’ya A. Mozzhukhina, Vladimir V. Megorskiy, Roman V. Buzinov","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-757-763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-757-763","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article discusses methods to reduce the 2nd and 3rd Sanitary Protection Zones (SPZ) on the surface watercourse for the intake of onshore groundwater. There are presented basic hydrodynamic and geo-migration analytical solutions allowing the estimation the time of the pollution migration from the river to the underground water intake. These basic analytical solutions also estimate the degree of dilution of river waters by groundwater. 
 Materials and methods. Laws & Acts regulating relations in the Design and Establishment of SPZ, SPZ Projects & related Scientific References. The methodological basis for reducing the zones of sanitary protection of coastal water intakes was undertaken using the hydrodynamic and geo-migration analytical calculations included within the ANSDIMAT software package. 
 Results. When designing a coastal groundwater intake and developing a SPZ project, the following sequence of actions are recommended to reduce or completely avoid the management of the SPZ on a surface watercourse: 1. Locate the onshore groundwater intake in such a way that the 3rd belt of the SPZ is not close to the surface watercourse. 2. Estimate the pollution migration time. If it is more than four hundred days, then it is possible to abandon the management of the 2nd zone of the SPZ on the surface watercourse, and if the migration time of the pollution is more than 25 years, then the 3rd belt can also be completely abandoned. 3. Even with a constant excess of MPC (Maximum Permissible Concentration) in river waters, it is still possible to justify such a well flow rate that will not lead to an excess of MPC in water intake. 4. If it is impossible to fulfill the required project conditions, then it is necessary to manage the SPZ belts both for underground water intake and for the surface watercourse. 
 Conclusion. Our recommendations for developing underground onshore water intakes make it possible to use all the advantages of onshore water intakes, whilst not withdrawing large areas from economic use.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135148703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-800-805
Valentina N. Nikitina, Nina I. Kalinina, Ekaterina N. Dubrovskaya, Vladimir P. Plekhanov
Introduction.. Currently, there are a large arsenal of technical means designed to protect information processed by electronic computing equipment from unauthorized access and additional sources of electromagnetic fields of the radio frequency range (RF EMF) in the workplace. However, in the available literature there is practically no data on the hygienic assessment of the electromagnetic environment when using active means of information protection.
The purpose of the research is to conduct research and hygienic assessment of the electromagnetic environment in the workplace when using technical means of active information protection.
Materials and methods. Regulatory documents, systems, and principles of information protection of computer equipment objects, technical characteristics and operating modes of devices were studied. EMF levels were measured in rooms and workplaces with personal computers (PCs) when using information security tools, EMF exposure parameters were determined. A hygienic assessment of the electromagnetic environment was carried out.
Results. The intensity of RF EMF generated by electromagnetic noise generators in the workplace has been established to depend on such many factors as the type of device, the antenna used, its location, distance from the antenna, and others.
Limitations. There are no limitations of the study.
Conclusion. Active information protection devices are increasingly being used and there is an obvious need for monitoring and carrying out measures to protect personnel from the adverse effects of RF EMF, including clarifying hygiene standards, developing technical solutions, and creating domestic selective EMF measuring instruments.
{"title":"Electromagnetic environment in the workplace when using active means of information protection","authors":"Valentina N. Nikitina, Nina I. Kalinina, Ekaterina N. Dubrovskaya, Vladimir P. Plekhanov","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-800-805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-800-805","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction.. Currently, there are a large arsenal of technical means designed to protect information processed by electronic computing equipment from unauthorized access and additional sources of electromagnetic fields of the radio frequency range (RF EMF) in the workplace. However, in the available literature there is practically no data on the hygienic assessment of the electromagnetic environment when using active means of information protection.
 The purpose of the research is to conduct research and hygienic assessment of the electromagnetic environment in the workplace when using technical means of active information protection.
 Materials and methods. Regulatory documents, systems, and principles of information protection of computer equipment objects, technical characteristics and operating modes of devices were studied. EMF levels were measured in rooms and workplaces with personal computers (PCs) when using information security tools, EMF exposure parameters were determined. A hygienic assessment of the electromagnetic environment was carried out.
 Results. The intensity of RF EMF generated by electromagnetic noise generators in the workplace has been established to depend on such many factors as the type of device, the antenna used, its location, distance from the antenna, and others.
 Limitations. There are no limitations of the study.
 Conclusion. Active information protection devices are increasingly being used and there is an obvious need for monitoring and carrying out measures to protect personnel from the adverse effects of RF EMF, including clarifying hygiene standards, developing technical solutions, and creating domestic selective EMF measuring instruments.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135148708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-825-829
Arnold N. Fleishman, Anastasia V. Yamshchikova, Ilya D. Martynov, Stanislav A. Petrovskiy, Tatyana V. Korablina
Introduction. In modern conditions humans are exposed to the high level of stress that causes the gain in psychosomatic disorders. The problem of tolerance to increasing stress is becoming more and more urgent. The study of the possibilities of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex stimulation, which affects the mechanisms of autonomic regulation, is of clinical interest.
The aim of the study is to research the mechanisms of the resistance to increasing stress after transcranial magnetic stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the right hemisphere in young males engaged in mental work.
Materials and methods. Thirty four healthy male 20 to 22 years students were observed. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex projection at the F4 point in the electrode system marked “10–20” was carried out with an individually determined stimulus intensity in the amount of 300 stimuli with a frequency of 1 Hz. Autonomic effects were evaluated using spectral analysis of heart rate variability before and after stimulation. Seven-test was used as a stress test.
Results. The predominance of oscillations in the low frequency of heart rate variability, indicating sympathetic activation, was determined in the examined young men, engaged in mental labour. After stimulation of the prefrontal cortex, there was an increase in heart rate variability, to a greater extent very low frequency oscillations associated with the central mechanisms of parasympathetic activity. During the stress test, the increase in adaptive capabilities was manifested by a less pronounced decrease in heart rate variability in comparison to the reaction before stimulation. A model of the effect of stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on heart rate variability was proposed.
Limitations. The study is limited to the evaluation of spectral parameters of heart rate variability in 34 young healthy students before and after transcranial magnetic stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
Conclusion. Stimulation of the prefrontal cortex increased the adaptive capabilities of the body and can be used to increase stress resistance in people with intellectual work.
{"title":"Mechanisms of increasing stress tolerance during transcranial magnetic stimulation in people with intellectual work","authors":"Arnold N. Fleishman, Anastasia V. Yamshchikova, Ilya D. Martynov, Stanislav A. Petrovskiy, Tatyana V. Korablina","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-825-829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-825-829","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In modern conditions humans are exposed to the high level of stress that causes the gain in psychosomatic disorders. The problem of tolerance to increasing stress is becoming more and more urgent. The study of the possibilities of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex stimulation, which affects the mechanisms of autonomic regulation, is of clinical interest.
 The aim of the study is to research the mechanisms of the resistance to increasing stress after transcranial magnetic stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the right hemisphere in young males engaged in mental work. 
 Materials and methods. Thirty four healthy male 20 to 22 years students were observed. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex projection at the F4 point in the electrode system marked “10–20” was carried out with an individually determined stimulus intensity in the amount of 300 stimuli with a frequency of 1 Hz. Autonomic effects were evaluated using spectral analysis of heart rate variability before and after stimulation. Seven-test was used as a stress test.
 Results. The predominance of oscillations in the low frequency of heart rate variability, indicating sympathetic activation, was determined in the examined young men, engaged in mental labour. After stimulation of the prefrontal cortex, there was an increase in heart rate variability, to a greater extent very low frequency oscillations associated with the central mechanisms of parasympathetic activity. During the stress test, the increase in adaptive capabilities was manifested by a less pronounced decrease in heart rate variability in comparison to the reaction before stimulation. A model of the effect of stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on heart rate variability was proposed.
 Limitations. The study is limited to the evaluation of spectral parameters of heart rate variability in 34 young healthy students before and after transcranial magnetic stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
 Conclusion. Stimulation of the prefrontal cortex increased the adaptive capabilities of the body and can be used to increase stress resistance in people with intellectual work.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135149512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-796-799
Alexander O. Karelin, Olga E. Filipchick, Gennadiy B. Yeremin
Introduction. Among the occupational factors having a harmful effect on the body of airport ground staff, noise dominates, the levels of which may exceed normative values.
The purpose of the study. To assess the acoustic loads on airport ground staff when working on the platform of a modern airport.
Materials and methods. Noise measurements at the workplaces of airport ground staff of the profession “Duty “follow me” Driver” (hereinafter referred to as the Duty Driver) were carried out in accordance with GOST ISO 9612–2016. On the basis of the analysis of the working situation and the typical structure of the working day a measurement strategy based on the labour function was adopted. The CENTER 322 noise meter was used to measure the noise.
Results. The basic duration of the Duty Driver’s working shift is 10.5 hours and the effective duration of the working day in the sector of the installation of the aircraft (AC) at the parking place (PP) is 4 hours. It is revealed that the greatest noise load on the Duty Officer occurs at the time of coordination of the AC on PP. The main and basic sources of noise in this case are the working turbines of the aircraft. The maximum sound pressure levels depended on the type of aircraft and ranged from 91.2 dBA for the Boeing-747 to 111.0 dBA for the AN-26. The equivalent sound pressure level for a 10.5-hour working day was
92.3 ± 3.4 dBA, for the effective duration of the working day (4 hours) – 96.5 ± 3.4 dBA. The maximum sound levels for most brands of modern aircraft do not exceed the standard parameters. Equivalent sound pressure levels exceed the established standards by 12.3–16.5 dBA.
Limitations of the study. Since the Duty Driver was wearing a microphone on himself, there were uncertainties caused by the shielding and reflecting effects of the body.
Conclusion. Duty Drivers are exposed to noise exceeding hygienic standards. This makes it possible to attribute the workplace of the Duty Officers to the harmful class of working conditions 3.2 according to the acoustic factor and makes it necessary for them to use personal protective equipment against noise when working on the platform.
{"title":"Hygienic assessment of the acoustic load on airport ground staff during ground handling of aircrafts","authors":"Alexander O. Karelin, Olga E. Filipchick, Gennadiy B. Yeremin","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-796-799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-796-799","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Among the occupational factors having a harmful effect on the body of airport ground staff, noise dominates, the levels of which may exceed normative values. 
 The purpose of the study. To assess the acoustic loads on airport ground staff when working on the platform of a modern airport.
 Materials and methods. Noise measurements at the workplaces of airport ground staff of the profession “Duty “follow me” Driver” (hereinafter referred to as the Duty Driver) were carried out in accordance with GOST ISO 9612–2016. On the basis of the analysis of the working situation and the typical structure of the working day a measurement strategy based on the labour function was adopted. The CENTER 322 noise meter was used to measure the noise.
 Results. The basic duration of the Duty Driver’s working shift is 10.5 hours and the effective duration of the working day in the sector of the installation of the aircraft (AC) at the parking place (PP) is 4 hours. It is revealed that the greatest noise load on the Duty Officer occurs at the time of coordination of the AC on PP. The main and basic sources of noise in this case are the working turbines of the aircraft. The maximum sound pressure levels depended on the type of aircraft and ranged from 91.2 dBA for the Boeing-747 to 111.0 dBA for the AN-26. The equivalent sound pressure level for a 10.5-hour working day was 
 92.3 ± 3.4 dBA, for the effective duration of the working day (4 hours) – 96.5 ± 3.4 dBA. The maximum sound levels for most brands of modern aircraft do not exceed the standard parameters. Equivalent sound pressure levels exceed the established standards by 12.3–16.5 dBA.
 Limitations of the study. Since the Duty Driver was wearing a microphone on himself, there were uncertainties caused by the shielding and reflecting effects of the body.
 Conclusion. Duty Drivers are exposed to noise exceeding hygienic standards. This makes it possible to attribute the workplace of the Duty Officers to the harmful class of working conditions 3.2 according to the acoustic factor and makes it necessary for them to use personal protective equipment against noise when working on the platform.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135149513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-806-810
Alexander N. Nikanov, Valery P. Chashchin, Ekaterina V. Ulanovskaya, Andrey I. Zaichenko, Alena V. Shilnikovskaya, Andrey B. Gudkov, Olga N. Popova
Introduction. The introduction of new and modern methods of extracting metals from mineral ores in the metallurgical industry should be accompanied by an expert hygienic assessment of working conditions.
Materials and methods. The research was carried out at one of the metallurgical enterprises of the Murmansk region, which processes sulfide copper-nickel ores, produces electrolyte nickel, copper, cobalt, cobalt concentrate and precious metal concentrates. The characteristics of the air environment in the cobalt salt extraction department were carried out at the workplaces of hydrometallurgists based on the results of the analysis of fifty samples. Air samples were taken using individual samplers during 75.0% of the time of the work shift simultaneously at all three stages (sections) of cobalt salt extraction. The measurement of metals was performed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.
Results. Apparatchiks-hydrometallurgists body was estabished to be affected by a lot of harmful substances of complex composition, water-soluble and water-insoluble compounds of nickel and cobalt where the most significant. The content of water-soluble compounds of nickel and cobalt at all extraction sites of cobalt salts ranged from 0.0066–0.0236 mg/m3 and 0.0147–0.303 mg/m3, whereas water-insoluble – 0.0043–0.0150 mg/m3 and 0.002–0.0163 mg/ m3. The concentrations of copper, lead, cadmium compounds in the air of the working area did not exceed the MPC in all samples.
Limitations. The study is limited of 50 air samples of the working areas of the metallurgical operators of the cobalt salt extraction department.
Conclusion. Thus, modern methods of obtaining cobalt salts by extraction can pose a real threat to the health of workers in this production. The need to use correct models to assess and manage the risks of the harmful effects of water-soluble and water-insoluble metal compounds (nickel, cobalt) on human health requires the development of a special methodology for the implementation of hygienic regulation of their content in inhaled aerosol fractions of closed industrial premises.
{"title":"Characteristics of the air environment of the production premises 
 of the cobalt salts extraction unit","authors":"Alexander N. Nikanov, Valery P. Chashchin, Ekaterina V. Ulanovskaya, Andrey I. Zaichenko, Alena V. Shilnikovskaya, Andrey B. Gudkov, Olga N. Popova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-806-810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-806-810","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The introduction of new and modern methods of extracting metals from mineral ores in the metallurgical industry should be accompanied by an expert hygienic assessment of working conditions. 
 Materials and methods. The research was carried out at one of the metallurgical enterprises of the Murmansk region, which processes sulfide copper-nickel ores, produces electrolyte nickel, copper, cobalt, cobalt concentrate and precious metal concentrates. The characteristics of the air environment in the cobalt salt extraction department were carried out at the workplaces of hydrometallurgists based on the results of the analysis of fifty samples. Air samples were taken using individual samplers during 75.0% of the time of the work shift simultaneously at all three stages (sections) of cobalt salt extraction. The measurement of metals was performed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.
 Results. Apparatchiks-hydrometallurgists body was estabished to be affected by a lot of harmful substances of complex composition, water-soluble and water-insoluble compounds of nickel and cobalt where the most significant. The content of water-soluble compounds of nickel and cobalt at all extraction sites of cobalt salts ranged from 0.0066–0.0236 mg/m3 and 0.0147–0.303 mg/m3, whereas water-insoluble – 0.0043–0.0150 mg/m3 and 0.002–0.0163 mg/ m3. The concentrations of copper, lead, cadmium compounds in the air of the working area did not exceed the MPC in all samples.
 Limitations. The study is limited of 50 air samples of the working areas of the metallurgical operators of the cobalt salt extraction department.
 Conclusion. Thus, modern methods of obtaining cobalt salts by extraction can pose a real threat to the health of workers in this production. The need to use correct models to assess and manage the risks of the harmful effects of water-soluble and water-insoluble metal compounds (nickel, cobalt) on human health requires the development of a special methodology for the implementation of hygienic regulation of their content in inhaled aerosol fractions of closed industrial premises.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135148704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-817-824
Gennady A. Sorokin, Nikolay D. Chistyakov, Marina N. Kir’yanova, Irina D. Bulavina, Natalia N. Loginova
Introduction. For an integral quantitative assessment of working population health it is reasonable to use “the chance of being healthy” indicator.
Objective: The objective of the study is to establish regularities in age trends of “being healthy” chances among various occupational categories and jobs.
Materials and methods. Three thousand two hundred forty three healthcare, industrial enterprise and education workers were surveyed. The assessment criterion is the absence of any chronic cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, musculoskeletal, nervous, genitourinary and dermal system diseases. Chances of being healthy (ChH1) were calculated according to formula: ChH1 (%)= 100 • Ki /K, where: Ki is the number of people in i-age group, who have none of the above-mentioned chronic diseases, К is total number of persons examined in i-age group. Fatigue state duration, as “hours of fatigue per working week”, was used as a physiological equivalent of occupational load. Managing, psychological, hygienic, and non-occupational causes of fatigue and stress among workers were analyzed.
Results. The age trend in chances of being healthy in workers employed in three various occupational fields was studied. Regression models “Chances of being healthy – age” were designed for doctors and nurses, working males and females, workers and experts, heads. A change of ChH1 in workers of different age groups, different workloads, and depending on managing, psychological, hygienic, and non-occupational factors was reported.
Limitations. The study is limited to considering two indicators, characterizing the chances of being healthy and four groups of fatigue and stress causes (managing, psychological, hygienic, and non-occupational) among workers of three fields of activity: healthcare, industry, and education.
Conclusions. Three periods in the age trend of workers’ chances for being healthy, which differ in the level and rate of reducing chances: 20–39 years old,
40–69 y.o. and 70 and over y.o., are distinguished. The annual decrease of chances for being healthy is 1.17% in 25–45-aged healthcare workers, 1.19% in industrial workers, and 0.89% among university employees. The chances of being healthy depend on managing, psychological, hygienic, and non-occupational factors of fatigue and load. A criterion and a scale for assessing the age trend of being healthy chances for workers are suggested.
{"title":"Probability of health preservation among employees of industrial enterprises, healthcare and educational institutions","authors":"Gennady A. Sorokin, Nikolay D. Chistyakov, Marina N. Kir’yanova, Irina D. Bulavina, Natalia N. Loginova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-817-824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-817-824","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. For an integral quantitative assessment of working population health it is reasonable to use “the chance of being healthy” indicator.
 Objective: The objective of the study is to establish regularities in age trends of “being healthy” chances among various occupational categories and jobs.
 Materials and methods. Three thousand two hundred forty three healthcare, industrial enterprise and education workers were surveyed. The assessment criterion is the absence of any chronic cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, musculoskeletal, nervous, genitourinary and dermal system diseases. Chances of being healthy (ChH1) were calculated according to formula: ChH1 (%)= 100 • Ki /K, where: Ki is the number of people in i-age group, who have none of the above-mentioned chronic diseases, К is total number of persons examined in i-age group. Fatigue state duration, as “hours of fatigue per working week”, was used as a physiological equivalent of occupational load. Managing, psychological, hygienic, and non-occupational causes of fatigue and stress among workers were analyzed.
 Results. The age trend in chances of being healthy in workers employed in three various occupational fields was studied. Regression models “Chances of being healthy – age” were designed for doctors and nurses, working males and females, workers and experts, heads. A change of ChH1 in workers of different age groups, different workloads, and depending on managing, psychological, hygienic, and non-occupational factors was reported. 
 Limitations. The study is limited to considering two indicators, characterizing the chances of being healthy and four groups of fatigue and stress causes (managing, psychological, hygienic, and non-occupational) among workers of three fields of activity: healthcare, industry, and education.
 Conclusions. Three periods in the age trend of workers’ chances for being healthy, which differ in the level and rate of reducing chances: 20–39 years old, 
 40–69 y.o. and 70 and over y.o., are distinguished. The annual decrease of chances for being healthy is 1.17% in 25–45-aged healthcare workers, 1.19% in industrial workers, and 0.89% among university employees. The chances of being healthy depend on managing, psychological, hygienic, and non-occupational factors of fatigue and load. A criterion and a scale for assessing the age trend of being healthy chances for workers are suggested.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135149515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-861-867
Vladimir P. Plekhanov, Marina N. Kir’yanova, Olga L. Markova
Introduction. A significant variety of exposure to harmful production factors of the welding process makes it difficult to assess the risk to the health of workers. Health risk assessment is an urgent task for the prevention of occupational and work-related diseases in welders.
Objective. The objective of the work is to assess the health risk based on data on the incidence in welders at a modern industrial enterprise with varying intensity of exposure to factors of the working environment and the labour process.
Materials and methods. Hygienic studies of the factors of the working environment and health risk assessment were carried out on the basis of 4 workshops of a large enterprise in 2007–2016.
Results. Priority classes of diseases according to ICD-10 in welders and locksmiths at a large industrial enterprise have been established. The calculation and assessment of the relative health risk were carried out according to the data of the medical and sanitary part of the enterprise on the temporary disability of employees, depending on age and work experience.
Limitations. The study is limited to a retrospective risk assessment based on data from the electronic database of the enterprise for a 10-year period, taking into account cases of the disease according to ICD-10 in workers of two occupational groups exposed to welding aerosol to varying degrees.
Conclusions. Health risk assessment for several forms of diseases can be a sensitive and informative indicator under conditions of varying intensity of exposure to production factors.
{"title":"Health risk assessment for welders (retrospective study)","authors":"Vladimir P. Plekhanov, Marina N. Kir’yanova, Olga L. Markova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-861-867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-861-867","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. A significant variety of exposure to harmful production factors of the welding process makes it difficult to assess the risk to the health of workers. Health risk assessment is an urgent task for the prevention of occupational and work-related diseases in welders.
 Objective. The objective of the work is to assess the health risk based on data on the incidence in welders at a modern industrial enterprise with varying intensity of exposure to factors of the working environment and the labour process.
 Materials and methods. Hygienic studies of the factors of the working environment and health risk assessment were carried out on the basis of 4 workshops of a large enterprise in 2007–2016. 
 Results. Priority classes of diseases according to ICD-10 in welders and locksmiths at a large industrial enterprise have been established. The calculation and assessment of the relative health risk were carried out according to the data of the medical and sanitary part of the enterprise on the temporary disability of employees, depending on age and work experience.
 Limitations. The study is limited to a retrospective risk assessment based on data from the electronic database of the enterprise for a 10-year period, taking into account cases of the disease according to ICD-10 in workers of two occupational groups exposed to welding aerosol to varying degrees.
 Conclusions. Health risk assessment for several forms of diseases can be a sensitive and informative indicator under conditions of varying intensity of exposure to production factors.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135149645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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