Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-624-631
L. Khripach, T. D. Knyazeva, Z. I. Koganova, Evgeniia V. Zheleznyak, Anzhelika V. Zagaynova
Introduction. Oxidative stress is non-specific reaction of human organism in response to various damaging factors, including climatic. The purpose of the study. To compare markers of oxidative stress and corresponding age dependences in blood samples of indigenous (evolutionarily adapted) and newcomer inhabitants of the Arctic zone of Yakutia. Materials and methods. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde content (MDA) were determined in blood lysates of indigenous (n=100) and newcomers (n=37) residents of Chokurdakh and Tiksi settlements. The compared subsamples did not differ in age (medians 34 and 37 years, p=0.407). Results. No significant differences were found between newcomers and natives in terms of SOD, CAT and MDA content in the blood. The GPx activity of newcomers was 1.2 times higher than that of the natives (27.8 [22.4; 32.0] and 23.4 [19.2; 29.4] U/g Hb, p=0.042), but rapidly decreased with age (R= –0.549; p=0.001) in parallel with the increase in MDA content (R=0.420; p=0.01), whereas the indigenous people had no age-related changes in GPx and MDA. Limitations. Associated with a comparatively modest sample size (137 persons). Conclusion. According to modern gerontology, age-related trends in enzyme activity arise due to changes in regulation of corresponding genes and reflect the rate of aging of the population. So it can be assumed that our data, which show accelerated aging of Arctic alien inhabitants compared to the indigenous ones, can be explained by genetic polymorphism of GPx1 transcription factors.
{"title":"Indicators of oxidative stress in blood samples of indigenous residents and newcomers in the Arctic zone of Yakutia","authors":"L. Khripach, T. D. Knyazeva, Z. I. Koganova, Evgeniia V. Zheleznyak, Anzhelika V. Zagaynova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-624-631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-624-631","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Oxidative stress is non-specific reaction of human organism in response to various damaging factors, including climatic. \u0000The purpose of the study. To compare markers of oxidative stress and corresponding age dependences in blood samples of indigenous (evolutionarily adapted) and newcomer inhabitants of the Arctic zone of Yakutia. \u0000Materials and methods. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde content (MDA) were determined in blood lysates of indigenous (n=100) and newcomers (n=37) residents of Chokurdakh and Tiksi settlements. The compared subsamples did not differ in age (medians 34 and 37 years, p=0.407). \u0000Results. No significant differences were found between newcomers and natives in terms of SOD, CAT and MDA content in the blood. The GPx activity of newcomers was 1.2 times higher than that of the natives (27.8 [22.4; 32.0] and 23.4 [19.2; 29.4] U/g Hb, p=0.042), but rapidly decreased with age (R= –0.549; p=0.001) \u0000in parallel with the increase in MDA content (R=0.420; p=0.01), whereas the indigenous people had no age-related changes in GPx and MDA. \u0000Limitations. Associated with a comparatively modest sample size (137 persons). \u0000Conclusion. According to modern gerontology, age-related trends in enzyme activity arise due to changes in regulation of corresponding genes and reflect the rate of aging of the population. So it can be assumed that our data, which show accelerated aging of Arctic alien inhabitants compared to the indigenous ones, can be explained by genetic polymorphism of GPx1 transcription factors.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47932153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-700-705
M. S. Bugaeva, A. S. Kazitskaya, T. K. Yadykina, A. G. Zhukova, N. Mikhailova
Introduction. Traditionally, the main manifestation of chronic fluoride intoxication is the damage to the skeletal system, while during recent years a large amount of works has been accumulated on the study of the mechanism of action of both fluorine and its compounds on non-skeletal tissues. Based on the analysis of the Russian Science Citation Index, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, Google Scholar, CyberLeninka databases, a review of contemporary concepts of morphological changes in organs and systems under the conditions of long-term exposure to fluorine compounds is presented. Effect of fluorine on the musculoskeletal system. Fluorine Ihas been shown to induce differentiation and apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, leading to various skeletal injuries. Active osteogenesis and accelerated bone metabolism are key processes in the progression of skeletal fluorosis and the pathological base of the diversity of osteogenic lesions. Effect of fluorine on non-skeletal tissues. Data on the effect of fluorine on the induction of free radical oxidation in the cerebral cortex, redistribution, and damage to nerve cells are presented. Activation of apoptosis, oxidative stress, and a decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes under the influence of sodium fluoride in the heart muscle are shown, data on the development of functional and structural disorders in the myocardium are given. Due to fluoride intoxication, the formation of degenerative and inflammatory changes in the respiratory system, liver, and kidneys, structural disorders and dysfunction of the thyroid gland, as well as an increase in the level of reactive oxygen species and the induction of apoptosis in these organs are shown. Data on the effect of sodium fluoride on the histological structure of the reproductive organs with a decrease in sperm motility, lack of differentiation and maturation of spermatocytes, intensification of free radical oxidation and cell apoptosis are presented. Conclusion. The analysis carried out allows expanding the understanding of the pathogenetic bases of morphological changes and functional failure of organs and tissues under the conditions of chronic fluoride intoxication, to substantiate a systemic, integrated approach to its treatment and prevention.
介绍。传统上，慢性氟中毒的主要表现为骨骼系统的损伤，近年来，氟及其化合物对非骨骼组织的作用机制的研究已经积累了大量的工作。通过对俄罗斯科学引文索引、PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science、MedLine、谷歌Scholar、CyberLeninka等数据库的分析，综述了长期暴露于氟化合物条件下器官和系统形态变化的当代概念。氟对肌肉骨骼系统的影响。氟已被证明可诱导成骨细胞和破骨细胞分化和凋亡，导致各种骨骼损伤。活跃的成骨和加速的骨代谢是氟骨症进展的关键过程，也是成骨病变多样性的病理基础。氟对非骨骼组织的影响。关于氟对诱导大脑皮层自由基氧化、再分布和神经细胞损伤的影响的数据被提出。在氟化钠的影响下，心肌细胞凋亡的激活、氧化应激和抗氧化酶活性的降低被显示出来，并给出了心肌功能和结构紊乱发展的数据。氟中毒可导致呼吸系统、肝脏和肾脏出现退行性和炎症性改变，甲状腺结构紊乱和功能障碍，这些器官的活性氧水平升高并诱导细胞凋亡。本文介绍了氟化钠对生殖器官组织结构的影响，包括精子活力降低、精母细胞分化和成熟不足、自由基氧化加剧和细胞凋亡。结论。进行的分析可以扩大对慢性氟化物中毒条件下器官和组织形态变化和功能衰竭的发病基础的理解，为其治疗和预防提供系统、综合的方法。
{"title":"Pathogenesis of morphological changes in organs and tissues in chronic fluoride intoxication (literature review)","authors":"M. S. Bugaeva, A. S. Kazitskaya, T. K. Yadykina, A. G. Zhukova, N. Mikhailova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-700-705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-700-705","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Traditionally, the main manifestation of chronic fluoride intoxication is the damage to the skeletal system, while during recent years a large amount of works has been accumulated on the study of the mechanism of action of both fluorine and its compounds on non-skeletal tissues. Based on the analysis of the Russian Science Citation Index, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, Google Scholar, CyberLeninka databases, a review of contemporary concepts of morphological changes in organs and systems under the conditions of long-term exposure to fluorine compounds is presented. \u0000Effect of fluorine on the musculoskeletal system. Fluorine Ihas been shown to induce differentiation and apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, leading to various skeletal injuries. Active osteogenesis and accelerated bone metabolism are key processes in the progression of skeletal fluorosis and the pathological base of the diversity of osteogenic lesions. \u0000Effect of fluorine on non-skeletal tissues. Data on the effect of fluorine on the induction of free radical oxidation in the cerebral cortex, redistribution, and damage to nerve cells are presented. Activation of apoptosis, oxidative stress, and a decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes under the influence of sodium fluoride in the heart muscle are shown, data on the development of functional and structural disorders in the myocardium are given. Due to fluoride intoxication, the formation of degenerative and inflammatory changes in the respiratory system, liver, and kidneys, structural disorders and dysfunction of the thyroid gland, as well as an increase in the level of reactive oxygen species and the induction of apoptosis in these organs are shown. Data on the effect of sodium fluoride on the histological structure of the reproductive organs with a decrease in sperm motility, lack of differentiation and maturation of spermatocytes, intensification of free radical oxidation and cell apoptosis are presented. \u0000Conclusion. The analysis carried out allows expanding the understanding of the pathogenetic bases of morphological changes and functional failure of organs and tissues under the conditions of chronic fluoride intoxication, to substantiate a systemic, integrated approach to its treatment and prevention.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43152943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-648-652
V. Vokina, L. Sosedova, M. A. Novikov, E. Andreeva, E. Titov, V. Rukavishnikov, M. Savchenkov
Introduction. The regular occurrence of large-scale peat fires is an urgent medical and environmental problem of the modern scientific community. The peat smoke is a complex mixture of pollutants that have a serious impact on air quality and public health. Materials and methods. Adult male rats were exposed to peat smoke for 24 hours, the concentrations of PM2.5 and CO were 0.92±0.08 mg/m3 and 40.8±1.9 mg/m3, respectively. After exposure an open field examination, EEG examination and histological analysis of the testes and brain were performed, after which they were mated with intact females. Postnatal death of offspring in the first week of life, body weight, behaviour and electroencephalography indicators during puberty were evaluated. Results. There was showed an increase in motor activity, anxiety, and violation of EEG indicators in rat males exposed to peat smoke. Both an increase in shadow cells and degeneratively altered neurons in the nervous tissue were found. No changes were detected in the testes. Exposure to peat smoke during conception increased stillbirth and mortality of offspring during the first week of life, but did not affect weight gain. Violation of behaviour structure was recorded only in females offspring. An increase in slow-wave activity of the brain in males offspring was revealed. Limitations. The study was limited to studying the effects of a single 24-hour exposure to peat smoke on outbred white rats. Conclusion. A single peat smoke exposure for 24 hours at a concentration of PM2.5=0.92±0.08 mg/m3 and CO=40.8±1.9 mg/m3 leads to significant morphological and functional changes in the CNS. In the absence of a gonadotoxic effect, peat smoke exposure on males before mating causes specific changes in the behavior and bioelectrical activity of the brain of their offspring.
{"title":"Effects of daily exposure to peat smoke on the reproductive and nervous systems in male white rats","authors":"V. Vokina, L. Sosedova, M. A. Novikov, E. Andreeva, E. Titov, V. Rukavishnikov, M. Savchenkov","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-648-652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-648-652","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The regular occurrence of large-scale peat fires is an urgent medical and environmental problem of the modern scientific community. The peat smoke is a complex mixture of pollutants that have a serious impact on air quality and public health. \u0000Materials and methods. Adult male rats were exposed to peat smoke for 24 hours, the concentrations of PM2.5 and CO were 0.92±0.08 mg/m3 and 40.8±1.9 mg/m3, respectively. After exposure an open field examination, EEG examination and histological analysis of the testes and brain were performed, after which they were mated with intact females. Postnatal death of offspring in the first week of life, body weight, behaviour and electroencephalography indicators during puberty were evaluated. \u0000Results. There was showed an increase in motor activity, anxiety, and violation of EEG indicators in rat males exposed to peat smoke. Both an increase in shadow cells and degeneratively altered neurons in the nervous tissue were found. No changes were detected in the testes. Exposure to peat smoke during conception increased stillbirth and mortality of offspring during the first week of life, but did not affect weight gain. Violation of behaviour structure was recorded only in females offspring. An increase in slow-wave activity of the brain in males offspring was revealed. \u0000Limitations. The study was limited to studying the effects of a single 24-hour exposure to peat smoke on outbred white rats. \u0000Conclusion. A single peat smoke exposure for 24 hours at a concentration of PM2.5=0.92±0.08 mg/m3 and CO=40.8±1.9 mg/m3 leads to significant morphological and functional changes in the CNS. In the absence of a gonadotoxic effect, peat smoke exposure on males before mating causes specific changes in the behavior and bioelectrical activity of the brain of their offspring.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43503334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-670-674
A. G. Zhukova, A. S. Kazitskaya, T. K. Yadykina, T. D. Logunova
Introduction. Long-term exposure to coal-rock dust on the body causes the development of systemic inflammation, one of the development mechanisms of which is an increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines as follows: TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6. The development and course of occupational pathology were shown to depend on the individual characteristics of the body of those who works in hazardous conditions. In this regard, it is necessary to establish the significance of the polymorphism of the TNF-α and TNFRSF1α genes in the development of dust lung pathology in workers of the main occupations of the mines in the South of Kuzbass. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of polymorphic variants of the TNF-α (rs1800629) and TNFRSF1α (rs4149584) genes in miners with dust lung pathology. Materials and methods. A survey of one hundred twenty seven miners working for a long time in the mines of the south of Kuzbass was carried out. Of these: 69 miners with prolonged exposure to high concentrations of coal-rock dust with a previously proven diagnosis of dust lung pathology, 58 miners without a proven diagnosis of dust lung pathology working in the same sanitary and hygienic conditions (control). The typing of the TNF-α (rs1800629) and TNFRSF1α (rs4149584) genes was carried out using the Real-Time method. Results. The GG rs1800629 TNF-α genotype were shown to be a potent molecular genetic marker of the risk of developing dust lung pathology, the chance of detecting it in the group of the miners with dust pathology is almost 4 times higher than in the control group. The carriage of the A allele and the heterozygous AG rs1800629 TNF-α genotype reduce the probability of developing dust lung pathology. It has been established that the GG rs4149584 TNFRSF1α genotype can be a molecular and genetic marker of the risk of developing dust lung pathology, the chance of detecting it in the group of the miners with dust pathology is 2.6 times higher than in the control group. Limitations. The study was limited by relatively small size of the groups under study. Conclusion. The carriage of homozygous GG genotypes of the rs1800629 and rs4149584 polymorphic loci of the TNF-α and TNFRSF1α genes, respectively, is associated with the risk of developing dust lung pathology in miners in the South of Kuzbass. The carriage of the A allele and the heterozygous AG rs1800629 TNF-α genotype reduce the probability of developing dust lung pathology.
{"title":"Distribution of polymorphic variants of the TNF-α and TNFRSF1α genes in miners with dust lung pathology","authors":"A. G. Zhukova, A. S. Kazitskaya, T. K. Yadykina, T. D. Logunova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-670-674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-670-674","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Long-term exposure to coal-rock dust on the body causes the development of systemic inflammation, one of the development mechanisms of which is an increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines as follows: TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6. The development and course of occupational pathology were shown to depend on the individual characteristics of the body of those who works in hazardous conditions. In this regard, it is necessary to establish the significance of the polymorphism of the TNF-α and TNFRSF1α genes in the development of dust lung pathology in workers of the main occupations of the mines in the South of Kuzbass. \u0000The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of polymorphic variants of the TNF-α (rs1800629) and TNFRSF1α (rs4149584) genes in miners with dust lung pathology. \u0000Materials and methods. A survey of one hundred twenty seven miners working for a long time in the mines of the south of Kuzbass was carried out. Of these: \u000069 miners with prolonged exposure to high concentrations of coal-rock dust with a previously proven diagnosis of dust lung pathology, 58 miners without a proven diagnosis of dust lung pathology working in the same sanitary and hygienic conditions (control). The typing of the TNF-α (rs1800629) and TNFRSF1α (rs4149584) genes was carried out using the Real-Time method. \u0000Results. The GG rs1800629 TNF-α genotype were shown to be a potent molecular genetic marker of the risk of developing dust lung pathology, the chance of detecting it in the group of the miners with dust pathology is almost 4 times higher than in the control group. The carriage of the A allele and the heterozygous AG rs1800629 TNF-α genotype reduce the probability of developing dust lung pathology. It has been established that the GG rs4149584 TNFRSF1α genotype can be a molecular and genetic marker of the risk of developing dust lung pathology, the chance of detecting it in the group of the miners with dust pathology is 2.6 times higher than in the control group. \u0000Limitations. The study was limited by relatively small size of the groups under study. \u0000Conclusion. The carriage of homozygous GG genotypes of the rs1800629 and rs4149584 polymorphic loci of the TNF-α and TNFRSF1α genes, respectively, is associated with the risk of developing dust lung pathology in miners in the South of Kuzbass. The carriage of the A allele and the heterozygous AG rs1800629 TNF-α genotype reduce the probability of developing dust lung pathology.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46521688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-695-699
A. V. Yamshchikova, A. Fleishman, I. Martynov, Tatiana A. Bychkovskaya, A. A. Kungurova
Introduction. The study of the methods for non-pharmacological correction of vibration polyneuropathy is relevant in view of the high prevalence of vibration disease in various industries, and high occurrence of disability of workers. Ischemic preconditioning has shown its effectiveness in correcting the manifestations of vibration polyneuropathies. The high frequency of nerve compression in tunnels against the background of polyneuropathic lesions in vibration disease dictates the need to study the effectiveness of the method in various forms of vibration polyneuropathy. The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of ischemic preconditioning in various forms of vibration polyneuropathy. Materials and methods. Twenty nine patients with a proven diagnosis of vibration disease were examined and treated uisng the ischemic preconditioning. They were divided into 2 groups: group 1 – 18 individuals with upper extremities polyneuropathy without nerve compression, group 2 – 11 subjects with compression complications of polyneuropathy. The examinations included neurological survey, electroneuromyographic investigation before and after the course of ischemic preconditioning conducted according to a patented technique. Results. A decrease in sensory disturbances and improvement in the impulse conduction along the sensory fibers of the nerves of the upper extremities after a course of ischemic preconditioning in the group of the patients without compression neuropathies were noted. In the group of the patients with polyneuropathies complicated by the nerve compression in tunnels, the positive effect was less significant. Limitations. The study was limited by the assessment of clinical and electroneuromyographic parameters in 29 patients with vibration disease due to the exposure to local vibration before and after the course of ischemic preconditioning. Conclusion. The method of ischemic preconditioning is effective as a method for non-pharmacological correction of vibration polyneuropathy. Compression neuropathies are predictors of lower efficiency of the method, and therefore it is important to select patients for the treatment by this method with the preferred inclusion of the patients with uncomplicated vibration polyneuropathies.
{"title":"Features of the use of ischemic preconditioning for the correction of vibration polyneuropathy of the upper extremities","authors":"A. V. Yamshchikova, A. Fleishman, I. Martynov, Tatiana A. Bychkovskaya, A. A. Kungurova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-695-699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-695-699","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The study of the methods for non-pharmacological correction of vibration polyneuropathy is relevant in view of the high prevalence of vibration disease in various industries, and high occurrence of disability of workers. Ischemic preconditioning has shown its effectiveness in correcting the manifestations of vibration polyneuropathies. The high frequency of nerve compression in tunnels against the background of polyneuropathic lesions in vibration disease dictates the need to study the effectiveness of the method in various forms of vibration polyneuropathy. \u0000The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of ischemic preconditioning in various forms of vibration polyneuropathy. \u0000Materials and methods. Twenty nine patients with a proven diagnosis of vibration disease were examined and treated uisng the ischemic preconditioning. They were divided into 2 groups: group 1 – 18 individuals with upper extremities polyneuropathy without nerve compression, group 2 – 11 subjects with compression complications of polyneuropathy. The examinations included neurological survey, electroneuromyographic investigation before and after the course of ischemic preconditioning conducted according to a patented technique. \u0000Results. A decrease in sensory disturbances and improvement in the impulse conduction along the sensory fibers of the nerves of the upper extremities after a course of ischemic preconditioning in the group of the patients without compression neuropathies were noted. In the group of the patients with polyneuropathies complicated by the nerve compression in tunnels, the positive effect was less significant. \u0000Limitations. The study was limited by the assessment of clinical and electroneuromyographic parameters in 29 patients with vibration disease due to the exposure to local vibration before and after the course of ischemic preconditioning. \u0000Conclusion. The method of ischemic preconditioning is effective as a method for non-pharmacological correction of vibration polyneuropathy. Compression neuropathies are predictors of lower efficiency of the method, and therefore it is important to select patients for the treatment by this method with the preferred inclusion of the patients with uncomplicated vibration polyneuropathies.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48915350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-632-638
N. Kalinina, A. V. Zagainova, S. Yudin, E. B. Gaponova, I. M. Banin
The paper presents the results of a comprehensive hygienic assessment of the fungal contamination of the internal environment of the premises of residential and public buildings and developed proposals for the methodology for conducting mycological examination of indoor air and building structures. Materials and methods. The objects of research were urban atmospheric air, residential apartments, and office premises with and without fungal infection of wall structures, medical premises for various purposes. The studies included determination of the number of microscopic fungi in 1 m3 of air (CFU/m3); determination of the content of viable fungal flora in scrapings and in swabs from places suspected of having a fungal infection; measurements of humidity of enclosing structures and microclimatic parameters of the indoor air environment; evaluation of the ventilation system. Results. The concentration of microscopic fungi in indoor air without fungal infection of wall structures was shown to depend on fungal pollution of atmospheric air. The peak of fungal air pollution in unaffected rooms and the ambient air, was detected over the spring-summer season. In residential apartments and office premises of public buildings with fungal infection of wall structures, the content of microscopic fungi in the air, regardless of the season, was tens and hundreds of times higher than the content of fungal flora in the air of “healthy” premises and in the atmospheric air. Fungal air pollution in residential and office premises is mainly associated with fungi of the Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium and Rizopus genera in wards, treatment and diagnostic rooms – yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida. Limitations. The results of the study do not apply to the production facilities of biological industry enterprises, livestock and poultry complexes. Conclusion. The necessity of conducting a mycological examination of premises has been substantiated, and a draft of methodological recommendations for conducting mycological examinations of indoor air and building structures has been developed.
{"title":"Hygienic assessment of mycological contamination of the internal environment of residential and public buildings","authors":"N. Kalinina, A. V. Zagainova, S. Yudin, E. B. Gaponova, I. M. Banin","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-632-638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-632-638","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of a comprehensive hygienic assessment of the fungal contamination of the internal environment of the premises of residential and public buildings and developed proposals for the methodology for conducting mycological examination of indoor air and building structures. \u0000Materials and methods. The objects of research were urban atmospheric air, residential apartments, and office premises with and without fungal infection of wall structures, medical premises for various purposes. The studies included determination of the number of microscopic fungi in 1 m3 of air (CFU/m3); determination of the content of viable fungal flora in scrapings and in swabs from places suspected of having a fungal infection; measurements of humidity of enclosing structures and microclimatic parameters of the indoor air environment; evaluation of the ventilation system. \u0000Results. The concentration of microscopic fungi in indoor air without fungal infection of wall structures was shown to depend on fungal pollution of atmospheric air. The peak of fungal air pollution in unaffected rooms and the ambient air, was detected over the spring-summer season. In residential apartments and office premises of public buildings with fungal infection of wall structures, the content of microscopic fungi in the air, regardless of the season, was tens and hundreds of times higher than the content of fungal flora in the air of “healthy” premises and in the atmospheric air. Fungal air pollution in residential and office premises is mainly associated with fungi of the Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium and Rizopus genera in wards, treatment and diagnostic rooms – yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida. \u0000Limitations. The results of the study do not apply to the production facilities of biological industry enterprises, livestock and poultry complexes. \u0000Conclusion. The necessity of conducting a mycological examination of premises has been substantiated, and a draft of methodological recommendations for conducting mycological examinations of indoor air and building structures has been developed.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49583778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-720-725
I. G. Shelomentsev, Lev A. Amromin, D. Shaikhova, M. Sutunkova, I. Minigalieva
Introduction. Both naturally occurring and artificially produced nanoparticles are ubiquitous; their high concentrations can be detected in the environment, thus posing risks of toxic effects in humans. Penetrating the blood-brain barrier by metal nanoparticles has been already proven and is currently of interest from the point of view of toxicology and hygiene. Materials and methods. Female rats were exposed to ferric oxide nanoparticles administered intranasally with a 25 mg/ml suspension at a dose of 50 µl three times a week during six weeks. The experimental and control groups contained seven animals each. Tissue samples for testing were taken from the olfactory bulbs of the rat’s brain. Iron (III) oxide nanoparticles were identified by electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The cytotoxic effect of ferric oxide nanoparticles was assessed by ranking mitochondria by mitochondrial membrane morphotypes and comparing their distribution in the experimental and control groups. Results. We confirmed the presence of nanoparticles in tissues of the olfactory bulbs of the exposed rodents. The morphotype pattern of mitochondria showed significant changes following the exposure to ferric oxide nanoparticles: the proportion of mitochondria with normal and vesicular swollen morphotypes decreased by 36.4 and 4.9%, respectively, compared with the control group of animals, the proportion of mitochondria with normal vesicular and vesicular morphotypes increased by 19.8 and 21.8%, while the proportion of vesicular swollen mitochondria decreased from 9.5% to 4.6%. Limitations. The study was limited to examining ultrastructural changes in mitochondria and identifying ferric oxide nanoparticles in tissues. Conclusions. Further studies of the impact of iron-containing nanoparticles on the structure and functions of the mitochondrial apparatus can help to identify their potential harm at the subcellular level and provide information for the development of appropriate health protective measures and new strategies for prevention and treatment of metal toxicity-induced diseases in humans.
{"title":"Assessment of the neurotoxic effect of iron (III) oxide nanoparticles at the subcellular level","authors":"I. G. Shelomentsev, Lev A. Amromin, D. Shaikhova, M. Sutunkova, I. Minigalieva","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-720-725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-720-725","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Both naturally occurring and artificially produced nanoparticles are ubiquitous; their high concentrations can be detected in the environment, thus posing risks of toxic effects in humans. Penetrating the blood-brain barrier by metal nanoparticles has been already proven and is currently of interest from the point of view of toxicology and hygiene. \u0000Materials and methods. Female rats were exposed to ferric oxide nanoparticles administered intranasally with a 25 mg/ml suspension at a dose of 50 µl three times a week during six weeks. The experimental and control groups contained seven animals each. Tissue samples for testing were taken from the olfactory bulbs of the rat’s brain. Iron (III) oxide nanoparticles were identified by electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The cytotoxic effect of ferric oxide nanoparticles was assessed by ranking mitochondria by mitochondrial membrane morphotypes and comparing their distribution in the experimental and control groups. \u0000Results. We confirmed the presence of nanoparticles in tissues of the olfactory bulbs of the exposed rodents. The morphotype pattern of mitochondria showed significant changes following the exposure to ferric oxide nanoparticles: the proportion of mitochondria with normal and vesicular swollen morphotypes decreased by 36.4 and 4.9%, respectively, compared with the control group of animals, the proportion of mitochondria with normal vesicular and vesicular morphotypes increased by 19.8 and 21.8%, while the proportion of vesicular swollen mitochondria decreased from 9.5% to 4.6%. \u0000Limitations. The study was limited to examining ultrastructural changes in mitochondria and identifying ferric oxide nanoparticles in tissues. \u0000Conclusions. Further studies of the impact of iron-containing nanoparticles on the structure and functions of the mitochondrial apparatus can help to identify their potential harm at the subcellular level and provide information for the development of appropriate health protective measures and new strategies for prevention and treatment of metal toxicity-induced diseases in humans.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45543696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-30DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-544-548
Y. Novikova, N. Tikhonova, V. Fedorov, O. Kopytenkova, I. O. Myasnikov, Olga S. Alenteva, K. B. Friedman
Introduction. The results of systematic drinking water quality laboratory tests are the most informative sources. Recommendations on the managing of drinking water quality monitoring were developed in 2020. The purpose of the study was to substantiate methodological approaches to updating drinking water quality monitoring programs. Materials and methods. The results of drinking water quality laboratory tests in the Murmansk region, conducted in 2021 in accordance with the monitoring program, were used. The results were analyzed for compliance with the recommendations of the drinking water quality monitoring program. An assessment of the compliance of the results of laboratory studies with hygienic standards and public health risk. Results. In Monchegorsk, the drinking water quality was studied at nine control points according to sanitary-chemical, microbiological, and parasitological indicators. The multiplicity of studies per year ranged from 1 to 12 studies. The quality of drinking water in Monchegorsk corresponded to hygienic standards, with the exception of single excesses in the content of chlorine residual free and colour. Limitations. When conducting the study, the results of the monitoring were used only for 2021, the results of drinking water quality production control were not taken into account. Conclusion. To carry out an objective drinking water quality assessment, it is necessary to update the existing programs of monitoring its quality in the settlements of the Murmansk region carried out within the framework of the social hygienic monitoring (SHM). The authors propose an algorithm for updating monitoring programs
{"title":"Scientific substantiation to updating drinking water quality monitoring programs","authors":"Y. Novikova, N. Tikhonova, V. Fedorov, O. Kopytenkova, I. O. Myasnikov, Olga S. Alenteva, K. B. Friedman","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-544-548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-544-548","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The results of systematic drinking water quality laboratory tests are the most informative sources. Recommendations on the managing of drinking water quality monitoring were developed in 2020. \u0000The purpose of the study was to substantiate methodological approaches to updating drinking water quality monitoring programs. \u0000Materials and methods. The results of drinking water quality laboratory tests in the Murmansk region, conducted in 2021 in accordance with the monitoring program, were used. The results were analyzed for compliance with the recommendations of the drinking water quality monitoring program. An assessment of the compliance of the results of laboratory studies with hygienic standards and public health risk. \u0000Results. In Monchegorsk, the drinking water quality was studied at nine control points according to sanitary-chemical, microbiological, and parasitological indicators. The multiplicity of studies per year ranged from 1 to 12 studies. The quality of drinking water in Monchegorsk corresponded to hygienic standards, with the exception of single excesses in the content of chlorine residual free and colour. \u0000Limitations. When conducting the study, the results of the monitoring were used only for 2021, the results of drinking water quality production control were not taken into account. \u0000Conclusion. To carry out an objective drinking water quality assessment, it is necessary to update the existing programs of monitoring its quality in the settlements of the Murmansk region carried out within the framework of the social hygienic monitoring (SHM). The authors propose an algorithm for updating monitoring programs","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42220108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-30DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-573-579
T. V. Temaev, Irina V. Temaeva, A. D. Trubetskov, Nataliia E. Komleva, Darya A. Chuslyaeva
Introduction. In this article, on the basis of quantitative and qualitative research methods, the emotional burnout of day-care assistants and speech therapists of municipal preschool educational institutions was studied. In recent years, there has been an increase in the importance of the psycho-emotional component of the professional portrait of an employee of preschool educational institutions. The content of pedagogical professional activity includes many factors that provoke the emergence of professional deformation of a specialist. Materials and methods. Emotional burnout (according to the method of K. Maslach and S. Jackson in the adaptation of N. Vodopyanova) and the working capacity index (WAI) were studied in day-care assistants and speech therapists working in preschool educational institutions, as part of a cross-sectional study, in-depth interviewing was conducted. The SPSS 23 software package was used for statistical analysis. Results. Day-care assistants and speech therapists of preschool educational institutions, who have a long work experience, have fully realized and adapted to their profession and do not note emotional and psychological overloads. The results of a qualitative study indicate the dominance of subject-object (educator – child) relationships within the framework of preschool education, the presence of a complex psychological space (preschool is visited by children with various psychophysiological, emotional, behavioral characteristics), the settling of negative emotions inside the personal space of the educator and the speech therapist teacher and, as a consequence, the inability to dispose of them (personal psychotherapy, supervision, professional intervention) without negative consequences. Limitations. The study has professional (day-care assistants, speech therapists) limitations. Conclusion. These results suggest the problem of emotional burnout to be quite deep and not realized by teachers and day-care assitants. The resources of quantitative research methods for educators and speech therapists of preschool education on the topic of professional burnout and deformation were shown to be significantly limited and fail to allow achieving objective results, which requires the development of new approaches to assessing teachers’ emotional burnout.
{"title":"Features of emotional burnout of employees of preschool educational institutions","authors":"T. V. Temaev, Irina V. Temaeva, A. D. Trubetskov, Nataliia E. Komleva, Darya A. Chuslyaeva","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-573-579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-573-579","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In this article, on the basis of quantitative and qualitative research methods, the emotional burnout of day-care assistants and speech therapists of municipal preschool educational institutions was studied. In recent years, there has been an increase in the importance of the psycho-emotional component of the professional portrait of an employee of preschool educational institutions. The content of pedagogical professional activity includes many factors that provoke the emergence of professional deformation of a specialist. \u0000Materials and methods. Emotional burnout (according to the method of K. Maslach and S. Jackson in the adaptation of N. Vodopyanova) and the working capacity index (WAI) were studied in day-care assistants and speech therapists working in preschool educational institutions, as part of a cross-sectional study, in-depth interviewing was conducted. The SPSS 23 software package was used for statistical analysis. \u0000Results. Day-care assistants and speech therapists of preschool educational institutions, who have a long work experience, have fully realized and adapted to their profession and do not note emotional and psychological overloads. The results of a qualitative study indicate the dominance of subject-object (educator – child) relationships within the framework of preschool education, the presence of a complex psychological space (preschool is visited by children with various psychophysiological, emotional, behavioral characteristics), the settling of negative emotions inside the personal space of the educator and the speech therapist teacher and, as a consequence, the inability to dispose of them (personal psychotherapy, supervision, professional intervention) without negative consequences. \u0000Limitations. The study has professional (day-care assistants, speech therapists) limitations. \u0000Conclusion. These results suggest the problem of emotional burnout to be quite deep and not realized by teachers and day-care assitants. The resources of quantitative research methods for educators and speech therapists of preschool education on the topic of professional burnout and deformation were shown to be significantly limited and fail to allow achieving objective results, which requires the development of new approaches to assessing teachers’ emotional burnout.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70834797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-30DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-584-590
G. Smirnova, E. V. Kravchenko
Introduction. The purpose of the study is scientific and methodological justification of the need to increase the number of age groups to clarify the standards for assessing the nutritional status of military personnel. Materials and methods. The study involved one thousand three hundred seventy six 18 to 53 years male servicemen under medical examination. The following methods were used: anthropometry, assessing body composition (bioimpedance, caliperometry), the functional state and adaptive reserves. Statistical data analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel and Statistica 10.0 software products. Results. Based on the results of the analysis of literary sources and own research, for assessing and rationing of the nutritional status there were identified 4 age groups of military personnel, differed from each other at a highly reliable level (p>0.001) for all the studied indicators. It was found that representatives of the 1st age group (18–20 years) were characterized by the best values of adaptation of the cardiovascular system and the body’s resistance to physical exertion, as well as high reserve functionality and recovery rate after physical exertion. Representatives of the 2nd age group (21–27 years old) are objectively the best in most of the indicators studied by us compared to other age groups. In the military personnel of the 3rd age group (28–35 years), in general, with satisfactory results for most of the parameters studied, there was a significant decrease in the indicators of the functional state, compared with the first two groups. Representatives of the 4th age group (36 years and over) had the highest percentage of values of the studied indicators below the norm. Limitations. The medical examination, which included measurements of body size, composition, and assessment of functional status, involved 1,376 18 to 53 years male servicemen, which is a sufficient reference sample. Conclusion. The necessity of increasing the number of age groups to assess the nutritional status in male servicemen is substantiated. Based on the conducted research, 4 age groups of military personnel were identified to assess the nutritional status, which differ from each other at a highly reliable level.
{"title":"On the need to increase the age categories of male military personnel for rationing of the nutritional status","authors":"G. Smirnova, E. V. Kravchenko","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-584-590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-584-590","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The purpose of the study is scientific and methodological justification of the need to increase the number of age groups to clarify the standards for assessing the nutritional status of military personnel. \u0000Materials and methods. The study involved one thousand three hundred seventy six 18 to 53 years male servicemen under medical examination. The following methods were used: anthropometry, assessing body composition (bioimpedance, caliperometry), the functional state and adaptive reserves. Statistical data analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel and Statistica 10.0 software products. \u0000Results. Based on the results of the analysis of literary sources and own research, for assessing and rationing of the nutritional status there were identified 4 age groups of military personnel, differed from each other at a highly reliable level (p>0.001) for all the studied indicators. \u0000It was found that representatives of the 1st age group (18–20 years) were characterized by the best values of adaptation of the cardiovascular system and the body’s resistance to physical exertion, as well as high reserve functionality and recovery rate after physical exertion. Representatives of the 2nd age group (21–27 years old) are objectively the best in most of the indicators studied by us compared to other age groups. In the military personnel of the 3rd age group (28–35 years), in general, with satisfactory results for most of the parameters studied, there was a significant decrease in the indicators of the functional state, compared with the first two groups. Representatives of the 4th age group (36 years and over) had the highest percentage of values of the studied indicators below the norm. \u0000Limitations. The medical examination, which included measurements of body size, composition, and assessment of functional status, involved 1,376 18 to 53 years male servicemen, which is a sufficient reference sample. \u0000Conclusion. The necessity of increasing the number of age groups to assess the nutritional status in male servicemen is substantiated. Based on the conducted research, 4 age groups of military personnel were identified to assess the nutritional status, which differ from each other at a highly reliable level.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48965353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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