Pub Date : 2023-07-30DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-561-566
O. Shevchenko, O. L. Lakhman
Introduction. Knowledge of adaptation options on the example of the reactivity of cerebral energy metabolism (CEM) under stress is important for determining the features of the development of vibration disease in the comorbid course of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), the success of recovery in the rehabilitation period. Objective of the study was adaptation options using the example of cerebral energy metabolism reactivity under stress in individuals with vibration disease caused by the simultaneous effect of local and general vibration (SLGV) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. Features of adaptation under stress were studied by the method of neuroenergy mapping with the measurement of the level of constant potential (DC-potential level). Groups were formed: I (n = 94) – patients with SLGV, II (n = 38) – with comorbid pathology (SLGV and DM 2), III (n = 39) – with DM2. Results. More than 60% of all examined patients were established to be characterized by a rigid response to physical and emotional stress. Adequate CEM recovery reaction in the posthyperventilation period in the predominant number of cases was observed only in group I. In patients of group II, perverse (39%) and rigid (32%) reactions of recovery of DC-potential level were more common, group III – perverted and excessive response (33 % and 28%, respectively), characterizing the disorder of physiological adaptation in the presence of DM2. Limitations. The limitations of the work are presented in the form of a brief description of working conditions, lack of study of the impact of industrial noise on cerebral hemodynamics, insufficient depth of the study of foreign literature materials on the issue under study. Conclusion. The comorbid course SLGV and DM2 causes a persistent impairment of adaptation to stress, which is confirmed by the rigidity of the DC-potential level in response to hyperventilation, quick verbal response test, and the inadequacy of response during the restoration of neuroenergy exchange in the posthyperventilation period.
{"title":"Adaptive reactivity of cerebral energy metabolism in individuals with vibration disease and diabetes mellitus type 2","authors":"O. Shevchenko, O. L. Lakhman","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-561-566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-561-566","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Knowledge of adaptation options on the example of the reactivity of cerebral energy metabolism (CEM) under stress is important for determining the features of the development of vibration disease in the comorbid course of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), the success of recovery in the rehabilitation period. \u0000Objective of the study was adaptation options using the example of cerebral energy metabolism reactivity under stress in individuals with vibration disease caused by the simultaneous effect of local and general vibration (SLGV) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. \u0000Materials and methods. Features of adaptation under stress were studied by the method of neuroenergy mapping with the measurement of the level of constant potential (DC-potential level). Groups were formed: I (n = 94) – patients with SLGV, II (n = 38) – with comorbid pathology (SLGV and DM 2), III (n = 39) – with DM2. \u0000Results. More than 60% of all examined patients were established to be characterized by a rigid response to physical and emotional stress. Adequate CEM recovery reaction in the posthyperventilation period in the predominant number of cases was observed only in group I. In patients of group II, perverse (39%) and rigid (32%) reactions of recovery of DC-potential level were more common, group III – perverted and excessive response (33 % and 28%, respectively), characterizing the disorder of physiological adaptation in the presence of DM2. \u0000Limitations. The limitations of the work are presented in the form of a brief description of working conditions, lack of study of the impact of industrial noise on cerebral hemodynamics, insufficient depth of the study of foreign literature materials on the issue under study. \u0000Conclusion. The comorbid course SLGV and DM2 causes a persistent impairment of adaptation to stress, which is confirmed by the rigidity of the \u0000DC-potential level in response to hyperventilation, quick verbal response test, and the inadequacy of response during the restoration of neuroenergy exchange in the posthyperventilation period.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42527653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-30DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-597-600
S. S. Baygildin, E. F. Repina, D. Karimov, A. Bakirov, A. R. Gimadieva, N. Khusnutdinova, G. V. Timasheva, Aidar R. Akhmadeev, D. A. Smolyankin
Introduction. Acrylamide, used in industry, is also formed in foods during high temperature processing. Acrylamide has a toxic effect on the nervous, reproductive, and other systems of the body, due to carcinogenic and genotoxic properties. Considering sufficiently serious threat of acrylamide to human health, it is relevant to carry out further fundamental research to study the mechanism of its impact on the body and the possibility of treatment of lesions caused by it. The aims of this study is to assess morphological changes in the liver of experimental animals under acute acrylamide intoxication and study the possibility of their preventive treatment with complex compounds based on oxymethyluracil. Materials and methods. Experimental studies on the subacute effects of acrylamide at a dose of 20 mg/kg on the histological structure of the liver were carried out on outbred female rats. The efficiency of preventive administration of complex compounds of oxymethyluracil with ascorbic acid, with sodium succinate and acetylcysteine was also studied. Results. Exposure to acrylamide for 28 days at a dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight in experimental rats, has been established to cause minor morphological changes in the structure of the liver: only focal cellular infiltrates were found in the centrilobular zones. In groups of rats that received preventive treatment with complex compounds based on oxymethyluracil, no formation of infiltrates and other pathological changes was observed. Limitations. Limitations of the study are related to implementation of experimental studies of the pathomorphological changes in the liver of experimental animals using only one dose of acrylamide - 20 mg per kg of body weight during one limited period (28 days). Conclusion. Exposure to acrylamide for 28 days at a dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight causes minor morphological changes in the structure of the liver in experimental rats. For the first time, the effectiveness of prophylactic correction of the toxic effect of acrylamide with complex compounds of oxymethyluracil with ascorbic acid, sodium succinate and acetylcysteine, which showed a certain protective effect on the liver, was studied.
{"title":"Morphological changes in the liver parenchyma in rats under subacute acrylamide intoxication and the possibility of their preventive treatment","authors":"S. S. Baygildin, E. F. Repina, D. Karimov, A. Bakirov, A. R. Gimadieva, N. Khusnutdinova, G. V. Timasheva, Aidar R. Akhmadeev, D. A. Smolyankin","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-597-600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-597-600","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Acrylamide, used in industry, is also formed in foods during high temperature processing. Acrylamide has a toxic effect on the nervous, reproductive, and other systems of the body, due to carcinogenic and genotoxic properties. Considering sufficiently serious threat of acrylamide to human health, it is relevant to carry out further fundamental research to study the mechanism of its impact on the body and the possibility of treatment of lesions caused by it. \u0000The aims of this study is to assess morphological changes in the liver of experimental animals under acute acrylamide intoxication and study the possibility of their preventive treatment with complex compounds based on oxymethyluracil. \u0000Materials and methods. Experimental studies on the subacute effects of acrylamide at a dose of 20 mg/kg on the histological structure of the liver were carried out on outbred female rats. The efficiency of preventive administration of complex compounds of oxymethyluracil with ascorbic acid, with sodium succinate and acetylcysteine was also studied. \u0000Results. Exposure to acrylamide for 28 days at a dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight in experimental rats, has been established to cause minor morphological changes in the structure of the liver: only focal cellular infiltrates were found in the centrilobular zones. In groups of rats that received preventive treatment with complex compounds based on oxymethyluracil, no formation of infiltrates and other pathological changes was observed. \u0000Limitations. Limitations of the study are related to implementation of experimental studies of the pathomorphological changes in the liver of experimental animals using only one dose of acrylamide - 20 mg per kg of body weight during one limited period (28 days). \u0000Conclusion. Exposure to acrylamide for 28 days at a dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight causes minor morphological changes in the structure of the liver in experimental rats. For the first time, the effectiveness of prophylactic correction of the toxic effect of acrylamide with complex compounds of oxymethyluracil with ascorbic acid, sodium succinate and acetylcysteine, which showed a certain protective effect on the liver, was studied.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43216333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-30DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-580-583
V. Yurchenko, L. V. Akhaltseva, Mariya A. Konyashkina, Nadezda A. Yurtseva
Introduction. Azorubine E122 (Carmoisine, Food Red 3) monoazo dye is used in the manufacture of desserts, caramels, sweets, marmalades, ice cream, alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks, etc. The safety assessment of food additives includes the study of genotoxic potential. At the same time, for substances with a high or a small but long-term exposure (including food additives), in vivo tests are required. Materials and methods. The genotoxic activity of aqueous solutions of synthetic food azo dyes E122 Azorubin was studied by the micronuclear method on bone marrow cells in mice (males, hybrids F1 CBA × C57Bl6/j). The studied substances were injected into the stomach of mice at doses of 250–2000 mg/kg twice with an interval of 24 hours, with the preparation of bone marrow preparations 24 hours after the last administration. The frequency of micronucleated (MN) polychromatophilic erythrocytes (PCEs) was estimated on the base of the results of the analysis of 4000 PСЕ. The proportion of PСE among all red blood cells was determined by analyzing 500 cells per animal. Results. There was no statistically significant increase in the frequency of PCE with MN over the current control with a double administration of Azorubine in all studied doses. After exposure at doses of 1000 and 2000 mg/kg, the incidence of MN PCEs slightly exceeded the upper limit of the 95% CI of the accumulated negative control and the effect was dose-dependent and statistically significant, which does not allow recognizing the answer as clearly negative. Limitations of the study are due to the methodology of the test: only cytogenetic disorders in a single tissue were analyzed under conditions of double enteral administration of the studied sample. Conclusion. An analysis of the frequency of MN PCEs in the bone marrow of mice after a double injection of Azorubine at doses of 250–2000 mg/kg made it possible to qualify the result of the experiment as uncertain.
{"title":"Evaluation of the cytogenetic activity of the food dye Azorubine in a micronucleus test in mice","authors":"V. Yurchenko, L. V. Akhaltseva, Mariya A. Konyashkina, Nadezda A. Yurtseva","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-580-583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-580-583","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Azorubine E122 (Carmoisine, Food Red 3) monoazo dye is used in the manufacture of desserts, caramels, sweets, marmalades, ice cream, alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks, etc. The safety assessment of food additives includes the study of genotoxic potential. At the same time, for substances with a high or a small but long-term exposure (including food additives), in vivo tests are required. \u0000Materials and methods. The genotoxic activity of aqueous solutions of synthetic food azo dyes E122 Azorubin was studied by the micronuclear method on bone marrow cells in mice (males, hybrids F1 CBA × C57Bl6/j). The studied substances were injected into the stomach of mice at doses of 250–2000 mg/kg twice with an interval of 24 hours, with the preparation of bone marrow preparations 24 hours after the last administration. The frequency of micronucleated (MN) polychromatophilic erythrocytes (PCEs) was estimated on the base of the results of the analysis of 4000 PСЕ. The proportion of PСE among all red blood cells was determined by analyzing 500 cells per animal. \u0000Results. There was no statistically significant increase in the frequency of PCE with MN over the current control with a double administration of Azorubine in all studied doses. After exposure at doses of 1000 and 2000 mg/kg, the incidence of MN PCEs slightly exceeded the upper limit of the 95% CI of the accumulated negative control and the effect was dose-dependent and statistically significant, which does not allow recognizing the answer as clearly negative. \u0000Limitations of the study are due to the methodology of the test: only cytogenetic disorders in a single tissue were analyzed under conditions of double enteral administration of the studied sample. \u0000Conclusion. An analysis of the frequency of MN PCEs in the bone marrow of mice after a double injection of Azorubine at doses of 250–2000 mg/kg made it possible to qualify the result of the experiment as uncertain.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41974603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-30DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-612-617
I. A. Myznikova, Yu. I. Stepkin
The object of the study is the currently existing system of professional hygienic training and certification as an integral component of hygienic training and education of citizens. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the risk-based approach in the implementation of professional hygiene training and certification, and the attempt to integrate this legislatively fixed phenomenon into the structure of preventive measures. There were used the analytical method for evaluation of regulatory and legal documentation, documentation of the Federal Medical Institution “Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Voronezh Region”, as well as literary sources on the subject of research of such information resources as Scopus, Web of Science, CyberLeninka, RSCI, eLibrary.RU mainly for the last 5 years (90% of the total number of cited sources). There was analyzed the experience of the existence of a risk-oriented approach in the implementation of activities in various areas (including the activities of Rospotrebnadzor bodies and subordinate institutions on the example of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Voronezh Region), as well as to propose and test a risk-oriented model in the implementation of professional hygiene training and certification of employees in epidemiologically significant objects. The methodology of this procedure involves ranking the positions of personnel of epidemiologically significant facilities based on their attitude to the labour/technological process into 3 groups. In proportion to belonging to a particular rank group, the frequency, volume, and form of professional hygiene training and certification are reasoned. A methodology is proposed for the introduction of legally fixed components of the hygienic training system into the structure of preventive measures of Rospotrebnadzor bodies to get rid of formalization in the mode of constant monitoring of the level of knowledge of sanitary and epidemiological orientation of employees in epidemiologically significant facilities. Thus, the integration of the risk-oriented model into the system of hygienic training will in the future prevent a decrease in the quality of knowledge in the field of hygiene and epidemiology among employees in epidemiologically significant facilities and positively affect the sanitary and epidemiological situation in the country.
研究的对象是作为公民卫生培训和教育的一个组成部分的现有专业卫生培训和认证制度。这项研究的目的是证实在实施职业卫生培训和认证时基于风险的方法，并试图将这种立法固定的现象纳入预防措施的结构中。使用了分析方法来评估监管和法律文件、联邦医疗机构"沃罗涅日地区卫生和流行病学中心"的文件，以及诸如Scopus、Web of Science、CyberLeninka、RSCI、图书馆等信息资源研究主题的文献资料。RU主要是最近5年(占被引来源总数的90%)。分析了在各个领域实施活动中存在的风险导向方法的经验(包括Rospotrebnadzor机构和下属机构的活动，以沃罗涅日地区卫生和流行病学中心为例)，并提出并测试了在流行病学意义重大的对象中实施职业卫生培训和员工认证的风险导向模式。该程序的方法包括根据对劳动/技术过程的态度，将具有流行病学意义的设施的工作人员的职位分为三组。按照属于某一特定等级群体的比例，对专业卫生培训和认证的频率、数量和形式进行了推理。提出了一种方法，将卫生培训系统的法律固定组成部分引入俄罗斯联邦机构的预防措施结构，以摆脱在流行病学重要设施中对员工的卫生和流行病学方向知识水平进行持续监测的模式的形式化。因此，将面向风险的模式整合到卫生培训系统中，将在未来防止具有重要流行病学意义的设施的雇员在卫生和流行病学领域知识质量的下降，并对该国的卫生和流行病学状况产生积极影响。
{"title":"Implementation of the risk-oriented model in the system of the professional hygienic training and certification in the Russian Federation (literature review)","authors":"I. A. Myznikova, Yu. I. Stepkin","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-612-617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-612-617","url":null,"abstract":"The object of the study is the currently existing system of professional hygienic training and certification as an integral component of hygienic training and education of citizens. \u0000The purpose of the study is to substantiate the risk-based approach in the implementation of professional hygiene training and certification, and the attempt to integrate this legislatively fixed phenomenon into the structure of preventive measures. \u0000There were used the analytical method for evaluation of regulatory and legal documentation, documentation of the Federal Medical Institution “Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Voronezh Region”, as well as literary sources on the subject of research of such information resources as Scopus, Web of Science, CyberLeninka, RSCI, eLibrary.RU mainly for the last 5 years (90% of the total number of cited sources). There was analyzed the experience of the existence of a risk-oriented approach in the implementation of activities in various areas (including the activities of Rospotrebnadzor bodies and subordinate institutions on the example of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Voronezh Region), as well as to propose and test a risk-oriented model in the implementation of professional hygiene training and certification of employees in epidemiologically significant objects. The methodology of this procedure involves ranking the positions of personnel of epidemiologically significant facilities based on their attitude to the labour/technological process into 3 groups. In proportion to belonging to a particular rank group, the frequency, volume, and form of professional hygiene training and certification are reasoned. A methodology is proposed for the introduction of legally fixed components of the hygienic training system into the structure of preventive measures of Rospotrebnadzor bodies to get rid of formalization in the mode of constant monitoring of the level of knowledge of sanitary and epidemiological orientation of employees in epidemiologically significant facilities. \u0000Thus, the integration of the risk-oriented model into the system of hygienic training will in the future prevent a decrease in the quality of knowledge in the field of hygiene and epidemiology among employees in epidemiologically significant facilities and positively affect the sanitary and epidemiological situation in the country.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42926916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-30DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-567-572
Ebenezer Akuoko, Marina V. Alenitckaia
Introduction. Medical institutions in Ghana are in most cases located in adapted buildings that have an unsatisfactory sanitary and technical condition. The government and the administration of institutions fail to pay due attention to the health and safety of medical worker. There is a high level of their morbidity, rehabilitation, preventive measures nor been developed neither implemented. This formed the basis for our study. Materials and methods. The collection of information using a specially designed questionnaire was carried out in online mode. The objects of the study were medical workers, their working conditions, medical institutions in Ghana. A total of seven hundred eighty six employees took part in the survey. Staff responses were analyzed using SPSS to conduct the study. Results. were the In workers of medical institutions in Ghana, leading infectious diseases were malaria, hepatitis B, and tuberculosis, non-infectious morbidity was associated with diseases of the circulatory system. The peak of infectious diseases among medical workers was recorded in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Over the same year, due to limited screening diagnostics, the lowest incidence of non-communicable diseases was noted. Habits such as smoking (6.9%) and excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages (35.8%) are common among healthcare workers in Ghana, which are a high risk of developing non-communicable diseases (smoking – p < 0.001, excessive drinking – p < 0.001 ). Discussion. According to the results of our research, the level of morbidity of medical personnel in medical institutions in Ghana was found to be high. This correlates with data reflecting the situation in Russian healthcare. However, the structure of the causes of temporary disability of the personnel of medical institutions in the two countries differs. The infectious morbidity of medical workers in Ghana has its own characteristics: high rates are noted for HIV infection, parenteral viral hepatitis, tuberculosis, and malaria. Infectious diseases were the leading cause of death for healthcare workers in 2019–2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic, both in Ghana and elsewhere. We found that the unified guidelines for labour protection in medical institutions in Ghana have not been developed and are not applied, which significantly distinguishes them from Russian ones. Research limitations. The lack of methods and techniques, equipment, regulations governing the conduct and assessment of working conditions, a system for registering and investigating cases of occupational diseases in Ghana has become a limitation of scientific research. Conclusion. In order to save the lives of patients, manage acceptable working conditions for medical personnel, ensure the efficiency and sustainability of the healthcare system in Ghana, it is recommended to develop and implement a comprehensive, unambiguous occupational health and safety policy, including for healthcare workers.
{"title":"Prevalence in Ghanaian health workers","authors":"Ebenezer Akuoko, Marina V. Alenitckaia","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-567-572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-567-572","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Medical institutions in Ghana are in most cases located in adapted buildings that have an unsatisfactory sanitary and technical condition. The government and the administration of institutions fail to pay due attention to the health and safety of medical worker. There is a high level of their morbidity, rehabilitation, preventive measures nor been developed neither implemented. This formed the basis for our study. \u0000Materials and methods. The collection of information using a specially designed questionnaire was carried out in online mode. The objects of the study were medical workers, their working conditions, medical institutions in Ghana. A total of seven hundred eighty six employees took part in the survey. Staff responses were analyzed using SPSS to conduct the study. \u0000Results. were the In workers of medical institutions in Ghana, leading infectious diseases were malaria, hepatitis B, and tuberculosis, non-infectious morbidity was associated with diseases of the circulatory system. The peak of infectious diseases among medical workers was recorded in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Over the same year, due to limited screening diagnostics, the lowest incidence of non-communicable diseases was noted. Habits such as smoking (6.9%) and excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages (35.8%) are common among healthcare workers in Ghana, which are a high risk of developing non-communicable diseases (smoking – p < 0.001, excessive drinking – p < 0.001 ). \u0000Discussion. According to the results of our research, the level of morbidity of medical personnel in medical institutions in Ghana was found to be high. This correlates with data reflecting the situation in Russian healthcare. However, the structure of the causes of temporary disability of the personnel of medical institutions in the two countries differs. The infectious morbidity of medical workers in Ghana has its own characteristics: high rates are noted for HIV infection, parenteral viral hepatitis, tuberculosis, and malaria. Infectious diseases were the leading cause of death for healthcare workers in 2019–2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic, both in Ghana and elsewhere. We found that the unified guidelines for labour protection in medical institutions in Ghana have not been developed and are not applied, which significantly distinguishes them from Russian ones. \u0000Research limitations. The lack of methods and techniques, equipment, regulations governing the conduct and assessment of working conditions, a system for registering and investigating cases of occupational diseases in Ghana has become a limitation of scientific research. \u0000Conclusion. In order to save the lives of patients, manage acceptable working conditions for medical personnel, ensure the efficiency and sustainability of the healthcare system in Ghana, it is recommended to develop and implement a comprehensive, unambiguous occupational health and safety policy, including for healthcare workers.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47110756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-30DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-556-560
Marzhanat R. Arkelova, Zurab T. Gogushev, Ismail A. Bittirov, Kerim Kh. Bolatchiev, Anatoly M. Bittirov
Introduction. Echinococcosis in animals and humans is a planetary problemю One of those zoonoses have acquired the status of epidemiological and sanitary-hygienic risks for the health in various social groups of the population and animals of more than 80 species. The purpose of the work is an ecosystemic epizootological, epidemiological, and sanitary-hygienic assessment of animal and human echinococcosis in Karachay-Cherkessia. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in 2014–2022. The objects of study were the intestines of eighteen dog corpses slaughtered in compliance with the International Rules for Humane Treatment of Animals (2012), and the liver and lungs of 150 slaughtered sheep. Monitoring of echinococcosis in dogs and sheep was carried out by the method of complete helminthological dissection of organs and tissues according to K.I. Scriabin (1928). The number of taeniid-type eggs in the faeces of dogs and in 500 water samples of the basin of the river Kuban was determined according to the guidelines of Temporary norms and rules (1986). Data on the incidence of cystic echinococcosis in the population are summarized on the base of a comparative analysis of quarterly and annual reports of the sanitary medical services in 7 subjects of the North Caucasus Federal District with the materials of the State reports of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing of Russia. Results. The index of occurrence of invasion of the cystic form of echinococcus in the liver, lungs, and spleen in sheep in the planar zone was 18%, in the foothill zone – 24%, in the mountain zone – 28% (on average, about 25%). Transparent cysts of echinococcus extracted from the liver, lungs, and other organs of sheep contained protoscolexes in 100% of the samples, which indicates the likelihood of natural foci involving dogs and wild predators in the region, violations of the terms of deworming of priotary dogs, lack of sanitary and preventive work among the population. The region belongs to the group of subjects with low rates of zoonoses due to effective anti-epidemic measures. At the same time, the natural reservoirs of Karachay-Cherkessia are natural biotopes of taeniosis, where the contamination of water samples with taeniid eggs ranges from 11 to 37%. Limitations. The study is limited only by the analysis of statistical data on human echinococcosis in Karachay-Cherkessia and other subjects of the North Caucasus Federal District; other densely populated regions of the Russian Federation have not been studied and not affected. Conclusion. According to the epidemic situation in terms of echinococcosis in the population, the Karachay-Cherkess Republic can be attributed to relatively prosperous regions of Russia, but to the zone of epidemiological risk, since there is an increase in the number of dogs with tape echinococcosis and sheep infected with fertile cysts. Sanitary and hygienic pollution of the river
{"title":"Ecosystemic epidemiological, epizootological, and sanitary-hygienic assessment of human and animal echinococcosis in the North Caucasus region","authors":"Marzhanat R. Arkelova, Zurab T. Gogushev, Ismail A. Bittirov, Kerim Kh. Bolatchiev, Anatoly M. Bittirov","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-556-560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-556-560","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Echinococcosis in animals and humans is a planetary problemю One of those zoonoses have acquired the status of epidemiological and sanitary-hygienic risks for the health in various social groups of the population and animals of more than 80 species. \u0000The purpose of the work is an ecosystemic epizootological, epidemiological, and sanitary-hygienic assessment of animal and human echinococcosis in Karachay-Cherkessia. \u0000Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in 2014–2022. The objects of study were the intestines of eighteen dog corpses slaughtered in compliance with the International Rules for Humane Treatment of Animals (2012), and the liver and lungs of 150 slaughtered sheep. Monitoring of echinococcosis in dogs and sheep was carried out by the method of complete helminthological dissection of organs and tissues according to K.I. Scriabin (1928). The number of taeniid-type eggs in the faeces of dogs and in 500 water samples of the basin of the river Kuban was determined according to the guidelines of Temporary norms and rules (1986). Data on the incidence of cystic echinococcosis in the population are summarized on the base of a comparative analysis of quarterly and annual reports of the sanitary medical services in 7 subjects of the North Caucasus Federal District with the materials of the State reports of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing of Russia. \u0000Results. The index of occurrence of invasion of the cystic form of echinococcus in the liver, lungs, and spleen in sheep in the planar zone was 18%, in the foothill zone – 24%, in the mountain zone – 28% (on average, about 25%). Transparent cysts of echinococcus extracted from the liver, lungs, and other organs of sheep contained protoscolexes in 100% of the samples, which indicates the likelihood of natural foci involving dogs and wild predators in the region, violations of the terms of deworming of priotary dogs, lack of sanitary and preventive work among the population. The region belongs to the group of subjects with low rates of zoonoses due to effective anti-epidemic measures. At the same time, the natural reservoirs of Karachay-Cherkessia are natural biotopes of taeniosis, where the contamination of water samples with taeniid eggs ranges from 11 to 37%. \u0000Limitations. The study is limited only by the analysis of statistical data on human echinococcosis in Karachay-Cherkessia and other subjects of the North Caucasus Federal District; other densely populated regions of the Russian Federation have not been studied and not affected. \u0000Conclusion. According to the epidemic situation in terms of echinococcosis in the population, the Karachay-Cherkess Republic can be attributed to relatively prosperous regions of Russia, but to the zone of epidemiological risk, since there is an increase in the number of dogs with tape echinococcosis and sheep infected with fertile cysts. Sanitary and hygienic pollution of the river ","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135398114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-30DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-601-604
A. V. Eremeyshvili, Victoria V. Kazakova
Introduction. Tobacco smoking can be designate as one of the most common world problems that negatively affects on the functional activity of the human body. The purpose of the study is to determine the degree of influence of tobacco smoking on the content of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd) in biosubstrates of employees with different smoking experience in the absence of significant anthropogenic and man-made burden in the place of residence. Materials and methods. This study is experimental. To investigate the state of health of the population, hair samples were taken from 25 to 60 years male smokers aged, working at the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Ivanovo region, living in the same conditions. The study method included the use of inversion voltammetry to identify the relationship between smoking history and the level of accumulation of heavy metals in the human body. We used statistical analysis tools toward established the reliability of the results p<0.05. The data were compared with the established levels of the normal content of metals in the centile intervals of A.V. Skalny. Results. We determined that, depending on duration of smoking, the level of heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cd) in the biosubstrates of the studied sample significantly increases (p<0.05). The indicators significantly exceed the physiological norm, while the copper concentration decreases, but is within the reference values. Limitations. The limitations of the study are limited to the possibilities of using the selected research methods and the presence of uncertainties in obtaining the characteristics of the objects of study. Conclusion. Tobacco smoking have influence on the content of heavy metals in the human body and accumulates during life.
{"title":"Effect of smoking on heavy metal content in biosubstrates in 25–60 years males","authors":"A. V. Eremeyshvili, Victoria V. Kazakova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-601-604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-601-604","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Tobacco smoking can be designate as one of the most common world problems that negatively affects on the functional activity of the human body. \u0000The purpose of the study is to determine the degree of influence of tobacco smoking on the content of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd) in biosubstrates of employees with different smoking experience in the absence of significant anthropogenic and man-made burden in the place of residence. \u0000Materials and methods. This study is experimental. To investigate the state of health of the population, hair samples were taken from 25 to 60 years male smokers aged, working at the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Ivanovo region, living in the same conditions. The study method included the use of inversion voltammetry to identify the relationship between smoking history and the level of accumulation of heavy metals in the human body. We used statistical analysis tools toward established the reliability of the results p<0.05. The data were compared with the established levels of the normal content of metals in the centile intervals of A.V. Skalny. \u0000Results. We determined that, depending on duration of smoking, the level of heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cd) in the biosubstrates of the studied sample significantly increases (p<0.05). The indicators significantly exceed the physiological norm, while the copper concentration decreases, but is within the reference values. \u0000Limitations. The limitations of the study are limited to the possibilities of using the selected research methods and the presence of uncertainties in obtaining the characteristics of the objects of study. \u0000Conclusion. Tobacco smoking have influence on the content of heavy metals in the human body and accumulates during life.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46691753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-30DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-591-596
M. S. Grechina, V. Rakitskii, Natalya E. Fedorova
Introduction. Storage of selected samples before transportation to the laboratory and immediately before analysis is an important component in the process of product quality control and evaluation. Purpose of the work was to evaluate the degradation of pesticide active substances in real samples of citrus fruit left for long periods of storage in deep freezing conditions. Materials and methods. High-performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass detector (HPLC-MS/MS) was used to identify and quantify pesticide active substances. According to the method of analysis MUK 4.1.3657–20, cryogenic grinding of samples was carried out in a cutter using dry ice. Sample preparation was carried out using the QuEChERS technology. To extract analytes from a homogenized sample acetonitrile was used in the presence of salts containing citrate buffer, followed by purification of the extract by SPE. Results. In the studied samples of citrus, the analytes showed stability. Thirty months after storage of samples in deep freezing conditions (temperature not higher than –20 °C), the identified levels of active ingredients of the pesticides imazalil, pyrimethanil and prochloraz did not change by more than 20% compared to the previously detected concentrations. Insignificant amounts of imidacloprid, thiabendazole and pyriproxyfen, as well as traces of azoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin, detected in the study of samples, were also found in samples after long-term storage. Limitation. The study is limited to the study of the stability of individual active substances found in real samples of citrus fruits intended for sale to the consumer. Conclusion. Proper storage of samples should ensure the preservation of the levels of active substances in the samples and exclude their change due to various processes (volatilization, enzymatic and hydrolytic decomposition, etc.), which requires the performance of preliminary experimental studies to assess their stability. The work showed the stability of residual quantities of imazalil, pyrimethanil, prochloraz, imidacloprid, thiabendazole, and pyriproxyfen in citrus fruit matrices under storage conditions in a freezer at not more than –20 °C for 30 months.
{"title":"Stability of pesticide residues in citrus fruits during storage","authors":"M. S. Grechina, V. Rakitskii, Natalya E. Fedorova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-591-596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-591-596","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Storage of selected samples before transportation to the laboratory and immediately before analysis is an important component in the process of product quality control and evaluation. \u0000Purpose of the work was to evaluate the degradation of pesticide active substances in real samples of citrus fruit left for long periods of storage in deep freezing conditions. \u0000Materials and methods. High-performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass detector (HPLC-MS/MS) was used to identify and quantify pesticide active substances. According to the method of analysis MUK 4.1.3657–20, cryogenic grinding of samples was carried out in a cutter using dry ice. Sample preparation was carried out using the QuEChERS technology. To extract analytes from a homogenized sample acetonitrile was used in the presence of salts containing citrate buffer, followed by purification of the extract by SPE. \u0000Results. In the studied samples of citrus, the analytes showed stability. Thirty months after storage of samples in deep freezing conditions (temperature not higher than –20 °C), the identified levels of active ingredients of the pesticides imazalil, pyrimethanil and prochloraz did not change by more than 20% compared to the previously detected concentrations. Insignificant amounts of imidacloprid, thiabendazole and pyriproxyfen, as well as traces of azoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin, detected in the study of samples, were also found in samples after long-term storage. \u0000Limitation. The study is limited to the study of the stability of individual active substances found in real samples of citrus fruits intended for sale to the consumer. \u0000Conclusion. Proper storage of samples should ensure the preservation of the levels of active substances in the samples and exclude their change due to various processes (volatilization, enzymatic and hydrolytic decomposition, etc.), which requires the performance of preliminary experimental studies to assess their stability. The work showed the stability of residual quantities of imazalil, pyrimethanil, prochloraz, imidacloprid, thiabendazole, and pyriproxyfen in citrus fruit matrices under storage conditions in a freezer at not more than –20 °C for 30 months.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48591089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-30DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-549-555
T. Trifonova, A. Martsev, O. Selivanov, Yuri N. Kurbatov
Introduction. The paper presents the results of a study on assessing the level of soil contamination with heavy metals and arsenic in a city with a long-term glass production. Materials and methods. The object of the study is the soil cover of the city of Gus-Khrustalny, widely known for the products that are produced at its enterprises. The city-forming industry, the mention of which begins in the second half of the 18th century, is the production of glass and crystal. Results. The presence of polyelement pollution of the soil cover of the city was established, which is probably associated with the specifics and duration of the functioning of the glass industry. The priority pollutants of urban soil are primarily those belonging to the first hazard class, Zn, Pb, and As. The maximum levels of pollution were recorded in the industrial urbanozems, the minimum – in the landscape and recreational zone. An extremely dangerous chemical contamination of the soil in terms of the total indicator was revealed on the territory of the currently non-functioning part of the glass plant, which in fact is a local technogenic lithogeochemical anomaly. An assessment of the level of chemical contamination of soils as an indicator of an adverse impact on the health of the population showed most of them to live in the zone of moderately hazardous or hazardous soil categories. Limitations. The limitations of the study are associated with one-time sampling and a small number of reference areas, which limits the possibility of a broader interpretation of the data obtained. Conclusion. To justify measures to reduce the risk to the environment and health of the population living here, it is necessary to manage constant environmental and hygienic monitoring of the territory. To reduce soil pollution in the city, there are required the modernization of industrial enterprises and the creation of expanded sanitary protection zones around them. It is necessary to carry out measures to detoxify contaminated soilsusing modern methods, primarily biological treatment as phytoremediation, phytorecultivation.
{"title":"Ecological and hygienic assessment of soils on the content of heavy metals and arsenic in an industrial city with glass production","authors":"T. Trifonova, A. Martsev, O. Selivanov, Yuri N. Kurbatov","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-549-555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-549-555","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The paper presents the results of a study on assessing the level of soil contamination with heavy metals and arsenic in a city with a long-term glass production. \u0000Materials and methods. The object of the study is the soil cover of the city of Gus-Khrustalny, widely known for the products that are produced at its enterprises. The city-forming industry, the mention of which begins in the second half of the 18th century, is the production of glass and crystal. \u0000Results. The presence of polyelement pollution of the soil cover of the city was established, which is probably associated with the specifics and duration of the functioning of the glass industry. The priority pollutants of urban soil are primarily those belonging to the first hazard class, Zn, Pb, and As. The maximum levels of pollution were recorded in the industrial urbanozems, the minimum – in the landscape and recreational zone. An extremely dangerous chemical contamination of the soil in terms of the total indicator was revealed on the territory of the currently non-functioning part of the glass plant, which in fact is a local technogenic lithogeochemical anomaly. An assessment of the level of chemical contamination of soils as an indicator of an adverse impact on the health of the population showed most of them to live in the zone of moderately hazardous or hazardous soil categories. \u0000Limitations. The limitations of the study are associated with one-time sampling and a small number of reference areas, which limits the possibility of a broader interpretation of the data obtained. \u0000Conclusion. To justify measures to reduce the risk to the environment and health of the population living here, it is necessary to manage constant environmental and hygienic monitoring of the territory. To reduce soil pollution in the city, there are required the modernization of industrial enterprises and the creation of expanded sanitary protection zones around them. It is necessary to carry out measures to detoxify contaminated soilsusing modern methods, primarily biological treatment as phytoremediation, phytorecultivation.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43842178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-30DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-605-611
Olga V. Egorova, Pavel V. Mikheev, Galina M. Trukhina, Nataliya A. Ilyushina
Introduction. The Ames test has been widely used to study the mutagenicity of chemicals. In view of the implementation of a quality management system in the test facilities, the cultural, morphological and biochemical properties of strains used in the Salmonella/microsome test system were studied. An assessment of their applicability as additional characteristics of quality of the tester strain was made.
Materials and methods. The study of cultural and morphological characteristics of S. typhimurium strains was carried out using the commercial media.
The biochemical properties of S. typhimurium cultures were evaluated using a Vitek-2 system.
Results. Studies have shown that the procedure of marker verification for confirming the reference properties of tester strains, in addition to evaluation of the spontaneous mutation level and phenotypic characteristics (-his phenotype, the presence or absence of the R-factor plasmids, rfa- and ∆uvrB mutations), can be extended by periodically assessing their biochemical properties. Most of the biochemical characteristics of bacteria of the Salmonella typhimurium serovar are inherent for tester strains. Compared to the wild-type bacteria atypical features of tester strains are a negative reaction in the hydrogen sulfide production test, positive activity of tyrosine arylamidase, the ability to utilize 5-keto-D-gluconate, unstable activity of alpha-galactosidase. Differential selective media used to maintain wild-type Salmonella cultures are not universal for the growth of strains of the Salmonella/microsome test system. When choosing media for cytotoxicity, survival, or sterility assessment, it is necessary to take into consideration the growth characteristics of the Salmonella tester strains on different media: the ability to grow on selective media decreases in the series of Endo-agar > Salmonella Shigella -agar > Bismuth-sulfite agar > Ploskirev’s agar.
Limitations. The research is limited to the study of cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics of S. typhimurium, but not Escherichia coli.
Conclusion. The described cultural and morphological properties of tested strains on different media can be used to assess cytotoxicity/survival of treated cultures performing studies according to OECD 471. The use of additional biochemical markers of authenticity and morphological properties of tester strains will help to ensure the quality of studies using the Ames test in the processes of conservation, reproduction, and routine testing.
{"title":"Cultural, morphological and biochemical properties of Salmonella typhimurium indicator bacteria used in the Ames test and their applicability for the assessment of the test system quality","authors":"Olga V. Egorova, Pavel V. Mikheev, Galina M. Trukhina, Nataliya A. Ilyushina","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-605-611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-6-605-611","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The Ames test has been widely used to study the mutagenicity of chemicals. In view of the implementation of a quality management system in the test facilities, the cultural, morphological and biochemical properties of strains used in the Salmonella/microsome test system were studied. An assessment of their applicability as additional characteristics of quality of the tester strain was made.
 Materials and methods. The study of cultural and morphological characteristics of S. typhimurium strains was carried out using the commercial media. 
 The biochemical properties of S. typhimurium cultures were evaluated using a Vitek-2 system.
 Results. Studies have shown that the procedure of marker verification for confirming the reference properties of tester strains, in addition to evaluation of the spontaneous mutation level and phenotypic characteristics (-his phenotype, the presence or absence of the R-factor plasmids, rfa- and ∆uvrB mutations), can be extended by periodically assessing their biochemical properties. Most of the biochemical characteristics of bacteria of the Salmonella typhimurium serovar are inherent for tester strains. Compared to the wild-type bacteria atypical features of tester strains are a negative reaction in the hydrogen sulfide production test, positive activity of tyrosine arylamidase, the ability to utilize 5-keto-D-gluconate, unstable activity of alpha-galactosidase. Differential selective media used to maintain wild-type Salmonella cultures are not universal for the growth of strains of the Salmonella/microsome test system. When choosing media for cytotoxicity, survival, or sterility assessment, it is necessary to take into consideration the growth characteristics of the Salmonella tester strains on different media: the ability to grow on selective media decreases in the series of Endo-agar > Salmonella Shigella -agar > Bismuth-sulfite agar > Ploskirev’s agar.
 Limitations. The research is limited to the study of cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics of S. typhimurium, but not Escherichia coli.
 Conclusion. The described cultural and morphological properties of tested strains on different media can be used to assess cytotoxicity/survival of treated cultures performing studies according to OECD 471. The use of additional biochemical markers of authenticity and morphological properties of tester strains will help to ensure the quality of studies using the Ames test in the processes of conservation, reproduction, and routine testing.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135398483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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