Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-790-795
Otari G. Khurtsilava, Ivan V. Boiko, Sergei V. Greben’kov, Alexander N. Nikanov, Natalia N. Loginova
Introduction. Currently, there are no clear definitions of unacceptable worker health risk criteria, which are related to incidence indicators of further development of already formed occupational diseases. It refers to cases when a worker with a diagnosed occupational disease continues to work under harmful occupational factor exposure which has caused occupational pathology development.
Materials and methods. According to the archive materials of occupational pathology clinics, risk assessment of further development of occupational disease caused by physical overload, in a group of patients with diagnosed occupational disease, being under follow-up and proceeding their working activity, was carried out
Results. Regulatory documents in the field of occupational fitness expertise, currently effective in Russian Federation, provide the possibility of continuing work under the same conditions for patients with diagnosed occupational disease. However, such policy results in the loss of right to get payment for medical rehabilitation among occupational disease patients. Based on epidemiological survey findings, procedural approaches to assessing the risk of occupational disease deterioration, in case a patient proceeding to work under the same conditions of exposure to adverse occupational factors, as unacceptable, are considered.
Limitations. In patients with occupational pathology of a different profile, working in other conditions, other results may be obtained on the risk of disease progression with continued work.
Conclusions. It is necessary to create and implement an official uniform system for qualifying risk for the development of occupational pathology in patients going on to work in adverse conditions. At the first stage an assessment of risk for the development of these health disturbances, based on the value of occupational morbidity rate index, which takes into account both, the incidence of negative effect on worker’s health, and the severity of health disturbances, can be used.
{"title":"Assessment of the risk for the progression of occupational diseases under exposure to harmful occupational factor","authors":"Otari G. Khurtsilava, Ivan V. Boiko, Sergei V. Greben’kov, Alexander N. Nikanov, Natalia N. Loginova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-790-795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-790-795","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Currently, there are no clear definitions of unacceptable worker health risk criteria, which are related to incidence indicators of further development of already formed occupational diseases. It refers to cases when a worker with a diagnosed occupational disease continues to work under harmful occupational factor exposure which has caused occupational pathology development.
 Materials and methods. According to the archive materials of occupational pathology clinics, risk assessment of further development of occupational disease caused by physical overload, in a group of patients with diagnosed occupational disease, being under follow-up and proceeding their working activity, was carried out
 Results. Regulatory documents in the field of occupational fitness expertise, currently effective in Russian Federation, provide the possibility of continuing work under the same conditions for patients with diagnosed occupational disease. However, such policy results in the loss of right to get payment for medical rehabilitation among occupational disease patients. Based on epidemiological survey findings, procedural approaches to assessing the risk of occupational disease deterioration, in case a patient proceeding to work under the same conditions of exposure to adverse occupational factors, as unacceptable, are considered. 
 Limitations. In patients with occupational pathology of a different profile, working in other conditions, other results may be obtained on the risk of disease progression with continued work.
 Conclusions. It is necessary to create and implement an official uniform system for qualifying risk for the development of occupational pathology in patients going on to work in adverse conditions. At the first stage an assessment of risk for the development of these health disturbances, based on the value of occupational morbidity rate index, which takes into account both, the incidence of negative effect on worker’s health, and the severity of health disturbances, can be used.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135148705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-764-767
Olga I. Kopytenkova, Tatiana A. Afanasyeva
Introduction. The strategy for the development of transport infrastructure in Russia involves the construction of railway tracks, including for high-speed traffic. The noise created by rail transport creates uncomfortable living conditions for citizens. One of the most common methods of noise reduction in the way of its propagation is the installation of acoustic screens.
The purpose of the work. To evaluate the effectiveness of acoustic screens used to reduce noise from linear objects of railway transport.
Materials and methods. To evaluate the effectiveness of acoustic screens in the reverberation chamber, a study of six types of materials most commonly used for their construction was conducted. Experimental studies calculations were carried out in accordance with the requirements of current regulatory and technical documentation.
Results. Experimental studies have shown air noise isolation levels to vary from 27 dBA to 44 dBA. In real conditions, the long-wave part of the noise spectrum of railway transport bends around the screen, forming an acoustic shadow. The calculated acoustic shadow from the AE for non-electrified tracks is 45.95 m from the screen, for electrified tracks – 40.56 m. The efficiency of acoustic screens was shown to decrease with increasing train speed.
Limitations. The limitations are determined by the value of the calculated uncertainty indicator obtained by analyzing the results of acoustic measurements.
Conclusion. The use of acoustic screens as the main noise protection measure has little prospect in newly built-up areas with high-rise residential and public buildings, and in the conditions of the prospect of intensive development of high-speed rail traffic. The procedure for establishing the estimated size of the distance from the railway tracks, ensuring compliance with the requirements of sanitary and epidemiological well-being, needs a clear regulation of the list and quality
of the initial data, taking into account the peculiarities of the structure of the track and the management of railway traffic.
{"title":"Efficiency of reduction of noise from railway transport by acoustic screens","authors":"Olga I. Kopytenkova, Tatiana A. Afanasyeva","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-764-767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-764-767","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The strategy for the development of transport infrastructure in Russia involves the construction of railway tracks, including for high-speed traffic. The noise created by rail transport creates uncomfortable living conditions for citizens. One of the most common methods of noise reduction in the way of its propagation is the installation of acoustic screens. 
 The purpose of the work. To evaluate the effectiveness of acoustic screens used to reduce noise from linear objects of railway transport.
 Materials and methods. To evaluate the effectiveness of acoustic screens in the reverberation chamber, a study of six types of materials most commonly used for their construction was conducted. Experimental studies calculations were carried out in accordance with the requirements of current regulatory and technical documentation.
 Results. Experimental studies have shown air noise isolation levels to vary from 27 dBA to 44 dBA. In real conditions, the long-wave part of the noise spectrum of railway transport bends around the screen, forming an acoustic shadow. The calculated acoustic shadow from the AE for non-electrified tracks is 45.95 m from the screen, for electrified tracks – 40.56 m. The efficiency of acoustic screens was shown to decrease with increasing train speed. 
 Limitations. The limitations are determined by the value of the calculated uncertainty indicator obtained by analyzing the results of acoustic measurements.
 Conclusion. The use of acoustic screens as the main noise protection measure has little prospect in newly built-up areas with high-rise residential and public buildings, and in the conditions of the prospect of intensive development of high-speed rail traffic. The procedure for establishing the estimated size of the distance from the railway tracks, ensuring compliance with the requirements of sanitary and epidemiological well-being, needs a clear regulation of the list and quality 
 of the initial data, taking into account the peculiarities of the structure of the track and the management of railway traffic.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135149646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-848-852
Olga N. Gulyaeva, Anastasiуa S. Kazitskaya, Evgeniya V. Ulanova, Sergey V. Matoshin, Mariya V. Chifranova, Lyudmila V. Renge, Svetlana V. Shramko
Introduction. Missed pregnancy, as a rule, is caused by a combination of several factors. Exogenous factors can have a teratogenic effect, leading to the occurrence of mutations of varying severity. In such case at the early stages of embryogenesis, serious disturbances occur, leading to a halt in the pregnancy development. The system of their biotransformation is responsible for the elimination of xenobiotics from the body, the inadequate functioning of which increases the activity of mutagenesis, which may raise the risk of breast cancer.
Materials and methods. One hundred thirty four women were examined. The first group included 63 women, 28 of them were diagnosed with fetal egg death in primigravida young women, in 35 women the first pregnancy ended with physiological childbirth. The second group included 71 woman, 33 of them were diagnosed with a malignant breast neoplasm, 38 had no suspicion of breast cancer (BC) according to the results of mammography. Polymorphisms of the CYP1A2*1F gene of the xenobiotic biotransformation system in these groups were determined by polymerase chain reaction.
Results. In the group of women with a missed first pregnancy, a statistically reliable association of a high risk of the fetal egg death with the A/A CYP1A2*1F genotype and resistance to this pathology in the case of the C/A CYP1A2*1F polymorphism was revealed. In the group of BC women, the association of a high risk of developing a malignant neoplasm with the A/A CYP1A2*1F genotype and resistance to the development of the disease in the presence of C/A CYP1A2*1F polymorphism was shown.
Limitations. The study was limited by the number of samples, there is no data on polymorphisms of the BRCA-1, BRCA-2 genes.
Conclusion. The results obtained will allow not only adjusting the tactics of pregnancy management in women with a high risk of the fetal egg death or the selection of pharmacological drugs in the treatment of BC under the conditions of serious environmental stress, but also developing preventive measures to reduce the risk of these pathologies.
介绍。通常，漏孕是由多种因素共同造成的。外源因素可具有致畸作用，导致不同程度突变的发生。在这种情况下，在胚胎发生的早期阶段，发生严重的干扰，导致妊娠发育停止。它们的生物转化系统负责消除体内的外来生物，其功能不足会增加诱变的活性，这可能会增加患乳腺癌的风险。材料和方法。134名妇女接受了检查。第一组包括63名妇女，其中28名初产妇被诊断为胎卵死亡，35名妇女首次怀孕以生理分娩结束。第二组71名妇女，其中33名诊断为乳腺恶性肿瘤，38名根据乳房x光检查结果未怀疑为乳腺癌(BC)。采用聚合酶链反应测定各组异种生物转化系统CYP1A2*1F基因多态性。
结果。在首次妊娠未成功的妇女组中，揭示了a / a CYP1A2*1F基因型和C/ a CYP1A2*1F基因型对这种病理的耐药性与胎卵死亡的高风险有统计学可靠的关联。在BC组女性中，a / a CYP1A2*1F基因型和C/ a CYP1A2*1F多态性与恶性肿瘤发展的高风险相关。
的局限性。受样本数量的限制，没有BRCA-1、BRCA-2基因多态性的数据。
结论。所获得的结果不仅可以调整胎卵死亡高风险妇女的妊娠管理策略或在严重环境应激条件下治疗BC的药物选择，而且还可以制定预防措施以降低这些病理的风险。
{"title":"Association of CYP1A2 gene polymorphism (rs762551) with the risk 
 of breast cancer and miscarriage of the first pregnancy","authors":"Olga N. Gulyaeva, Anastasiуa S. Kazitskaya, Evgeniya V. Ulanova, Sergey V. Matoshin, Mariya V. Chifranova, Lyudmila V. Renge, Svetlana V. Shramko","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-848-852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-848-852","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Missed pregnancy, as a rule, is caused by a combination of several factors. Exogenous factors can have a teratogenic effect, leading to the occurrence of mutations of varying severity. In such case at the early stages of embryogenesis, serious disturbances occur, leading to a halt in the pregnancy development. The system of their biotransformation is responsible for the elimination of xenobiotics from the body, the inadequate functioning of which increases the activity of mutagenesis, which may raise the risk of breast cancer.
 Materials and methods. One hundred thirty four women were examined. The first group included 63 women, 28 of them were diagnosed with fetal egg death in primigravida young women, in 35 women the first pregnancy ended with physiological childbirth. The second group included 71 woman, 33 of them were diagnosed with a malignant breast neoplasm, 38 had no suspicion of breast cancer (BC) according to the results of mammography. Polymorphisms of the CYP1A2*1F gene of the xenobiotic biotransformation system in these groups were determined by polymerase chain reaction.
 Results. In the group of women with a missed first pregnancy, a statistically reliable association of a high risk of the fetal egg death with the A/A CYP1A2*1F genotype and resistance to this pathology in the case of the C/A CYP1A2*1F polymorphism was revealed. In the group of BC women, the association of a high risk of developing a malignant neoplasm with the A/A CYP1A2*1F genotype and resistance to the development of the disease in the presence of C/A CYP1A2*1F polymorphism was shown.
 Limitations. The study was limited by the number of samples, there is no data on polymorphisms of the BRCA-1, BRCA-2 genes.
 Conclusion. The results obtained will allow not only adjusting the tactics of pregnancy management in women with a high risk of the fetal egg death or the selection of pharmacological drugs in the treatment of BC under the conditions of serious environmental stress, but also developing preventive measures to reduce the risk of these pathologies.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135149651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-775-782
Daria S. Borisova, Valerii P. Chashchin, Alexandr N. Nikanov, Nikolay N. Petruhin, Alexander A. Kovshov
Introduction. The causal association of infertility risk, complicated course and outcomes of pregnancy, as well as maternal, perinatal and neonatal mortality, with the lag-effects of cooling meteorological factors, is the least studied problem in occupational health. The national legal acts regulating occupational health issues do not classify the performance of labour operations in a low-temperature environment as work hazardous to reproductive health.
The purpose of the study. Based on an assessment of the likelihood of pregnancy complications in women engaged in labour operations in open areas or in unheated workrooms in cold climate regions, to develop recommendations for improving state regulation measures aimed at maintaining reproductive health and reducing reproductive losses in female workers employed in these regions.
Materials and methods. A questionnaire survey was conducted among two hundred forty six female workers of childbearing age performing labour operations in an open area or in unheated workrooms. As methods of statistical processing, conventional statistical methods were used using a personal computer with installed Microsoft software products (Microsoft Excel 2013) and application software (Statistica v.12).
Results. Performing labour operations in a cold environment is associated with a statistically significant higher prevalence of pregnancy complications in female workers engaged in cold season labour operations in open areas or unheated workrooms as long as from 1 to -3 hours, and especially more than 3 hours per work shift. Among the population living in the region of the Pechora coal basin, the risks of crisis phenomena in demographic development remain, which are mainly due to an increase in the frequency of pregnancy complications and, above all, due to high level of fetal and infant losses.
Conclusion. To solve one of the main tasks of national security to prevent further depopulation of the Arctic regions, in addition to socio-economic measures to preserve the population and increase the total fertility rate, it is necessary to improve the regulatory legal acts focused on the protection of the reproductive health of women working in a cold environment.
Limitations. The period of the study is from 2015 to 2019. The number of respondents was 246 women experienced one or more pregnancies when worked in the cold workplaces.
{"title":"Course and outcomes of pregnancy in women working in cold climate regions","authors":"Daria S. Borisova, Valerii P. Chashchin, Alexandr N. Nikanov, Nikolay N. Petruhin, Alexander A. Kovshov","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-775-782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-775-782","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The causal association of infertility risk, complicated course and outcomes of pregnancy, as well as maternal, perinatal and neonatal mortality, with the lag-effects of cooling meteorological factors, is the least studied problem in occupational health. The national legal acts regulating occupational health issues do not classify the performance of labour operations in a low-temperature environment as work hazardous to reproductive health. 
 The purpose of the study. Based on an assessment of the likelihood of pregnancy complications in women engaged in labour operations in open areas or in unheated workrooms in cold climate regions, to develop recommendations for improving state regulation measures aimed at maintaining reproductive health and reducing reproductive losses in female workers employed in these regions. 
 Materials and methods. A questionnaire survey was conducted among two hundred forty six female workers of childbearing age performing labour operations in an open area or in unheated workrooms. As methods of statistical processing, conventional statistical methods were used using a personal computer with installed Microsoft software products (Microsoft Excel 2013) and application software (Statistica v.12). 
 Results. Performing labour operations in a cold environment is associated with a statistically significant higher prevalence of pregnancy complications in female workers engaged in cold season labour operations in open areas or unheated workrooms as long as from 1 to -3 hours, and especially more than 3 hours per work shift. Among the population living in the region of the Pechora coal basin, the risks of crisis phenomena in demographic development remain, which are mainly due to an increase in the frequency of pregnancy complications and, above all, due to high level of fetal and infant losses. 
 Conclusion. To solve one of the main tasks of national security to prevent further depopulation of the Arctic regions, in addition to socio-economic measures to preserve the population and increase the total fertility rate, it is necessary to improve the regulatory legal acts focused on the protection of the reproductive health of women working in a cold environment. 
 Limitations. The period of the study is from 2015 to 2019. The number of respondents was 246 women experienced one or more pregnancies when worked in the cold workplaces.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135149516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-740-749
Anna Yu. Popova, Nina V. Zaitseva, Vadim B. Alekseev, Aleksandr N. Letyushev, Dmitry A. Kiryanov, Svetlana V. Kleyn, Marat R. Kamaltdinov, Maxim V. Glukhikh
Introduction. The work is dedicated to the parameterization of the COVID-19 epidemic process, taking into account the specifics of the Russian Federation regions.
Purpose of study is the analysis of the spatio-temporal distribution of heterogeneous indicators of the spread of COVID-19 based on the formalization and parametrization of waves of the epidemic process, bearing in mind regional specifics.
Materials and methods. SIR (+L) model as a modification of the classic SIR model, reflecting the trend in the transition of the susceptible to the action of the virus (S – susceptible) population to the group of infected (I – infected), recovered (R – recovered) and the dead (L – letal) was used as a basic model of the epidemic process.
Results. Time ranges of activation of the epidemic process in the regions of the Russian Federation, corresponding to waves of domination of certain strains of the virus, have been allocated on the basis of the analysis of time series COVID-19 morbidity with a week period of averaging. In total, starting from September 6, 2020 and ending on February 25, 2023, four epidemic waves have been allocated for each region. Analysis of SIR (+L) model parameters for each wave by regions of the Russian Federation made it possible to establish a number of characteristic trends and obtain interpretable directions of influence on the epidemic process individual stages, with the subsequent development of systemic strategic decisions on the preservation of population health and its level of safety at the regional and country-wide scale.
Limitations. The presented modification of the SIR model (SIR (+L) model) is a significant simplification of the real epidemic process and does not allow describing a number of observed effects.
Conclusion. Based on the results of the parametrization of the epidemic process, the main features and patterns of the spread of the COVID-19, the intensity of recovery and mortality were established. A further direction of research may be the complication of the epidemic process model, the addition of new parameters to it, taking into account the division of the population into gender and age groups, diseases by severity, grouping according to the territorial and social principle, and the identification of the latent morbidity.
{"title":"Heterogeneity of the modified SIR-model parameters of waves of COVID-19 epidemic process in the Russian Federation","authors":"Anna Yu. Popova, Nina V. Zaitseva, Vadim B. Alekseev, Aleksandr N. Letyushev, Dmitry A. Kiryanov, Svetlana V. Kleyn, Marat R. Kamaltdinov, Maxim V. Glukhikh","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-740-749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-740-749","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The work is dedicated to the parameterization of the COVID-19 epidemic process, taking into account the specifics of the Russian Federation regions. 
 Purpose of study is the analysis of the spatio-temporal distribution of heterogeneous indicators of the spread of COVID-19 based on the formalization and parametrization of waves of the epidemic process, bearing in mind regional specifics.
 Materials and methods. SIR (+L) model as a modification of the classic SIR model, reflecting the trend in the transition of the susceptible to the action of the virus (S – susceptible) population to the group of infected (I – infected), recovered (R – recovered) and the dead (L – letal) was used as a basic model of the epidemic process.
 Results. Time ranges of activation of the epidemic process in the regions of the Russian Federation, corresponding to waves of domination of certain strains of the virus, have been allocated on the basis of the analysis of time series COVID-19 morbidity with a week period of averaging. In total, starting from September 6, 2020 and ending on February 25, 2023, four epidemic waves have been allocated for each region. Analysis of SIR (+L) model parameters for each wave by regions of the Russian Federation made it possible to establish a number of characteristic trends and obtain interpretable directions of influence on the epidemic process individual stages, with the subsequent development of systemic strategic decisions on the preservation of population health and its level of safety at the regional and country-wide scale.
 Limitations. The presented modification of the SIR model (SIR (+L) model) is a significant simplification of the real epidemic process and does not allow describing a number of observed effects.
 Conclusion. Based on the results of the parametrization of the epidemic process, the main features and patterns of the spread of the COVID-19, the intensity of recovery and mortality were established. A further direction of research may be the complication of the epidemic process model, the addition of new parameters to it, taking into account the division of the population into gender and age groups, diseases by severity, grouping according to the territorial and social principle, and the identification of the latent morbidity.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135149517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-836-841
Olga A. Molchanova, Olga G. Bogdanova, Vladimir A. Pankov, Mikhail Yu. Itygilov
Introduction. Increasing and expanding the volume of aircraft production causes an additional burden on the health of employees involved in the production process and, accordingly, the risks of occurrence of both occupational and production-related diseases increase.
Aim of the study is to assess the occupational health risks for employees in main occupations of the aircraft building enterprise in terms of the incidence of temporary disability.
Materials and methods. The incidence with temporary disability (ITD) of employees of the main occupations of the aircraft building enterprise (ABE) for the period 2017–2021 were studied using methods of descriptive statistics. Significance level determined at p < 0.05.
Results. During the analyzed period there was the gain in ITD among working ABE was shown to be in all study groups. Average indicators for the number of cases, days of disability in working ABE in the main groups are higher of similar indicators in the control groups. During the qualitative assessment of ITD, average indicators for employees of noise and vibration-hazardous occupations in terms of the number of cases and days of disability were found to be very high, for those working in contact with chemicals – high.
Limitations. The results of this study are due to the general morbidity, excluding occupational, which requires further research.
Conclusion. In the current conditions of industrial development of the AВE, it is necessary to constantly improve preventive measures for labour protection aimed at reducing occupational risks.
{"title":"Morbidity of aircraft workers with temporary disability","authors":"Olga A. Molchanova, Olga G. Bogdanova, Vladimir A. Pankov, Mikhail Yu. Itygilov","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-836-841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-836-841","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Increasing and expanding the volume of aircraft production causes an additional burden on the health of employees involved in the production process and, accordingly, the risks of occurrence of both occupational and production-related diseases increase.
 Aim of the study is to assess the occupational health risks for employees in main occupations of the aircraft building enterprise in terms of the incidence of temporary disability. 
 Materials and methods. The incidence with temporary disability (ITD) of employees of the main occupations of the aircraft building enterprise (ABE) for the period 2017–2021 were studied using methods of descriptive statistics. Significance level determined at p < 0.05.
 Results. During the analyzed period there was the gain in ITD among working ABE was shown to be in all study groups. Average indicators for the number of cases, days of disability in working ABE in the main groups are higher of similar indicators in the control groups. During the qualitative assessment of ITD, average indicators for employees of noise and vibration-hazardous occupations in terms of the number of cases and days of disability were found to be very high, for those working in contact with chemicals – high.
 Limitations. The results of this study are due to the general morbidity, excluding occupational, which requires further research.
 Conclusion. In the current conditions of industrial development of the AВE, it is necessary to constantly improve preventive measures for labour protection aimed at reducing occupational risks.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135148701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-842-847
Gennady B. Yeremin, Natalya A. Mozzhukhina, Darya S. Borisova
A significant gain in the volume of sales of vended water, both throughout the world and in our country, makes it relevant to analyze the problems of ensuring the quality and safety of vended water. The original articles on the problems of using vended water, presented in the bibliographic and abstract databases and information systems PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, eLIBRARY.RU, CyberLeninka, The Cochrane Library, met the criteria for compliance with the stated purpose and quality of research results, are analyzed. A total of ninty three full-text reports were identified by targeted search, of which 54 fully met these inclusion criteria. Vended water is one of the economically attractive ways to provide affordable drinking water with high organoleptic properties. National laws regulate the quality and safety of vended water differently: in some countries (Malaysia) vended water is regulated in one legal act together with packaged water and is considered as a food product, in others (USA) it is considered as non-communal public water supply, to which US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) requirements are applied. The Russian regulatory and legal framework in relation to vended water is in the process of formation, so far it has a recommendation character. The problem of microbiological safety of vended water is global. In the studies conducted, the safety of vended water was associated not only with the quality of water from the source of water supply and the method (or lack) of water treatment, but also with the location and design of water dispensers, the health status and hygiene skills of sellers/manufectures, and the hygiene skills of consumers, including cleanliness of hands and condition of containers (often reusable). The studies noted the importance of the quality of maintenance, disinfection of aquamats and quality control of vending water to ensure water quality and safety. When using reverse osmosis technologies in aquamats, the problem of reducing the mineralization of vended water also requires control of the total mineralization, calcium, and magnesium cations.
随着我国和世界各地自来水销售量的显著增长，分析自来水的质量和安全问题具有重要意义。在书目和摘要数据库和信息系统PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, eLIBRARY中提供的关于使用自动供水问题的原始文章。RU、CyberLeninka、Cochrane Library符合研究目的和研究结果质量的标准，对其进行分析。通过目标检索共识别出93篇全文报告，其中54篇完全符合这些纳入标准。自动售货水是一种经济上有吸引力的方式，提供负担得起的高感官性能的饮用水。国家法律对瓶装水的质量和安全有不同的规定:在一些国家(马来西亚)，瓶装水与包装水一起被视为食品，在另一些国家(美国)，瓶装水被视为非公共供水，适用于美国环境保护署(US EPA)的要求。俄罗斯关于出售水的监管和法律框架正在形成过程中，到目前为止它具有推荐性。供水的微生物安全问题是一个全球性的问题。在进行的研究中，售水的安全性不仅与供水水源的水质和水处理方法(或缺乏)有关，还与饮水机的位置和设计、销售商/制造商的健康状况和卫生技能以及消费者的卫生技能有关，包括手的清洁度和容器(通常可重复使用)的状况。这些研究指出，维修质量、水塘消毒和自动售水质量控制对确保水质和安全至关重要。当在水层中使用反渗透技术时，降低流出水矿化的问题还需要控制总矿化、钙和镁阳离子。
{"title":"Hygienic problems of the use of Vended Water (literature review)","authors":"Gennady B. Yeremin, Natalya A. Mozzhukhina, Darya S. Borisova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-842-847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-842-847","url":null,"abstract":"A significant gain in the volume of sales of vended water, both throughout the world and in our country, makes it relevant to analyze the problems of ensuring the quality and safety of vended water. The original articles on the problems of using vended water, presented in the bibliographic and abstract databases and information systems PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, eLIBRARY.RU, CyberLeninka, The Cochrane Library, met the criteria for compliance with the stated purpose and quality of research results, are analyzed. A total of ninty three full-text reports were identified by targeted search, of which 54 fully met these inclusion criteria. Vended water is one of the economically attractive ways to provide affordable drinking water with high organoleptic properties. National laws regulate the quality and safety of vended water differently: in some countries (Malaysia) vended water is regulated in one legal act together with packaged water and is considered as a food product, in others (USA) it is considered as non-communal public water supply, to which US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) requirements are applied. The Russian regulatory and legal framework in relation to vended water is in the process of formation, so far it has a recommendation character. The problem of microbiological safety of vended water is global. In the studies conducted, the safety of vended water was associated not only with the quality of water from the source of water supply and the method (or lack) of water treatment, but also with the location and design of water dispensers, the health status and hygiene skills of sellers/manufectures, and the hygiene skills of consumers, including cleanliness of hands and condition of containers (often reusable). The studies noted the importance of the quality of maintenance, disinfection of aquamats and quality control of vending water to ensure water quality and safety. When using reverse osmosis technologies in aquamats, the problem of reducing the mineralization of vended water also requires control of the total mineralization, calcium, and magnesium cations.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135148702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-750-756
Otari G. Khurtsilava, Olga V. Mironenko, Sergey N. Noskov, Khamzat K. Magomedov, Andrey V. Pankin, Ekaterina A. Fedorova, Denis A. Obukhov, Olga K. Suvorova
Introduction. The problem of neutralization/decontamination of medical waste generated in medical institutions occupies a significant place among the existing epidemiological and environmental problems. Domestic and foreign colleagues consider the use of thermal methods for the disposal of medical waste to be a priority. Despite technological advances in the system of purification of «exhaust» gases, the work of enterprises for the disposal of medical waste is still of concern to the population of the territories in which they operate.
The objective of the study. The assessment of the impact of low-temperature and high-temperature thermal treatment of medical waste on the atmospheric air and public health in the zone of their influence to substantiate the laboratory control program using these technologies.
Materials and methods. The work used sanitary-chemical methods for studying emissions from installations for the thermal treatment of medical waste, modelling the dispersion of emissions with the calculation of ground-level concentrations, and the methodology for assessing the risk to public health based on «Guidelines for assessing the risk to public health from exposure to chemicals polluting the environment».
Results. The results of the calculation of the carcinogenic risk to public health from high-temperature neutralization technologies are assessed as the maximum allowable and acceptable, from the low-temperature method as acceptable.
Limitations. Emissions from the main technologies for the disposal of medical waste included substances with a carcinogenic effect, but the carcinogenic risk was calculated only for those substances that had a carcinogenic potential factor.
Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, when managing production laboratory control programs and monitoring atmospheric air in the impact zone of medical waste incineration enterprises, it is necessary to include the such components in the mandatory list of monitored indicators as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, suspended solids, cadmium oxide, nitrogen oxide, dioxins, and benz/a/pyrene; in the operating area of installations for low-temperature thermal treatment of medical waste (autoclaving), it is necessary to control chemical components as follows: benzene, dimethylbenzene, methylbenzene, ethylbenzene, 2-butoxyethanol, butan-1-ol, propan-1-ol.
{"title":"Comparative assessment of the carcinogenic risk arising from the release of products of high-temperature and low-temperature neutralization of medical waste into the air","authors":"Otari G. Khurtsilava, Olga V. Mironenko, Sergey N. Noskov, Khamzat K. Magomedov, Andrey V. Pankin, Ekaterina A. Fedorova, Denis A. Obukhov, Olga K. Suvorova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-750-756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-750-756","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The problem of neutralization/decontamination of medical waste generated in medical institutions occupies a significant place among the existing epidemiological and environmental problems. Domestic and foreign colleagues consider the use of thermal methods for the disposal of medical waste to be a priority. Despite technological advances in the system of purification of «exhaust» gases, the work of enterprises for the disposal of medical waste is still of concern to the population of the territories in which they operate.
 The objective of the study. The assessment of the impact of low-temperature and high-temperature thermal treatment of medical waste on the atmospheric air and public health in the zone of their influence to substantiate the laboratory control program using these technologies.
 Materials and methods. The work used sanitary-chemical methods for studying emissions from installations for the thermal treatment of medical waste, modelling the dispersion of emissions with the calculation of ground-level concentrations, and the methodology for assessing the risk to public health based on «Guidelines for assessing the risk to public health from exposure to chemicals polluting the environment».
 Results. The results of the calculation of the carcinogenic risk to public health from high-temperature neutralization technologies are assessed as the maximum allowable and acceptable, from the low-temperature method as acceptable.
 Limitations. Emissions from the main technologies for the disposal of medical waste included substances with a carcinogenic effect, but the carcinogenic risk was calculated only for those substances that had a carcinogenic potential factor.
 Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, when managing production laboratory control programs and monitoring atmospheric air in the impact zone of medical waste incineration enterprises, it is necessary to include the such components in the mandatory list of monitored indicators as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, suspended solids, cadmium oxide, nitrogen oxide, dioxins, and benz/a/pyrene; in the operating area of installations for low-temperature thermal treatment of medical waste (autoclaving), it is necessary to control chemical components as follows: benzene, dimethylbenzene, methylbenzene, ethylbenzene, 2-butoxyethanol, butan-1-ol, propan-1-ol.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135149644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-768-774
Aleksandr A. Kovshov, Yuliya A. Novikova, Vladimir N. Fedorov, Nadezhda A. Tikhonova, Igor O. Myasnikov, Roman V. Buzinov
Introduction. Modern methodological approaches make it possible to assess the risk of waterborne bacterial intestinal infections, taking into account both the sanitary and hygienic conditions of water used by the population and the level of communal improvement of the territory.
The purpose of the study was to assess the degree of epidemic danger of bacterial intestinal infections associated with the conditions of centralized drinking and household water supply, using the example of the subjects of the Northwestern Federal District.
Materials and methods. The study tested the data of the federal statistical observation form No. 18 “Information on the sanitary condition of the subject”, the federal information fund of social and hygienic monitoring, and the Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System. We analyzed the materials for 2022 in eleven subjects of the Northwestern Federal District. Method MR 2.1.10.0031-11 was taken as the basis for microbial risk assessment.
Results. The Republic of Karelia, Vologda, Arkhangelsk, and Novgorod regions are characterized by an average degree of microbial risk in terms of the proportion of drinking water samples in the distribution network, in which generalized coliform bacteria were found; Novgorod region and the Republic of Karelia have a high degree of risk for E. coli. The lowest number of population provided with centralized water supply, corresponding to a high degree of microbial risk, was found in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. This region is also characterized by the lowest average daily water consumption per capita.
Limitations. The study tested the data on the subjects of the North-Western Federal District in 2022, the quality of drinking water was assessed only according to the results of laboratory studies conducted by the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing.
Conclusion. Most regions of the Russian North-West are characterized by an average degree of microbial risk, except for St. Petersburg, where a low degree of risk is established. The use of an alternative variant of risk ranking by 5 degrees (low, slightly increased, increased, significantly increased, high) showed that in the Republic of Karelia, Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions, and Nenets Autonomous Okrug, there is a significantly elevated degree of microbial risk.
{"title":"Determination of the microbial risk degree to health of the population provided with centralized water supply","authors":"Aleksandr A. Kovshov, Yuliya A. Novikova, Vladimir N. Fedorov, Nadezhda A. Tikhonova, Igor O. Myasnikov, Roman V. Buzinov","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-768-774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-768-774","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Modern methodological approaches make it possible to assess the risk of waterborne bacterial intestinal infections, taking into account both the sanitary and hygienic conditions of water used by the population and the level of communal improvement of the territory.
 The purpose of the study was to assess the degree of epidemic danger of bacterial intestinal infections associated with the conditions of centralized drinking and household water supply, using the example of the subjects of the Northwestern Federal District.
 Materials and methods. The study tested the data of the federal statistical observation form No. 18 “Information on the sanitary condition of the subject”, the federal information fund of social and hygienic monitoring, and the Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System. We analyzed the materials for 2022 in eleven subjects of the Northwestern Federal District. Method MR 2.1.10.0031-11 was taken as the basis for microbial risk assessment.
 Results. The Republic of Karelia, Vologda, Arkhangelsk, and Novgorod regions are characterized by an average degree of microbial risk in terms of the proportion of drinking water samples in the distribution network, in which generalized coliform bacteria were found; Novgorod region and the Republic of Karelia have a high degree of risk for E. coli. The lowest number of population provided with centralized water supply, corresponding to a high degree of microbial risk, was found in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. This region is also characterized by the lowest average daily water consumption per capita.
 Limitations. The study tested the data on the subjects of the North-Western Federal District in 2022, the quality of drinking water was assessed only according to the results of laboratory studies conducted by the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing.
 Conclusion. Most regions of the Russian North-West are characterized by an average degree of microbial risk, except for St. Petersburg, where a low degree of risk is established. The use of an alternative variant of risk ranking by 5 degrees (low, slightly increased, increased, significantly increased, high) showed that in the Republic of Karelia, Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions, and Nenets Autonomous Okrug, there is a significantly elevated degree of microbial risk.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135149649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-830-835
Marina V. Kuleshova, Vladimir A. Pankov
Introduction. The study of the specifics of the emotional burnout (EB) manifestation, the factors contributing to its occurrence in people of different occupations, is very relevant. However, the influence of personality factors on EB remains insufficiently resolved.
The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between anxiety, depression levels, and EB in health care workers.
Materials and methods. An online study of the EB components, anxiety, and depression in health care occupations was carried out using V.V. Boyko’s questionnaire, Spielberger-Khanin and Zung scales. The research results are displayed as median, upper and lower quartiles, intensive and extensive indicators. The assessment of the relationship between variables was performed with the calculation of the Spearman correlation coefficient.
Results. The formation of EB phases is characterized for the examined group: “Tension” – in 35.7 per 100 examined, “Resistance” – in 53.6 per 100 examined, “Exhaustion” – in 14.3 per 100 examined. The dominant symptoms are experience of traumatic circumstances (50.0%), reduction of occupational responsibilities (60.7%), emotional and moral disorientation (46.4%), expansion of the sphere of saving emotions (42.9%), and depersonalization (46.4%). Persons in whom any formed EB phase have a high level of trait and state anxiety, and depression. Among those surveyed with an unformed EB phase, the proportion of highly anxious individuals is significantly lower, and there are no signs of depression. Correlation analysis of the relationship revealed statistically significant relationships between the symptoms caused the formation of a particular EB phase and depression, anxiety.
Limitations. The study is one-stage, performed with the participation of one professional group.
Conclusion. A significant share of the health care occupations experience EB symptoms, and there is a reciprocal relationship between the EB severity and anxiety, and depression. In the majority of examined respondents, EB syndrome is in a dynamic development state. Prospective longitudinal studies are needed, in which a special place should be given to systematic clinical observation.
{"title":"Psychoemotional state during the formation of emotional burnout syndrome in middle-grade medical staff","authors":"Marina V. Kuleshova, Vladimir A. Pankov","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-830-835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-8-830-835","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The study of the specifics of the emotional burnout (EB) manifestation, the factors contributing to its occurrence in people of different occupations, is very relevant. However, the influence of personality factors on EB remains insufficiently resolved. 
 The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between anxiety, depression levels, and EB in health care workers.
 Materials and methods. An online study of the EB components, anxiety, and depression in health care occupations was carried out using V.V. Boyko’s questionnaire, Spielberger-Khanin and Zung scales. The research results are displayed as median, upper and lower quartiles, intensive and extensive indicators. The assessment of the relationship between variables was performed with the calculation of the Spearman correlation coefficient.
 Results. The formation of EB phases is characterized for the examined group: “Tension” – in 35.7 per 100 examined, “Resistance” – in 53.6 per 100 examined, “Exhaustion” – in 14.3 per 100 examined. The dominant symptoms are experience of traumatic circumstances (50.0%), reduction of occupational responsibilities (60.7%), emotional and moral disorientation (46.4%), expansion of the sphere of saving emotions (42.9%), and depersonalization (46.4%). Persons in whom any formed EB phase have a high level of trait and state anxiety, and depression. Among those surveyed with an unformed EB phase, the proportion of highly anxious individuals is significantly lower, and there are no signs of depression. Correlation analysis of the relationship revealed statistically significant relationships between the symptoms caused the formation of a particular EB phase and depression, anxiety.
 Limitations. The study is one-stage, performed with the participation of one professional group.
 Conclusion. A significant share of the health care occupations experience EB symptoms, and there is a reciprocal relationship between the EB severity and anxiety, and depression. In the majority of examined respondents, EB syndrome is in a dynamic development state. Prospective longitudinal studies are needed, in which a special place should be given to systematic clinical observation.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135149514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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