B. Babatunde, F. Sikoki, M. Onojake, R. U. Akpiri, D. Akpuloma
A study of the concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, Zn, Pb, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Na in the sediment, sea water, fish and crab of the Bonny/New Calabar River Estuary in Niger Delta, Nigeria was carried out using atomic absorption spectrophotometer A-100 for two consecutive years. The contamination levels of the respective metals varied between 2011 and 2012and the range of mean values for all metals in mg/kg were presented along with variations at statistically significant level (P <0.05) between the two years studied. Only K, Zn and Co exhibited variation in their concentrations in water samples between the two years at a statistical significant level (P <0.05) probability. In sediment, only Cr varied between the two years at a statistically significant level (P = 0.05). All metals concentrations were higher in sediment than in water samples.Bioaccumulation factor (BF) indicated a more potent source of metals from sediment than water with organisms accumulating Zn, Fe and Ni in the magnitude of 10, 6 and 5 times more from sediment than from water. Some metals were more accumulated in fish than crab and vice versa. The evidence of elevated levels of heavy metals in sediment and bioaccumulation in biota in the studied area may poise a wanton threat to the health of inhabitants whose diet is predominantly fish. This calls for regular monitoring to avert potential public health problems arising from consumption of metals in seafood.
{"title":"HEAVY METAL PROFILES IN VARIOUS MATRICES OF THE BONNY/NEW CALABAR RIVER ESTUARY, NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA","authors":"B. Babatunde, F. Sikoki, M. Onojake, R. U. Akpiri, D. Akpuloma","doi":"10.4314/GJES.V12I1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJES.V12I1.1","url":null,"abstract":"A study of the concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, Zn, Pb, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Na in the sediment, sea water, fish and crab of the Bonny/New Calabar River Estuary in Niger Delta, Nigeria was carried out using atomic absorption spectrophotometer A-100 for two consecutive years. The contamination levels of the respective metals varied between 2011 and 2012and the range of mean values for all metals in mg/kg were presented along with variations at statistically significant level (P <0.05) between the two years studied. Only K, Zn and Co exhibited variation in their concentrations in water samples between the two years at a statistical significant level (P <0.05) probability. In sediment, only Cr varied between the two years at a statistically significant level (P = 0.05). All metals concentrations were higher in sediment than in water samples.Bioaccumulation factor (BF) indicated a more potent source of metals from sediment than water with organisms accumulating Zn, Fe and Ni in the magnitude of 10, 6 and 5 times more from sediment than from water. Some metals were more accumulated in fish than crab and vice versa. The evidence of elevated levels of heavy metals in sediment and bioaccumulation in biota in the studied area may poise a wanton threat to the health of inhabitants whose diet is predominantly fish. This calls for regular monitoring to avert potential public health problems arising from consumption of metals in seafood.","PeriodicalId":12569,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87586853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of Indomie industrial effluent discharge on the fish fauna of New Calabar River was investigated in order to ascertain the influence of BOD, COD, DO, TDS, TSS, pH, salinity, phosphate and temperature on the composition and distribution of fish fauna. The diversity of the fish fauna was found to be poor, only 12 fish species in 6 families were identified. The highest number (10) of fishes was recorded in station 4 while the least number (1) of fishes was observed in station 1. The fish families were: Cichlidae (38.89%), Clupidae (33.33%), Pomadasyidae (16.67%), Bagridae (11.11%) while Genidae and Muglidae had zero percentage of fishes in its abundant. The resident fish species ( Ethmalosa fimbriata and Tilapia guinensis ) were highly adapted to the changes in the study environment and this was dependent on their trophic relationship within the environment. These species had great affinity for indomie industrial waste, because they feed on waste remains, mud/sediment silts and annelids, juveniles of shrimps and crabs. The deterioration of water quality was evident by the high BOD (12.80mg/L), COD (130mg/L), TDS (37mg/L), TSS (62mg/L), pH (5.2), salinity (50.54mg/L), phosphate (0.14mg/L) and temperature (27 0 C) as well as the low dissolved oxygen (2.8mg/L) values observed. It was recommended that a routine treatment of the effluent before discharge into the water should be carried out so to maintain safe levels of industrial effluent in the immediate and extended environment.
{"title":"Effect of Indomie industrial effluent discharge on fish fauna of New Calabar River, Port Harcourt","authors":"G. Woke, B. Babatunde, Wokoma Aleleye","doi":"10.4314/gjes.v12i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjes.v12i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of Indomie industrial effluent discharge on the fish fauna of New Calabar River was investigated in order to ascertain the influence of BOD, COD, DO, TDS, TSS, pH, salinity, phosphate and temperature on the composition and distribution of fish fauna. The diversity of the fish fauna was found to be poor, only 12 fish species in 6 families were identified. The highest number (10) of fishes was recorded in station 4 while the least number (1) of fishes was observed in station 1. The fish families were: Cichlidae (38.89%), Clupidae (33.33%), Pomadasyidae (16.67%), Bagridae (11.11%) while Genidae and Muglidae had zero percentage of fishes in its abundant. The resident fish species ( Ethmalosa fimbriata and Tilapia guinensis ) were highly adapted to the changes in the study environment and this was dependent on their trophic relationship within the environment. These species had great affinity for indomie industrial waste, because they feed on waste remains, mud/sediment silts and annelids, juveniles of shrimps and crabs. The deterioration of water quality was evident by the high BOD (12.80mg/L), COD (130mg/L), TDS (37mg/L), TSS (62mg/L), pH (5.2), salinity (50.54mg/L), phosphate (0.14mg/L) and temperature (27 0 C) as well as the low dissolved oxygen (2.8mg/L) values observed. It was recommended that a routine treatment of the effluent before discharge into the water should be carried out so to maintain safe levels of industrial effluent in the immediate and extended environment.","PeriodicalId":12569,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"41-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83309197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sludge and soil samples were collected through purposive sampling method within Champion Breweries and Plasto Crown Company waste disposal sites during wet and dry seasons for status evaluation of their heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cd, Co and Hg) for comparison with the control site and the world threshold standards for tropical soils. The results showed that the sludge pH value of 7.89 during wet season signified alkaline medium (outside the natural range of acidic medium for soils in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria) which was attributed to the high calcium content of the brewery effluent. The 7.42 pH value during wet season for soil in the Plasto Crown Company waste disposal site indicated alkaline medium which was due to the remnants of the wastes which formed lime to neutralize the acidic medium of the soil while the electrical conductivity values (below 4 dSm-1) indicated the nonsalinity of the soils. More so, a two way analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical method used to run the analysis revealed that the soil in terms of heavy metal concentrations did not exceed the world threshold standards. Keywords : Soil, sludge, heavy metal concentrations, permissible standards.
{"title":"Status evaluation of heavy metals in waste disposal sites of champion breweries and plasto crown company, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria","authors":"Us Umana","doi":"10.4314/GJES.V12I1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJES.V12I1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Sludge and soil samples were collected through purposive sampling method within Champion Breweries and Plasto Crown Company waste disposal sites during wet and dry seasons for status evaluation of their heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cd, Co and Hg) for comparison with the control site and the world threshold standards for tropical soils. The results showed that the sludge pH value of 7.89 during wet season signified alkaline medium (outside the natural range of acidic medium for soils in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria) which was attributed to the high calcium content of the brewery effluent. The 7.42 pH value during wet season for soil in the Plasto Crown Company waste disposal site indicated alkaline medium which was due to the remnants of the wastes which formed lime to neutralize the acidic medium of the soil while the electrical conductivity values (below 4 dSm-1) indicated the nonsalinity of the soils. More so, a two way analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical method used to run the analysis revealed that the soil in terms of heavy metal concentrations did not exceed the world threshold standards. Keywords : Soil, sludge, heavy metal concentrations, permissible standards.","PeriodicalId":12569,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"49-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82859646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main source of heavy metals in most soils is sewage sludge. Naturally, the heavy metals in soils are transported to vegetations and cultivated crops. These pollutants need to be either reduced or eliminated in the soil to remediate the effects to man, animals, plants, soils, and groundwater. Hence, Jatropha curcas seedlings were planted on six different media to determine the concentration of heavy metals. Thereafter, it was discovered that Jatropha curcas plants through their roots, stems and leaves metabolism, morphology and mechanisms can reduce the concentration of heavy metals like Zinc, Lead, Chromium, Cadmium, and Copper etc effectively from any medium containing 100% sewage sludge. Thus, it was discovered that Jatropha curcas plant is suitable as a phytoremediator of heavy metals in soils. KEYWORDS : Heavy metal, phytoremediation, sewage sludge, metabolism, morphology.
{"title":"PHYTOREMEDIATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE IN SOILS CONTAMINATED WITH HEAVY METALS","authors":"C. O. Awalla","doi":"10.4314/GJES.V12I1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJES.V12I1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The main source of heavy metals in most soils is sewage sludge. Naturally, the heavy metals in soils are transported to vegetations and cultivated crops. These pollutants need to be either reduced or eliminated in the soil to remediate the effects to man, animals, plants, soils, and groundwater. Hence, Jatropha curcas seedlings were planted on six different media to determine the concentration of heavy metals. Thereafter, it was discovered that Jatropha curcas plants through their roots, stems and leaves metabolism, morphology and mechanisms can reduce the concentration of heavy metals like Zinc, Lead, Chromium, Cadmium, and Copper etc effectively from any medium containing 100% sewage sludge. Thus, it was discovered that Jatropha curcas plant is suitable as a phytoremediator of heavy metals in soils. KEYWORDS : Heavy metal, phytoremediation, sewage sludge, metabolism, morphology.","PeriodicalId":12569,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"13-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89713505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High amount of heavy metal ions like Cr in the environment has been harmful for animal and human health. Bioadsorption of Cr from tannery wastes would be an alternative method to the chemical treatment in tannery industries. Hence, in this study the efficiency of Moringa stenopetala seed extract to adsorption Cr from tannery waste water was investigated. The influence of solution pH, adsorbent concentration, initial concentration of Cr, contact time and temperature on the efficiency of Moringa stenopetala seed extract for the adsorption of Cr from tannery effluent was studied. Results obtained revealed that in strongly acidic condition Moringa stenopetala seed extract was less efficient to remove Cr. However, the result of the present study showed that Moringa stenopetala seed extract at a concentration of 1g/100 ml and pH of 9.5 decreased the concentration of Cr in tannery waste by 99.86%. In addition, the adsorption data was correlated using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Temkin isotherm models. Among models studied Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm was the best fit with correlation coefficient of 0.958. Moreover, thermodynamics parameters, such as Gibbs free energy (AGo), enthalpy (AHo), and entropy (ASo) were calculated. Results indicated that the bioadsorption of Cr by Moringa stenopetal a seed extract was spontaneous, feasible and endothermic. The results of this study proved that Moringa stenopetala seed extract can be used to remove Cr from tannery effluent. KEYWORDS : Moringa stenopetala , Cr, tannery, pH, temperature, concentration
{"title":"Tannery wastes water treatment using Moringa Stenopetala seed extract","authors":"Shetie Gatew, W. Mersha","doi":"10.4314/GJES.V12I1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJES.V12I1.4","url":null,"abstract":"High amount of heavy metal ions like Cr in the environment has been harmful for animal and human health. Bioadsorption of Cr from tannery wastes would be an alternative method to the chemical treatment in tannery industries. Hence, in this study the efficiency of Moringa stenopetala seed extract to adsorption Cr from tannery waste water was investigated. The influence of solution pH, adsorbent concentration, initial concentration of Cr, contact time and temperature on the efficiency of Moringa stenopetala seed extract for the adsorption of Cr from tannery effluent was studied. Results obtained revealed that in strongly acidic condition Moringa stenopetala seed extract was less efficient to remove Cr. However, the result of the present study showed that Moringa stenopetala seed extract at a concentration of 1g/100 ml and pH of 9.5 decreased the concentration of Cr in tannery waste by 99.86%. In addition, the adsorption data was correlated using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Temkin isotherm models. Among models studied Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm was the best fit with correlation coefficient of 0.958. Moreover, thermodynamics parameters, such as Gibbs free energy (AGo), enthalpy (AHo), and entropy (ASo) were calculated. Results indicated that the bioadsorption of Cr by Moringa stenopetal a seed extract was spontaneous, feasible and endothermic. The results of this study proved that Moringa stenopetala seed extract can be used to remove Cr from tannery effluent. KEYWORDS : Moringa stenopetala , Cr, tannery, pH, temperature, concentration","PeriodicalId":12569,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"29-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75120026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of mild concentrations of diesel (10.40,15.60,21.00 and 26.00 mg/l) on some biochemical parameters such as Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT), and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), in the tissue of periwinkle ( tympanotonus fuscatus ) were examined using a renewal static bioassay for six days. The activities of the enzymes were measured on 120 specimens of periwinkle of size between 4.5-5.5cm lengths. The result of AST activity in the muscle showed either an increased or decreased activity against the control. The activity of ALT showed significant (p=0.05) decrease in all the test concentrations. ALT also showed significant difference (p=0.05) which were either higher or lower than the control value. In the viscera, activity of AST significantly increased (p=0.05) than that of the control. ALT activity was significantly increased (p=0.05) above the control except at 10.40ml/L where a significant decrease (p=0.05) was observed. Significant increase (p=0.05) was observed in the activity of ALP above the control value except at 10.40ml/L. The result of the tissue enzyme activities indicated alteration in the biochemistry of tympanotonus fuscatus and therefore could be used as a biomarker of aquatic pollution and toxicities. KEYWORDS : Diesel, Tympanotonus fuscatus , Enzyme, Toxicity, pollution
{"title":"DIESEL EXPOSURE OF TYMPANOTONUS FUSCATUS AND ITS EFFECTS ON ENZYME ACTIVITY","authors":"O. Edori, D. M. George, E. Edori","doi":"10.4314/gjes.v12i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjes.v12i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of mild concentrations of diesel (10.40,15.60,21.00 and 26.00 mg/l) on some biochemical parameters such as Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT), and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), in the tissue of periwinkle ( tympanotonus fuscatus ) were examined using a renewal static bioassay for six days. The activities of the enzymes were measured on 120 specimens of periwinkle of size between 4.5-5.5cm lengths. The result of AST activity in the muscle showed either an increased or decreased activity against the control. The activity of ALT showed significant (p=0.05) decrease in all the test concentrations. ALT also showed significant difference (p=0.05) which were either higher or lower than the control value. In the viscera, activity of AST significantly increased (p=0.05) than that of the control. ALT activity was significantly increased (p=0.05) above the control except at 10.40ml/L where a significant decrease (p=0.05) was observed. Significant increase (p=0.05) was observed in the activity of ALP above the control value except at 10.40ml/L. The result of the tissue enzyme activities indicated alteration in the biochemistry of tympanotonus fuscatus and therefore could be used as a biomarker of aquatic pollution and toxicities. KEYWORDS : Diesel, Tympanotonus fuscatus , Enzyme, Toxicity, pollution","PeriodicalId":12569,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"1955 1","pages":"21-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88764071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water quality assessment in the Ethiopian highlands is crucial owing to increasing competing need of water for domestic, agricultural and industrial uses. Twelve physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in water samples collected over a period of five months from three different sources; groundwater (hand dug wells and protected hand pumps) and surface water (streams and lake) in Bahir Dar and peri-urban areas. Differences in water quality parameters between the sources were compared to identify pollutant sources and level of compliance with certain water quality criteria. Based on cluster analysis, the sampling stations were classified into two major categories; inner city and outer city; with the surface waters recording far more pollution by fecal contamination. Chloride, TDS, conductivity, total hardness and all the species of nitrogen (nitrite, nitrate and ammonium) were higher in the inner city than the remaining water habitats except the outer ground water stations. Conductivity decreased along the presumptive pollution categories significantly, i.e. inner > middle > out skirt (P< 0.05) and showed medium to high correlation with chloride, total hardness, nitrate, nitrite, total dissolved solids in ground water (r = 0.58 – 0.85). Dissolved oxygen, pH and SAK254 were higher in the lake station than other water bodies. The results from this research would help in developing best management practices for the Bahir Dar municipal water scheme and for regional water scheme program in the future and provide information for formulating appropriate framework for an integrated water management strategy.
{"title":"Water quality assessment of underground and surface water resources of Bahir Dar and Periurban areas, north-west Ethiopia","authors":"G. Goshu, O. Akoma","doi":"10.4314/GJES.V10I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJES.V10I1","url":null,"abstract":"Water quality assessment in the Ethiopian highlands is crucial owing to increasing competing need of water for domestic, agricultural and industrial uses. Twelve physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in water samples collected over a period of five months from three different sources; groundwater (hand dug wells and protected hand pumps) and surface water (streams and lake) in Bahir Dar and peri-urban areas. Differences in water quality parameters between the sources were compared to identify pollutant sources and level of compliance with certain water quality criteria. Based on cluster analysis, the sampling stations were classified into two major categories; inner city and outer city; with the surface waters recording far more pollution by fecal contamination. Chloride, TDS, conductivity, total hardness and all the species of nitrogen (nitrite, nitrate and ammonium) were higher in the inner city than the remaining water habitats except the outer ground water stations. Conductivity decreased along the presumptive pollution categories significantly, i.e. inner > middle > out skirt (P< 0.05) and showed medium to high correlation with chloride, total hardness, nitrate, nitrite, total dissolved solids in ground water (r = 0.58 – 0.85). Dissolved oxygen, pH and SAK254 were higher in the lake station than other water bodies. The results from this research would help in developing best management practices for the Bahir Dar municipal water scheme and for regional water scheme program in the future and provide information for formulating appropriate framework for an integrated water management strategy.","PeriodicalId":12569,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"11-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80688537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eggs and larvae of Heterobranchus longifilis were exposed to extracts of different concentrations of Nigerian Bonny light crude oil and Exxon Mobil Oso off-shore condensate during a comparative toxicity experiment carried out in the Institute of Oceanography Fish Farm, University of Calabar, Nigeria. Petroleum hydrocarbon was extracted from the two oils in separate 30litre glass aquaria and the eggs and young larvae were contaminated by exposing them to three concentrations of both oils, viz: 101, 103, 102ppm for approximately 10 days. Young eggs seemed to be more sensitive from 5 to 30 hours after fertilization. Extract from 104 ppm of Bonny Light Crude and Oso condensate caused 40% and 30% mortality respectively, after 100h. Embryos contaminated with Bonny Light crude extract did not recover on transfer to clean water. Delayed development was observed in the two-highest concentrations. Heterobranchus longifilis larvae were found to have a “mean critical time” of 4.2 days in the highest concentration of Oso condensate extract when larval integument was damaged. It is concluded that Bonny light crude could be a more dangerous pollutant to juvenile fish than the Oso condensate. KEYWORDS: Heterobranchus longifilis , crude Oil extracts, Mortality, Bonny Light Crude, Exxon Mobil Oso Condensate.
{"title":"Effect of crude oil extracts on early stages of African catfish Heterobranchus longifilis (val.) reared under controlled condition","authors":"I. Ewa-Oboho, O. Amu","doi":"10.4314/GJES.V8I2.53780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJES.V8I2.53780","url":null,"abstract":"Eggs and larvae of Heterobranchus longifilis were exposed to extracts of different concentrations of Nigerian Bonny light crude oil and Exxon Mobil Oso off-shore condensate during a comparative toxicity experiment carried out in the Institute of Oceanography Fish Farm, University of Calabar, Nigeria. Petroleum hydrocarbon was extracted from the two oils in separate 30litre glass aquaria and the eggs and young larvae were contaminated by exposing them to three concentrations of both oils, viz: 101, 103, 102ppm for approximately 10 days. Young eggs seemed to be more sensitive from 5 to 30 hours after fertilization. Extract from 104 ppm of Bonny Light Crude and Oso condensate caused 40% and 30% mortality respectively, after 100h. Embryos contaminated with Bonny Light crude extract did not recover on transfer to clean water. Delayed development was observed in the two-highest concentrations. Heterobranchus longifilis larvae were found to have a “mean critical time” of 4.2 days in the highest concentration of Oso condensate extract when larval integument was damaged. It is concluded that Bonny light crude could be a more dangerous pollutant to juvenile fish than the Oso condensate. KEYWORDS: Heterobranchus longifilis , crude Oil extracts, Mortality, Bonny Light Crude, Exxon Mobil Oso Condensate.","PeriodicalId":12569,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"55 1","pages":"23-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80881581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. M. Wufem, A. Ibrahim, N. Gin, M. Mohammed, E. Ekanem, M. A. Shibdawa
Speciation of heavy metals in the sediments of Gubi Dam in Bauchi, Nigeria was carried out between December, 2001 and March, 2002. The mean total concentrations showed that Tatimari tributary has high Fe, Zn, and Mn, confirming it source and path. The spillway result suggest intensive farming activity along the dam runway. However, the physio-chemical forms of Fe, Pb, and Cr indicate that these metals are associated in high concentration with the mineral matrix of the sediment, as such it is most unlikely to become biologically available. High levels of Cu, Cd, Zn, Mn, Co and Ni are associated with the exchangeable carbonate bound fractions, indicating that they are in potentially available forms and many pose serious problems to the dam ecosystem. KEY WORDS: Sediments, Speciation, Heavy metals, Gubi Dam, Nigeria
{"title":"Speciation of heavy metals in the sidments of Gubi dam, Bauchi state, Nigeria","authors":"B. M. Wufem, A. Ibrahim, N. Gin, M. Mohammed, E. Ekanem, M. A. Shibdawa","doi":"10.4314/gjes.v8i2.53784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjes.v8i2.53784","url":null,"abstract":"Speciation of heavy metals in the sediments of Gubi Dam in Bauchi, Nigeria was carried out between December, 2001 and March, 2002. The mean total concentrations showed that Tatimari tributary has high Fe, Zn, and Mn, confirming it source and path. The spillway result suggest intensive farming activity along the dam runway. However, the physio-chemical forms of Fe, Pb, and Cr indicate that these metals are associated in high concentration with the mineral matrix of the sediment, as such it is most unlikely to become biologically available. High levels of Cu, Cd, Zn, Mn, Co and Ni are associated with the exchangeable carbonate bound fractions, indicating that they are in potentially available forms and many pose serious problems to the dam ecosystem. KEY WORDS: Sediments, Speciation, Heavy metals, Gubi Dam, Nigeria","PeriodicalId":12569,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"55-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79883190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solid waste management appraisal for Gboko town is made. Questionnaires were administered with respect to demographic and waste management data in five zones of the town. The rate of waste generation was determined by using household approach, which involved sorting and weighing of wastes respectively. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA and Chi- Square tests. The results showed that there was significant variation in the composition of waste generated. The amount of waste generated per day was estimated at 23,841 kg. In general management of solid waste in Gboko town is not satisfactory calling for more concerted efforts in the areas of public enlightenment campaigns, regular collection and disposal of generated wastes and extension of services to cover more inhabitants of the town. KEY WORDS: Solid wastes, Management, Problems, Gboko town
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN GBOKO TOWN","authors":"G. Akpen, S. Aondoakaa","doi":"10.4314/GJES.V8I2.53786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJES.V8I2.53786","url":null,"abstract":"Solid waste management appraisal for Gboko town is made. Questionnaires were administered with respect to demographic and waste management data in five zones of the town. The rate of waste generation was determined by using household approach, which involved sorting and weighing of wastes respectively. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA and Chi- Square tests. The results showed that there was significant variation in the composition of waste generated. The amount of waste generated per day was estimated at 23,841 kg. In general management of solid waste in Gboko town is not satisfactory calling for more concerted efforts in the areas of public enlightenment campaigns, regular collection and disposal of generated wastes and extension of services to cover more inhabitants of the town. KEY WORDS: Solid wastes, Management, Problems, Gboko town","PeriodicalId":12569,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"88 1-2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77848655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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